1
|
Jurišić V, Rašeta D, Kontek M, Clifton-Brown J, Trindade LM, Lamy I, Guerin A, Kiesel A, Matin A, Krička T, Petrinec B. Assessment of the radionuclide remediation potential of novel miscanthus hybrids. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27788. [PMID: 38515730 PMCID: PMC10955284 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
There are few studies related to the radionuclide remediation options, which comply to the demands of the environmentally non-destructive physical remediation methods. So far, most of the research was conducted on the phytoremediation capacity of different energy crops, as well as the established miscanthus hybrids which involved metal and heavy metal contaminants. Hence, the objective of this research was the radioecological characterization of the examined agroecosystem, including the initial source of the radionuclides (soil) as well as different miscanthus hybrids grown on the same soil. The results have shown that the radioactive content of soil was similar to the global averages. All measurements of the activity concentration of 137Cs in miscanthus samples were below the detection limits. There is also an indication that 210Pb is leaching into the lower layers (or is being taken up by miscanthus plant from the upper layers). Moreover, transfer factors (TFs) for radionuclides, as a more precise parameter for evaluating the phytoremediation potential, were calculated; the TFs were found to be very low for 226Ra (≤0.07), TFs for 40K (≤0.39) and for 232Th (≤0.21) were in the lower limits, whereas the TFs for 238U were found to be the highest (≤0.92). For 210Pb, the TFs were not calculated, since the expectation was that a significant part of the measured quantity came from the air, and not through the soil. Having in mind the sustainability and the circularity aspect of the radionuclide phytoremediation system, the appropriate management method should be applied for the disposal and utilization of the biomass contaminated with radionuclides. This research has shown that the radiological content in miscanthus is high enough and the ash content is low enough that miscanthus ash could be considered as a NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material), and it can be further used for the construction industry (i.e. concrete, tiles), in mixtures with other materials with certain limitations, similar to the utilization of ash from other sources such as coal or wood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Jurišić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Rašeta
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mislav Kontek
- Energovizija d.o.o., Ilica 42, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - John Clifton-Brown
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstrasse 23, 35390, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Wageningen University & Research, Plant Breeding, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Lamy
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Annie Guerin
- US 0010 Laboratoire d’Analyses des Sols (LAS), 62000, Arras, France
| | - Andreas Kiesel
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ana Matin
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tajana Krička
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branko Petrinec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krzyżak J, Rusinowski S, Sitko K, Szada-Borzyszkowska A, Stec R, Janota P, Jensen E, Kiesel A, Pogrzeba M. The effect of combined drought and trace metal elements stress on the physiological response of three Miscanthus hybrids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10452. [PMID: 37380788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a serious threat worldwide and has a significant impact on agricultural production and soil health. It can pose an even greater threat when it involves land contaminated with trace metal element (TMEs). To prevent desertification, such land should be properly managed and growing Miscanthus for energy or raw material purposes could be a solution. The effects of drought and TMEs were studied in a pot experiment on three different Miscanthus hybrids (conventional Miscanthus × giganteus, TV1 and GNT10) considering growth parameters, photosynthetic parameters and elemental composition of roots, rhizomes and shoots. GNT10 was characterised by the weakest gas exchange among the hybrids, which was compensated by the highest number of leaves and biomass. The strongest correlations between the studied parameters were found for TV1, which might indicate a high sensitivity to TME stress. For M × g and GNT10, the main mechanisms for coping with stress seem to be biomass management through number of shoots and leaves and gas exchange. The main factor determining the extent of accumulation of TMEs was the amount of water applied in the experimental treatment, which was related to the location of the plant in the aniso-isohydric continuum. GNT10 was the most resistant plant to combined stress, while it responded similarly to TV1 when drought and trace metal elements were applied separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Krzyżak
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844, Katowice, Poland
| | - Szymon Rusinowski
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sitko
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844, Katowice, Poland
- Plant Ecophysiology Team, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellońska Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Radosław Stec
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paulina Janota
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844, Katowice, Poland
| | - Elaine Jensen
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Andreas Kiesel
- Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340B), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marta Pogrzeba
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844, Katowice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clifton‐Brown J, Hastings A, von Cossel M, Murphy‐Bokern D, McCalmont J, Whitaker J, Alexopoulou E, Amaducci S, Andronic L, Ashman C, Awty‐Carroll D, Bhatia R, Breuer L, Cosentino S, Cracroft‐Eley W, Donnison I, Elbersen B, Ferrarini A, Ford J, Greef J, Ingram J, Lewandowski I, Magenau E, Mos M, Petrick M, Pogrzeba M, Robson P, Rowe RL, Sandu A, Schwarz K, Scordia D, Scurlock J, Shepherd A, Thornton J, Trindade LM, Vetter S, Wagner M, Wu P, Yamada T, Kiesel A. Perennial biomass cropping and use: Shaping the policy ecosystem in European countries. Glob Change Biol Bioenergy 2023; 15:538-558. [PMID: 38505831 PMCID: PMC10946487 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Demand for sustainably produced biomass is expected to increase with the need to provide renewable commodities, improve resource security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in line with COP26 commitments. Studies have demonstrated additional environmental benefits of using perennial biomass crops (PBCs), when produced appropriately, as a feedstock for the growing bioeconomy, including utilisation for bioenergy (with or without carbon capture and storage). PBCs can potentially contribute to Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (2023-27) objectives provided they are carefully integrated into farming systems and landscapes. Despite significant research and development (R&D) investment over decades in herbaceous and coppiced woody PBCs, deployment has largely stagnated due to social, economic and policy uncertainties. This paper identifies the challenges in creating policies that are acceptable to all actors. Development will need to be informed by measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of greenhouse gas emissions reductions and other environmental, economic and social metrics. It discusses interlinked issues that must be considered in the expansion of PBC production: (i) available land; (ii) yield potential; (iii) integration into farming systems; (iv) R&D requirements; (v) utilisation options; and (vi) market systems and the socio-economic environment. It makes policy recommendations that would enable greater PBC deployment: (1) incentivise farmers and land managers through specific policy measures, including carbon pricing, to allocate their less productive and less profitable land for uses which deliver demonstrable greenhouse gas reductions; (2) enable greenhouse gas mitigation markets to develop and offer secure contracts for commercial developers of verifiable low-carbon bioenergy and bioproducts; (3) support innovation in biomass utilisation value chains; and (4) continue long-term, strategic R&D and education for positive environmental, economic and social sustainability impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Clifton‐Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus Liebig UniversityGießenGermany
| | - Astley Hastings
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Moritz von Cossel
- Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b), Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | | | - Jon McCalmont
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Jeanette Whitaker
- UK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyLancaster Environment CentreLancasterUK
| | - Efi Alexopoulou
- Center for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving (CRES)Pikermi AttikisGreece
| | - Stefano Amaducci
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Larisa Andronic
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of MoldovaChisinauRepublic of Moldova
| | - Christopher Ashman
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Danny Awty‐Carroll
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Rakesh Bhatia
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus Liebig UniversityGießenGermany
| | - Lutz Breuer
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Salvatore Cosentino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A)University of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | | | - Iain Donnison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Berien Elbersen
- Team Earth InformaticsWageningen Environmental ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Andrea Ferrarini
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Judith Ford
- School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Jörg Greef
- Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsJulius Kühn InstituteBraunschweigGermany
| | - Julie Ingram
- Countryside & Community Research InstituteUniversity of GloucestershireGloucestershireUK
| | - Iris Lewandowski
- Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b), Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Elena Magenau
- Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b), Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Michal Mos
- Energene Seeds Limited, AIEC Office Block, GogerddanAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Martin Petrick
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- Institute for Agricultural Policy and Market ResearchJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | | | - Paul Robson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Rebecca L. Rowe
- UK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyLancaster Environment CentreLancasterUK
| | - Anatolii Sandu
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of MoldovaChisinauRepublic of Moldova
| | - Kai‐Uwe Schwarz
- Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsJulius Kühn InstituteBraunschweigGermany
| | - Danilo Scordia
- Dipartmento di Scienze VeterinarieUniversity of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'AnnunziataMessinaItaly
| | | | - Anita Shepherd
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Judith Thornton
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Sylvia Vetter
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Moritz Wagner
- Department of Applied EcologyGeisenheim UniversityGeisenheimGermany
| | - Pei‐Chen Wu
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Toshihiko Yamada
- Field Science Center for Northern BiosphereHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - Andreas Kiesel
- Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b), Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shepherd A, Awty‐Carroll D, Kam J, Ashman C, Magenau E, Martani E, Kontek M, Ferrarini A, Amaducci S, Davey C, Jurišić V, Petrie G, Al Hassan M, Lamy I, Lewandowski I, de Maupeou E, McCalmont J, Trindade L, van der Cruijsen K, van der Pluijm P, Rowe R, Lovett A, Donnison I, Kiesel A, Clifton‐Brown J, Hastings A. Novel Miscanthus hybrids: Modelling productivity on marginal land in Europe using dynamics of canopy development determined by light interception. Glob Change Biol Bioenergy 2023; 15:444-461. [PMID: 38505760 PMCID: PMC10947340 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
New biomass crop hybrids for bioeconomic expansion require yield projections to determine their potential for strategic land use planning in the face of global challenges. Our biomass growth simulation incorporates radiation interception and conversion efficiency. Models often use leaf area to predict interception which is demanding to determine accurately, so instead we use low-cost rapid light interception measurements using a simple laboratory-made line ceptometer and relate the dynamics of canopy closure to thermal time, and to measurements of biomass. We apply the model to project the European biomass potentials of new market-ready hybrids for 2020-2030. Field measurements are easier to collect, the calibration is seasonally dynamic and reduces influence of weather variation between field sites. The model obtained is conservative, being calibrated by crops of varying establishment and varying maturity on less productive (marginal) land. This results in conservative projections of miscanthus hybrids for 2020-2030 based on 10% land use conversion of the least (productive) grassland and arable for farm diversification, which show a European potential of 80.7-89.7 Mt year-1 biomass, with potential for 1.2-1.3 EJ year-1 energy and 36.3-40.3 Mt year-1 carbon capture, with seeded Miscanthus sacchariflorus × sinensis displaying highest yield potential. Simulated biomass projections must be viewed in light of the field measurements on less productive land with high soil water deficits. We are attempting to model the results from an ambitious and novel project combining new hybrids across Europe with agronomy which has not been perfected on less productive sites. Nevertheless, at the time of energy sourcing issues, seed-propagated miscanthus hybrids for the upscaled provision of bioenergy offer an alternative source of renewable energy. If European countries provide incentives for growers to invest, seeded hybrids can improve product availability and biomass yields over the current commercial miscanthus variety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Shepherd
- Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen, ScotlandUK
| | - Danny Awty‐Carroll
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | | | - Chris Ashman
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Elena Magenau
- Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy, Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Enrico Martani
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Mislav Kontek
- Department of Ag Technology, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Andrea Ferrarini
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Stefano Amaducci
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Chris Davey
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Vanja Jurišić
- Department of Ag Technology, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | | | - Mohamad Al Hassan
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Lamy
- French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and EnvironmentParisFrance
| | - Iris Lewandowski
- Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy, Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | | | - Jon McCalmont
- Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen, ScotlandUK
| | - Luisa Trindade
- Plant BreedingWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rebecca Rowe
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment CentreLancasterUK
| | - Andrew Lovett
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Iain Donnison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Andreas Kiesel
- Department of Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy, Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - John Clifton‐Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Research Centre for Biosystems, Land‐Use and Nutrition (iFZ)Justus Liebig UniversityGießenGermany
| | - Astley Hastings
- Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen, ScotlandUK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Krzyżak J, Rusinowski S, Sitko K, Szada-Borzyszkowska A, Stec R, Jensen E, Clifton-Brown J, Kiesel A, Lewin E, Janota P, Pogrzeba M. The Effect of Different Agrotechnical Treatments on the Establishment of Miscanthus Hybrids in Soil Contaminated with Trace Metals. Plants (Basel) 2022; 12:98. [PMID: 36616227 PMCID: PMC9823936 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and man-made pollution can have a negative impact on the establishment of Miscanthus plants in the field. This is particularly important because biomass can be produced on marginal land without conflicting with food crops. The establishment success depends on the hybrid chosen, the cultivation method, the climatic conditions, and the concentration of pollutants in the soil. There are several ways to increase the survival rate of the plants during the first growing season and after the first winter. One of them is the application of biochar and photodegradable plastic mulch, which can provide a solution for soils polluted with trace elements (TMEs). The aim of this study was to investigate the application of plastic mulch and biochar separately and in combination at the planting stage for two Miscanthus hybrids planted by the rhizome method (TV1) and seedling plugs (GNT43) on soils contaminated with trace metal elements (Pb, Cd, Zn). TV1 seems unsuitable for TME-contaminated field cultivation, as the survival rate was <60% in most treatments studied. The selected treatments did not increase the survival rate. Furthermore, the application of plastic mulch in combination with biochar resulted in a significant reduction of this parameter, regardless of the hybrid studied. The applied agrotechnology did not influence the TME accumulation in the aboveground plant parts in TV1, while Pb and Cd in GNT43 showed significantly higher values in all treatments. Contrary to expectations, biochar and plastic mulch applied separately and together neither increased survival nor reduced the accumulation of toxic TMEs during establishment on soil contaminated with TMEs and after the first growing season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Krzyżak
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
| | - Szymon Rusinowski
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sitko
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
- Plant Ecophysiology Team, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellońska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Radosław Stec
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
| | - Elaine Jensen
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - John Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Andreas Kiesel
- Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Lewin
- Biobased Resources in the Bioeconomy (340b), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Paulina Janota
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Pogrzeba
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, 6 Kossutha Street, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gnatzy W, Fischer OW, Kiesel A, Vane-Wright RI, Boppré M. Diverticula in Male Lycorea halia Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danaini: Itunina)-Support Organs for Everted Hairpencils with Unique Ultrastructure. Neotrop Entomol 2020; 49:73-81. [PMID: 31808073 PMCID: PMC7033059 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of the diverticula, a synapomorphy for Itunina, in protrusion and expansion of hairpencils by male Lycorea halia (Hübner, 1816) is demonstrated for the first time. They facilitate maintaining the haemolymph pressure necessary to keep the hairpencils everted. The diverticula are curved hook-like lobes, open to the body cavity and densely filled with tracheae and threads made by units of two staggered cells surrounding a central extracellular fibril bundle. Such complex structures, apparently metabolically active, have not been reported for insects previously and might indicate additional functions, but their functional role(s) remains a puzzle. When a male emerges from pupa, the diverticula are not yet formed; this happens only during the first protrusion of the hairpencils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Gnatzy
- Institut für Ökologie, Evolution and Diversität, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - O W Fischer
- Forstzoologie und Entomologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79085, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - A Kiesel
- Forstzoologie und Entomologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79085, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - R I Vane-Wright
- Dept of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), and School of Anthropology and Conservation, Univ of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - M Boppré
- Forstzoologie und Entomologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79085, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Clifton‐Brown J, Harfouche A, Casler MD, Dylan Jones H, Macalpine WJ, Murphy‐Bokern D, Smart LB, Adler A, Ashman C, Awty‐Carroll D, Bastien C, Bopper S, Botnari V, Brancourt‐Hulmel M, Chen Z, Clark LV, Cosentino S, Dalton S, Davey C, Dolstra O, Donnison I, Flavell R, Greef J, Hanley S, Hastings A, Hertzberg M, Hsu T, Huang LS, Iurato A, Jensen E, Jin X, Jørgensen U, Kiesel A, Kim D, Liu J, McCalmont JP, McMahon BG, Mos M, Robson P, Sacks EJ, Sandu A, Scalici G, Schwarz K, Scordia D, Shafiei R, Shield I, Slavov G, Stanton BJ, Swaminathan K, Taylor G, Torres AF, Trindade LM, Tschaplinski T, Tuskan GA, Yamada T, Yeon Yu C, Zalesny RS, Zong J, Lewandowski I. Breeding progress and preparedness for mass-scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow and poplar. Glob Change Biol Bioenergy 2019; 11:118-151. [PMID: 30854028 PMCID: PMC6392185 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic improvement through breeding is one of the key approaches to increasing biomass supply. This paper documents the breeding progress to date for four perennial biomass crops (PBCs) that have high output-input energy ratios: namely Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), species of the genera Miscanthus (miscanthus), Salix (willow) and Populus (poplar). For each crop, we report on the size of germplasm collections, the efforts to date to phenotype and genotype, the diversity available for breeding and on the scale of breeding work as indicated by number of attempted crosses. We also report on the development of faster and more precise breeding using molecular breeding techniques. Poplar is the model tree for genetic studies and is furthest ahead in terms of biological knowledge and genetic resources. Linkage maps, transgenesis and genome editing methods are now being used in commercially focused poplar breeding. These are in development in switchgrass, miscanthus and willow generating large genetic and phenotypic data sets requiring concomitant efforts in informatics to create summaries that can be accessed and used by practical breeders. Cultivars of switchgrass and miscanthus can be seed-based synthetic populations, semihybrids or clones. Willow and poplar cultivars are commercially deployed as clones. At local and regional level, the most advanced cultivars in each crop are at technology readiness levels which could be scaled to planting rates of thousands of hectares per year in about 5 years with existing commercial developers. Investment in further development of better cultivars is subject to current market failure and the long breeding cycles. We conclude that sustained public investment in breeding plays a key role in delivering future mass-scale deployment of PBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Clifton‐Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Antoine Harfouche
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest systemsUniversity of TusciaViterboItaly
| | | | - Huw Dylan Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | | | | | - Lawrence B. Smart
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityGenevaNew York
| | - Anneli Adler
- SweTree Technologies ABUmeåSweden
- Institute of Crop Production EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Chris Ashman
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Danny Awty‐Carroll
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | | | - Sebastian Bopper
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population GeneticsUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Vasile Botnari
- Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection (IGFPP) of Academy of Sciences of MoldovaChisinauMoldova
| | | | - Zhiyong Chen
- Insitute of MiscanthusHunan Agricultural UniversityHunan ChangshaChina
| | - Lindsay V. Clark
- Department of Crop Sciences & Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, 279 Edward R Madigan LaboratoryUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois
| | - Salvatore Cosentino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura Alimentazione e AmbienteUniversità degli Studi di CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Sue Dalton
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Chris Davey
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Oene Dolstra
- Plant BreedingWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Iain Donnison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | | | - Joerg Greef
- Julius Kuhn‐Institut (JKI)Bundesforschungsinstitut fur KulturpflanzenBraunschweigGermany
| | | | - Astley Hastings
- Institute of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Tsai‐Wen Hsu
- Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute (TESRI)Nantou CountyTaiwan
| | - Lin S. Huang
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Antonella Iurato
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Elaine Jensen
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- Department of Agronomy & The Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Uffe Jørgensen
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus University Centre for Circular BioeconomyTjeleDenmark
| | - Andreas Kiesel
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Do‐Soon Kim
- Department of Plant Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture & Life Sciences, CALSSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Institute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Jon P. McCalmont
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Bernard G. McMahon
- Natural Resources Research InstituteUniversity of Minnesota – DuluthDuluthMinnesota
| | | | - Paul Robson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Erik J. Sacks
- Department of Crop Sciences & Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, 279 Edward R Madigan LaboratoryUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois
| | - Anatolii Sandu
- Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection (IGFPP) of Academy of Sciences of MoldovaChisinauMoldova
| | - Giovanni Scalici
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura Alimentazione e AmbienteUniversità degli Studi di CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Kai Schwarz
- Julius Kuhn‐Institut (JKI)Bundesforschungsinstitut fur KulturpflanzenBraunschweigGermany
| | - Danilo Scordia
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura Alimentazione e AmbienteUniversità degli Studi di CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Reza Shafiei
- James Hutton InstituteUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Gail Taylor
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Andres F. Torres
- Plant BreedingWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Plant BreedingWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Timothy Tschaplinski
- The Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- The Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee
| | - Toshihiko Yamada
- Field Science Centre for the Northern BiosphereHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Chang Yeon Yu
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences 2Kangwon National UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea
| | | | - Junqin Zong
- Institute of BotanyJiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Iris Lewandowski
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop ScienceUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nunn C, Hastings AFSJ, Kalinina O, Özgüven M, Schüle H, Tarakanov IG, Van Der Weijde T, Anisimov AA, Iqbal Y, Kiesel A, Khokhlov NF, McCalmont JP, Meyer H, Mos M, Schwarz KU, Trindade LM, Lewandowski I, Clifton-Brown JC. Environmental Influences on the Growing Season Duration and Ripening of Diverse Miscanthus Germplasm Grown in Six Countries. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:907. [PMID: 28611816 PMCID: PMC5447773 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of models to predict yield potential and quality of a Miscanthus crop must consider climatic limitations and the duration of growing season. As a biomass crop, yield and quality are impacted by the timing of plant developmental transitions such as flowering and senescence. Growth models are available for the commercially grown clone Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg), but breeding programs have been working to expand the germplasm available, including development of interspecies hybrids. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of diverse germplasm beyond the range of environments considered suitable for a Miscanthus crop to be grown. To achieve this, six field sites were planted as part of the EU OPTIMISC project in 2012 in a longitudinal gradient from West to East: Wales-Aberystwyth, Netherlands-Wageningen, Stuttgart-Germany, Ukraine-Potash, Turkey-Adana, and Russia-Moscow. Each field trial contained three replicated plots of the same 15 Miscanthus germplasm types. Through the 2014 growing season, phenotypic traits were measured to determine the timing of developmental stages key to ripening; the tradeoff between growth (yield) and quality (biomass ash and moisture content). The hottest site (Adana) showed an accelerated growing season, with emergence, flowering and senescence occurring before the other sites. However, the highest yields were produced at Potash, where emergence was delayed by frost and the growing season was shortest. Flowering triggers varied with species and only in Mxg was strongly linked to accumulated thermal time. Our results show that a prolonged growing season is not essential to achieve high yields if climatic conditions are favorable and in regions where the growing season is bordered by frost, delaying harvest can improve quality of the harvested biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nunn
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Olena Kalinina
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Mensure Özgüven
- Field Crops Department, Konya Food and Agriculture UniversityKonya, Turkey
| | | | - Ivan G. Tarakanov
- Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Tim Van Der Weijde
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Yasir Iqbal
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Kiesel
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Nikolay F. Khokhlov
- Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Jon P. McCalmont
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michal Mos
- Blankney EstatesBlankney, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Iris Lewandowski
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - John C. Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iqbal Y, Kiesel A, Wagner M, Nunn C, Kalinina O, Hastings AFSJ, Clifton-Brown JC, Lewandowski I. Harvest Time Optimization for Combustion Quality of Different Miscanthus Genotypes across Europe. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:727. [PMID: 28539928 PMCID: PMC5423943 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Delayed harvest can improve the quality of miscanthus biomass for combustion and enhance the long-term sustainability of the crop, despite accompanying yield losses. The aim of this study is to identify the optimal harvesting time, which can deliver improved biomass quality for combustion of novel miscanthus genotypes at various sites across Europe, without high yield losses and without compromising their environmental performance. The relevant field trials were established as part of the European project OPTIMISC with 15 genotypes at six sites across Europe. For this study, the five highest yielding genotypes from each germplasm group and three sites with contrasting climatic conditions (Stuttgart, Germany; Adana, Turkey; and Moscow, Russia) were selected for assessment. The biomass samples were collected between August and March (depending on site) and subjected to mineral and ash content analysis. At Stuttgart, the delay in harvesting time led to a significant variation in combustion quality characteristics, such as N content (0.64-0.21%), ash content (5.15-2.60%), and ash sintering index (1.30-0.20). At Adana, the delay in harvesting time decreased the N content from 0.62 to 0.23%, ash content from 10.63 to 3.84%, and sintering index from 0.54 to 0.07. At Moscow, the impact of delay in harvesting was not significant, except for N, Mg, and ash sintering index. Overall, a delay in harvesting time improved the combustion quality characteristics of each genotype, but at the expense of yield. Yield losses of up to 49% in Stuttgart and Adana and 21% for Moscow were recorded, with variations between genotypes and sites. The harvesting time also affected nutrient offtake, which in turn influences the long-term environmental performance of the crop. The highest N, P, and K offtakes were recorded at Stuttgart for each harvesting time except for final harvest (March), where Moscow had the highest N offtake. This study describes the three criteria (biomass quality, yield losses, nutrient offtake) for determining the ideal harvesting time, which gives the best compromise between dry matter yields and biomass quality characteristics without negatively affecting the environmental performance of the crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Iqbal
- Biobased Products and Energy Crops (340b), University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Kiesel
- Biobased Products and Energy Crops (340b), University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Moritz Wagner
- Biobased Products and Energy Crops (340b), University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Christopher Nunn
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityWales, UK
| | - Olena Kalinina
- Biobased Products and Energy Crops (340b), University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | | | - John C. Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityWales, UK
| | - Iris Lewandowski
- Biobased Products and Energy Crops (340b), University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kalinina O, Nunn C, Sanderson R, Hastings AFS, van der Weijde T, Özgüven M, Tarakanov I, Schüle H, Trindade LM, Dolstra O, Schwarz KU, Iqbal Y, Kiesel A, Mos M, Lewandowski I, Clifton-Brown JC. Extending Miscanthus Cultivation with Novel Germplasm at Six Contrasting Sites. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:563. [PMID: 28469627 PMCID: PMC5395641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus is a genus of perennial rhizomatous grasses with C4 photosynthesis which is indigenous in a wide geographic range of Asian climates. The sterile clone, Miscanthus × giganteus (M. × giganteus), is a naturally occurring interspecific hybrid that has been used commercially in Europe for biomass production for over a decade. Although, M. × giganteus has many outstanding performance characteristics including high yields and low nutrient offtakes, commercial expansion is limited by cloning rates, slow establishment to a mature yield, frost, and drought resistance. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of 13 novel germplasm types alongside M. × giganteus and horticultural "Goliath" in trials in six sites (in Germany, Russia, The Netherlands, Turkey, UK, and Ukraine). Mean annual yields across all the sites and genotypes increased from 2.3 ± 0.2 t dry matter ha-1 following the first year of growth, to 7.3 ± 0.3, 9.5 ± 0.3, and 10.5 ± 0.2 t dry matter ha-1 following the second, third, and fourth years, respectively. The highest average annual yields across locations and four growth seasons were observed for M. × giganteus (9.9 ± 0.7 t dry matter ha-1) and interspecies hybrid OPM-6 (9.4 ± 0.6 t dry matter ha-1). The best of the new hybrid genotypes yielded similarly to M. × giganteus at most of the locations. Significant effects of the year of growth, location, species, genotype, and interplay between these factors have been observed demonstrating strong genotype × environment interactions. The highest yields were recorded in Ukraine. Time needed for the crop establishment varied depending on climate: in colder climates such as Russia the crop has not achieved its peak yield by the fourth year, whereas in the hot climate of Turkey and under irrigation the yields were already high in the first growing season. We have identified several alternatives to M. × giganteus which have provided stable yields across wide climatic ranges, mostly interspecies hybrids, and also Miscanthus genotypes providing high biomass yields at specific geographic locations. Seed-propagated interspecific and intraspecific hybrids, with high stable yields and cheaper reliable scalable establishment remain a key strategic objective for breeders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kalinina
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Christopher Nunn
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Ruth Sanderson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Astley F. S. Hastings
- The Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - Tim van der Weijde
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mensure Özgüven
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture UniversityKonya, Turkey
| | - Ivan Tarakanov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyMoscow, Russia
| | | | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Oene Dolstra
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Yasir Iqbal
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Kiesel
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Iris Lewandowski
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - John C. Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kiesel A, Nunn C, Iqbal Y, Van der Weijde T, Wagner M, Özgüven M, Tarakanov I, Kalinina O, Trindade LM, Clifton-Brown J, Lewandowski I. Site-Specific Management of Miscanthus Genotypes for Combustion and Anaerobic Digestion: A Comparison of Energy Yields. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:347. [PMID: 28367151 PMCID: PMC5355453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, the perennial C4 grass miscanthus is currently mainly cultivated for energy generation via combustion. In recent years, anaerobic digestion has been identified as a promising alternative utilization pathway. Anaerobic digestion produces a higher-value intermediate (biogas), which can be upgraded to biomethane, stored in the existing natural gas infrastructure and further utilized as a transport fuel or in combined heat and power plants. However, the upgrading of the solid biomass into gaseous fuel leads to conversion-related energy losses, the level of which depends on the cultivation parameters genotype, location, and harvest date. Thus, site-specific crop management needs to be adapted to the intended utilization pathway. The objectives of this paper are to quantify (i) the impact of genotype, location and harvest date on energy yields of anaerobic digestion and combustion and (ii) the conversion losses of upgrading solid biomass into biogas. For this purpose, five miscanthus genotypes (OPM 3, 6, 9, 11, 14), three cultivation locations (Adana, Moscow, Stuttgart), and up to six harvest dates (August-March) were assessed. Anaerobic digestion yielded, on average, 35% less energy than combustion. Genotype, location, and harvest date all had significant impacts on the energy yield. For both, this is determined by dry matter yield and ash content and additionally by substrate-specific methane yield for anaerobic digestion and moisture content for combustion. Averaged over all locations and genotypes, an early harvest in August led to 25% and a late harvest to 45% conversion losses. However, each utilization option has its own optimal harvest date, determined by biomass yield, biomass quality, and cutting tolerance. By applying an autumn green harvest for anaerobic digestion and a delayed harvest for combustion, the conversion-related energy loss was reduced to an average of 18%. This clearly shows that the delayed harvest required to maintain biomass quality for combustion is accompanied by high energy losses through yield reduction over winter. The pre-winter harvest applied in the biogas utilization pathway avoids these yield losses and largely compensates for the conversion-related energy losses of anaerobic digestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kiesel
- Department Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Christopher Nunn
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Yasir Iqbal
- Department Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Tim Van der Weijde
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Moritz Wagner
- Department Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Mensure Özgüven
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture UniversityKonya, Turkey
| | - Ivan Tarakanov
- Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyMoscow, Russia
| | - Olena Kalinina
- Department Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - John Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Iris Lewandowski
- Department Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wagner M, Kiesel A, Hastings A, Iqbal Y, Lewandowski I. Novel Miscanthus Germplasm-Based Value Chains: A Life Cycle Assessment. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:990. [PMID: 28642784 PMCID: PMC5462955 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in miscanthus research: improvement of management practices, breeding of new genotypes, especially for marginal conditions, and development of novel utilization options. The purpose of the current study was a holistic analysis of the environmental performance of such novel miscanthus-based value chains. In addition, the relevance of the analyzed environmental impact categories was assessed. A Life Cycle Assessment was conducted to analyse the environmental performance of the miscanthus-based value chains in 18 impact categories. In order to include the substitution of a reference product, a system expansion approach was used. In addition, a normalization step was applied. This allowed the relevance of these impact categories to be evaluated for each utilization pathway. The miscanthus was cultivated on six sites in Europe (Aberystwyth, Adana, Moscow, Potash, Stuttgart and Wageningen) and the biomass was utilized in the following six pathways: (1) small-scale combustion (heat)-chips; (2) small-scale combustion (heat)-pellets; (3) large-scale combustion (CHP)-biomass baled for transport and storage; (4) large-scale combustion (CHP)-pellets; (5) medium-scale biogas plant-ensiled miscanthus biomass; and (6) large-scale production of insulation material. Thus, in total, the environmental performance of 36 site × pathway combinations was assessed. The comparatively high normalized results of human toxicity, marine, and freshwater ecotoxicity, and freshwater eutrophication indicate the relevance of these impact categories in the assessment of miscanthus-based value chains. Differences between the six sites can almost entirely be attributed to variations in biomass yield. However, the environmental performance of the utilization pathways analyzed varied widely. The largest differences were shown for freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, and freshwater eutrophication. The production of insulation material had the lowest impact on the environment, with net benefits in all impact categories expect three (marine eutrophication, human toxicity, agricultural land occupation). This performance can be explained by the multiple use of the biomass, first as material and subsequently as an energy carrier, and by the substitution of an emission-intensive reference product. The results of this study emphasize the importance of assessing all environmental impacts when selecting appropriate utilization pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Wagner
- Department Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
- *Correspondence: Moritz Wagner
| | - Andreas Kiesel
- Department Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Astley Hastings
- The School of Biological Sciences, University of AberdeenAberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Yasir Iqbal
- Department Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Iris Lewandowski
- Department Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lewandowski I, Clifton-Brown J, Trindade LM, van der Linden GC, Schwarz KU, Müller-Sämann K, Anisimov A, Chen CL, Dolstra O, Donnison IS, Farrar K, Fonteyne S, Harding G, Hastings A, Huxley LM, Iqbal Y, Khokhlov N, Kiesel A, Lootens P, Meyer H, Mos M, Muylle H, Nunn C, Özgüven M, Roldán-Ruiz I, Schüle H, Tarakanov I, van der Weijde T, Wagner M, Xi Q, Kalinina O. Progress on Optimizing Miscanthus Biomass Production for the European Bioeconomy: Results of the EU FP7 Project OPTIMISC. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1620. [PMID: 27917177 PMCID: PMC5114296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the complete findings of the EU-funded research project OPTIMISC, which investigated methods to optimize the production and use of miscanthus biomass. Miscanthus bioenergy and bioproduct chains were investigated by trialing 15 diverse germplasm types in a range of climatic and soil environments across central Europe, Ukraine, Russia, and China. The abiotic stress tolerances of a wider panel of 100 germplasm types to drought, salinity, and low temperatures were measured in the laboratory and a field trial in Belgium. A small selection of germplasm types was evaluated for performance in grasslands on marginal sites in Germany and the UK. The growth traits underlying biomass yield and quality were measured to improve regional estimates of feedstock availability. Several potential high-value bioproducts were identified. The combined results provide recommendations to policymakers, growers and industry. The major technical advances in miscanthus production achieved by OPTIMISC include: (1) demonstration that novel hybrids can out-yield the standard commercially grown genotype Miscanthus x giganteus; (2) characterization of the interactions of physiological growth responses with environmental variation within and between sites; (3) quantification of biomass-quality-relevant traits; (4) abiotic stress tolerances of miscanthus genotypes; (5) selections suitable for production on marginal land; (6) field establishment methods for seeds using plugs; (7) evaluation of harvesting methods; and (8) quantification of energy used in densification (pellet) technologies with a range of hybrids with differences in stem wall properties. End-user needs were addressed by demonstrating the potential of optimizing miscanthus biomass composition for the production of ethanol and biogas as well as for combustion. The costs and life-cycle assessment of seven miscanthus-based value chains, including small- and large-scale heat and power, ethanol, biogas, and insulation material production, revealed GHG-emission- and fossil-energy-saving potentials of up to 30.6 t CO2eq C ha-1y-1 and 429 GJ ha-1y-1, respectively. Transport distance was identified as an important cost factor. Negative carbon mitigation costs of -78€ t-1 CO2eq C were recorded for local biomass use. The OPTIMISC results demonstrate the potential of miscanthus as a crop for marginal sites and provide information and technologies for the commercial implementation of miscanthus-based value chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lewandowski
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - John Clifton-Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Karl Müller-Sämann
- ANNA - The Agency for Sustainable Management of Agricultural LandscapeFreiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Anisimov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyMoscow, Russia
| | - C.-L. Chen
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Oene Dolstra
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Iain S. Donnison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Kerrie Farrar
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Simon Fonteyne
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries ResearchMelle, Belgium
| | | | - Astley Hastings
- The Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - Laurie M. Huxley
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Yasir Iqbal
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Nikolay Khokhlov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyMoscow, Russia
| | - Andreas Kiesel
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Lootens
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries ResearchMelle, Belgium
| | | | | | - Hilde Muylle
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries ResearchMelle, Belgium
| | - Chris Nunn
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Mensure Özgüven
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture UniversityKonya, Turkey
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries ResearchMelle, Belgium
| | | | - Ivan Tarakanov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyMoscow, Russia
| | - Tim van der Weijde
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Moritz Wagner
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Qingguo Xi
- Dongying Agricultural InstituteDongying, China
| | - Olena Kalinina
- Department of Biobased Products and Energy Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pfister R, Melcher T, Kiesel A, Dechent P, Gruber O. Neural correlates of ideomotor effect anticipations. Neuroscience 2013; 259:164-71. [PMID: 24333210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
How does our mind produce physical, goal-directed action of our body? For about 200years, philosophers and psychologists hypothesized the transformation from mind to body to rely on the anticipation of an action's sensory consequences. Whereas this hypothesis received tremendous support from behavioral experiments, the neural underpinnings of action control via such ideomotor effect anticipations are virtually unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present study identified the inferior parietal cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus as key regions for this type of action control - setting the stage for a neuroscientific framework for explaining action control by ideomotor effect anticipations and thus enabling a synthesis of psychological and neuroscientific approaches to human action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Pfister
- Centre for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - T Melcher
- Centre for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Center of Old Age Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Kiesel
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - P Dechent
- University Medical Center Goettingen, MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - O Gruber
- Centre for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gauer T, Kiesel A, Engel K, Gargioni E, Petersen C. EP-1508 VALIDATION OF A LEAF SEQUENCING MODEL FOR ELECTRON IMRT PROVIDING EFFICIENT AND ROBUST DOSE DELIVERY IN BREAST CANCER. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)71841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
|
18
|
Striggow F, Riek-Burchardt M, Kiesel A, Schmidt W, Henrich-Noack P, Breder J, Krug M, Reymann KG, Reiser G. Four different types of protease-activated receptors are widely expressed in the brain and are up-regulated in hippocampus by severe ischemia. Eur J Neurosci 2001; 14:595-608. [PMID: 11556885 DOI: 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A variety of extracellular serine proteases are expressed in the central nervous system or might permeate the blood-brain barrier under pathological conditions. However, their intracerebral targets and physiological functions are largely unknown. Here, we show that four distinct subtypes of protease-activated receptors (PARs) are abundantly expressed in the adult rat brain and in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. PAR-1 expression was significant in the hippocampus, cortex and amygdala. Highest densities of PAR-2 and PAR-3 were observed in hippocampus, cortex, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus and striatum. Apart from the striatum, a similar localization was found for PAR-4. Within the hippocampal formation, each PAR subtype was predominantly localized in the pyramidal cell layers. Additionally, we identified PAR-2 in mossy fibers between dentate gyrus and CA3, PAR-3 in the subiculum and PAR-4 in CA3 and in mossy fibres as well as in the stratum lacunosum moleculare. After exposing hippocampal slice cultures to a severe experimental ischemia (oxygen-glucose deprivation), the expression of PARs 1-3 was up-regulated with subtype-specific kinetics. The localization of PARs in brain regions particularly vulnerable to ischemic insults as well as distinct alterations in the expression pattern after experimental ischemia support the notion of an important role of extracellular serine proteases and PARs in cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Striggow
- Institute for Neurobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical School, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kiesel A, Böttcher HF. [Exercise therapy at the working site within the scope of psycho-prevention]. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 1976; 70:252-4. [PMID: 985656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
20
|
Geyer M, Kiesel A, Teubner E. [The position of concentrated relaxation in a training program for the psychoprerention of myocardial infarction]. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol (Leipz) 1975; 27:542-9. [PMID: 1105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
After a summarised presentation of the institutional framework and of the aims of a training programme developed from psychotherapeutic and social psychological techniques, the method of concentrated relaxation is described in detail and its especial function in the first phase of training is explained. Through prompt realization results being made available through identification being made easier by the assigning into groups, through the stimulation of independent activity and the creation of an initial awareness of the problem, concentrated relaxation becomes the upholding element of this first phase, the aim of which is the increasing of motivation towards further participation in training in this relatively unsusceptible group.
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kiesel
- Laboratorium für Pflanzenbiochemie der Universität Moskau
| | - H. Doinikowa
- Laboratorium für Pflanzenbiochemie der Universität Moskau
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
|
24
|
Kiesel A, Schipitzina G. Untersuchungen über pflanzliche Fortpflanzungszellen. IV. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der chemischen Bestandteile der Sporen von Aspidium filix mas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1934. [DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1934.229.4-6.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
25
|
Kiesel A, Znamenskaja M. Studien im Gebiete der Strukturchemie der Eiweißkörper. I. Mitteilung. Über Ringschließung und Sauerstoffanreicherung beim Methoxylieren des Glycinins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1932. [DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1932.213.3-4.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
26
|
Kiesel A, Rubin B. Untersuchungen über pflanzliche Fortpflanzungszellen. III. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Bestandteile der Pollenkörner der Zuckerrübe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1929. [DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1929.182.5.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
|
29
|
Kiesel A. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Veränderungen, welche die stickstoffhaltigen Bestandteile grüner Pflanzen infolge von Lichtabschluß erleiden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1906. [DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1906.49.1.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
30
|
Kiesel A. American Patents: 215,757 Composition for casting ornamental figures. J Am Chem Soc 1879. [DOI: 10.1021/ja02145a671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|