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Connor MP, Prathapa N, Frey NV, Gill SI, Hexner EO, Bruno XJ, Lai CE, Loren AW, Luger SM, Matthews AH, McCurdy SR, Perl AE, Porter DL, Zeringue A, Oved JH, Olson TS, Pratz KW, Babushok DV. Hypomethylating agents are associated with high rates of hematologic toxicity in patients with secondary myeloid neoplasms developing after acquired aplastic anemia. Haematologica 2024. [PMID: 38634143 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2024.285275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Connor
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.
| | - Neeharika Prathapa
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Noelle V Frey
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Saar I Gill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth O Hexner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Ximena Jordan Bruno
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine E Lai
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Alison W Loren
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Selina M Luger
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew H Matthews
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Shannon R McCurdy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander E Perl
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - David L Porter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joseph H Oved
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY; Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Timothy S Olson
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Keith W Pratz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Daria V Babushok
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
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Abaza Y, Winer ES, Murthy GSG, Shallis RM, Matthews AH, Badar T, Geramita EM, Kota VK, Swaroop A, Doukas P, Bradshaw D, Helenowski IB, Liu Y, Zhang H, Im A, Litzow MR, Perl AE, Atallah E, Altman JK. Clinical outcomes of hypomethylating agents plus Venetoclax as frontline treatment in patients 75 years and older with acute myeloid leukemia: Real-world data from eight US academic centers. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:606-614. [PMID: 38342997 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Venetoclax (VEN) combined with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) is the standard of care for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) unfit for intensive chemotherapy. To date, real-world data published on HMAs plus VEN have been either single-center studies or using community-based electronic databases with limited details on mutational landscape, tolerability, and treatment patterns in elderly patients. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter retrospective study to assess the real-world experience of 204 elderly patients (≥75 years) with newly diagnosed AML treated with HMAs plus VEN from eight academic centers in the United States. Overall, 64 patients achieved complete remission (CR; 38%) and 43 CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi; 26%) for a CR/CRi rate of 64%, with a median duration of response of 14.2 months (95% CI: 9.43, 22.1). Among responders, 63 patients relapsed (59%) with median overall survival (OS) after relapse of 3.4 months (95% CI, 2.4, 6.7). Median OS for the entire population was 9.5 months (95% CI, 7.85-13.5), with OS significantly worse among patients with TP53-mutated AML (2.5 months) and improved in patients harboring NPM1, IDH1, and IDH2 mutations (13.5, 18.3, and 21.1 months, respectively). The 30-day and 60-day mortality rates were 9% and 19%, respectively. In conclusion, HMAs plus VEN yielded high response rates in elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML. The median OS was inferior to that reported in the VIALE-A trial. Outcomes are dismal after failure of HMAs plus VEN, representing an area of urgent unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Abaza
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Leukemia Program, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric S Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Rory M Shallis
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew H Matthews
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Talha Badar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Emily M Geramita
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vamsi K Kota
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alok Swaroop
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Leukemia Program, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Doukas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Leukemia Program, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Danielle Bradshaw
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Irene B Helenowski
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yingzhe Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Annie Im
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark R Litzow
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alexander E Perl
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ehab Atallah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jessica K Altman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Leukemia Program, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Laczko D, Poveda-Rogers C, Matthews AH, Snaith O, Luger S, Bagg A, Caponetti GC, Morrissette JJD, Yang G. RAD21 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38506144 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2328233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The cohesin complex is a ring-shaped protein structure involved in DNA repair and chromosomal segregation. Studies have showed that genomic alterations in the cohesin complex members are among the initial occurrences in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). STAG2 is the most commonly mutated and best-studied member of the cohesin complex in AML and mutations in this gene have been associated with adverse outcomes and are diagnostically relevant. However, the exact role of mutations in other members of the cohesin complex in the development of myeloid neoplasia is controversial. In this single institution study, we retrospectively reviewed data from the molecular profiles of 1,381 AML patients and identified 14 patients with mutations in RAD21, another member of the cohesin complex. We evaluated the frequency, mutational profile, clinico-pathologic features, and prognostic impact of RAD21 in this cohort. This study showed that RAD21-mutated AML often associates with monocytic differentiation, CD7 expression, co-existing mutations in epigenetic regulators, a normal karyotype, and poor prognosis. Our findings provide additional insights into the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genomic profile of RAD21 mutation-positive AML and suggest that RAD21 mutations should be evaluated for independent prognostic significance in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Laczko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Corey Poveda-Rogers
- Division of Precision and Computational Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew H Matthews
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Oraine Snaith
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Selina Luger
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Bagg
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriel C Caponetti
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer J D Morrissette
- Division of Precision and Computational Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Division of Precision and Computational Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Matthews AH, Perl AE, Luger SM, Gill SI, Lai C, Porter DL, Skuli S, Bruno XJ, Carroll MP, Freyer CW, Carulli A, Babushok DV, Frey NV, Hexner EO, Martin ME, McCurdy SR, Stadtmauer EA, Loren AW, Paralkar VR, Maillard IP, Pratz KW. Real-world effectiveness of intensive chemotherapy with 7&3 versus venetoclax and hypomethylating agent in acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1254-1264. [PMID: 37334852 PMCID: PMC11057024 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Intensive chemotherapy with cytarabine and anthracycline (7&3) remains the standard therapy for patients medically fit for induction, but the assessment of fitness remains controversial. Venetoclax and hypomethylating agent (ven/HMA) combination therapy has improved outcomes in unfit patients but no prospective study has assessed ven/HMA versus 7&3 as initial therapy in older, fit patients. Given no studies and expectation of ven/HMA use in patients outside of trial criteria, we evaluated retrospective outcomes among newly diagnosed patients. A nationwide electronic health record (EHR)-derived database and the University of Pennsylvania EHR identified 312 patients receiving 7&3 and 488 receiving ven/HMA who were 60-75 years old without history of organ failure. Ven/HMA patients were older and more likely to have secondary AML, adverse cytogenetics, and adverse mutations. Median overall survival (OS) for patients receiving intensive chemotherapy was 22 versus 10 months for ven/HMA (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.40-0.60). Controlling for measured baseline characteristic imbalances reduced survival advantage by half (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53-0.94). A sub-group of patients with equipoise, likelihood at least 30%-70% of receiving either treatment, had similar OS outcomes (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.75-1.6). Regarding safety outcomes, 60-day mortality was higher for ven/HMA (15% vs. 6% at 60 days) despite higher documented infections and febrile neutropenia for 7&3. In this multicenter real-word dataset, patients selected for intensive chemotherapy had superior OS but a large group had similar outcomes with ven/HMA. Prospective randomized studies, controlling for both measured and unmeasured confounders, must confirm this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H. Matthews
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander E. Perl
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Selina M. Luger
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Saar I. Gill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine Lai
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David L. Porter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah Skuli
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ximena Jordan Bruno
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin P. Carroll
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Craig W. Freyer
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alison Carulli
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daria V. Babushok
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Noelle V. Frey
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth O. Hexner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Martin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon R. McCurdy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward A. Stadtmauer
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alison W. Loren
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vikram R. Paralkar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ivan P. Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Keith W. Pratz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Matthews AH, Pratz KW, Carroll MP. Targeting Menin and CD47 to Address Unmet Needs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235906. [PMID: 36497385 PMCID: PMC9735817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
After forty years of essentially unchanged treatment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), innovation over the past five years has been rapid, with nine drug approvals from 2016 to 2021. Increased understanding of the molecular changes and genetic ontology of disease have led to targeting mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), B-cell lymphoma 2 and hedgehog pathways. Yet outcomes remain variable; especially in defined molecular and genetic subgroups such as NPM1 (Nucleophosmin 1) mutations, 11q23/KMT2A rearranged and TP53 mutations. Emerging therapies seek to address these unmet needs, and all three of these subgroups have promising new therapeutic approaches. Here, we will discuss the normal biological roles of menin in acute leukemia, notably in KMT2A translocations and NPM1 mutation, as well as current drug development. We will also explore how CD47 inhibition may move immunotherapy into front-line settings and unlock new treatment strategies in TP53 mutated disease. We will then consider how these new therapeutic advances may change the management of AML overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H. Matthews
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith W. Pratz
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martin P. Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 715 Biomedical Research Building II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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Matthews AH, Jagodzinski NA, Westwood M, Metcalfe JE, Trimble KT. Effectiveness of the Cobb-Stainsby excision arthroplasty. Foot Ankle Surg 2018; 24:49-53. [PMID: 29413774 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dislocated metatarsophalangeal joints from clawed or hammer toes can be a disabling consequence of several conditions. The Cobb-Stainsby forefoot arthroplasty combines partial phalangectomy (Stainsby) with extensor tendon transfer to the metatarsal head (Cobb). We present a retrospective, three surgeon case series of 215 toes in 126 patients. METHODS Early results and complications were gathered from the medical charts of 126 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Seventy-five patients were contactable by phone with a follow up range of 12-82 months (median follow up 45 months). Primary outcome measures were improvement of pain and function, reduction in plantar callosities and cosmetic improvement of the deformity. RESULTS Pre-operatively all patients presented with pain and shoe wear problems. Post-operatively seventy-two patients (96%) were satisfied, 72 (96%) reported pain relief, 55 (73%) were happy with toe control, 61 (81%) were pleased with cosmesis and 56 (75%) reported unlimited daily activities. Superficial wound infections were observed in 13 of the 126 patients (10%) and two in 75 patients (2%) developed recurrent clawing. CONCLUSION Our case series demonstrates improved outcomes over alternatives such as the Weil's osteotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Matthews
- Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Crownhill, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8DH, United Kingdom.
| | - N A Jagodzinski
- Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Crownhill, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - M Westwood
- Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Crownhill, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - J E Metcalfe
- Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Crownhill, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - K T Trimble
- Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Crownhill, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8DH, United Kingdom
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Matthews AH, Boyd M, Bott AR, Metcalfe JE. Improving emergency department management of paediatric clavicle fractures: a complete audit cycle. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2014; 75:287-9. [PMID: 25040275 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2014.75.5.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A protocol was devised to address the issue of unnecessary attendance at fracture clinic by children who have a fracture of the clavicle that is deemed to be uncomplicated. For the purposes of this protocol, the clavicle was divided into three zones. Fractures of the middle clavicle for which displacement was minimal, heal quickly in the majority of cases, without the need for follow up. As a result these children can be discharged provided the parents are adequately advised. This article outlines a study which investigated the effectiveness of the protocol. The study found that implementation of the protocol reduced unnecessary attendance at clinic from 85% (47/55) to 17% (4/23). This resulted in cost savings to the trust and reduced the pressure on staff working in busy fracture clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Matthews
- 5th Year Medical Student, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, Devon
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Goenka R, Matthews AH, Zhang B, O'Neill PJ, Scholz JL, Migone TS, Leonard WJ, Stohl W, Hershberg U, Cancro MP. Local BLyS production by T follicular cells mediates retention of high affinity B cells during affinity maturation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 211:45-56. [PMID: 24367004 PMCID: PMC3892970 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BLyS expression by GC follicular T cells is required for the efficient selection of high-affinity GC B cells. We have assessed the role of B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and its receptors in the germinal center (GC) reaction and affinity maturation. Despite ample BLyS retention on B cells in follicular (FO) regions, the GC microenvironment lacks substantial BLyS. This reflects IL-21–mediated down-regulation of the BLyS receptor TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor) on GC B cells, thus limiting their capacity for BLyS binding and retention. Within the GC, FO helper T cells (TFH cells) provide a local source of BLyS. Whereas T cell–derived BLyS is dispensable for normal GC cellularity and somatic hypermutation, it is required for the efficient selection of high affinity GC B cell clones. These findings suggest that during affinity maturation, high affinity clones rely on TFH-derived BLyS for their persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Goenka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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