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Hourani T, Eivazitork M, Balendran T, Mc Lee K, Hamilton JA, Zhu HJ, Iaria J, Morokoff AP, Luwor RB, Achuthan AA. Signaling pathways underlying TGF-β mediated suppression of IL-12A gene expression in monocytes. Mol Immunol 2024; 166:101-109. [PMID: 38278031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine essential for multiple biological processes, including the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. One of the important functions of TGF-β is the suppression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12), which is crucial for mounting an anti-tumorigenic response. Although the regulation of the IL-12p40 subunit (encoded by the IL-12B gene) of IL-12 has been extensively investigated, the knowledge of IL-12p35 (encoded by IL-12A gene) subunit regulation is relatively limited. This study investigates the molecular regulation of IL-12A by TGF-β-activated signaling pathways in THP-1 monocytes. Our study identifies a complex regulation of IL-12A gene expression by TGF-β, which involves multiple cellular signaling pathways, such as Smad2/3, NF-κB, p38 and JNK1/2. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB signaling decreased IL-12A expression, while blocking the Smad2/3 signaling pathway by overexpression of Smad7 and inhibiting JNK1/2 signaling with a pharmacological inhibitor, SP600125, increased its expression. The elucidated signaling pathways that regulate IL-12A gene expression potentially provide new therapeutic targets to increase IL-12 levels in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Hourani
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mahtab Eivazitork
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thivya Balendran
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kevin Mc Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Josephine Iaria
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia; Federation University, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Stuart SF, Curpen P, Gomes AJ, Lan MC, Nie S, Williamson NA, Kannourakis G, Morokoff AP, Achuthan AA, Luwor RB. Interleukin-11/IL-11 Receptor Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Invasion. Brain Sci 2024; 14:89. [PMID: 38248304 PMCID: PMC10813507 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is highly proliferative and invasive. However, the regulatory cytokine networks that promote glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion into other areas of the brain are not fully defined. In the present study, we define a critical role for the IL-11/IL-11Rα signalling axis in glioblastoma proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and invasion. We identified enhanced IL-11/IL-11Rα expression correlated with reduced overall survival in glioblastoma patients using TCGA datasets. Proteomic analysis of glioblastoma cell lines overexpressing IL-11Rα displayed a proteome that favoured enhanced proliferation and invasion. These cells also displayed greater proliferation and migration, while the knockdown of IL-11Rα reversed these tumourigenic characteristics. In addition, these IL-11Rα overexpressing cells displayed enhanced invasion in transwell invasion assays and in 3D spheroid invasion assays, while knockdown of IL-11Rα resulted in reduced invasion. Furthermore, IL-11Rα-overexpressing cells displayed a more mesenchymal-like phenotype compared to parental cells and expressed greater levels of the mesenchymal marker Vimentin. Overall, our study identified that the IL-11/IL-11Rα pathway promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation, EMT, and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. Stuart
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.F.S.); (A.J.G.); (A.P.M.)
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia;
| | - Peter Curpen
- Townsville Hospital and Health Service, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia;
| | - Adele J. Gomes
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.F.S.); (A.J.G.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Michelle C. Lan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.F.S.); (A.J.G.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Shuai Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (S.N.); (N.A.W.)
| | - Nicholas A. Williamson
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (S.N.); (N.A.W.)
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia;
- Federation University, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.F.S.); (A.J.G.); (A.P.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian A. Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia;
| | - Rodney B. Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.F.S.); (A.J.G.); (A.P.M.)
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia;
- Federation University, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
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Jones JJ, Jones KL, Wong SQ, Whittle J, Goode D, Nguyen H, Iaria J, Stylli S, Towner J, Pieters T, Gaillard F, Kaye AH, Drummond KJ, Morokoff AP. Plasma ctDNA enables early detection of temozolomide resistance mutations in glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae041. [PMID: 38596716 PMCID: PMC11003533 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liquid biopsy based on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a novel tool in clinical oncology, however, its use has been limited in glioma to date, due to low levels of ctDNA. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that sequencing techniques optimized for liquid biopsy in glioma patients can detect ctDNA in plasma with high sensitivity and with potential clinical utility. Methods We investigated 10 glioma patients with tumor tissue available from at least 2 surgical operations, who had 49 longitudinally collected plasma samples available for analysis. Plasma samples were sequenced with CAPP-seq (AVENIO) and tissue samples with TSO500. Results Glioma-derived ctDNA mutations were detected in 93.8% of plasma samples. 25% of all mutations detected were observed in plasma only. Mutations of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes MSH2 and MSH6 were the most frequent circulating gene alterations seen after temozolomide treatment and were frequently observed to appear in plasma prior to their appearance in tumor tissue at the time of surgery for recurrence. Conclusions This pilot study suggests that plasma ctDNA in glioma is feasible and may provide sensitive and complementary information to tissue biopsy. Furthermore, plasma ctDNA detection of new MMR gene mutations not present in the initial tissue biopsy may provide an early indication of the development of chemotherapy resistance. Additional clinical validation in larger cohorts is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Jones
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate L Jones
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Q Wong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Whittle
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Goode
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josie Iaria
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stan Stylli
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Towner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Pieters
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Gaillard
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kate J Drummond
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Jones JJ, Nguyen H, Wong SQ, Whittle J, Iaria J, Stylli S, Towner J, Pieters T, Gaillard F, Kaye AH, Drummond KJ, Morokoff AP. Plasma ctDNA liquid biopsy of IDH1, TERTp, and EGFRvIII mutations in glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae027. [PMID: 38572065 PMCID: PMC10989869 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor DNA has emerging clinical applications in several cancers; however, previous studies have shown low sensitivity in glioma. We investigated if 3 key glioma gene mutations IDH1, TERTp, and EGFRvIII could be reliably detected in plasma by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) thereby demonstrating the potential of this technique for glioma liquid biopsy. Methods We analyzed 110 glioma patients from our biobank with a total of 359 plasma samples (median 4 samples per patient). DNA was isolated from plasma and analyzed for IDH1, TERTp, and EGFRvIII mutations using ddPCR. Results Total cfDNA was significantly associated with tumor grade, tumor volume, and both overall and progression-free survival for all gliomas as well as the grade 4 glioblastoma subgroup, but was not reliably associated with changes in tumor volume/progression during the patients' postoperative time course. IDH1 mutation was detected with 84% overall sensitivity across all plasma samples and 77% in the preoperative samples alone; however, IDH1 mutation plasma levels were not associated with tumor progression or survival. IDH1m plasma levels were not associated with pre- or postsurgery progression or survival. The TERTp C228T mutation was detected in the plasma ctDNA in 88% but the C250T variant in only 49% of samples. The EGFRvIII mutation was detected in plasma in 5 out of 7 patients (71%) with tissue EGFRvIII mutations in tumor tissue. Conclusions Plasma ctDNA mutations detected with ddPCR provide excellent diagnostic sensitivity for IDH1, TERTp-C228T, and EGFRvIII mutations in glioma patients. Total cfDNA may also assist with prognostic information. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and the clinical role of ctDNA in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Jones
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Josie Iaria
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley Stylli
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Towner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Pieters
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Gaillard
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katharine J Drummond
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Whitehead CA, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Drummond KJ, Mantamadiotis T, Stylli SS. Invadopodia associated Thrombospondin-1 contributes to a post-therapy pro-invasive response in glioblastoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2023; 431:113743. [PMID: 37591452 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A critical challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) is its highly invasive nature which promotes cell migration throughout the brain and hinders surgical resection and effective drug delivery. GBM cells demonstrate augmented invasive capabilities following exposure to the current gold standard treatment of radiotherapy (RT) and concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ), resulting in rapid disease recurrence. Elucidating the mechanisms employed by post-treatment invasive GBM cells is critical to the development of more effective therapies. In this study, we utilized a Nanostring® Cancer Progression gene expression panel to identify candidate genes that may be involved in enhanced GBM cell invasion after treatment with clinically relevant doses of RT/TMZ. Our findings identified thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) as a pro-invasive gene that is upregulated in these cells. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that THBS1 localised within functional matrix-degrading invadopodia that formed on the surface of GBM cells. Furthermore, overexpression of THBS1 resulted in enhanced GBM cell migration and secretion of MMP-2, which was reduced with silencing of THBS1. The preliminary data demonstrates that THBS1 is associated with invadopodia in GBM cells and is likely involved in the invadopodia-mediated invasive process in GBM cells exposed to RT/TMZ treatment. Therapeutic inhibition of THBS1-mediated invadopodia activity, which facilitates GBM cell invasion, should be further investigated as a treatment for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa A Whitehead
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Katharine J Drummond
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Jones D, Whitehead CA, Dinevska M, Widodo SS, Furst LM, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Drummond KJ, Mantamadiotis T, Stylli SS. Repurposing FDA-approved drugs as inhibitors of therapy-induced invadopodia activity in glioblastoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:1251-1267. [PMID: 36302993 PMCID: PMC10164021 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary central nervous system tumour in adults. The lethality of GBM lies in its highly invasive, infiltrative, and neurologically destructive nature resulting in treatment failure, tumour recurrence and death. Even with current standard of care treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, surviving tumour cells invade throughout the brain. We have previously shown that this invasive phenotype is facilitated by actin-rich, membrane-based structures known as invadopodia. The formation and matrix degrading activity of invadopodia is enhanced in GBM cells that survive treatment. Drug repurposing provides a means of identifying new therapeutic applications for existing drugs without the need for discovery or development and the associated time for clinical implementation. We investigate several FDA-approved agents for their ability to act as both cytotoxic agents in reducing cell viability and as 'anti-invadopodia' agents in GBM cell lines. Based on their cytotoxicity profile, three agents were selected, bortezomib, everolimus and fludarabine, to test their effect on GBM cell invasion. All three drugs reduced radiation/temozolomide-induced invadopodia activity, in addition to reducing GBM cell viability. These drugs demonstrate efficacious properties warranting further investigation with the potential to be implemented as part of the treatment regime for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Jones
- Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Clarissa A Whitehead
- Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Marija Dinevska
- Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Samuel S Widodo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Liam M Furst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Hadassah University Medical Centre, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Katharine J Drummond
- Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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Whitehead CA, Fang H, Su H, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Hanssen E, Nowell CJ, Drummond KJ, Greening DW, Vella LJ, Mantamadiotis T, Stylli SS. Small extracellular vesicles promote invadopodia activity in glioblastoma cells in a therapy-dependent manner. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023:10.1007/s13402-023-00786-w. [PMID: 37014551 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00786-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy/temozolomide treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) is limited by the augmented invasiveness mediated by invadopodia activity of surviving GBM cells. As yet, however the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Due to their ability to transport oncogenic material between cells, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as key mediators of tumour progression. We hypothesize that the sustained growth and invasion of cancer cells depends on bidirectional sEV-mediated cell-cell communication. METHODS Invadopodia assays and zymography gels were used to examine the invadopodia activity capacity of GBM cells. Differential ultracentrifugation was utilized to isolate sEVs from conditioned medium and proteomic analyses were conducted on both GBM cell lines and their sEVs to determine the cargo present within the sEVs. In addition, the impact of radiotherapy and temozolomide treatment of GBM cells was studied. RESULTS We found that GBM cells form active invadopodia and secrete sEVs containing the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2. Subsequent proteomic studies revealed the presence of an invadopodia-related protein sEV cargo and that sEVs from highly invadopodia active GBM cells (LN229) increase invadopodia activity in sEV recipient GBM cells. We also found that GBM cells displayed increases in invadopodia activity and sEV secretion post radiation/temozolomide treatment. Together, these data reveal a relationship between invadopodia and sEV composition/secretion/uptake in promoting the invasiveness of GBM cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that sEVs secreted by GBM cells can facilitate tumour invasion by promoting invadopodia activity in recipient cells, which may be enhanced by treatment with radio-chemotherapy. The transfer of pro-invasive cargos may yield important insights into the functional capacity of sEVs in invadopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa A Whitehead
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Huaqi Su
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katharine J Drummond
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J Vella
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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Sinclair B, Cahill V, Seah J, Kitchen A, Vivash LE, Chen Z, Malpas CB, O'Shea MF, Desmond PM, Hicks RJ, Morokoff AP, King JA, Fabinyi GC, Kaye AH, Kwan P, Berkovic SF, Law M, O'Brien TJ. Machine Learning Approaches for Imaging-Based Prognostication of the Outcome of Surgery for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Epilepsia 2022; 63:1081-1092. [PMID: 35266138 PMCID: PMC9545680 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Around 30% of patients undergoing surgical resection for drug‐resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) do not obtain seizure freedom. Success of anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR) critically depends on the careful selection of surgical candidates, aiming at optimizing seizure freedom while minimizing postoperative morbidity. Structural MRI and FDG‐PET neuroimaging are routinely used in presurgical assessment and guide the decision to proceed to surgery. In this study, we evaluate the potential of machine learning techniques applied to standard presurgical MRI and PET imaging features to provide enhanced prognostic value relative to current practice. Methods Eighty two patients with drug resistant MTLE were scanned with FDG‐PET pre‐surgery and T1‐weighted MRI pre‐ and postsurgery. From these images the following features of interest were derived: volume of temporal lobe (TL) hypometabolism, % of extratemporal hypometabolism, presence of contralateral TL hypometabolism, presence of hippocampal sclerosis, laterality of seizure onset volume of tissue resected and % of temporal lobe hypometabolism resected. These measures were used as predictor variables in logistic regression, support vector machines, random forests and artificial neural networks. Results In the study cohort, 24 of 82 (28.3%) who underwent an ATLR for drug‐resistant MTLE did not achieve Engel Class I (i.e., free of disabling seizures) outcome at a minimum of 2 years of postoperative follow‐up. We found that machine learning approaches were able to predict up to 73% of the 24 ATLR surgical patients who did not achieve a Class I outcome, at the expense of incorrect prediction for up to 31% of patients who did achieve a Class I outcome. Overall accuracies ranged from 70% to 80%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of .75–.81. We additionally found that information regarding overall extent of both total and significantly hypometabolic tissue resected was crucial to predictive performance, with AUC dropping to .59–.62 using presurgical information alone. Incorporating the laterality of seizure onset and the choice of machine learning algorithm did not significantly change predictive performance. Significance Collectively, these results indicate that "acceptable" to "good" patient‐specific prognostication for drug‐resistant MTLE surgery is feasible with machine learning approaches utilizing commonly collected imaging modalities, but that information on the surgical resection region is critical for optimal prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sinclair
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Varduhi Cahill
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jarrel Seah
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andy Kitchen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy E Vivash
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles B Malpas
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie F O'Shea
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia M Desmond
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A King
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin C Fabinyi
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meng Law
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Jones J, Cain S, Pesic-Smith J, Choong PFM, Morokoff AP, Drummond KJ, Dabscheck G. Circulating tumor DNA for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1. J Neurooncol 2021; 154:265-274. [PMID: 34529228 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The leading cause of early death in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). The principles of management include early diagnosis, surgical clearance and close monitoring for tumor recurrence. Current methods for diagnosis, detection of residual disease and monitoring tumor burden are inadequate, as clinical and radiological features are non-specific for malignancy in patients with multiple tumors and lack the sensitivity to identify early evidence of malignant transformation or tumor recurrence. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising tool in cancer management and has the potential to improve the care of patients with NF1. In the following article we summarise the current understanding of the genomic landscape of MPNST, report on the previous literature of ctDNA in MPNST and outline the potential clinical applications for ctDNA in NF1 associated MPNST. Finally, we describe our prospective cohort study protocol investigating the utility of using ctDNA as an early diagnostic tool for MPNSTs in NF1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Jones
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.
| | - Sarah Cain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Jonathan Pesic-Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Peter F M Choong
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Service, Perter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Kate J Drummond
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Gabriel Dabscheck
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Luwor R, Morokoff AP, Amiridis S, D'Abaco G, Paradiso L, Stylli SS, Nguyen HPT, Tarleton M, Young KA, O'Brien TJ, Robinson PJ, Chircop M, McCluskey A, Jones NC. Targeting Glioma Stem Cells by Functional Inhibition of Dynamin 2: A Novel Treatment Strategy for Glioblastoma. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:144-155. [PMID: 30907150 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1582060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) play major roles in drug resistance, tumour maintenance and recurrence of glioblastoma. We investigated inhibition of the GTPase dynamin 2 as a therapy for glioblastoma. Glioma cell lines and patient-derived GSCs were treated with dynamin inhibitors, Dynole 34-2 and CyDyn 4-36. We studied about cell viability, and GSC neurosphere formation in vitro and orthotopic tumour growth in vivo. Dynamin inhibition reduced glioblastoma cell line viability and suppressed neurosphere formation and migration of GSCs. Tumour growth was reduced by CyDyn 4-36 treatment. Dynamin 2 inhibition therefore represents a novel approach for stem cell-directed Glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Luwor
- a Department of Surgery , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- a Department of Surgery , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia.,b Department of Neurosurgery , The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Stephanie Amiridis
- a Department of Surgery , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia.,c Department of Medicine , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Giovanna D'Abaco
- d Melbourne School of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Lucia Paradiso
- a Department of Surgery , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- a Department of Surgery , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia.,b Department of Neurosurgery , The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Hong P T Nguyen
- a Department of Surgery , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Mark Tarleton
- e Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
| | - Kelly A Young
- e Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- c Department of Medicine , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia.,f Department of Neuroscience , Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,g Department of Neurology , The Alfred Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- e Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia.,h Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney , Westmead , Australia
| | - Megan Chircop
- e Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia.,h Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney , Westmead , Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- e Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences , The University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- c Department of Medicine , The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville , Australia.,f Department of Neuroscience , Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,g Department of Neurology , The Alfred Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
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11
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Cahill V, Sinclair B, Malpas CB, McIntosh AM, Chen Z, Vivash LE, O'Shea MF, Wilson SJ, Desmond PM, Berlangieri SU, Hicks RJ, Rowe CC, Morokoff AP, King JA, Fabinyi GC, Kaye AH, Kwan P, Berkovic SF, O'Brien TJ. Metabolic patterns and seizure outcomes following anterior temporal lobectomy. Ann Neurol 2019; 85:241-250. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varduhi Cahill
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology; Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust; Salford United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology; School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Sinclair
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology; University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology; Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Charles B. Malpas
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology; Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology; Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Anne M. McIntosh
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology; Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology; Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Epilepsy Research Centre; University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology; Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology; Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Lucy E. Vivash
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology; Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology; Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Marie F. O'Shea
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program; Austin Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sarah J. Wilson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program; Austin Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Patricia M. Desmond
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology; University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - Rodney J. Hicks
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Christopher C. Rowe
- Epilepsy Research Centre; University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew P. Morokoff
- Department of Surgery; University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - James A. King
- Department of Surgery; University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Gavin C. Fabinyi
- Department of Surgery; University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew H. Kaye
- Department of Surgery; University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology; Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology; Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Samuel F. Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre; University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program; Austin Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Terence J. O'Brien
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology; Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology; Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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12
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Whitehead CA, Nguyen HPT, Morokoff AP, Luwor RB, Paradiso L, Kaye AH, Mantamadiotis T, Stylli SS. Inhibition of Radiation and Temozolomide-Induced Invadopodia Activity in Glioma Cells Using FDA-Approved Drugs. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:1406-1418. [PMID: 30219696 PMCID: PMC6140414 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common primary central nervous system tumor in adults is the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The highly invasive nature of GBM cells is a significant factor resulting in the inevitable tumor recurrence and poor patient prognosis. Tumor cells utilize structures known as invadopodia to faciliate their invasive phenotype. In this study, utilizing an array of techniques, including gelatin matrix degradation assays, we show that GBM cell lines can form functional gelatin matrix degrading invadopodia and secrete matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), a known invadopodia-associated matrix-degrading enzyme. Furthermore, these cellular activities were augmented in cells that survived radiotherapy and temozolomide treatment, indicating that surviving cells may possess a more invasive phenotype posttherapy. We performed a screen of FDA-approved agents not previously used for treating GBM patients with the aim of investigating their "anti-invadopodia" and cytotoxic effects in GBM cell lines and identified a number that reduced cell viability, as well as agents which also reduced invadopodia activity. Importantly, two of these, pacilitaxel and vinorelbine tartrate, reduced radiation/temozolomide-induced invadopodia activity. Our data demonstrate the value of testing previously approved drugs (repurposing) as potential adjuvant agents for the treatment of GBM patients to reduce invadopodia activity, inhibit GBM cell invasion, and potentially improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa A Whitehead
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Hong P T Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Lucia Paradiso
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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13
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Mao L, Whitehead CA, Paradiso L, Kaye AH, Morokoff AP, Luwor RB, Stylli SS. Enhancement of invadopodia activity in glioma cells by sublethal doses of irradiation and temozolomide. J Neurosurg 2018; 129:598-610. [DOI: 10.3171/2017.5.jns17845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEGlioblastoma is the most common primary central nervous system tumor in adults. These tumors are highly invasive and infiltrative and result in tumor recurrence as well as an extremely poor patient prognosis. The current standard of care involves surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, previous studies have suggested that glioblastoma cells that survive treatment are potentially more invasive. The goal of this study was to investigate whether this increased phenotype in surviving cells is facilitated by actin-rich, membrane-based structures known as invadopodia.METHODSA number of commercially available cell lines and glioblastoma cell lines obtained from patients were initially screened for the protein expression levels of invadopodia regulators. Gelatin-based zymography was also used to establish their secretory protease profile. The effects of radiation and temozolomide treatment on the glioblastoma cells were then investigated with cell viability, Western blotting, gelatin-based zymography, and invadopodia matrix degradation assays.RESULTSThe authors’ results show that the glioma cells used in this study express a number of invadopodia regulators, secrete MMP-2, and form functional matrix-degrading invadopodia. Cells that were treated with radiotherapy and temozolomide were observed to show an increase primarily in the activation of MMP-2. Importantly, this also resulted in a significant enhancement in the invadopodia-facilitated matrix-degrading ability of the cells, along with an increase in the percentage of cells with invadopodia after radiation and temozolomide treatment.CONCLUSIONSThe data from this study suggest that the increased invasive phenotype that has been previously observed in glioma cells posttreatment is mediated by invadopodia. The authors propose that if the formation or activity of these structures can be disrupted, they could potentially serve as a viable target for developing novel adjuvant therapeutic strategies that can be used in conjunction with the current treatment protocols in combatting the invasive phenotype of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Mao
- 1Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital; and
| | - Clarissa A. Whitehead
- 1Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital; and
| | - Lucia Paradiso
- 1Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital; and
| | - Andrew H. Kaye
- 1Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital; and
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Morokoff
- 1Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital; and
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney B. Luwor
- 1Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital; and
| | - Stanley S. Stylli
- 1Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital; and
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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14
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West AJ, Tsui V, Stylli SS, Nguyen HPT, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Luwor RB. The role of interleukin-6-STAT3 signalling in glioblastoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4095-4104. [PMID: 30250528 PMCID: PMC6144698 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common type of malignant brain tumor among adults and is currently a non-curable disease due primarily to its highly invasive phenotype, and the lack of successful current therapies. Despite surgical resection and post-surgical treatment patients ultimately develop recurrence of the tumour. Several signalling molecules have been implicated in the development, progression and aggressiveness of glioblastoma. The present study reviewed the role of interleukin (IL)-6, a cytokine known to be important in activating several pro-oncogenic signaling pathways in glioblastoma. The current study particularly focused on the contribution of IL-6 in recurrent glioblastoma, with particular focus on glioblastoma stem cells and resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J West
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Vanessa Tsui
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Hong P T Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
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15
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Ma C, Nguyen HPT, Luwor RB, Stylli SS, Gogos A, Paradiso L, Kaye AH, Morokoff AP. A comprehensive meta-analysis of circulation miRNAs in glioma as potential diagnostic biomarker. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189452. [PMID: 29444091 PMCID: PMC5812551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant intracranial tumour. Recently, several publications have suggested that miRNAs can be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers of glioma. Here we performed a meta-analysis to identify the diagnostic accuracy of differentially expressed circulating miRNAs in gliomas. Using PubMed, Medline and Cochrane databases, we searched for studies which evaluated a single or panel of miRNAs from circulating blood as potential biomarkers of glioma. Sixteen publications involving 23 studies of miRNAs from serum or plasma met our criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled diagnostic parameters were calculated by random effect models and overall diagnostic performance of altered miRNAs was illustrated by the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curves. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) from each study were calculated. The pooled PLR, NLR and Diagnostic Odds Ratio were 6.39 (95% CI, 4.61-8.87), 0.15 (95% CI, 0.11-0.21) and 41.91 (95% CI, 23.15-75.88), respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82-0.91), 0.86 (95% CI, 0.82-0.90) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91-0.95), respectively. This meta-analysis demonstrated that circulating miRNAs are capable of distinguishing glioma from healthy controls. Circulating miRNAs are promising diagnostic biomarkers for glioma and can potentially be used as a non-invasive early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai Ma
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong P. T. Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney B. Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley S. Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Gogos
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucia Paradiso
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew H. Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: ,
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16
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Doolan BJ, Paldor I, Mitchell PJ, Morokoff AP. First line direct access for transarterial embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula: Case report and literature review. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 48:214-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Nguyen HPT, Morokoff AP, Stylli SS, Kaye AH, Luwor RB. Peripheral biomarkers in glioblastoma patients—is it all just HOTAIR? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.21037/ncri.2018.05.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Tully PA, Gogos AJ, Love C, Liew D, Drummond KJ, Morokoff AP. Reoperation for Recurrent Glioblastoma and Its Association With Survival Benefit. Neurosurgery 2017; 79:678-689. [PMID: 27409404 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite current treatment, recurrence is inevitable. There are no clear guidelines for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. OBJECTIVE To investigate factors at initial surgery predictive of reoperation, and the prognostic variables associated with survival, including reoperation for recurrence. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed, including adult patients diagnosed with glioblastoma between January 2010 and December 2013. Student t test and Fisher exact test compared continuous and categorical variables between reoperation and nonreoperation groups. Univariable and Cox regression multivariable analysis was performed. RESULTS In a cohort of 204 patients with de novo glioblastoma, 49 (24%) received reoperation at recurrence. The median overall survival in the reoperation group was 20.1 months compared with 9.0 months in the nonreoperation group (P = .001). Reoperation was associated with longer overall survival in our total population (hazard ratio, 0.646; 95% confidence interval, 0.543-0.922; P = .016) but subject to selection bias. Subgroup analyses excluding patients unlikely to be considered for reoperation suggested a much less significant effect of reoperation on survival, which warrants further study with larger cohorts. Factors at initial surgery predictive for reoperation were younger age, smaller tumor size, initial extent of resection ≥50%, shorter inpatient stay, and maximal initial adjuvant therapy. When unfavorable patient characteristics are excluded, reoperation is not an independent predictor of survival. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing reoperation have favorable prognostic characteristics, which may be responsible for the survival difference observed. We recommend that a large clinical registry be developed to better aid consistent and homogenous data collection. ABBREVIATIONS ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology GroupEOR, extent of resectionIDH-1, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1IP, inpatientMGMT, O-methylguanine methyltransferaseOS, overall survivalPFS, progression-free survivalRMH, Royal Melbourne Hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Tully
- *Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;‡The University of Notre Dame Australia, School of Medicine, Melbourne Clinical School, Werribee, Victoria;§The Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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20
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Brown DV, Filiz G, Daniel PM, Hollande F, Dworkin S, Amiridis S, Kountouri N, Ng W, Morokoff AP, Mantamadiotis T. Expression of CD133 and CD44 in glioblastoma stem cells correlates with cell proliferation, phenotype stability and intra-tumor heterogeneity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172791. [PMID: 28241049 PMCID: PMC5328356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a heterogeneous tumor of the brain with a poor prognosis due to recurrence and drug resistance following therapy. Genome-wide profiling has revealed the existence of distinct GBM molecular subtypes that respond differently to aggressive therapies. Despite this, molecular subtype does not predict recurrence or drug resistance and overall survival is similar across subtypes. One of the key features contributing to tumor recurrence and resistance to therapy is proposed to be an underlying subpopulation of resistant glioma stem cells (GSC). CD133 expression has been used as a marker of GSCs, however recent evidence suggests the relationship between CD133 expression, GSCs and molecular subtype is more complex than initially proposed. The expression of CD133, Olig2 and CD44 was investigated using patient derived glioma stem-like cells (PDGCs) in vitro and in vivo. Different PDGCs exhibited a characteristic equilibrium of distinct CD133+ and CD44+ subpopulations and the influence of environmental factors on the intra-tumor equilibrium of CD133+ and CD44+ cells in PDGCs was also investigated, with hypoxia inducing a CD44+ to CD133+ shift and chemo-radiotherapy inducing a CD133+ to CD44+ shift. These data suggest that surveillance and modulation of intra-tumor heterogeneity using molecular markers at initial surgery and surgery for recurrent GBM may be important for more effective management of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gulay Filiz
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul M Daniel
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Amiridis
- Department of Surgery (RMH), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Kountouri
- Department of Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne Ng
- Department of Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Bennett IE, Field KM, Hovens CM, Moffat BA, Rosenthal MA, Drummond K, Kaye AH, Morokoff AP. Early perfusion MRI predicts survival outcome in patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab and carboplatin. J Neurooncol 2016; 131:321-329. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Ching J, Amiridis S, Stylli SS, Bjorksten AR, Kountouri N, Zheng T, Paradiso L, Luwor RB, Morokoff AP, O'Brien TJ, Kaye AH. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone increases functional expression of the glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in human glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21301-14. [PMID: 26046374 PMCID: PMC4673266 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma cells release glutamate through expression of system xc-, which exchanges intracellular glutamate for extracellular cysteine. Lack of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) expression maintains high extracellular glutamate levels in the glioma microenvironment, causing excitotoxicity to surrounding parenchyma. Not only does this contribute to the survival and proliferation of glioma cells, but is involved in the pathophysiology of tumour-associated epilepsy (TAE). We investigated the role of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone in modulating EAAT2 expression in glioma cells. We found that EAAT2 expression was increased in a dose dependent manner in both U87MG and U251MG glioma cells. Extracellular glutamate levels were reduced with the addition of pioglitazone, where statistical significance was reached in both U87MG and U251MG cells at a concentration of ≥ 30 μM pioglitazone (p < 0.05). The PPARγ antagonist GW9662 inhibited the effect of pioglitazone on extracellular glutamate levels, indicating PPARγ dependence. In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced cell viability of U87MG and U251MG cells at ≥ 30 μM and 100 μM (p < 0.05) respectively. GW9662 also significantly reduced viability of U87MG and U251MG cells with 10 μM and 30 μM (p < 0.05) respectively. The effect on viability was partially dependent on PPARγ activation in U87MG cells but not U251MG cells, whereby PPARγ blockade with GW9662 had a synergistic effect. We conclude that PPARγ agonists may be therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of gliomas and furthermore suggest a novel role for these agents in the treatment of tumour associated seizures through the reduction in extracellular glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Ching
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Amiridis
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew R Bjorksten
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Kountouri
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Zheng
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy Paradiso
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Areeb Z, Stylli SS, Ware TMB, Harris NC, Shukla L, Shayan R, Paradiso L, Li B, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Luwor RB. Inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by the proteasome antagonist carfilzomib. Med Oncol 2016; 33:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Brown DV, Daniel PM, D'Abaco GM, Gogos A, Ng W, Morokoff AP, Mantamadiotis T. Coexpression analysis of CD133 and CD44 identifies proneural and mesenchymal subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6267-80. [PMID: 25749043 PMCID: PMC4467436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the stem cell markers CD133 and CD44 indicate molecular subtype in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Gene coexpression analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas GBM dataset was undertaken to compare markers of the Glioblastoma Stem-Progenitor Cell (GSPC) phenotype. Pearson correlation identified genes coexpressed with stem cell markers, which were then used to build a gene signature that classifies patients based on a CD133 coexpression module signature (CD133-M) or CD44-M subtype. CD133-M tumors were enriched for the Proneural (PN) GBM subtype compared to Mesenchymal (MES) subtype for CD44-M tumors. Gene set enrichment identified DNA replication/cell cycle genes in the CD133-M and invasion/migration in CD44-M, while functional experiments showed enhanced cellular growth in CD133 expressing cells and enhanced invasion in cells expressing CD44. As with the 4 major molecular subtypes of GBM, there was no long-term survival difference between CD44-M and CD133-M patients, although CD44-M patients responded better to temozolomide while CD133-M patients benefited from radiotherapy. The use of a targeted coexpression approach to predict functional properties of surface marker expressing cells is novel, and in the context of GBM, supports accumulating evidence that CD133 and CD44 protein marker expression correlates with molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul M Daniel
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Giovanna M D'Abaco
- Department of Surgery (RMH), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Gogos
- Department of Surgery (RMH), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne Ng
- Department of Surgery (RMH), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery (RMH), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Siegal T, Charbit H, Paldor I, Zelikovitch B, Canello T, Benis A, Wong ML, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Lavon I. Dynamics of circulating hypoxia-mediated miRNAs and tumor response in patients with high-grade glioma treated with bevacizumab. J Neurosurg 2016; 125:1008-1015. [PMID: 26799295 DOI: 10.3171/2015.8.jns15437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bevacizumab is an antiangiogenic agent under investigation for use in patients with high-grade glioma. It produces a high rate of radiological response; however, this response should be interpreted with caution because it may reflect normalization of the tumor vasculature and not necessarily a true antitumor effect. The authors previously demonstrated that 4 hypoxia-mediated microRNAs (miRNA)-miR-210, miR-21, miR-10b, and miR-196b-are upregulated in glioma as compared with normal brain tissue. The authors hypothesized that the regulation and expression of these miRNAs would be altered in response to bevacizumab treatment. The object of this study was to perform longitudinal monitoring of circulating miRNA levels in patients undergoing bevacizumab treatment and to correlate it with tumor response. METHODS A total of 120 serum samples from 28 patients with high-grade glioma were prospectively collected prior to bevacizumab (n = 15) or temozolomide (TMZ; n = 13) treatment and then longitudinally during treatment. Quantification of the 4 miRNAs was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction using total RNA extracted from the serum. At each time point, tumor response was assessed by Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria and by performing MRI using fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and contrast-enhanced images. RESULTS As compared with pretreatment levels, high levels of miR-10b and miR-21 were observed in the majority of patients throughout the bevacizumab treatment period. miR-10b and miR-21 levels correlated negatively and significantly with changes in enhancing tumor diameters (r = -0.648, p < 0.0001) in the bevacizumab group but not in the TMZ group. FLAIR images and the RANO assessment did not correlate with the sum quantification of these miRNAs in either group. CONCLUSIONS Circulating levels of miR-10b and miR-21 probably reflect the antiangiogenic effect of therapy, but their role as biomarkers for tumor response remains uncertain and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Siegal
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Davidoff Institute of Oncology, Rabin Medical Center, Campus Beilinson, Petach Tikva.,Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology and Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics
| | - Hanna Charbit
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology and Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics
| | - Iddo Paldor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; and
| | - Bracha Zelikovitch
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology and Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics
| | - Tamar Canello
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology and Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics
| | - Arriel Benis
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology and Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics
| | | | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Departments of 4 Neurosurgery and.,Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Departments of 4 Neurosurgery and.,Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Iris Lavon
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology and Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics
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26
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Siegal T, Charbit H, Paldor I, Zelikovitch B, Canello T, Mordechai A, Benis A, Wong ML, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Lavon I. CBM-15DYNAMICS OF CIRCULATING HYPOXIA MEDIATED miRNAs AND TUMOR RESPONSE IN HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH BEVACIZUMAB. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov211.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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27
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Areeb Z, Stylli SS, Koldej R, Ritchie DS, Siegal T, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Luwor RB. MicroRNA as potential biomarkers in Glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2015; 125:237-48. [PMID: 26391593 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and lethal tumour of the central nervous system and as such the identification of reliable prognostic and predictive biomarkers for patient survival and tumour recurrence is paramount. MicroRNA detection has rapidly emerged as potential biomarkers, in patients with glioblastoma. Over the last decade, analysis of miRNA in laboratory based studies have yielded several candidates as potential biomarkers however, the accepted use of these candidates in the clinic is yet to be validated. Here we will examine the use of miRNA signatures to improve glioblastoma stratification into subgroups and summarise recent advances made in miRNA examination as potential biomarkers for glioblastoma progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zammam Areeb
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Rachel Koldej
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Haematology and Immunology Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S Ritchie
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Haematology and Immunology Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tali Siegal
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Davidoff Institute of Oncology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tokva, Israel
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.
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28
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Bennett IE, Guo H, Kountouri N, D'abaco GM, Hovens CM, Moffat BA, Desmond P, Drummond K, Kaye AH, Morokoff AP. Preoperative biomarkers of tumour vascularity are elevated in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:1802-8. [PMID: 26308396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the correlation between the circulating and imaging biomarkers of tumour vascularity, and examined whether they are prognostic of outcomes in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Despite the increasing use of anti-angiogenic agents within neuro-oncology, there are still no validated biomarkers to monitor for a treatment response or relapse. The pre- and postoperative circulating endothelial cell (CEC) and progenitor cell (CEP) levels were assessed. Preoperative perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI) was also performed, and the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) histogram statistics of the contrast-enhancing tumour were analysed. A novel PWI parameter (rCBVload) was developed to estimate the total volume of perfused tumour vessels, and it was hypothesised that this parameter would correlate with CEC and CEP concentrations. In total, 24 GBM patients were included. The mean preoperative CEC concentration was significantly higher in GBM patients than the controls (p=0.019), and it then declined significantly postoperatively (p=0.009). The preoperative CEP levels were significantly correlated with the median tumour rCBV (Spearman rank-order coefficient=0.526; p=0.039). Neither CEC nor CEP was correlated with the total tumour vessel volume, as measured by rCBVload. None of the biomarkers that were investigated showed a significant correlation with progression-free or overall survival. We conclude that CEC are potentially useful biomarkers to monitor GBM patients during treatment. We found that CEC are increased in the presence of GBM, and that CEP levels appear to be proportional to tumour vascularity, as measured on PWI. However, in this study, none of the biomarkers of GBM vascularity were highly prognostic of patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan E Bennett
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Nicole Kountouri
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Giovanna M D'abaco
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Christopher M Hovens
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Bradford A Moffat
- Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia Desmond
- Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katharine Drummond
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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29
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Ching J, Amiridis S, Stylli SS, Morokoff AP, O'Brien TJ, Kaye AH. A novel treatment strategy for glioblastoma multiforme and glioma associated seizures: increasing glutamate uptake with PPARγ agonists. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 22:21-8. [PMID: 25439749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The established role of glutamate in the pathogenesis of glioma-associated seizures (GAS) led us to investigate a novel treatment method using an established drug class, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists. Previously, sulfasalazine has been shown to prevent release of glutamate from glioma cells and prevent GAS in rodent models. However, raising protein mediated glutamate transport via excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) has not been investigated previously to our knowledge. PPAR gamma agonists are known to upregulate functional EAAT2 expression in astrocytes and prevent excitotoxicity caused by glutamate excess. These agents are also known to have anti-neoplastic mechanisms. Herein we discuss and review the potential mechanisms of these drugs and highlight a novel potential treatment for GAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Ching
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Stephanie Amiridis
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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30
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Liubinas SV, D'Abaco GM, Moffat BM, Gonzales M, Feleppa F, Nowell CJ, Gorelik A, Drummond KJ, O'Brien TJ, Kaye AH, Morokoff AP. IDH1 mutation is associated with seizures and protoplasmic subtype in patients with low-grade gliomas. Epilepsia 2014; 55:1438-43. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon V. Liubinas
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
- The Department of Surgery (RMH); The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Giovanna M. D'Abaco
- The Department of Surgery (RMH); The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Bradford M. Moffat
- The Department of Radiology (RMH/WH); The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Michael Gonzales
- Department of Pathology; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Frank Feleppa
- Department of Pathology; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Cameron J. Nowell
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Alexandra Gorelik
- The Melbourne Epicentre; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Katharine J. Drummond
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
- The Department of Surgery (RMH); The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Terence J. O'Brien
- The Department of Medicine (RMH); The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Neurology; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew H. Kaye
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
- The Department of Surgery (RMH); The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew P. Morokoff
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
- The Department of Surgery (RMH); The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
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31
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Liubinas SV, Drummond KJ, Desmond PM, Bjorksten A, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, O'Brien TJ, Moffat BA. Glutamate quantification in patients with supratentorial gliomas using chemical shift imaging. NMR Biomed 2014; 27:570-577. [PMID: 24664947 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and validate chemical shift imaging (CSI) for in vivo glutamate (Glu) quantification in patients with supratentorial gliomas. If validated, CSI could become an extremely useful tool to investigate metabolic dysfunction of Glu in excitotoxic neuropathologies. Quantitative CSI estimates of Glu concentrations were compared with known concentrations of Glu in aqueous phantom solutions. Forty-one patients with known or likely supratentorial gliomas underwent preoperative CSI. The spectra obtained were analyzed for Glu concentrations and Glu to creatine (Cr) ratios. These in vivo measurements were correlated against ex vivo Glu content quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measured in 65 resected brain tumor and peritumoral brain specimens. For the phantom solutions the CSI estimates of Glu concentration and the Glu/Cr ratios were highly correlated with known Glu concentration (r² = 0.95, p = 0.002, and r² = 0.97, p < 0.0001, respectively). There was a modest, but statistically significant, correlation between the ex vivo measured Glu and in vivo spectroscopic Glu concentration (r² = 0.22, p = 0.04) and ratios of Glu to Cr (r² = 0.30, p = 0.002). Quantitative measurement of Glu content is feasible in patients with supratentorial gliomas using CSI. The in vitro and in vivo results suggest that this has the potential to be a reliable quantitative imaging assay for brain tumor patients. This may have wide clinical research applications in a number of neurological disorders where Glu excitotoxicity and metabolic dysfunction are known to play a role in pathogenesis, including tumor associated epilepsy, epilepsy, stroke and neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Liubinas
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
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32
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Liubinas SV, O'Brien TJ, Moffat BM, Drummond KJ, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH. Tumour associated epilepsy and glutamate excitotoxicity in patients with gliomas. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 21:899-908. [PMID: 24746886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumour associated epilepsy (TAE) is common, debilitating and often not successfully controlled by surgical resection of the tumour and administration of multiple anti-epileptic drugs. It represents a cause of significant lost quality of life in an incurable disease and is therefore an important subject for ongoing research. The pathogenesis of TAE is likely to be multifactorial and involve, on the microscopic level, the interaction of genetic factors, changes in the peritumoural microenvironment, alterations in synaptic neurotransmitter release and re-uptake, and the excitotoxic effects of glutamate. On a macroscopic level, the occurrence of TAE is likely to be influenced by tumour size, location and interaction with environmental factors. The optimal treatment of TAE requires a multi-disciplinary approach with input from neurosurgeons, neurologists, radiologists, pathologists and basic scientists. This article reviews the current literature regarding the incidence, treatment, and aetiology of TAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon V Liubinas
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Surgery (RMH/WH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine (RMH/WH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bradford M Moffat
- Department of Radiology (RMH/WH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katharine J Drummond
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Surgery (RMH/WH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Surgery (RMH/WH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Surgery (RMH/WH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Atkins RJ, Dimou J, Paradiso L, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Drummond KJ, Hovens CM. Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) by the Akt pathway in gliomas. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:1558-63. [PMID: 22999562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are aggressive brain tumours that, despite advances in multimodal therapies, continue to portend a dismal prognosis. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most aggressive glioma and patients have a median survival of 14 months, even with the best available treatments. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are dysregulated in a number of cancers, and these two pathways share a common node protein, GSK-3β. This protein is responsible for the regulation/degradation of β-catenin, which reduces β-catenin's translocation to the nucleus and influences the subsequent transcription of oncogenes. The non-specific small-molecule GSK-3β inhibitor, lithium chloride (LiCl), and the specific Akt inhibitor, AktX, were used to treat U87MG and U87MG.Δ2-7 human glioma cell lines. LiCl treatment significantly affected cell morphology of U87MG and U87MG.Δ2-7 cells, while also increasing levels of phospho-GSK-3β in a dose-dependent manner. Increased cell proliferation was observed at low-to-mid LiCl concentrations as determined by MTT cell growth assays. Treatment of U87MG and U87MG.Δ2-7 cells with AktX resulted in reduced levels of phospho-GSK-3β through its inhibition of Akt, in addition to decreased levels of phosphorylated (active) Akt in a dose-dependent fashion. We have shown in this study that GSK-3β regulation by phosphorylation is important for cell morphology and growth, and that LiCl enhances growth of U87MG and U87MG.Δ2-7 cells by inhibiting GSK-3β through its phosphorylation, whereas AktX reduces growth via activation of GSK-3β by inhibiting Akt's kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Atkins
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia.
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Yuen TI, Morokoff AP, Bjorksten A, D'Abaco G, Paradiso L, Finch S, Wong D, Reid CA, Powell KL, Drummond KJ, Rosenthal MA, Kaye AH, O'Brien TJ. Glutamate is associated with a higher risk of seizures in patients with gliomas. Neurology 2012; 79:883-9. [PMID: 22843268 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318266fa89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of glutamate and glutamate transporter expression in human gliomas and surrounding peritumoral brain to the presence of tumor-associated seizures (TAS). METHODS We studied a retrospective (group 1: 190 patients) and then a prospective (group 2: 98 patients) cohort of patients who underwent a craniotomy for a supratentorial glioma. Tumor and peritumor tissue specimens were assayed for glutamate concentration and expression of glial glutamate transporters. Differences between the seizure (TAS) and seizure-free (non-TAS) groups were compared. RESULTS A total of 42% of patients had TAS, with 95% of seizures first occurring preoperatively. Clinical factors independently associated with risk of TAS were younger age, temporal lobe location, and tumors with oligodendroglial components. Molecular features in tumor specimens associated with TAS were higher glutamate concentrations, reduced EAAT2 expression, and increased system X(c)(-) expression. In group 2, these results were also replicated in the peritumor tissue. Logistic regression analysis identified raised glutamate concentrations in tumor and peritumor tissue, increased expression of peritumor system X(c)(-), younger age, temporal lobe location, and tumors with oligodendroglial components as independently predictive of preoperative seizures. CONCLUSION Relative increased glutamate concentration in gliomas, and altered glutamate transporter expression, are associated with the presence of TAS and may play a mechanistic role in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya I Yuen
- Departments of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Liubinas SV, Morokoff AP. An unusual cause of skull and cervical spine mass lesions. J Clin Neurosci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liubinas SV, Morokoff AP. An unusual cause of skull and cervical spine masses. Multiple myeloma. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18:945-1005. [PMID: 21789782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon V Liubinas
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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Dimou J, Jithoo R, Tsui A, Morokoff AP. Spinal cord compression as the initial presentation of acute biphenotypic leukaemia. J Clin Neurosci 2009; 16:1696-8. [PMID: 19815414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute biphenotypic leukaemia (BAL) is an uncommon haematological malignancy with features of myeloid and lymphoid origin and poor overall prognosis. We report a 68-year-old man who presented with rapidly progressive upper thoracic spinal cord compression secondary to an extradural lesion. A T2-3 decompressive laminectomy with tumour excision was performed. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of acute biphenotypic (B/myeloid) leukaemia. The patient had only minor post-operative improvement in pyramidal lower limb weakness. He succumbed to the disease three months post-diagnosis after failing induction chemotherapy. While central nervous system involvement with acute leukaemia is well recognised, this is the first reported patient with spinal cord compression secondary to this leukaemia subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dimou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meningiomas that occur over the convexity of the brain are the most common meningiomas, but little has been published about their contemporary management. We aimed to analyze a large series of convexity meningiomas with respect to surgical technique, complication rates, and pathological factors leading to recurrence. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 163 cases of convexity meningiomas operated on in our institution by the senior author (PMB) between 1986 and 2005. The median follow-up time was 2.3 years (range, 1-13 yr). RESULTS Convexity tumors represented 22% of all meningiomas operated on. There was a female:male ratio of 2.7:1. Median age was 57 years (range, 20-89 yr). Image-guided surgery was used on all cases in the last 5 years. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%. The incidence of new neurological deficits was 1.7%, and the overall complication rate was 9.4%. The pathology of the tumors was benign in 144 (88.3%), atypical in 16 (9.8%), and anaplastic/malignant in 3 (1.8%). In six of the cases designated "benign," there were borderline atypical features. The 5-year recurrence rate for benign meningiomas was 1.8%, atypical meningiomas 27.2%, and anaplastic meningiomas 50%. The two cases of benign tumor recurrences involved tumors with borderline atypia and high MIB-1 indices. The borderline atypical cases had a 5-year recurrence-free survival rate of only 55.9%, more closely approximating that of tumors designated "atypical." CONCLUSION Convexity meningiomas can be safely removed using modern image-guided minimally invasive surgical techniques with a very low operative mortality. Benign convexity meningiomas having a Simpson Grade I complete excision have a very low recurrence rate. The recurrence rates of atypical and malignant tumors are significantly higher, and borderline atypical tumors should be considered to behave more like atypical rather than benign lesions. Longer-term follow-up data are needed to more accurately determine the recurrence rates of benign meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Extra-axial tumors of the cerebral convexity and midline include both convexity and parasagittal meningiomas; they are the most common tumors of the cranial vault and are the principal topic of this article. Over the past 30 years, neurosurgery has witnessed steady change in both technological capacity and in conceptualization of certain diseases. Meningiomas are good examples of this change. Although cranial base meningiomas have received the most attention in the past two decades, the management of cranial vault meningiomas has also changed significantly. Particular issues include decisions about when to treat, deciding between surgery and radiosurgery, increasing use of image-guided surgery, the understanding of the biology of these tumors, and changing attitudes in the management of the sagittal sinus. These issues exemplify the changing biological, conceptual, and technological concepts that characterize contemporary neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Black
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Abstract
The identification of markers that are associated with tumour but not normal tissue has allowed the development of highly-specific targeted therapies. Monoclonal antibodies, either alone or linked to radioisotopes or toxins, have provided a powerful tool for research, as well as the basis for promising therapeutic agents with less side effects than standard radiotherapy or chemotherapy. A new class of drugs, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which interfere with the function of key molecules in cancer-promoting pathways, have had a dramatic effect in haematological malignancy and are being trialled in solid tumours, including glioma. Although the problem of achieving specific, high-level delivery of these various agents to tumours in the brain remains a major issue, encouraging early results with some targeted agents support the attractive theoretical principles of this new paradigm. Further work to identify new molecular targets and to develop agents exploiting them, is needed, as well as confirmation of their safety and efficacy by clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Brown JY, Morokoff AP, Mitchell PJ, Gonzales MF. Unusual imaging appearance of an intracranial dermoid cyst. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001; 22:1970-2. [PMID: 11733334 PMCID: PMC7973852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial dermoid cysts have characteristic CT and MR imaging findings that generally make preoperative diagnosis straightforward. Enhancement of uncomplicated intradural dermoid cysts on CT or MR studies has been reported but is rare. We present a case of a posterior fossa dermoid cyst that was not only hyperattenuating on CT scans but also contained a mural nodule with clear evidence of enhancement on MR images.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Brown
- Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital & University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Spinal cord herniation is a rare condition that has become increasingly recognised in the last few years. The authors report a case of idiopathic spinal cord herniation in a 33 year old woman who presented with progressive Brown-Sequard syndrome. The diagnosis was made on MR imaging. After repairing the herniation the patient made a gradual improvement. Potential causes are discussed, including the possible role of dural tethering. In conclusion, idiopathic spinal cord herniation is a potentially treat able condition that should be more readily diagnosed with increased awareness and newer imaging techniques such as high resolution MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Morokoff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
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