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Powell K, Fox NJ, Bhanbhro S, Chauhan A, Z AG, Jackson K, Paton A, Salway S. Sociologists in public health: marginal observers or mainstream collaborators? Perspect Public Health 2024; 144:72-74. [PMID: 38497921 PMCID: PMC10916339 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231204245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- K Powell
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - NJ Fox
- Department of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - S Bhanbhro
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Chauhan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - A Goldschmied Z
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Jackson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Paton
- Centre for Health and Society, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - S Salway
- Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Chauhan A, Parmar M, Rajesham JD, Shukla S, Sahoo KC, Chauhan S, Chitiboyina S, Sinha A, Srigana G, Gorla M, Pati S. Landscaping tuberculosis multimorbidity: findings from a cross-sectional study in India. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:453. [PMID: 38350875 PMCID: PMC10863254 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity, the concurrent presence of two or more chronic conditions is an emerging public health challenge. Till date, most of the research have focused on the presence and interaction of selected co-morbidities in tuberculosis (TB). There exist a critical knowledge gap on the magnitude of multimorbidity among TB patients and its impact on health outcomes. METHODS We undertook a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity among newly diagnosed TB patients in two states of India. A total of 323 patients were interviewed using a structured multimorbidity assessment questionnaire for primary care (MAQ-PC). MAQ-PC is already validated for Indian population and elicits 22 chronic conditions. We defined TB multimorbidity as the co-existence of TB with one or more chronic conditions and identified commonly occurring dyads (TB + single condition) and triads (TB + two conditions). RESULTS More than half (52%) of TB patients reported multimorbidity. Among dyads, depression, diabetes mellitus (DM), acid peptic disease (APD), hypertension, chronic alcoholism, arthritis and chronic back ache (CBA) were the most common co-occurring conditions while 'DM + arthritis', 'depression + APD', 'depression + DM' were the most commonly occurring triads among TB patients. Factors such as increasing age, low levels of education, alcohol abusers, drug-resistant TB and having health insurance were significantly associated with multimorbidity among TB patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest high prevalence of multimorbidity among newly diagnosed TB patients in India. The presence of concordant and discordant conditions with TB may increase the health complexity, thus necessitating appropriate care protocols. Given, the current situation, wherein TB and non-communicable diseases (NCD) services are delivered through collaborative framework between programmes, there is a need for addressing multimorbidity at the healthcare delivery level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chauhan
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - M Parmar
- World Health Organization, Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - J D Rajesham
- State Tuberculosis Cell, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S Shukla
- World Health Organization, National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme - Technical Support Network, New Delhi, India
| | - K C Sahoo
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S Chauhan
- World Health Organization, National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme - Technical Support Network, New Delhi, India
| | - S Chitiboyina
- State TB Training and Demonstration Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - A Sinha
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - G Srigana
- World Health Organization, National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme - Technical Support Network, New Delhi, India
| | - M Gorla
- World Health Organization, National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme - Technical Support Network, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Sarkar VK, De UK, Kala A, Chauhan A, Verma AK, Paul BR, Soni S, Chaudhuri P, Patra MK, Gaur GK. Effects of oral probiotic and lactoferrin interventions on iron-zinc homeostasis, oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium and diarrhoea incidence of neonatal piglets. Benef Microbes 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37026367 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of early-life host specific probiotic and lactoferrin (LF) supplementations on diarrhoea incidence, iron (Fe)-zinc (Zn) balance and antioxidant capabilities in serum of neonatal piglets. A total of eight sow litters obtained from parity matched sows were randomly divided into four groups and assigned to one of the four interventions: control (2.0 ml normal saline), bovine lactoferrin (bLF) (100 mg bLF in normal saline), probiotic (Pb) (1×109 cfu of swine origin Pediococcus acidilactici FT28 strain) and bLF+Pb (both 100 mg bLF and 1×109 cfu of P. acidilactici FT28). All the piglets received supplementations once daily orally for first 7 days of life. The incidence of diarrhoea markedly decreased in bLF group compared to control group. Notably, no incidences of diarrhoea were recorded in Pb and bLF+Pb groups. The Zn and Fe concentrations were significantly increased from day 7 to 21 in bLF and on day 21 in bLF+Pb group. No such changes were noted in Pb group. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in serum was significantly increased on days 7 and 15 in bLF group and on days 7 and 21 in bLF+Pb group. Malonaldehyde concentration was markedly reduced from day 7 to 21 in bLF and bLF+Pb groups. The concentrations of nitrate on days 15 and 21 and malonaldehyde on day 7 were significantly higher in Pb group, but mean TAC was unaltered from day 0 to 21. Although no correlation between the incidence of diarrhoea and Zn/Fe and oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis was noted in the Pb group, the supplementation of P. acidilactici FT28 alone was sufficient to prevent the incidence of diarrhoea in neonatal piglets. Taken together, it is concluded that strategic supplementation of P. acidilactici FT28 in early life could help in preventing diarrhoea until weaning of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Sarkar
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - U K De
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - A Kala
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - A Chauhan
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - A K Verma
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - B R Paul
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - S Soni
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - P Chaudhuri
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - M K Patra
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
| | - G K Gaur
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122 (UP), India
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Bhateja A, Bodh V, Chauhan A. Role of nutrition in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: Do we know all? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:664. [PMID: 36680787 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bhateja
- Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - V Bodh
- Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - A Chauhan
- Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
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Gaganidze E, Chauhan A, Aktaa J. Corrigendum to ‘Fracture-mechanical behaviour of ITER grade tungsten subjected to three different rolling processes’. Fusion Engineering and Design 184 (2022) 113300. Fusion Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gaganidze E, Chauhan A, Aktaa J. Fracture-mechanical behaviour of ITER grade tungsten subjected to three different rolling processes. Fusion Engineering and Design 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rastogi M, Gandhi A, Khurana R, Poojari A, Srivastava S, Srivastava A, Bharati A, Mishra S, Chauhan A. Prospective Evaluation of Role of Hybrid Approach Brachytherapy with MRI Only at First Fraction Followed by CT Based IGBT in Subsequent Sessions in Cervical Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chow Z, Johnson J, Chauhan A, Izumi T, Cavnar M, Weiss H, Anthony L, Evers B, Rychahou P. Inhibition of Ribonucleotide Reductase Subunit 2 (RRM2) Induces Radiosensitization in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ramasawmy M, Poole L, Thorlu-Bangura Z, Chauhan A, Murali M, Jagpal P, Bijral M, Prashar J, G-Medhin A, Murray E, Stevenson F, Blandford A, Potts HWW, Khunti K, Hanif W, Gill P, Sajid M, Patel K, Sood H, Bhala N, Modha S, Mistry M, Patel V, Ali SN, Ala A, Banerjee A. Frameworks for implementation, uptake and use of digital health interventions in ethnic minority populations: a scoping review using cardiometabolic disease as a case study. (Preprint). JMIR Cardio 2022; 6:e37360. [PMID: 35969455 PMCID: PMC9412726 DOI: 10.2196/37360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Digital health interventions have become increasingly common across health care, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health inequalities, particularly with respect to ethnicity, may not be considered in frameworks that address the implementation of digital health interventions. We considered frameworks to include any models, theories, or taxonomies that describe or predict implementation, uptake, and use of digital health interventions. Objective We aimed to assess how health inequalities are addressed in frameworks relevant to the implementation, uptake, and use of digital health interventions; health and ethnic inequalities; and interventions for cardiometabolic disease. Methods SCOPUS, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and gray literature were searched to identify papers on frameworks relevant to the implementation, uptake, and use of digital health interventions; ethnically or culturally diverse populations and health inequalities; and interventions for cardiometabolic disease. We assessed the extent to which frameworks address health inequalities, specifically ethnic inequalities; explored how they were addressed; and developed recommendations for good practice. Results Of 58 relevant papers, 22 (38%) included frameworks that referred to health inequalities. Inequalities were conceptualized as society-level, system-level, intervention-level, and individual. Only 5 frameworks considered all levels. Three frameworks considered how digital health interventions might interact with or exacerbate existing health inequalities, and 3 considered the process of health technology implementation, uptake, and use and suggested opportunities to improve equity in digital health. When ethnicity was considered, it was often within the broader concepts of social determinants of health. Only 3 frameworks explicitly addressed ethnicity: one focused on culturally tailoring digital health interventions, and 2 were applied to management of cardiometabolic disease. Conclusions Existing frameworks evaluate implementation, uptake, and use of digital health interventions, but to consider factors related to ethnicity, it is necessary to look across frameworks. We have developed a visual guide of the key constructs across the 4 potential levels of action for digital health inequalities, which can be used to support future research and inform digital health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Ramasawmy
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Poole
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aneesha Chauhan
- Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mayur Murali
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Parbir Jagpal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mehar Bijral
- University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jai Prashar
- University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail G-Medhin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- eHealth Unit, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Stevenson
- eHealth Unit, Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Blandford
- University College London Interaction Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry W W Potts
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Wasim Hanif
- Department of Diabetes and Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paramjit Gill
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Madiha Sajid
- Patient and Public Involvement Representative, DISC Study (UK), United Kingdom
| | - Kiran Patel
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Harpreet Sood
- Health Education England, London, United Kingdom
- Hurley Group Practice, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neeraj Bhala
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shivali Modha
- Patient and Public Involvement Representative, DISC Study (UK), United Kingdom
| | - Manoj Mistry
- Patient and Public Involvement Representative, DISC Study (UK), United Kingdom
| | - Vinod Patel
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah N Ali
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aftab Ala
- Department of Access and Medicine, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amitava Banerjee
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Mehrotra A, Bhushan B, Kumar A, Panigrahi M, Chauhan A, Kumari S, Saini BL, Dutt T, Mishra BP. Characterisation and comparison of immune response mechanisms in an indigenous and a commercial pig breed after classical swine fever vaccination. Anim Genet 2021; 53:68-79. [PMID: 34729794 DOI: 10.1111/age.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The live attenuated classical swine fever (CSF) vaccine has been successfully used to prevent and control CSF outbreaks for 6 decades. However, the immune response mechanisms against the vaccine remain poorly understood. Moreover, very few reports exist regarding the breed differences in the response to CSF vaccine. In this study, we generated the peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptomes of indigenous Ghurrah and commercial Landrace pig breeds, before and 7 days after CSF vaccination. Subsequently, between and within-breed differential gene expression analyses were carried out. Results revealed large differences in pre-vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome profiles of the two breeds, which were homogenised 7 days after vaccination. Before vaccination, gene set enrichment analysis showed that pathways related to antigen sensing and innate immune response were enriched in Ghurrah, while pathways related to adaptive immunity were enriched in Landrace. Ghurrah exhibited greater immunomodulation compared to Landrace following the vaccination. In Ghurrah, cell-cycle processes and T-cell response pathways were upregulated after vaccination. However, no pathways were upregulated in Landrace after vaccination. Pathways related to inflammation were downregulated in both the breeds after vaccination. Key regulators of inflammation such as IL1A, IL1B, NFKBIA and TNF genes were strongly downregulated in both the breeds after vaccination. Overall, our results have elucidated the mechanisms of host immune response against CSF vaccination in two distinct breeds and revealed common key genes instrumental in the global immune response to the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mehrotra
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - B Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - M Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - A Chauhan
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - S Kumari
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - B L Saini
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - T Dutt
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - B P Mishra
- Animal Biotechnology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnangar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
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Nutalapati S, Yan D, Morgan R, Chauhan A. P63.14 Three Weekly Irinotecan for Refractory/Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Curzen N, Nicholas Z, Stuart B, Wilding S, Hill K, Shambrook J, Eminton Z, Ball D, Barrett C, Johnson L, Nuttall J, Fox K, Connolly D, O'Kane P, Hobson A, Chauhan A, Uren N, Mccann GP, Berry C, Carter J, Roobottom C, Mamas M, Rajani R, Ford I, Douglas P, Hlatky MA. Fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography coronary angiography in the assessment and management of stable chest pain: the FORECAST randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:3844-3852. [PMID: 34269376 PMCID: PMC8648068 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) using computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) determines both the presence of coronary artery disease and vessel-specific ischaemia. We tested whether an evaluation strategy based on FFRCT would improve economic and clinical outcomes compared with standard care. Methods and results Overall, 1400 patients with stable chest pain in 11 centres were randomized to initial testing with CTCA with selective FFRCT (experimental group) or standard clinical care pathways (standard group). The primary endpoint was total cardiac costs at 9 months. Secondary endpoints were angina status, quality of life, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and use of invasive coronary angiography. Randomized groups were similar at baseline. Most patients had an initial CTCA: 439 (63%) in the standard group vs. 674 (96%) in the experimental group, 254 of whom (38%) underwent FFRCT. Mean total cardiac costs were higher by £114 (+8%) in the experimental group, with a 95% confidence interval from −£112 (−8%) to +£337 (+23%), though the difference was not significant (P = 0.10). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events did not differ significantly (10.2% in the experimental group vs. 10.6% in the standard group) and angina and quality of life improved to a similar degree over follow-up in both randomized groups. Invasive angiography was reduced significantly in the experimental group (19% vs. 25%, P = 0.01). Conclusion A strategy of CTCA with selective FFRCT in patients with stable angina did not differ significantly from standard clinical care pathways in cost or clinical outcomes, but did reduce the use of invasive coronary angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Curzen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton.,Coronary Research Group, University Hospital Southampton
| | - Z Nicholas
- Coronary Research Group, University Hospital Southampton
| | - B Stuart
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - S Wilding
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - K Hill
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - J Shambrook
- Cardiothoracic Radiology, University Hospital Southampton
| | - Z Eminton
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - D Ball
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - C Barrett
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - L Johnson
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - J Nuttall
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton
| | - K Fox
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - P O'Kane
- Dorset Heart Centre, University Hospitals Dorset, Bournemouth
| | - A Hobson
- Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth
| | | | - N Uren
- Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh
| | - G P Mccann
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - C Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - J Carter
- University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton on Tees
| | | | - M Mamas
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent
| | - R Rajani
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
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Dattani A, Chauhan A, Dave R, Messahel A. 126 White-Eyed Blowout Fracture in The Paediatric Patient Thought to Be A Head Injury – A Missed Diagnosis. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
White eyed blowout fracture or ‘trapdoor fracture’ is an orbital floor injury caused by blunt force trauma directly to the orbit causing ocular muscle entrapment between fractured bones of the floor of the orbit. It is most commonly encountered in the paediatric patient population and presents acutely with little to no periorbital signs of injury. This serious diagnosis is frequently missed at initial presentation due to a lack of obvious soft tissue pathology, termed “White Eyed” blow out fracture. It is frequently misdiagnosed as a head injury due to presenting nausea and vomiting and failure to examine eye movements.
The authors present a case of a 15-year-old male who suffered blunt force trauma to the orbit and a white eyed blowout fracture ensued. This was not identified in the emergency department and the patient consequently suffered permanent motility deficit of the globe. We outline recommendations for emergency department practitioners to help identify such presentations and see their timely surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dattani
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Chauhan
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dave
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A Messahel
- Princess Royal Hospital, Telford, Telford, United Kingdom
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Chanda A, Chauhan A, Kaur P, Soni A, Sehgal S, Khurana A, Parkash O, Verma Y. P37.11 Assessment of Plasma D-Dimer as a Predictive Biomarker for Treatment Response in Lung Cancer Treated with Radiation Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chauhan A, Chanda A, Kaur P, Soni A, Sehgal S, Khurana A, Verma Y, Parkash O. P30.06 Outcome Differences Amongst Histopathological Variants of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Palliative Radiotherapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rahme J, Rajkomar A, Larach JT, Chauhan A, Smart P, Warrier S. Robotic abdominoperineal resection and posterior vaginectomy - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:2345. [PMID: 32780504 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Rahme
- General Surgery, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Rajkomar
- Department of Surgery, Epworth Freemasons, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J T Larach
- Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Chauhan
- Plastics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Smart
- Surgery, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Warrier
- Colorectal Department, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Chauhan A, Bhatt A. Role of AKT3 in the intrinsic radioresistance of lung adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)31166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chauhan A, Dreta B, Sackstein P, Ahn J, Cheson B. 891MO Role of baseline PET SUVmax in predicting early progression in follicular lymphoma (FL): A single-center retrospective analysis. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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Rajkumar C, Wilks M, Islam J, Ali K, Raftery J, Davies K, Timeyin J, Cheek E, Cohen J, Wright J, Natarajan U, Nicholl C, Dewhurst G, Fonseka M, Slovick D, Maskell P, Mukherjee S, Ali K, Nari R, Qureshi A, Gertner D, Khan Z, Shinh N, Bodmer C, Martin-Marero C, Poullis A, Pollok R, Ala A, Chauhan A, Patel M, Roberts H, Conroy S, McGowan D, Pathansali R, Yau C, Vasileiadis E, Guleri A, Orr D, Aldulami D. Do probiotics prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhoea? Results of a multicentre randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105:280-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Chauhan A, Lovell N, Dubey S. AB1151 COMPLIANCE/CONCORDANCE WITH MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL IN PATIENTS WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS IN COVENTRY. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Connective tissue disorders like Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are multi-organ systemic conditions characterised by disordered immune function. Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) is commonly used for treatment of SLE1and other connective tissue disorders like Sjogren’s syndrome, myositis and Scleroderma. Compliance with drugs remains a significant issue in management of these conditions and varying reports from across the world2,3continue to show significant lack of concordance resulting in increased disease activity and damage.Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the compliance/concordance specifically with MMF treatment among patients attending clinics at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (UHCW)with SLE and other connective tissue disorders.Methods:Ethical approval was obtained through research and development department within the Trust. This is a retrospective study collating non-identifiable hospital pharmacy data in patients who requested the prescription for MMF drug between January 2015 and December2018. Since MMF was required to be prescribed from the hospital (i.e. General practitioners within the region were unable to prescribe it), we have records for all prescriptions for these patients. We extracted information on sample size, frequency of prescription requested and length of follow up. Clinical data were obtained from paper and electronic notes of the patients. Data were analysed using the data analysis tool pack for linear regression, on Microsoft Excel package version 16.29.1.Results:We recruited 144 patients into this study, (74%) of these are females. Age range for this group was 2-89 years, median age was 45 (±11.2) years with a mean (±SD) age of 35.6 (±11.2) years and a disease duration of 8.8 (±6.2) years. 73.1% were White British, the remaining included 8.3% Indian, 5.5% Pakistani, 2.7% Black British, 2% Caucasian, 2.1% Chinese, and 6.3% other. Overall, we had 54 patients with SLE and 90 Patients with other connective tissue disorders. Good compliance (81-100%) with MMF therapy was seen in 49 patients, (34%). Poor compliance (0-20%) was seen in 13 patients, (9%). We found a significant correlation between lack of compliance and risk of flares (r= 0.25,p< 0.002), displayed in Figure 1. We also found a significant difference in compliance patters depending on diagnosis and also on age. SLE patients were 34% less compliant with MMF in comparison to other connective tissue disorders. Demographics suggested the degree of compliance increased with age. Patients between 40-69 years of age were 65% more compliant in comparison to the age 20-39 years (p< 0.002).Conclusion:SLE and connective tissue disorder patients within Coventry continue to have issues relating to compliance/concordance with MMF treatment and this appears to be worse in patients with SLE and in the 20-39 years of age. These patients also appear to be getting flares hence, this remains a major problem in the management of these conditions.References:[1]Gordon C, Amissah-Arthur MB, Gayed M et al. The British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults. Rheumatol 2017; doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex286.[2]Alsowaida N, Alrasheed M, Mayet A, Alsuwaida A and Omair M A. Medication adherence, depression and disease activity among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2018,27(2), 327–332. doi:10.1177/0961203317725585.[3]Chehab G, G M Sauer, J G Richter, R Brinks, R Willers, R Fischer-Betz, B Winkler-Rohlfing, and M Schneider. Medical Adherence in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Germany: Predictors and Reasons for Non-Adherence – a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the LuLa-Cohort.” Lupus (September 2018),1652–60. doi:10.1177/0961203318785245.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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21
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Proctor MJ, Westwood DA, Donahoe S, Chauhan A, Lynch AC, Heriot AG, Sent-Doux K, Creagh T, Frizelle FA, Wakeman CJ. Morbidity associated with the immediate vertical rectus abdominus myocutaneous flap reconstruction after radical pelvic surgery. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:562-568. [PMID: 31713965 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Patients who undergo radical pelvic surgery often have problems with perineal wound healing and pelvic collections. While there is recognition of the perineal morbidity, there also remains uncertainty around the benefit of vertical rectus abdominus myocutaneous (VRAM) flaps due to the balance between primary healing and the complications associated with this form of reconstruction. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with significant flap and donor site related complications following VRAM flap reconstruction for radical pelvic surgery. METHOD A retrospective analysis of VRAM flap related complications was undertaken from prospectively maintained databases for all patients undergoing radical pelvic surgery (2001- 2017) in two cancer centres. RESULTS In all, 154 patients were identified [median age 62 years (range 26-89 years), 80 (52%) men]. Thirty-three (21%) patients experienced significant donor or flap related complications. Major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3) related to the abdominal donor site occurred in nine (6%) patients, while those related to the flap or perineal site occurred in 28 (18%) patients. Only smoking (P = 0.003) and neoadjuvant radiotherapy (P = 0.047) were associated with the development of significant flap related complications on univariate analysis. Flap related complications resulted in a significantly longer hospital stay (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Careful patient selection is required to balance the risks vs the benefits of VRAM flap reconstruction. Immediate VRAM reconstruction in patients undergoing radical pelvic surgery can achieve early healing and stable perineal closure; it has a low but significant morbidity. Major flap related complications are significantly associated with smoking status and neoadjuvant radiotherapy and result in a prolonged length of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Proctor
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D A Westwood
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - S Donahoe
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCullam Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - A Chauhan
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCullam Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - A C Lynch
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCullam Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - A G Heriot
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCullam Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - K Sent-Doux
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - T Creagh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - F A Frizelle
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.,University Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - C J Wakeman
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.,University Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Gabriel G, Anthony L, Chauhan A, El Khouli R. 3:45 PM Abstract No. 232 Efficacy of transarterial bland embolization with concurrent everolimus (EveroEmbo) in the treatment of hepatic metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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23
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Wiffen L, Lodge D, Fox L, Bradley C, Ibrahim W, Bentley K, Cook C, Nutkins K, Brown T, Rupani H, Chauhan A, Bishop L, Hicks A. Patient experience of telephone consultations in the lung cancer pathway. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Garg A, Kumar P, Chauhan A, Kumar P. PO-140: Brain Metastasis-Clinical profile & outcomes of patients treated with Radiotherapy in last 10 years. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(20)30482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Sisodia P, Bhatia R, Bali P, Singh N, Chauhan A, Hooda R, Saxena R, Srivastava M, Prasad K, Vishnubhatla S, Sharma G, Singh M. Aspirin resistance with mortality in patients with ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Gautam S, Chauhan A, Sharma R, Sehgal R, Shirkot CK. Potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for biocontrol of bacterial canker of tomato incited by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:196-203. [PMID: 30878620 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A total of 150 rhizobacteria and endorhizobacteria previously isolated from three different horticultural crops; strawberry, apple and apricot were screened for antagonistic activitiy against Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis. Among them strain S1, exhibiting significantly higher antagonistic and plant growth promoting ability was characterized as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on morphological, biochemical and partial gene sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. B. amyloliquefaciens strain S1 showed maximum growth inhibition of C. michiganensis (12 mm). Moreover, B. amyloliquefaciens strain S1 exhibit significant phosphorus solubilization (94.16 %SEl) and indole acetic acid (27 μg ml-1) production under in vitro conditions. Antagonistic activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain S1 was compared with other four strains KU2S1, R2S(1), RG1(3) and AG1(7) against bacterial canker of tomato under net house conditions. Minimum bacterial canker disease incidence (30.0%) was recorded in B. amyloliquefaciens S1 followed by RG1(3) after 30 days of inoculation. The bio-control efficacy was higher in B. amyloliquefaciens S1 treated plants, followed by RG1(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gautam
- Department of Basic Sciences, Dr YS P University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173 230, HP, India.
| | - A Chauhan
- Department of Soil Science and Water Management , Dr YS P University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173 230, HP, India
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144012, India
| | - R Sehgal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Dr YS P University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173 230, HP, India
| | - C K Shirkot
- Department of Basic Sciences, Dr YS P University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173 230, HP, India
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27
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Chauhan A, Lalor T, Watson S, Adams D, Farrah TE, Anand A, Kimmitt R, Mills NL, Webb DJ, Dhaun N, Kalla R, Adams A, Vatn S, Bonfliglio F, Nimmo E, Kennedy N, Ventham N, Vatn M, Ricanek P, Halfvarson J, Soderhollm J, Pierik M, Torkvist L, Gomollon F, Gut I, Jahnsen J, Satsangi J, Body R, Almashali M, McDowell G, Taylor P, Lacey A, Rees A, Dayan C, Lazarus J, Nelson S, Okosieme O, Corcoran D, Young R, Ciadella P, McCartney P, Bajrangee A, Hennigan B, Collison D, Carrick D, Shaukat A, Good R, Watkins S, McEntegart M, Watt J, Welsh P, Sattar N, McConnachie A, Oldroyd K, Berry C, Parks T, Auckland K, Mentzer AJ, Kado J, Mirabel MM, Kauwe JK, Robson KJ, Mittal B, Steer AC, Hill AVS, Akbar M, Forrester M, Virlan AT, Gilmour A, Wallace C, Paterson C, Reid D, Siebert S, Porter D, Liversidge J, McInnes I, Goodyear C, Athwal V, Pritchett J, Zaitoun A, Irving W, Guha IN, Hanley NA, Hanley KP, Briggs T, Reynolds J, Rice G, Bondet V, Bruce E, Crow Y, Duffy D, Parker B, Bruce I, Martin K, Pritchett J, Aoibheann Mullan M, Llewellyn J, Athwal V, Zeef L, Farrow S, Streuli C, Henderson N, Friedman S, Hanley N, Hanley KP. Scientific Business Abstracts of the 112th Annual Meeting of the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland. QJM 2018; 111:920-924. [PMID: 31222346 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - T Lalor
- From the University of Birmingham
| | - S Watson
- From the University of Birmingham
| | - D Adams
- From the University of Birmingham
| | - T E Farrah
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - A Anand
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - R Kimmitt
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - N L Mills
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - D J Webb
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - N Dhaun
- From the University/British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Edinburgh
| | - R Kalla
- From the University of Edinburgh
| | - A Adams
- From the University of Edinburgh
| | - S Vatn
- Akerhshus University Hospital
| | | | - E Nimmo
- From the University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Pierik
- Maastricht University Medical Centre
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R Body
- From the University of Manchester
| | - M Almashali
- Manchester University Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - A Rees
- From the Cardiff University
| | | | | | | | | | - D Corcoran
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - R Young
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow
| | - P Ciadella
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - P McCartney
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - A Bajrangee
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - B Hennigan
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - D Collison
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - D Carrick
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - A Shaukat
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - R Good
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - S Watkins
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - M McEntegart
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - J Watt
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - P Welsh
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - N Sattar
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - A McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow
| | - K Oldroyd
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital
| | - C Berry
- From the British Heart Foundation (BHF), Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - T Parks
- From the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- University of Oxford
| | | | | | - J Kado
- Fiji Islands Ministry of Health and Medical Services
| | - M M Mirabel
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research
| | | | | | - B Mittal
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
| | - A C Steer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute
| | | | - M Akbar
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - M Forrester
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen
| | - A T Virlan
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - A Gilmour
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - C Wallace
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen
| | - C Paterson
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - D Reid
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen
| | - S Siebert
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - D Porter
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - J Liversidge
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen
| | - I McInnes
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - C Goodyear
- From the Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow
| | - V Athwal
- From the Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust
- University of Manchester
| | | | | | | | | | - N A Hanley
- From the Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust
- University of Manchester
| | | | - T Briggs
- From the Manchester Centre of Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester
| | - J Reynolds
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - G Rice
- From the Manchester Centre of Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester
| | - V Bondet
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur
| | - E Bruce
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - Y Crow
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine
| | - D Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur
| | - B Parker
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - I Bruce
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester
| | - K Martin
- From the University of Manchester
| | | | | | | | - V Athwal
- From the University of Manchester
| | - L Zeef
- From the University of Manchester
| | - S Farrow
- From the University of Manchester
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline
| | | | | | | | - N Hanley
- From the University of Manchester
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chauhan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - L Anthony
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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Baranwal A, Sonwane A, Chauhan A, Panigrahi M, Sharma AK. Quantification and comparison of TLR2 activity in monocyte-derived macrophages of zebu and crossbred cattle. Iran J Vet Res 2018; 19:283-289. [PMID: 30774669 PMCID: PMC6361595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to quantify and compare TLR2 (toll-like receptor 2) activity in monocyte-derived macrophages of zebu (Tharparkar) and crossbred (Holstein-Friesian × Jersey × Brown Swiss × Hariana) cattle. The cells were either induced with Pam3CSK4 or kept as control. The TLR2 activity was quantified in terms of IκB-α inhibitory subunit (NFKBIA) messenger RNA (mRNA) copies using real-time, one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Toll-like receptor 2 activity of induced cells was in the range of 1060421 ± 477937 (n=3) to 3514715 ± 290222 (n=3) copies for Tharparkar cattle (n=7) and in the range of 1365532 ± 47243 (n=3) to 3016510 ± 172340 (n=3) copies for the crossbred cattle (n=7). For uninduced cells, this activity was within the range of 117 ± 51 (n=3) to 293 ± 103 (n=3) copies for the Thraparkar cattle (n=7), and in the range of 182 ± 122 (n=3) to 296 ± 88 (n=3) copies for the crossbred cattle (n=7). The TLR2 activity of induced cells in both groups was found to be significantly higher than that of the respective uninduced cells (P<0.0001). Furthermore, upon comparison, TLR2 activities of induced and uninduced cells of the Tharparkar were not found to be significantly different from those of the crossbred cattle (P=0.8154 and P=0.6670). In the present study, we have quantified and compared, for the first time, TLR2 activity in terms of NFKBIA mRNA copies in monocyte-derived macrophages of Tharparkar and crossbred cattle and found that both have equivalent TLR2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Baranwal
- These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered as first authors
| | - A. Sonwane
- These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered as first authors
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Reilly D, Aksakal G, Gilmour R, Gyorki D, Chauhan A, Webb A, Henderson M. Subungual melanoma: Management in the modern era. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017; 70:1746-1752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Chauhan A, Mynt Z, Arnold S, Grant B, Anthony L. P2.07-051 Immune Checkpoint Associated Cardiotoxicity: An Update. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Myint Z, Chauhan A, Arnold S, Anthony L. P3.15-010 Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia (DIPNECH): Natural History of the Disease Progression and Management. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chauhan A, Burkeen G, Houranieh J, Arnold S, Anthony L. Immune checkpoint-associated cardiotoxicity: case report with systematic review of literature. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:2034-2038. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gangwar RS, Minai-Fleminger Y, Seaf M, Gutgold A, Shikotra A, Barber C, Chauhan A, Holgate S, Bradding P, Howarth P, Eliashar R, Berkman N, Levi-Schaffer F. CD48 on blood leukocytes and in serum of asthma patients varies with severity. Allergy 2017; 72:888-895. [PMID: 27859399 DOI: 10.1111/all.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD48 is a membrane receptor (mCD48) on eosinophils and mast cells and exists in a soluble form (sCD48). CD48 has a pivotal role in murine asthma and in the proinflammatory interactions of mast cells with eosinophils via its ligand CD244. Thus, CD48 might be important in human asthma. METHODS Therefore, two separate cohorts (IL and UK) comprising mild, moderate, and severe asthma and healthy volunteers were evaluated for blood leukocyte mCD48 expression and sCD48 in serum. Asthmatic bronchial biopsies were immunostained for CD48. sCD48 effect on CD244-dependent eosinophil activation was evaluated. RESULTS Eosinophil mCD48 expression was significantly elevated in moderate while downregulated in severe asthma. mCD48 expression on B, T, and NK cells and monocytes in severe asthma was significantly increased. sCD48 levels were significantly higher in mild while reduced in severe asthma. sCD48 optimal cutoff values for differentiating asthma from health were identified as >1482 pg/ml (IL) and >1619 pg/ml (UK). In asthmatic bronchial biopsies, mCD48 was expressed predominantly by eosinophils. sCD48 inhibited anti-CD244-induced eosinophil activation. CONCLUSIONS mCD48 and sCD48 are differentially expressed in the peripheral blood of asthma patients of varying severity. sCD48 inhibits CD244-mediated eosinophil activation. These findings suggest that CD48 may play an important role in human asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Gangwar
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit; Institute for Drug Research; School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Y. Minai-Fleminger
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit; Institute for Drug Research; School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - M. Seaf
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit; Institute for Drug Research; School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - A. Gutgold
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit; Institute for Drug Research; School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - A. Shikotra
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; Institute for Lung Health; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - C. Barber
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit; Southampton General Hospital; Southampton UK
| | - A. Chauhan
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust; Portsmouth UK
| | - S. Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit; Southampton General Hospital; Southampton UK
| | - P. Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; Institute for Lung Health; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - P. Howarth
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit; Southampton General Hospital; Southampton UK
| | - R. Eliashar
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery; Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - N. Berkman
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine; Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - F. Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit; Institute for Drug Research; School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
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Chaudhary R, Chauhan A, Singhal M, Bagga S. Risk factor profiling and study of atherosclerotic coronary plaque burden and morphology with coronary computed tomography angiography in coronary artery disease among young Indians. Int J Cardiol 2017; 240:452-457. [PMID: 28477962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With a decade earlier manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and paucity of data characterizing coronary plaque with coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) among CAD patients in India, the study aimed to analyze patient characteristics and coronary plaque burden and morphology in young Indian patients with CAD. METHODS Serial coronary CTA was performed in 96 CAD patients. Among 60 patients ≤40years, risk factor and coronary plaque analysis done using a 256- slice CT in 33 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was compared with 27 patients with chronic stable angina (CSA). Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed, for factors predicting ACS as an outcome among young CAD patients. In addition, quantitative and morphologic plaque characteristics were compared among those ≤40years and >40years. RESULTS Among 60 subjects ≤40years of age, 77% had dyslipidemia, 70% high lipoprotein(a), 53.33% elevated hs-CRP and 73.33% raised homocysteine. hs-CRP (9.33 vs. 3.33, p value=0.01) and serum triglycerides (178.67 vs. 141.42, p value=0.03) were markedly raised in patients with ACS. Statistically significant number of patients in the ACS group had positive remodelling (ACS, 69.7% vs. CSA, 14.8%; p value<0.001), low attenuation plaque (ACS, 63.6% vs. CSA, 11.1%; p value<0.001), spotty calcification (ACS, 36.4% vs. CSA, 3.7%; p=0.002) and non-calcified plaque (ACS, 69.7% vs. CSA, 11.1%; p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, only lipoprotein (a) >30mg/dL and composite vulnerability score maintained a predictive value for ACS in patients ≤40years. Statistically significant number of patients in the younger age group had higher mean total plaque volume (66.17±41.31mm3 vs. 44.94±49.07mm3; p=0.03), remodelling index (1.5±0.27 vs. 1.08±0.38; p=0.0001). Comparing culprit lesion characteristics of ACS patients in the two age groups, positive remodelling (95.8% vs. 70.5%, p=0.02), spotty calcification (50% vs. 11.7%, p=0.01) and non-calcified plaque (95.8% vs. 70.5%, p=0.02) were significantly more frequent in patients ≤40years. CONCLUSION ACS in young Indians is characterized by a higher prevalence of both conventional and newer risk factors. In addition, culprit lesions in young ACS patients are more frequently characterized by coronary plaques with high risk morphological features. This may have implications in terms of preventive strategies to identify this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaudhary
- Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M Singhal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Bagga
- Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chauhan
- Pine Castle, Near Mist Chamber, Khalini, Shimla, India
| | - A Chauhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Government Medical College, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Hicks AP, Brown T, Chauhan A, Adeniji K, Quint M, Babu S. S55 Using continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) in excessive dynamic airway collapse (edac). Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Claessen FMAP, Stoop N, Doornberg JN, Guitton TG, van den Bekerom MPJ, Ring D, Chauhan A, Wahegaonkar A, Shafritz A, Garcia G A, Miller A, Barquet A, Kristan A, Apard T, Armstrong A, Berner A, Jubel A, Kreis B, Babis C, Sutker B, Sears B, Nolan B, Crist B, Cross B, Wills B, Barreto C, Ekholm C, Swigart C, Oliveira Miranda C, Manke C, Zalavras C, Goldfarb C, Cassidy C, Walsh C, Jones C, Garnavos C, Young C, Moreno-Serrano C, Lomita C, Klostermann C, van Deurzen D, Rikli D, Polatsch D, Beingessner D, Drosdowech D, Eygendaal D, Patel M, Brilej D, Walbeehm E, Ballas E, Ibrahim E, Melamed E, Stojkovska Pemovska E, Hofmeister E, Hammerberg E, Kaplan F, Suarez F, Fernandes C, Lopez-Gonzalez F, Walter F, Frihagen F, Kraan G, Kontakis G, Dyer G, Kohut G, Panagopoulos G, Hernandez G, Porcellini G, Bayne G, Merrell G, DeSilva G, Della Rocca G, Bamberger H, Broekhuyse H, Durchholz H, Kodde I, McGraw I, Harris I, Pountos I, Wiater J, Choueka J, Kazanjian J, Gillespie J, Biert J, Fanuele J, Johnson J, Greenberg J, Abrams J, Hall J, Fischer J, Scheer J, Itamura J, Capo J, Braman J, Rubio J, Ortiz J, Filho J, Nolla J, Abboud J, Conflitti J, Abzug J, Patiño J, Rodríguez Roiz J, Adams J, Bishop J, Kabir K, Chivers K, Prommersberger K, Egol K, Rumball K, Dickson K, Jeray K, Poelhekke L, Campinhos L, Mica L, Borris L, Adolfsson L, Schulte L, Elmans L, Lane L, Paz L, Taitsman L, Guenter L, Austin L, Waseem M, Palmer M, Abdel-Ghany M, Richard M, Rizzo M, Pirpiris M, Di Micoli M, Bonczar M, Loebenberg M, Richardson M, Mormino M, Menon M, Soong M, Wood M, Meylaerts S, Darowish M, Nancollas M, Prayson M, Grafe M, Kessler M, Kaminaris M, Pirela-Cruz M, Mckee M, Merchant M, Tyllianakis M, Shafi M, Powell A, Shortt N, Felipe N, Parnes N, Bijlani N, Elias N, Akabudike N, Rossiter N, Lasanianos N, Kanakaris N, Brink O, van Eerten P, Paladini P, Martineau P, Appleton P, Levin P, Althausen P, Evans P, Jebson P, Krause P, Schandelmaier P, Peters A, Dantuluri P, Blazar P, Andreas P, Inna P, Quell M, Ramli R, de Bedout R, Ranade A, Ashish S, Smith R, Babst R, Omid R, Buckley R, Jenkinson R, Gilbert R, Page R, Papandrea R, Zura R, Gray R, Wagenmakers R, Pesantez R, van Riet R, Calfee R, van Helden S, Bouaicha S, Kakar S, Kaplan S, Scott F, Kaar S, Mitchell S, Rowinski S, Dodds S, Kennedy S, Beldner S, Schepers T, Guitton T, Gosens T, Baxamusa T, Taleb C, Tosounidis T, Wyrick T, Begue T, DeCoster T, Dienstknecht T, Varecka T, Mittlmeier T, Fischer T, Chesser T, Omara T, Bafus T, Siff T, Havlicek T, Sabesan V, Nikolaou V, Philippe V, Giordano V, Vochteloo A, Batson W, Hammert W, Satora W, Weil Y, Ruch D, Marsh L, Swiontkowski M, Hurwit S. Interpretation of Post-operative Distal Humerus Radiographs After Internal Fixation: Prediction of Later Loss of Fixation. J Hand Surg Am 2016; 41:e337-e341. [PMID: 27522299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stable fixation of distal humerus fracture fragments is necessary for adequate healing and maintenance of reduction. The purpose of this study was to measure the reliability and accuracy of interpretation of postoperative radiographs to predict which implants will loosen or break after operative treatment of bicolumnar distal humerus fractures. We also addressed agreement among surgeons regarding which fracture fixation will loosen or break and the influence of years in independent practice, location of practice, and so forth. METHODS A total of 232 orthopedic residents and surgeons from around the world evaluated 24 anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of distal humerus fractures on a Web-based platform to predict which implants would loosen or break. Agreement among observers was measured using the multi-rater kappa measure. RESULTS The sensitivity of prediction of failure of fixation of distal humerus fracture on radiographs was 63%, specificity was 53%, positive predictive value was 36%, the negative predictive value was 78%, and accuracy was 56%. There was fair interobserver agreement (κ = 0.27) regarding predictions of failure of fixation of distal humerus fracture on radiographs. Interobserver variability did not change when assessed for the various subgroups. CONCLUSIONS When experienced and skilled surgeons perform fixation of type C distal humerus fracture, the immediate postoperative radiograph is not predictive of fixation failure. Reoperation based on the probability of failure might not be advisable. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke M A P Claessen
- Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nicky Stoop
- Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Job N Doornberg
- Orthotrauma Research Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam Orthopaedic Residency Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry G Guitton
- Orthotrauma Research Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam Orthopaedic Residency Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - David Ring
- Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
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Jaiswal SK, Sukla KK, Chauhan A, Lakhotia AR, Kumar A, Rai AK. Choline metabolic pathway gene polymorphisms and risk for Down syndrome: An association study in a population with folate-homocysteine metabolic impairment. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:45-50. [PMID: 27677362 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Choline is an essential nutrient involved in one-carbon metabolism, but its role in mechanisms underlying meiotic non-disjunction is poorly known. The relationship between folate-homocysteine metabolic pathway gene polymorphism and Down syndrome (DS) risk has been widely analyzed, but there are limited reports on its correlation with choline metabolism. In the present case-control association study, we investigated the relationship of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) rs12325817, choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) rs12676 and homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) rs3733890) of choline metabolism with risk for DS. SUBJECT/METHODS Genotyping of 228 mothers of a down syndrome child (DSM) and 200 control mothers (CMs) for all SNPs was performed by PCR coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS A significantly increased risk for BHMT +742AA genotype with an odds ratio of 4.96 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66-14.88, P=0.0036) was observed. For PEMT rs12325817 and CHDH rs12676, no significant difference in allelic and genotypic frequencies was observed. In genotypic combination analysis considering PEMT -744GG/CHDH +432GG/BHMT +742GG as the reference combination, PEMT -744GC/CHDH +432GG/BHMT +742GG genotypic combination was significantly higher in DSM compared with that in CMs with an odds ratio of 2.061 (95% CI: 1.10-3.86, P=0.0342). We also observed an epistatic interaction between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 and choline metabolic pathway gene variants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate impaired choline metabolism showing a greater risk for DS, especially in a population associated with homocysteine-folate impairment. Further studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Jaiswal
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K K Sukla
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Chauhan
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A R Lakhotia
- Department of Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Rai
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Malhotra B, Goyal S, Bhargava S, Reddy PVJ, Chauhan A, Tiwari J. Rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by high-resolution melting curve analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 19:1536-41. [PMID: 26614198 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING High-resolution melting curve analysis (HRMA) can be used to screen for mutations in genes without the need for specific probes, with low turnaround time and high cost-effectiveness. OBJECTIVE To detect the sensitivity and specificity of a line-probe assay (LPA) and HRMA in comparison with BACTEC™ MGIT™ 960 for the detection of rifampicin (RMP) resistance. DESIGN A total of 219 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates tested by MGIT 960 for RMP susceptibility were tested with HRMA and LPA. Discordant samples were processed for sequencing of the RMP resistance-determining region (RRDR) of the rpoB gene. RESULTS HRMA identified 93 of 103 (90.3%) isolates that were resistant and 113/116 (97.4%) that were susceptible on MGIT 960, with a sensitivity and specificity of respectively 90.3% and 97.4%. HRMA identified 117/119 (98.3%) LPA-susceptible and 94/100 (94%) resistant isolates, with 98.3% specificity and 94% sensitivity. Two isolates that were susceptible on LPA but resistant on HRMA showed silent mutations at 539 and 541 codons on sequencing, while 6 isolates that were susceptible on HRMA but resistant on LPA showed D516V (n = 4) and H526C/D (n = 2) mutations. Four isolates (3.9%) that were resistant on MGIT were susceptible on all three genotypic methods, which could be due to mutations outside the RRDR or efflux pumps. CONCLUSION HRMA shows good potential as a rapid screening tool for the detection of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Malhotra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, India
| | - S Goyal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, India
| | - S Bhargava
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, India
| | - P V J Reddy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, India
| | - A Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, India
| | - J Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, India
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Farag A, Chauhan A, Avinash S, Liew CK, Eichhöfer J, Chauhan A. Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Chronic Type A Aortic Dissection. Aorta (Stamford) 2016; 4:68-71. [PMID: 27757405 PMCID: PMC5054758 DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2015.15.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This case illustrates the complexities of performing a primary percutaneous intervention in a patient with chronic Type A aortic aneurysm and dissection with contraindications for surgical management. We also discuss the significant risk that the patient had to overcome to survive an undiagnosed aortic dissection and an acute ST elevation myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farag
- Lancashire Cardiac Center, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Aneesha Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sunita Avinash
- Lancashire Cardiac Center, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Chee K Liew
- Lancashire Cardiac Center, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- Radiology Department, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Eichhöfer
- Lancashire Cardiac Center, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Anoop Chauhan
- Lancashire Cardiac Center, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Lancashire, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gause
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Florida; 1006 Center Dr. Gainesville FL 32611 U.S.A
| | - A. Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Florida; 1006 Center Dr. Gainesville FL 32611 U.S.A
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Rahman NM, Pepperell J, Rehal S, Saba T, Tang A, Ali N, West A, Hettiarachchi G, Mukherjee D, Samuel J, Bentley A, Dowson L, Miles J, Ryan F, Yoneda K, Chauhan A, Corcoran J, Psallidas I, Wrightson JM, Hallifax R, Davies HE, Lee YCG, Hedley EL, Seaton D, Russell N, Chapman M, McFadyen BM, Shaw RA, Davies RJO, Maskell NA, Nunn AJ, Miller RF. S20 Primary Result of the 1st Therapeutic Interventions in Malignant Effusion (TIME1) Trial: A 2 × 2 factorial, randomised trial of chest tube size and analgesic strategy for pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusion. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bendigeri T, Ghuge A, Bhusane K, Begum S, Warty N, Sawant R, Dasmahapatra P, Padte K, Humane A, Chauhan A, Gajbhiye R. Stage-wise comparison of anti-endometrial-antibodies against peptides of SLP2, TMOD3 and TPM3 in diagnosis of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) dampens the immune system and is used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders. CQ also shows antiviral activity against nonenveloped and enveloped viruses, including HIV-1. Persistent immune activation in chronic HIV-1infection leads to CD4 T-cell depletion. CQ is envisioned to attenuate immune activation and virus activity in HIV-1-infected patients. The role of CQ in immune activation and virus activity is discussed here. METHODS To elucidate the effect of CQ on immune activation, a retrospective review of published clinical trials, in vivo experimental studies in animals, and the most relevant in vitro observations in HIV-1-infected cells, together with observations from our own laboratory studies, was carried out and the findings discussed. RESULTS In a few clinical studies and animal experiments, CQ was ineffective in decreasing immune activation and HIV-1 infection. In vitro, CQ markedly increased HIV-1 infection in astrocytes and other non-CD4 cells. CONCLUSIONS The use of CQ in HIV-1-infected patients is questionable. The evidence for a dampening of immune activation by CQ is inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chauhan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - A Tikoo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
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Lau MCY, Stackhouse BT, Layton AC, Chauhan A, Vishnivetskaya TA, Chourey K, Ronholm J, Mykytczuk NCS, Bennett PC, Lamarche-Gagnon G, Burton N, Pollard WH, Omelon CR, Medvigy DM, Hettich RL, Pfiffner SM, Whyte LG, Onstott TC. An active atmospheric methane sink in high Arctic mineral cryosols. ISME J 2015; 9:1904. [PMID: 26194094 PMCID: PMC4511938 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Chauhan A, Wang YZ, Hall MA, Boudreaux JP, Woltering E, Anthony L. IN VITRO CHEMOTHERAPY PROFILING OF WELL-DIFFERENTIATED MIDGUT NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS (NETS) BASED ON INDIVIDUAL PATIENT TUMOR BIOMARKERS ANALYSIS. J La State Med Soc 2015; 167:149. [PMID: 27159467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare malignancies with indolent clinical courses. In general, they are well-differentiated with most tumor cells in the G0 phase of the cell cycle, consistent with the poor response rate of NETs to chemotherapy in vivo. We hypothesize that insults, such as surgery, can drive NET cells from G0 into S phase and that biomarker analysis of individual patient tumors harvested and grown in the lab will provide useful practical guide for future intra and post-operative adjuvant therapy. METHODS 97 well-differentiated midgut NET patients underwent cytoreductive surgery at our institution between May/2012 and October/2012. 148 surgical specimens were collected and submitted to a single commercial lab for processing. Primary tumors, lymph nodes and liver metastases were harvested and cultured. Their ribonucleic acids (RNA) were then extracted to analyze the expressivity, a total of 88 different biomarkers. Based on our patients' specific tumor biomarker expressivity and known correlations between 36 anti-neoplastic agents with their linked biomarkers, recommendations were reported as clinically beneficial or non-beneficial. RESULTS A total of 148 specimens from 97 patients were tested. In four of the 97 patients, no clinically beneficial chemotherapy agent could be identified. Among the remaining 93 patients, the top three agents that are most likely to be clinically beneficial are: fluorouracil, cisplatin and carboplatin. These were reported to be clinically beneficial in 135/148 (91.2%), 103/148 (69.6%), and 103/148 (69.6%) patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS Midgut NETs are slow growing tumors which are chemotherapeutically inert owing to the fact that most of the tumor cells are in G0 cell cycle. Surgical insult drives NET cells into active synthetic phase where they begin to express biomarkers specific to their tumor cells. Analysis of these biomarkers guides further potential beneficial therapy based on the current known associations among biomarkers and chemotherapy agents. These results must then be compared and confirmed against a direct in-vitro chemo sensitivity assessment conducted simultaneously on the same patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Y Z Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - M A Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - J P Boudreaux
- Department of Internal Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - E Woltering
- Department of Internal Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - L Anthony
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Lau MCY, Stackhouse BT, Layton AC, Chauhan A, Vishnivetskaya TA, Chourey K, Ronholm J, Mykytczuk NCS, Bennett PC, Lamarche-Gagnon G, Burton N, Pollard WH, Omelon CR, Medvigy DM, Hettich RL, Pfiffner SM, Whyte LG, Onstott TC. An active atmospheric methane sink in high Arctic mineral cryosols. ISME J 2015; 9:1880-91. [PMID: 25871932 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emission by carbon-rich cryosols at the high latitudes in Northern Hemisphere has been studied extensively. In contrast, data on the CH4 emission potential of carbon-poor cryosols is limited, despite their spatial predominance. This work employs CH4 flux measurements in the field and under laboratory conditions to show that the mineral cryosols at Axel Heiberg Island in the Canadian high Arctic consistently consume atmospheric CH4. Omics analyses present the first molecular evidence of active atmospheric CH4-oxidizing bacteria (atmMOB) in permafrost-affected cryosols, with the prevalent atmMOB genotype in our acidic mineral cryosols being closely related to Upland Soil Cluster α. The atmospheric (atm) CH4 uptake at the study site increases with ground temperature between 0 °C and 18 °C. Consequently, the atm CH4 sink strength is predicted to increase by a factor of 5-30 as the Arctic warms by 5-15 °C over a century. We demonstrate that acidic mineral cryosols are a previously unrecognized potential of CH4 sink that requires further investigation to determine its potential impact on larger scales. This study also calls attention to the poleward distribution of atmMOB, as well as to the potential influence of microbial atm CH4 oxidation, in the context of regional CH4 flux models and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Y Lau
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - B T Stackhouse
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - A C Layton
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - A Chauhan
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - T A Vishnivetskaya
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - K Chourey
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - J Ronholm
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anna de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - N C S Mykytczuk
- 1] Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anna de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada [2] Vale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - P C Bennett
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - G Lamarche-Gagnon
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anna de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Burton
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - W H Pollard
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C R Omelon
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - D M Medvigy
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - R L Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - S M Pfiffner
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - L G Whyte
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anna de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - T C Onstott
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Singh RM, Dhal C, Ahmad FJ, Chauhan A, Jyothi M, Saini PK, Mathur SC, Singh GN. Quality by design approach for simultaneous estimation of doxycycline hyclate and curcumin by RP-HPLC method. Indian J Pharm Sci 2015; 77:723-8. [PMID: 26997700 PMCID: PMC4778232 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.174992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, reliable, robust and optimized reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of doxycycline hyclate and curcumin was successfully developed and validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The objective was achieved in terms of well separated peaks within 10 min on a Waters Sunfire C8 column with dimensions of 250×4.6 mm, particle size 5.0 μm using mobile phase consisting of 30 volumes of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (50 mM) adjusted to pH 6.5±0.1 with triethylamine and 70 volumes of methanol at flow rate of 0.85 ml/min. The column effluents were monitored at 400 nm maintained at ambient column temperature (28o). The developed method was found linear over the concentration range of 200-700 μg/ml for doxycycline hyclate and 8-28 μg/ml for curcumin, the detection and quantitation limit was found to be 26.063 and 78.97 μg/ml for doxycycline hyclate; 0.795 and 2.13 μg/ml for curcumin, respectively. The developed method was optimized using Minitab software version 16 to meet the current quality by design requirements. The method validation was done for linearity, range, detection and quantitation limit, accuracy, precision, specificity, system suitability testing, and robustness.
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