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Prabhu BP, Kunoor A, Sudhir S, Dutt A, Nampoothiri V, Rakesh PS, Singh S, Menon VP. Anti-tuberculosis treatment stewardship in a private tertiary care hospital in South India. Public Health Action 2018; 8:151. [PMID: 30271733 DOI: 10.5588/pha.18.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B P Prabhu
- 1 General Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - A Kunoor
- 1 General Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - S Sudhir
- 1 General Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - A Dutt
- 1 General Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - V Nampoothiri
- 1 General Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - P S Rakesh
- 1 General Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - S Singh
- 1 General Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - V P Menon
- 1 General Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, India
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Chandrani P, Prabhash K, Prasad R, Sethunath V, Ranjan M, Iyer P, Aich J, Dhamne H, Iyer DN, Upadhyay P, Mohanty B, Chandna P, Kumar R, Joshi A, Noronha V, Patil V, Ramaswamy A, Karpe A, Thorat R, Chaudhari P, Ingle A, Choughule A, Dutt A. Drug-sensitive FGFR3 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:597-603. [PMID: 27998968 PMCID: PMC5391708 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths across the world. In this study, we present therapeutically relevant genetic alterations in lung adenocarcinoma of Indian origin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five primary lung adenocarcinoma tumors were sequenced for 676 amplicons using RainDance cancer panel at an average coverage of 1500 × (reads per million mapped reads). To validate the findings, 49 mutations across 23 genes were genotyped in an additional set of 363 primary lung adenocarcinoma tumors using mass spectrometry. NIH/3T3 cells over expressing mutant and wild-type FGFR3 constructs were characterized for anchorage independent growth, constitutive activation, tumor formation and sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors using in vitro and xenograft mouse models. RESULTS We present the first spectrum of actionable alterations in lung adenocarcinoma tumors of Indian origin, and shows that mutations of FGFR3 are present in 20 of 363 (5.5%) patients. These FGFR3 mutations are constitutively active and oncogenic when ectopically expressed in NIH/3T3 cells and using a xenograft model in NOD/SCID mice. Inhibition of FGFR3 kinase activity inhibits transformation of NIH/3T3 overexpressing FGFR3 constructs and growth of tumors driven by FGFR3 in the xenograft models. The reduction in tumor size in the mouse is paralleled by a reduction in the amounts of phospho-ERK, validating the in vitro findings. Interestingly, the FGFR3 mutations are significantly higher in a proportion of younger patients and show a trend toward better overall survival, compared with patients lacking actionable alterations or those harboring KRAS mutations. CONCLUSION We present the first actionable mutation spectrum in Indian lung cancer genome. These findings implicate FGFR3 as a novel therapeutic in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Chandrani
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai
| | - K. Prabhash
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital
| | - R. Prasad
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
| | - V. Sethunath
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
| | - M. Ranjan
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
| | - P. Iyer
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai
| | - J. Aich
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
| | - H. Dhamne
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
| | - D. N. Iyer
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
| | - P. Upadhyay
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai
| | - B. Mohanty
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
| | - P. Chandna
- AceProbe Technologies Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital
| | - A. Joshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital
| | - V. Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital
| | - V. Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital
| | - A. Ramaswamy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital
| | - A. Karpe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital
| | - R. Thorat
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital
| | - P. Chaudhari
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
| | - A. Ingle
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
| | - A. Choughule
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital
| | - A. Dutt
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai
- Correspondence to: Dr Amit Dutt, Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Intermediate Fellow, Tata Memorial Centre, ACTREC, Navi Mumbai 410 210, India. Tel: +91-22-27405056; E-mail:
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Subeikshanan V, Dutt A, Basu D, Tejus MN, Maurya VP, Madhugiri VS. A prospective comparative clinical study of peripheral blood counts and indices in patients with primary brain tumors. J Postgrad Med 2017; 62:86-90. [PMID: 27089106 PMCID: PMC4944356 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.180551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevation of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to be an indicator of poor prognosis in many malignancies including recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at assessing if the NLR and other leukocyte counts and indices were deranged in treatment-naïve patients with primary brain tumors when compared with an age-matched healthy control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective comparative clinical observational study by design. A healthy control population was compared with treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with intra- and extraaxial brain tumors. Leukocyte counts (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts) as well as leukocyte ratios such as the NLR and the monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated. We also evaluated if the counts and indices were related to the tumor volume. RESULTS In all patients with tumors, the platelet and neutrophil counts were elevated when compared to the controls. In contrast, monocyte counts and the MLR were found to be decreased in patients with tumors when compared to the controls. The subset of patients with glioblastoma showed a significant increase in NLR when compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in the neutrophil, monocyte, and platelet counts as well as NLR and MLR were observed. Prospective longitudinal studies are required to determine the prognostic and therapeutic implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - V S Madhugiri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
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Mon-Pérez E, Salazar J, Ramos E, Salazar JS, Suárez AL, Dutt A, Santana G, Monroy BM. Experimental and theoretical rationalization of the growth mechanism of silicon quantum dots in non-stoichiometric SiN x : role of chlorine in plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:455703. [PMID: 27698286 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/45/455703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) embedded in an insulator matrix are important from a technological and application point of view. Thus, being able to synthesize them in situ during the matrix growth process is technologically advantageous. The use of SiH2Cl2 as the silicon precursor in the plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) process allows us to obtain Si-QDs without post-thermal annealing. Foremost in this work, is a theoretical rationalization of the mechanism responsible for Si-QD generation in a film including an analysis of the energy released by the extraction of HCl and the insertion of silylene species into the terminal surface bonds. From the results obtained using density functional theory (DFT), we propose an explanation of the mechanism responsible for the formation of Si-QDs in non-stoichiometric SiN x starting from chlorinated precursors in a PECVD system. Micrograph images obtained through transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of Si-QDs, even in nitrogen-rich (N-rich) samples. The film stoichiometry was controlled by varying the growth parameters, in particular the NH3/SiH2Cl2 ratio and hydrogen dilution. Experimental and theoretical results together show that using a PECVD system, along with chlorinated precursors it is possible to obtain Si-QDs at a low substrate temperature without annealing treatment. The optical property studies carried out in the present work highlight the prospects of these thin films for down shifting and as an antireflection coating in silicon solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mon-Pérez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, Circuito Exterior s/n, C. U., A. P. 70-360, Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, México, D. F., Mexico
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Chandrani P, Kulkarni V, Iyer P, Upadhyay P, Chaubal R, Das P, Mulherkar R, Singh R, Dutt A. NGS-based approach to determine the presence of HPV and their sites of integration in human cancer genome. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1958-65. [PMID: 25973533 PMCID: PMC4580395 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV) accounts for the most common cause of all virus-associated human cancers. Here, we describe the first graphic user interface (GUI)-based automated tool 'HPVDetector', for non-computational biologists, exclusively for detection and annotation of the HPV genome based on next-generation sequencing data sets. METHODS We developed a custom-made reference genome that comprises of human chromosomes along with annotated genome of 143 HPV types as pseudochromosomes. The tool runs on a dual mode as defined by the user: a 'quick mode' to identify presence of HPV types and an 'integration mode' to determine genomic location for the site of integration. The input data can be a paired-end whole-exome, whole-genome or whole-transcriptome data set. The HPVDetector is available in public domain for download: http://www.actrec.gov.in/pi-webpages/AmitDutt/HPVdetector/HPVDetector.html. RESULTS On the basis of our evaluation of 116 whole-exome, 23 whole-transcriptome and 2 whole-genome data, we were able to identify presence of HPV in 20 exomes and 4 transcriptomes of cervical and head and neck cancer tumour samples. Using the inbuilt annotation module of HPVDetector, we found predominant integration of viral gene E7, a known oncogene, at known 17q21, 3q27, 7q35, Xq28 and novel sites of integration in the human genome. Furthermore, co-infection with high-risk HPVs such as 16 and 31 were found to be mutually exclusive compared with low-risk HPV71. CONCLUSIONS HPVDetector is a simple yet precise and robust tool for detecting HPV from tumour samples using variety of next-generation sequencing platforms including whole genome, whole exome and transcriptome. Two different modes (quick detection and integration mode) along with a GUI widen the usability of HPVDetector for biologists and clinicians with minimal computational knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chandrani
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - V Kulkarni
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - P Iyer
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - P Upadhyay
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - R Chaubal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - P Das
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - R Mulherkar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - R Singh
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - A Dutt
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
- E-mail:
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Drakesmith M, Caeyenberghs K, Dutt A, Lewis G, David AS, Jones DK. Overcoming the effects of false positives and threshold bias in graph theoretical analyses of neuroimaging data. Neuroimage 2015; 118:313-33. [PMID: 25982515 PMCID: PMC4558463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graph theory (GT) is a powerful framework for quantifying topological features of neuroimaging-derived functional and structural networks. However, false positive (FP) connections arise frequently and influence the inferred topology of networks. Thresholding is often used to overcome this problem, but an appropriate threshold often relies on a priori assumptions, which will alter inferred network topologies. Four common network metrics (global efficiency, mean clustering coefficient, mean betweenness and smallworldness) were tested using a model tractography dataset. It was found that all four network metrics were significantly affected even by just one FP. Results also show that thresholding effectively dampens the impact of FPs, but at the expense of adding significant bias to network metrics. In a larger number (n=248) of tractography datasets, statistics were computed across random group permutations for a range of thresholds, revealing that statistics for network metrics varied significantly more than for non-network metrics (i.e., number of streamlines and number of edges). Varying degrees of network atrophy were introduced artificially to half the datasets, to test sensitivity to genuine group differences. For some network metrics, this atrophy was detected as significant (p<0.05, determined using permutation testing) only across a limited range of thresholds. We propose a multi-threshold permutation correction (MTPC) method, based on the cluster-enhanced permutation correction approach, to identify sustained significant effects across clusters of thresholds. This approach minimises requirements to determine a single threshold a priori. We demonstrate improved sensitivity of MTPC-corrected metrics to genuine group effects compared to an existing approach and demonstrate the use of MTPC on a previously published network analysis of tractography data derived from a clinical population. In conclusion, we show that there are large biases and instability induced by thresholding, making statistical comparisons of network metrics difficult. However, by testing for effects across multiple thresholds using MTPC, true group differences can be robustly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Drakesmith
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - K Caeyenberghs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Parade, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - A Dutt
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - G Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - A S David
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - D K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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Choughule A, Sharma R, Trivedi V, Thavamani A, Noronha V, Joshi A, Desai S, Chandrani P, Sundaram P, Utture S, Jambhekar N, Gupta S, Aich J, Prabhash K, Dutt A. Coexistence of KRAS mutation with mutant but not wild-type EGFR predicts response to tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in human lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2203-4. [PMID: 25117816 PMCID: PMC4260019 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Choughule
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - V Trivedi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - A Thavamani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - V Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
| | - A Joshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
| | - S Desai
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
| | - P Chandrani
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - P Sundaram
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - S Utture
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
| | - N Jambhekar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
| | - S Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
| | - J Aich
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
- E-mail: or E-mail: or ; E-mail:
| | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
- E-mail: or E-mail: or ; E-mail:
| | - A Dutt
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
- E-mail: or E-mail: or ; E-mail:
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Abstract
Gallbladder cancer, although regarded as the most common malignancy of the biliary tract, continues to be associated with a dismal overall survival even in the present day. While complete surgical removal of the tumour offers a good chance of cure, only a fraction of the patients are amenable to curative surgery owing to their delayed presentation. Moreover, the current contribution of adjuvant therapies towards prolonging survival is marginal, at best. Thus, understanding the biology of the disease will not only enable a better appreciation of the pathways of progression but also facilitate the development of an accurate genetic model for gallbladder carcinogenesis and dissemination. This review provides an updated, evidence-based model of the pathways of carcinogenesis in gallbladder cancer and its dissemination. The model proposed could serve as the scaffolding for elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in gallbladder carcinogenesis. A better understanding of the pathways involved in gallbladder tumorigenesis will serve to identify patients at risk for the cancer (and who thus could be offered prophylactic cholecystectomy) as well as aid oncologists in planning the most suitable treatment for a particular patient, thereby setting us on the vanguard of transforming the current treatment paradigm for gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Barreto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Gastrointestinal Oncology, and Bariatric Surgery, Medanta Institute of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Sciences, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon
| | - A Dutt
- The Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - A Chaudhary
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Gastrointestinal Oncology, and Bariatric Surgery, Medanta Institute of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Sciences, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon
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Choughule A, Noronha V, Joshi A, Desai S, Jambhekar N, Utture S, Thavamanni A, Prabhash K, Dutt A. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation subtypes and geographical distribution among Indian non-small cell lung cancer patients. Indian J Cancer 2013; 50:107-11. [PMID: 23979200 PMCID: PMC5808828 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.117023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Medical Oncology Department at Tata Memorial Hospital, the single largest tertiary cancer care center in Asia, receives in-house registered and referral patient samples from all parts of the country. Our recent studies establish 23% EGFR mutation frequency among Indian population. Here, we extend our study and report further analysis of distribution of different types of EGFR mutations in 1018 non small cell lung cancer patient, and its co-relation with clinical parameters and geographical variations across the country. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study is a retrospective analysis on all the patients who were referred for EFGR testing as a routine service over a 1.5 year period. This was part of standard care. EGFR kinase domain mutations in exon 18-21 were probed by TaqMan probe-based assays in 1018 NSCLC patients. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION While EGFR exon 19 mutations, the most frequent EGFR mutation, were found be higher among non smokers females, we find surprisingly higher incidence of exon 21 mutations among EGFR mutation positive male smokers of Indian ethnicity. Furthermore, as Indian population is known to be composed of a gradient admixture of Ancestral North Indian (with genetic influence from Middle Easterners, Central Asians, and Europeans harboring variant EGFR mutation frequency) and Ancestral South Indians, as a paradox our study indicates comparable EGFR mutation frequency across different geographical locations within India CONCLUSION Geographically there is uniform distribution in the EGFR mutation frequency within India. Further more, while exon 19 mutations are predominant among non smokers, higher incidence of exon 21 mutations exists among EGFR mutation positive male smokers of Indian ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Choughule
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Grover S, Chakrabarti S, Ghormode D, Dutt A, Kate N, Kulhara P. An Indian adaptation of the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire: similarities and differences in assessment of caregiver burden. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2011; 21:142-151. [PMID: 22215788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ) is a comprehensive, conceptually valid and reliable means of assessing caregiver burden. However, its psychometric properties have rarely been examined in non-European settings. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of an Indian translation of the IEQ (Hindi-IEQ). METHODS The European Union (English) version of IEQ was translated into Hindi and reviewed by a group of experts and caregivers for translation accuracy, cultural appropriateness, and for relevance and acceptability of items and constructs. The Hindi-IEQ was then administered to 162 primary caregivers of patients with severe mental illnesses. Eighteen caregivers completed both the English and Hindi versions to check the level of agreement between them. Another 27 completed the Hindi-IEQ twice, a week apart, to evaluate its test-retest reliability. Factor structure of the Hindi-IEQ was examined using an exploratory, principal components and factor analysis. RESULTS Pearson's correlation coefficients were significant for 24 items, while intraclass correlation coefficients were significant for 28 of the 31 items (P < 0.05), indicating a satisfactory level of agreement between the Hindi and English versions. Test-retest reliability for all items of the Hindi-IEQ was adequate, with kappa values ranging from 0.46 to 0.95 and intraclass correlation coefficients from 0.76 to 1.00. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and the split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.68) of the Hindi-IEQ were also satisfactory. However, several differences were noted in the factor structure and distribution of scores of the Hindi-IEQ, which were quite unlike that of the European Union version. CONCLUSIONS The similarities and differences between the 2 versions of the IEQ indicated that sociocultural factors could influence assessment of caregiver burden across different cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Shaikh M, Hall MH, Schulze K, Dutt A, Walshe M, Williams I, Constante M, Picchioni M, Toulopoulou T, Collier D, Rijsdijk F, Powell J, Arranz M, Murray RM, Bramon E. Do COMT, BDNF and NRG1 polymorphisms influence P50 sensory gating in psychosis? Psychol Med 2011; 41:263-276. [PMID: 20102668 DOI: 10.1017/s003329170999239x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory P50 sensory gating deficits correlate with genetic risk for schizophrenia and constitute a plausible endophenotype for the disease. The well-supported role of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuregulin 1 (NRG1) genes in neurodevelopment and cognition make a strong theoretical case for their influence on the P50 endophenotype. METHOD The possible role of NRG1, COMT Val158Met and BDNF Val66Met gene polymorphisms on the P50 endophenotype was examined in a large sample consisting of psychotic patients, their unaffected relatives and unrelated healthy controls using linear regression analyses. RESULTS Although P50 deficits were present in patients and their unaffected relatives, there was no evidence for an association between NRG1, COMT Val158Met or BDNF Val66Met genotypes and the P50 endophenotype. CONCLUSIONS The evidence from our large study suggests that any such association between P50 indices and NRG1, COMT Val158Met or BDNF Val66Met genotypes, if present, must be very subtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shaikh
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London/South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Bandyopadhyay SK, Dutt A. Mitochondrial medicine. J Assoc Physicians India 2010; 58:237-241. [PMID: 21046879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are extremely heterogeneous multisystem disorders predominantly affecting tissues or organs with high oxygen consumption like skeletal muscles, brain, endocrine glands, myocardium, eyes, ears, intestines, liver, kidneys, and bone marrow. Although various clinical syndromes have been described, they frequently overlap and there is no diagnostic gold standard to identify all. It is difficult to chart the future of an affected individual as also to predict the response to treatment which is mostly supportive and symptomatic. The rapidly increasing understanding of the pathophysiologic background of mitochondrial disorders may facilitate diagnostic approach and open perspectives to curative therapies. With the coming of age for mitochondrial medicine, it is now appropriate that physicians keep themselves well-acquainted with the recent developments in this expanding field of biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College, 138, AJC Bose Road, Kolkata 700 014
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Dutt A, Spencer E, Howard J, Pramanik A. Studies of Amyloid-Like Fibrillogenesis throughβ-Sheet-Mediated Self-Assembly of Short Synthetic Peptides. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:363-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dutt A, McDonald C, Dempster E, Prata D, Shaikh M, Williams I, Schulze K, Marshall N, Walshe M, Allin M, Collier D, Murray R, Bramon E. The effect of COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes on hippocampal and lateral ventricular volume in psychosis. Psychol Med 2009; 39:1783-1797. [PMID: 19573260 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291709990316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphometric endophenotypes which have been proposed for psychotic disorders include lateral ventricular enlargement and hippocampal volume reductions. Genetic epidemiological studies support an overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes have been implicated in the aetiology of both these disorders. This study examined associations between these candidate genes and morphometric endophenotypes for psychosis. METHOD A total of 383 subjects (128 patients with psychosis, 194 of their unaffected relatives and 61 healthy controls) from the Maudsley Family Psychosis Study underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and genotyping. The effect of candidate genes on brain morphometry was examined using linear regression models adjusting for clinical group, age, sex and correlations between members of the same family. RESULTS The results showed no evidence of association between variation in COMT genotype and lateral ventricular, and left or right hippocampal volumes. Neither was there any effect of the BDNF, 5-HTTLPR, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genotypes on these regional brain volumes. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal hippocampal and lateral ventricular volumes are among the most replicated endophenotypes for psychosis; however, the influences of COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes on these key brain regions must be very subtle if at all present.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dutt
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry (King's College London)/South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Dutt A, Salvesen HB, Greulich H, Sellers WR, Beroukhim R, Meyerson M. Somatic mutations are present in all members of the AKT family in endometrial carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:1218-9; author reply 1220-1. [PMID: 19738612 PMCID: PMC2768084 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Dutt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - H B Salvesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - H Greulich
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - W R Sellers
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R Beroukhim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- E-mail:
| | - M Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- E-mail:
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Dutt A, Dutta A, Kar S, Koley P, Drew MG, Pramanik A. Stabilization of two smallest possible diastereomeric β-hairpins in a water soluble tetrapeptide containing non-coded α-amino isobutyric acid (Aib) and m-amino benzoic acid. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Salvesen HB, Carter SL, Mannelqvist M, Dutt A, Getz G, Stefansson IM, Raeder MB, Sos ML, Engelsen IB, Trovik J, Wik E, Greulich H, Bø TH, Jonassen I, Thomas RK, Zander T, Garraway LA, Øyan AM, Sellers WR, Kalland KH, Meyerson M, Akslen LA, Beroukhim R. Integrated genomic profiling of endometrial carcinoma associates aggressive tumors with indicators of PI3 kinase activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:4834-9. [PMID: 19261849 PMCID: PMC2660768 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806514106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although 75% of endometrial cancers are treated at an early stage, 15% to 20% of these recur. We performed an integrated analysis of genome-wide expression and copy-number data for primary endometrial carcinomas with extensive clinical and histopathological data to detect features predictive of recurrent disease. Unsupervised analysis of the expression data distinguished 2 major clusters with strikingly different phenotypes, including significant differences in disease-free survival. To identify possible mechanisms for these differences, we performed a global genomic survey of amplifications, deletions, and loss of heterozygosity, which identified 11 significantly amplified and 13 significantly deleted regions. Amplifications of 3q26.32 harboring the oncogene PIK3CA were associated with poor prognosis and segregated with the aggressive transcriptional cluster. Moreover, samples with PIK3CA amplification carried signatures associated with in vitro activation of PI3 kinase (PI3K), a signature that was shared by aggressive tumors without PIK3CA amplification. Tumors with loss of PTEN expression or PIK3CA overexpression that did not have PIK3CA amplification also shared the PI3K activation signature, high protein expression of the PI3K pathway member STMN1, and an aggressive phenotype in test and validation datasets. However, mutations of PTEN or PIK3CA were not associated with the same expression profile or aggressive phenotype. STMN1 expression had independent prognostic value. The results affirm the utility of systematic characterization of the cancer genome in clinically annotated specimens and suggest the particular importance of the PI3K pathway in patients who have aggressive endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. B. Salvesen
- aDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- bDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: , , or
| | - S. L. Carter
- cThe Harvard and MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142;
- dThe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142;
| | - M. Mannelqvist
- eThe Gade Institute, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - A. Dutt
- dThe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142;
- fDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115;
| | - G. Getz
- dThe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142;
| | - I. M. Stefansson
- eThe Gade Institute, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- gDepartment of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - M. B. Raeder
- aDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- bDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - M. L. Sos
- hMax Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, and Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, 509315 Cologne, Germany;
| | - I. B. Engelsen
- aDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - J. Trovik
- aDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- bDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - E. Wik
- aDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- bDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - H. Greulich
- dThe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142;
- fDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115;
- iDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
- jDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
| | - T. H. Bø
- kDepartment for Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - I. Jonassen
- kDepartment for Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - R. K. Thomas
- hMax Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, and Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, 509315 Cologne, Germany;
- lChemical Genomics Center of the Max Planck Society, 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
- mDepartment of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - T. Zander
- hMax Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, and Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, 509315 Cologne, Germany;
| | - L. A. Garraway
- dThe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142;
- fDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115;
- iDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
- jDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- nCenter for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115;
| | - A. M. Øyan
- eThe Gade Institute, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - W. R. Sellers
- oNovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139; and
| | - K. H. Kalland
- eThe Gade Institute, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- oNovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139; and
| | - M. Meyerson
- dThe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142;
- fDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115;
- qDepartment of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - L. A. Akslen
- eThe Gade Institute, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- gDepartment of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: , , or
| | - R. Beroukhim
- dThe Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142;
- fDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115;
- iDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
- jDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: , , or
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Dutta A, Dutt A, Drew MGB, Pramanik A. Supramolecular helix and β-sheet through self-assembly of two isomeric tetrapeptides in crystals and formation of filaments and ribbons in the solid state. Supramol Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270701565194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Dutta
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | - Anita Dutt
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | - Michael G. B. Drew
- b School of Chemistry , The University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Animesh Pramanik
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, 700 009, India
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Dutt A, Drew MG, Pramanik A. Conformational and self-assembly studies of helix forming hexapeptides containing two α-amino isobutyric acids. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Banerjee T, Mukherjee C, Dutt A, Shekhar A, Hazra A. Cognitive Dysfunction in an Urban Indian Population – Some Observations. Neuroepidemiology 2008; 31:109-14. [DOI: 10.1159/000146252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Dutt A, Dutta A, Mondal R, Spencer EC, Howard JA, Pramanik A. Studies of β-turn opening with model peptides containing non-coded α-amino isobutyric acid. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Das SK, Bose P, Biswas A, Dutt A, Banerjee TK, Hazra AM, Raut DK, Chaudhuri A, Roy T. An epidemiologic study of mild cognitive impairment in Kolkata, India. Neurology 2007; 68:2019-26. [PMID: 17548552 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000264424.76759.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of two types of mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-amnestic and multiple domain types-among nondemented and nondepressed elderly subjects aged 50 and older. METHODS The study was carried out in Kolkata, the eastern metropolis of India. A cross-sectional community screening was carried out, and 960 subjects were selected by systematic random sampling for the assessment of cognitive function with the help of a validated cognitive questionnaire battery administered through house-to-house survey. A case-control study was also undertaken to identify potential risk factors through univariate analysis. RESULTS Ultimately, full evaluation of cognitive function was possible in 745 of 960 subjects. An overall prevalence of MCI detected based on neuropsychological testing was 14.89% (95% CI: 12.19 to 17.95). Prevalence of the amnestic type was 6.04% (95% CI: 4.40 to 8.1) and that of the multiple domain type was 8.85% (95% CI: 6.81 to 11.32). Adjusted for age, education. and gender, the amnestic type was more common among men and the multiple domain type among women with advancement of age. Rates differed considerably with educational attainment. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the major risk factors for both types of MCI. CONCLUSION In this first community-based study of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from India, prevalence of the amnestic type is comparable with and that of the multiple domain type is less than the prevalence in developed countries. Variations in age, education, and gender specific prevalence of MCI of both types were encountered. The putative risk factors identified merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Das
- Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurology, Kolkata, India.
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Roy T, Biswas A, Chakraborty D, Dutt A, Dutta A. P36.15 Electroencephalographic changes in patients with dementia – experience from a cognitive and behavioural neurology clinic. Clin Neurophysiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Biswas A, Dutt A, Chakraborty D, Dutta A, Ghosh K, Roy T. P4–183: Behavioral symptoms of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease – a comparative study. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Dutt
- Bangur Institute of NeurologyKolkataIndia
| | | | - A.K. Dutta
- Bangur Institute of NeurologyKolkataIndia
| | - K.C. Ghosh
- Bangur Institute of NeurologyKolkataIndia
| | - T. Roy
- Bangur Institute of NeurologyKolkataIndia
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Dutt A, Drew MGB, Pramanik A. beta-Sheet mediated self-assembly of dipeptides of omega-amino acids and remarkable fibrillation in the solid state. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:2250-4. [PMID: 16010358 DOI: 10.1039/b504112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies show that the extended structure of dipeptide Boc-beta-Ala-m-ABA-OMe (m-ABA: meta-aminobenzoic acid) self-assembles in the solid state by intermolecular hydrogen bonding to create an infinite parallel beta-sheet structure. In dipeptide Boc-gamma-Abu-m-ABA-OMe (gamma-Abu: gamma-aminobutyric acid), two such parallel beta-sheets are further cross-linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonding through m-aminobenzoic acid moieties. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) studies reveal that both the peptides and form amyloid-like fibrils in the solid state. The fibrils are also found to be stained readily by Congo red, a characteristic feature of the amyloid fiber whose accumulation causes several fatal diseases such as Alzheimer's, prion-protein etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Dutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Dutt A, Fröhlich R, Pramanik A. β-Turn mimic in tripeptide with Phe(1)-Aib(2) as corner residues and β-strand structure in an isomeric tripeptide: an X-ray diffraction study. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:661-5. [PMID: 15703804 DOI: 10.1039/b415455j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A single crystal X-ray diffraction study of the tripeptide Boc-Phe-Aib-Leu-OMe (Aib = alpha-aminoisobutyric acid) reveals that it forms structurally one of the best type II beta-turns so far reported in tripeptides, stabilized by 10 atom intramolecular hydrogen bonding. In contrast, the isomeric tripeptide Boc-Phe-Leu-Aib-OMe adopts a beta-strand like conformation. Interestingly, a previously reported structure of another isomeric tripeptide, Boc-Leu-Aib-Phe-OMe, shows a double bend conformation without any intramolecular hydrogen bonding. These results demonstrate an example of the creation of structural diversities in the backbone of small peptides depending upon the co-operative steric interactions amongst the amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Dutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
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Sood S, Sharma NK, Nada M, Dutt A, Nagpal RC. Correlation between CT scan and automated perimetry in supratentorial tumors. Neurol India 2002; 50:158-61. [PMID: 12134179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
An attempt was made to correlate various types of visual field defects on automated perimetry with the findings of computed tomography in 44 patients of supratentorial tumors. All the patients above the age of 10 years were subjected to complete neurological examination including investigations like plain X-rays and CT scan, however, MRI and angiography were performed wherever indicated. Ocular examination particularly pertaining to neuro-ophthalmological profile was carried out with special emphasis on automated perimetry on Humphrey field analyser. The results indicated that automated perimetry was capable of reliably detecting and quantitating the visual field defects and thus established the location of the tumor in 72% patients when compared to CT scan. Hence, any patient with neuro-ophthalmic features should be subjected to automated perimetry for early diagnosis and probable location of intracranial space occupying lesion affecting visual pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sood
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pt. B.D. Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, 124001, India
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Nelson JA, Dutt A, Allen LH, Wright DA. Functional expression of the renal organic cation transporter and P-glycoprotein in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995; 37:187-9. [PMID: 7497591 DOI: 10.1007/bf00685648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediates the renal secretion of organic cations was tested by functional expression of mRNAs in the Xenopus laevis oocyte system. Efflux of 2'-deoxytubercidin (dTub), a substrate for the renal organic cation transporter (OCT) but not for P-gp, was enhanced by injection of renal mRNA but not by injection of mRNA from P-gp-overexpressing cells (MDCK cells transduced with the cDNA for human MDR1). The functional capacity of the MDCK-MDR mRNA was established by its ability to reduce the steady-state uptake of a classical P-gp substrate, vinblastine. Thus, these data indicate OCT and P-gp to be distinct entities. The Xenopus oocyte system provides a functional approach to further characterize the OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Nelson
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Pan BF, Dutt A, Nelson JA. Enhanced transepithelial flux of cimetidine by Madin-Darby canine kidney cells overexpressing human P-glycoprotein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 270:1-7. [PMID: 7913494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cimetidine has been used as a relatively selective inhibitor of renal organic cation secretion, analogous to the use of probenecid to inhibit organic anion secretion. Many of the substrates for the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein, which is overexpressed in multidrug-resistant tumor cells, are organic cations. Furthermore, the protein is normally expressed on the apical membranes of proximal tubule cells, the postulated site for active organic cation secretion. To test directly whether P-glycoprotein might serve as a carrier for cimetidine, we measured cimetidine transepithelial movement across Madin-Darby canine kidney cells grown as monolayers on membrane filters. A retrovirally transduced Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line (Madin-Darby canine kidney cells transfected with the human multiple drug resistance 1 cDNA for P-glycoprotein), that expresses the human form of P-glycoprotein on its apical membrane, had an increased capacity to transport cimetidine from the basolateral to apical medium (b-->a) but not in the reverse direction (i.e., a-->b). Qualitatively similar results were observed with daunomycin, a well established substrate for P-glycoprotein. Cellular uptake and energy-dependent efflux experiments further established cimetidine to be a substrate for the human P-glycoprotein. Thus, P-glycoprotein may play a role in the renal secretion of cimetidine and perhaps other organic cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Pan
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Dutt A, Heath LA, Nelson JA. P-glycoprotein and organic cation secretion by the mammalian kidney. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 269:1254-60. [PMID: 7912280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
On the basis of physiological localization, broad substrate specificity and energy dependence, the role of the kidney P-glycoprotein was tested in the energy-dependent renal secretion of organic cations. P-glycoprotein-enriched vesicles from Cl 1D/VCR [a multidrug-resistant (MDR) cell line] displayed enhanced transport of the MDR drug vinblastine and the organic cation cimetidine but not of the organic cation tetraethylammonium (TEA) over that shown by vesicles prepared from the drug-sensitive parental line Cl 1D. An outwardly directed proton gradient stimulated TEA and cimetidine uptake by renal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) but this gradient did not enhance the uptake of these organic cations into Cl 1D/VCR vesicles. Vinblastine uptake was unaffected by the proton gradient in either vesicle preparation. An outwardly directed gradient of TEA enhanced the uptake of TEA into renal BBMV but did not do so in the case of Cl 1D/VCR vesicles. These data indicate that P-glycoprotein, which is normally energized by ATP hydrolysis, is incapable of catalyzing organic cation/proton exchange or organic cation/organic cation exchange, properties of the organic cation carrier of renal proximal tubule BBMV. The MDR substrates and modulators inhibited the uptake of vinblastine and cimetidine by Cl 1D/VCR vesicles and the uptake of cimetidine and TEA by renal BBMV. Several organic cations studied inhibited TEA and cimetidine uptake by renal BBMV but did not inhibit the uptake of vinblastine and cimetidine by Cl 1D/VCR vesicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dutt
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dutt
- Rockefeller University, New York, N.Y. 10021
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Abstract
Because of the gravitational position during sleep and the associated relaxed state, we hypothesized that passive expiration in the supine position might reflect upper airway pathophysiology in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We prospectively enrolled and tested 92 subjects with several clinical conditions. Maximal comfort and relaxation during expiration was achieved by connecting subjects to a ventilator via a mouthpiece. An initial respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min and tidal volume of 10 ml/kg were selected. Fine adjustments were then made to achieve maximal subject relaxation. Using this method, we obtained reproducible tidal breath flow-volume curves (TBFVC). Testing was performed in both sitting and supine positions. Standard pulmonary function tests, including spirometry and lung volume measurements, were also obtained in both sitting and supine positions. Of 86 patients who could be evaluated, 12 (60%) of 20 subjects with documented OSA (respiratory disturbance index: mean, 64.8; range, 10 to 120.5) demonstrated a positional change in the terminal portion of the TBFVC; 10 (32%) of 31 with a history of snoring also tested positive, but only three (9%) of 35 subjects with no OSA, by polysomnography (n = 8) or questionnaire (n = 27), demonstrated such a positional change. This positional change in TBFVC, which was significantly more frequent in subjects with OSA, could not be attributed to any measurable pulmonary function abnormality or body mass index. We believe this positional change in TBFVC reflects upper airway functional narrowing induced by assumption of supine position and decreasing airflow rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Kayaleh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange 92668
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Dutt A, Priebe TS, Teeter LD, Kuo MT, Nelson JA. Postnatal development of organic cation transport and mdr gene expression in mouse kidney. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 261:1222-30. [PMID: 1351097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The apical surface of the proximal tubular epithelium is the site of both P-glycoprotein localization and postulated active secretion of organic cations in the mammalian kidney. P-glycoprotein has been shown to act as a pleiotropic drug efflux pump across the cell membrane of tumor cells expressing the multidrug resistance phenotype, whereas the renal organic anion and organic cation secretory systems serve the function of pleiotropic drug transport across the proximal tubule epithelium. Because most known substrates for P-glycoprotein are organic cations, we tested the hypothesis that the physiological function of this protein in the kidney is to mediate renal organic cation secretion. In one approach, we compared the postnatal development of organic cation transport with that of kidney mdr gene expression. Cimetidine-sensitive uptake of classical substrates for renal secretion (N-methyl nicotinamide and tetraethylammonium) into kidney slices developed gradually in neonate mice, reaching adult capacity in 4 to 6 weeks. P-glycoprotein and its mRNA, as estimated by immunohistochemical methods and RNAse protection analysis, were undetectable at birth and were expressed abruptly at the adult level between 2 and 3 weeks of age. In another approach, classical inhibitors of renal organic cation secretion (cimetidine and cyanine 863) failed to reverse resistance to adriamycin in Chinese hamster ovary and P388 cell lines, which possess the phenotypic traits of multidrug resistance. These results suggest that the cimetidine-sensitive component of organic cation secretion is mediated by a protein other than the P-glycoprotein in the mammalian kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dutt
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Dutt A, Juneja HS. Effect of reserpine on the inhibition of prolactin released from different pituitary constructs in vitro by dopamine, bromocriptine and apomorphine. Endocr Res 1992; 18:307-20. [PMID: 1473523 DOI: 10.1080/07435809209111039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hourly release of Prolactin by pituitary constructs 1 whole pituitary (PI), adenohypophysis (P-N) and pituitary-hypothalamus co-incubate (PHC) were compared. Adenohypophysis secreted significantly more prolactin than PI and PHC, while PHC secreted significantly less than PI. Co-incubation of (P-N) with posterior pituitary reduced the elevated secretion of prolactin. Addition of dopamine (10(-7) M), bromocriptine (10(-7) M) and apomorphine (5 x 10(-8) M) to these constructs did not affect the release of prolactin from PI but inhibited the same from (P-N) and PHC. Treatment with reserpine increased serum prolactin levels but intrapituitary prolactin contents were decreased. Hourly release of prolactin from pituitary constructs derived from reserpine-treated rats was significantly reduced as compared to ascorbic acid--treated controls. Inclusion of dopamine (10(-7) M), bromocriptine (10(-7) M) and apomorphine (5 x 10(-8) M) in these constructs inhibited prolactin secretion further. In vitro addition of perphenazine stimulated the release of prolactin by PHC but was without any effect on PI and (P-N). The data are interpreted to suggest that dopamine in posterior pituitary may be an important determinant of hypothalamic modulation of prolactin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dutt
- Division of Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Research in Reproduction (ICMR), Parel, Bombay, India
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Abstract
To study the changes in the epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Tennessee, we compared the 454 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis reported between 1977 and 1981 with 356 cases encountered between 1982 and 1986. The data were analyzed by age, sex, race and site of the disease which were compared with the national statistics during the periods. We observed that 11.3 percent of the total TB cases were extrapulmonary. Unlike national statistics, the proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis had remained unchanged between the two study periods. Except for a significant decline (p less than 0.001) in genitourinary tuberculosis, the incidence of other extrapulmonary TB had remained the same. The higher incidences of lymphatic, miliary, and meningeal TB were noted in nonwhites, particularly in the younger population, during both study periods. While the national trend showed a steady increase in the percentage of extrapulmonary TB cases, there was no change in Tennessee. The reason for a continued decline of GU TB remains unclear. Although AIDS may have contributed toward the increase nationally, fewer cases of AIDS in the state have not influenced the proportion of extrapulmonary TB. Awareness of such regional differences in the epidemiology of TB, and the impact of HIV infection, will be very useful to physicians and other health care providers involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Mehta
- Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City 37614-0002
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Juneja HS, Karanth S, Dutt A, Parte P, Meherjee P. Diurnal variations and temporal coupling of bioactive and immunoactive luteinizing hormone, prolactin, testosterone and 17-beta-estradiol in adult men. Horm Res 1991; 35:89-94. [PMID: 1806473 DOI: 10.1159/000181880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal variations and temporal coupling in the circulating levels of immunoactive and bioactive luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T) and 17-beta-estradiol (E2) in plasma of 6 healthy men (mean age 33 years) were studied. Each hormonal profile was analyzed for circadian amplitude, acrophase and nadir. Acrophases for immunoactive LH and T were coincident and ranged between clock hours 1 and 5. Acrophase for bioactive LH ranged between 9 and 12 h and was coincident with nadir for T. Acrophase for E2 ranged between 15 and 18 h and was coincident with nadir for immunoactive LH (15-17 h). Acrophase for bioactive PRL and immunoactive PRL ranged between 20-23 and 23-4 h, respectively. The circadian amplitude for T showed a negative correlation coefficient with circadian amplitude of bioactive LH (alpha = -0.86) and positive correlation coefficient with circadian amplitude of immunoactive LH (alpha = 0.94). It is inferred that immunoactive LH may be a sensor of T concentration while bioactive LH may be actually involved in the feedback regulation of T secretion. It is suggested that PRL may have a key role in the regulation of LH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Juneja
- Institute for Research in Reproduction (ICMR), Parel, Bombay, India
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Dutt A, Carson DD. Lactosaminoglycan assembly, cell surface expression, and release by mouse uterine epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:430-8. [PMID: 2294111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of assembly, cell surface expression, secretion, and degradation of the major lactosaminoglycan (LAG)-bearing glycoproteins in mouse uterine epithelial cells have been studied. LAGs have been shown previously to be synthesized preferentially by these cells in the uterus and are expressed at the cell surface, where they participate in cell adhesion processes (Dutt, A., Tang., J.-P., and Carson, D. D. (1987) Dev. Biol. 119, 27-37). We utilized selection on pokeweed mitogen-Sepharose, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and subsequent electroelution to isolate the major LAG-bearing glycoproteins. The intact LAG-bearing glycoproteins exhibited very high apparent Mr (greater than 500,000) both by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and molecular exclusion chromatography under dissociative conditions. The subset of LAGs at the cell surface exhibited a half-life of approximately 11 h, whereas total cell-associated LAGs had a half-life of 6 +/- 1 h. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that the transit time of LAG core proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the site of LAG addition in the Golgi was 30-45 min. LAG glycoprotein transit from the Golgi to the cell surface required at least an additional 30-45 min. The major metabolic fate of the cell-associated LAGs was secretion to the medium with no evidence of lysosomal degradation. Some (30%) of the LAGs appeared to be released to the medium via the action of cell surface proteases. Epithelial cell surfaces bound fluoresceinated pokeweed mitogen, indicating the constitutive presence of LAG-bearing molecules at the cell surface; pokeweed mitogen binding to the cell surface was completely blocked by 10 mM chitotriose. These observations provide the first comprehensive description of the intracellular transport and metabolism of this interesting class of glycoproteins of the uterine epithelial cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Dutt A, Tang JP, Carson DD. Estrogen preferentially stimulates lactosaminoglycan-containing oligosaccharide synthesis in mouse uteri. J Biol Chem 1988; 263:2270-9. [PMID: 3123490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of steroid hormones on the synthesis of lactosaminoglycan (LAG)-containing oligosaccharides by mouse uteri are reported. The uterine LAG-containing oligosaccharides were degraded partially by Pseudomonas endo-beta-galactosidase, releasing an oligosaccharide of the apparent structure: Gal beta----N-acetylglucosaminyl(----N-acetylgalactosaminyl)beta 1,3----galactose. A larger fraction of the LAG-containing oligosaccharides bound to pokeweed mitogen than to Datura stramonium lectin, suggesting the presence of highly branched structures. LAG-containing oligosaccharides were resistant to sequential digestion with Pronase, nitrous acid, hyaluronidase, and chondroitinase ABC. These polysaccharides exhibited a Gal:GlcNAc:GalNAc ratio of approximately 1.0:1.0:0.3 and were not fucosylated. The ion-exchange behavior of the LAG-containing oligosaccharides before and after mild acid hydrolysis indicated the presence of sialic acid residues. The LAG-containing glycopeptides were highly resistant to beta-elimination but were released quantitatively by hydrazinolysis, demonstrating an N-linkage to protein. Binding to pokeweed mitogen was markedly enhanced following release of these oligosaccharides from peptides by hydrazinolysis, suggesting that peptide-bound oligosaccharides were partially inaccessible to the lectin. Molecular exclusion chromatography of the oligosaccharides released by hydrazinolysis revealed a broad distribution ranging from Mr 4,000 to 15,000 with a median Mr of approximately 8,000. We extended the above observations by determining how the steroid hormones 17-beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone affected synthesis of the LAG-containing oligosaccharides in ovariectomized mice. Generally, E2 and a number of E2 agonists stimulated glycoconjugate synthesis; however, chronic E2 treatment or combined treatment with E2 plus progesterone caused the synthesis of most glycosaminoglycans to return to basal levels. In contrast, E2 either alone or in combination with progesterone stimulated synthesis of LAG-containing oligosaccharides in preference not only to glycosaminoglycans but also to other classes of N-linked oligosaccharides. This effect was apparent during both priming and nidatory E2 treatments. Collectively, these data provide the first demonstration of LAG-containing oligosaccharides in uteri and for the hormonally regulated synthesis of lactosaminoglycans. In addition, this is the first demonstration of the ability of steroid hormones to induce the synthesis of certain types of N-linked oligosaccharides in preference to others in the same tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston 77030
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Dutt A, Tang JP, Carson DD. Estrogen preferentially stimulates lactosaminoglycan-containing oligosaccharide synthesis in mouse uteri. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)69201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Karanth S, Dutt A, Juneja HS. Age-related release of prolactin by the pituitary and the pituitary-hypothalamic complex in vitro: an attempt to describe the development of the hypothalamic prolactin-inhibiting and -releasing activities in male rats. J Endocrinol 1987; 115:405-9. [PMID: 3443803 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1150405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the pituitary hypothalamic complex (PHC) is a good model for studying interactions between the hypothalamus and pituitary in vitro. The amount of prolactin secreted by the PHC is an index of prolactin secreted by the pituitary in the presence of hypothalamic control, while the amount released by the whole pituitary alone is an index of prolactin secreted in the absence of hypothalamic control. The amount of prolactin secreted by the PHC has been regarded as an index of hypothalamic prolactin-releasing activity (HPRA), while the difference in the amounts of prolactin secreted by the whole pituitary and the PHC is the hypothalamic prolactin-inhibiting activity (HPIA). Attempts were made to correlate HPRA and HPIA to the development of serum concentrations of prolactin from days 7 to 77 in male rats. The HPRA increased steadily from days 7 to 56, decreased significantly on day 63 and thereafter remained unchanged until day 77. The HPIA was low on days 7 and 14 and increased steadily up to day 49, with no further significant variations. The developmental patterns of HPRA and HPIA were comparable up to day 49. Serum concentrations of prolactin increased significantly until day 28 and remained fairly constant until day 49. The weight of the pituitary gland increased from 1.0 +/- 0.03 mg (mean +/- S.E.M.) on day 7 to 7.76 +/- 0.32 mg on day 63 and remained unchanged thereafter. The weight of the hypothalamic islet was 31.5 +/- 2.88 mg on day 7, 34.83 +/- 1.45 mg on day 14 and 50.4 +/- 4.01 mg on day 21. After day 21 the weights of the hypothalamic islets were not significantly altered, except on day 49. It was concluded that serum concentrations of prolactin are regulated by interaction or competition between HPRA and HPIA at the level of the pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karanth
- Division of Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Research in Reproduction (ICMR), Parel, Bombay, India
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Roy R, Karanth S, Dutt A, Juneja HS. Involvement of prostaglandin A1 in interrupting early pregnancy in Syrian golden hamsters. Adv Contracept 1987; 3:341-8. [PMID: 3128059 DOI: 10.1007/bf01849292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a single administration of authentic prostaglandin A1 intravaginally in early pregnant hamsters were investigated. A single dose of 1 mcg/animal given on day 4 of pregnancy inhibited the appearance of embryonic swellings when observed on day 8 of pregnancy. A significant fall (p less than 0.01) in FSH with a rise (p less than 0.03) in prolactin concentration in the serum and no change in LH levels were observed. The pituitary content of prolactin showed a significant decrease (p less than 0.0006) with no change in FSH and LH contents. Progesterone concentration in the serum was markedly reduced (p less than 0.002), along with that of the ovaries (p less than 0.01). The decline in progesterone concentration coincided with the absence of corpora lutea and the embryos. However, no change in ovarian weights was observed. These results indicate the contragestive potential of prostaglandin A1. It appears to act as a luteolytic agent by disrupting the luteotropic complex (FSH:prolactin ratio).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roy
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093
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Abstract
The synthesis of various glycoconjugate classes by mouse uteri during the pre- and peri-implantation period has been examined using [3H]glucosamine as a metabolic precursor. A unique and dramatic (five- to sixfold) increase was observed in the synthesis of hyaluronate on the day upon which embryo implantation normally occurs. Mated, but nonpregnant mice did not display increased hyaluronate biosynthesis. In contrast to hyaluronate, the synthesis of most other types of glycoconjugates remained fairly constant during the first 5 days of pregnancy. Low (1500-5000)-molecular-weight N-linked oligosaccharides constituted the major class of oligosaccharides synthesized under all conditions. High (greater than 10,000)-molecular-weight glycoconjugates constituted the second most abundant class of glycoconjugates synthesized (20-30%). Most (85%) of the newly synthesized hyaluronate was associated with the nonepithelial cell types of the uterus. Experiments using ovariectomized mice receiving steroid hormones demonstrated that uterine hyaluronate synthesis was induced preferentially by an artificial decidual stimulus and implicated stromal cells as the site of hyaluronate synthesis. In addition, it was demonstrated that tissue culture plates coated with hyaluronate, but not other polysaccharides, support attachment and spreading of a large fraction (60 to 70%) of embryos cultured in serum-free medium. Collectively, these studies indicate that increased hyaluronate biosynthesis accompanies decidual responses in the endometrium and may promote embryo implantation following initial penetration of the uterine epithelium.
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Abstract
The cell type specificity of glycoconjugate synthesis between the epithelial and stromal cells of the uterus is described. Lactosaminoglycans (LAGs) constituted a major fraction of the cell-associated glycoconjugates synthesized by epithelial, but not stromal, cells. Furthermore, LAGs comprised the bulk (greater than 90%) of glycoconjugates that could be released from epithelial cell surfaces by proteases. Several lines of evidence indicate that the epithelial cell-specific lactosaminoglycans appear to interact directly with a cell surface galactosyltransferase (GalTase). This includes the observation that agents that perturb galactosyltransferase function also interrupt epithelial cell adhesion and cause LAG release from the cell layer. In addition, LAGs are galactosylated when UDP-[3H]galactose is added to intact epithelial cell layers. Interference with cell surface GalTase activity with alpha-lactalbumin or UDP-galactose, but not other agents, specifically interrupted epithelial cell adhesion; however, the same agents had absolutely no effect on stromal cells. Collectively, these studies describe the novel occurrence of lactosaminoglycans on cell surfaces in an adult tissue other than hematopoietic cells and provide evidence for cell type-specific involvement of lactosaminoglycans in uterine cell adhesion processes.
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Abstract
Comparative studies on the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (Prl) by the whole pituitary, pituitary plus hypothalamus and pituitary-hypothalamus complex (PHC) were undertaken to choose an appropriate model for studying the hypothalamus-pituitary interactions in vitro and to relate the importance of the intact neural connections between pituitary and hypothalamus on hypothalamus-pituitary interactions. Also the effect of including dopamine (DA) at 1 X 10(-7) mol/1 in these different in vitro systems on the release of LH, FSH and Prl was investigated. The pituitary released increasing amounts of LH and FSH at 2, 4 and 6 h but the amount of Prl released remained unchanged. The rates of release of LH, FSH and Prl by the pituitary were different and were characteristic of each hormone. Co-incubation of pituitary with hypothalamus stimulated the release of LH and FSH but inhibited the release of Prl. Pituitary-hypothalamus complex behaved almost identical to behaved almost identical to pituitary plus hypothalamus system. Inclusion of 1 X 10(-7) M DA in the incubation medium stimulated the release of LH (80%) but inhibited the release of Prl (71%) by PHC. FSH was unaffected. DA had no significant effect on the release of LH, FSH and Prl by pituitary and pituitary plus hypothalamus systems. It is suggested that PHC is the system of choice for studying hypothalamus-pituitary interactions in vitro.
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Karanth S, Gill MK, Dutt A, Lehri N, Juneja HS. Ontogeny of serum and pituitary gonadotrophins in male rats treated with low doses of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. J Endocrinol 1986; 108:369-75. [PMID: 3084694 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1080369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of s.c. daily injections of 10 or 1000 ng 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)100 g body weight from birth to day 21, or from days 26 to 117 of age, on the changes in concentration of serum and pituitary gonadotrophins was investigated in male rats. Treatment with 10 ng DHT from days 1 to 21 depressed serum FSH, but not LH, at day 7, while 1000 ng DHT depressed both serum LH and FSH. Treatment with both doses of DHT reduced pituitary levels of LH and FSH at day 7, with FSH being more depressed than LH. Treatment with 10 ng DHT from days 26 to 117 increased serum FSH from days 82 to 117, while 1000 ng DHT did not have this effect. Treatment with 1000 ng, but not 10 ng, DHT between days 26 and 117 reduced pituitary levels of LH and FSH at day 40. Rats treated with the two doses of DHT from days 26 to 117 showed a difference in the responsiveness of the pituitary to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH). Treatment with 10 ng DHT enhanced LHRH-induced release of LH without affecting FSH release, while 1000 ng DHT depressed LHRH-induced release of FSH but not of LH. These findings support the view that DHT may play a modulatory role in the ontogeny of serum gonadotrophins and the responsiveness of the pituitary to LHRH during the onset of puberty in the male rat.
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Abstract
The effects of the steroid hormones 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone on N-linked glycoprotein assembly in ovariectomized mice have been examined. Both priming and nidatory E2 markedly stimulate [3H]mannose incorporation (3- to 6-fold) into uterine glycoproteins, whereas uterine bulk protein synthesis is not stimulated under the same conditions. Progesterone alone stimulates glycoprotein synthesis modestly (1.5-fold) over that in oil-injected controls, but antagonizes the action of E2 when coinjected with the estrogen. The E2 effect is not systemic, because livers from these same animals do not display an increase in glycoprotein synthesis. When mice were injected with tamoxifen or clomiphene, two drugs that mimic E2 actions in uteri without inducing the full extent of cell proliferation that normally accompanies E2 treatment, a similar enhancement of uterine glycoprotein synthesis was observed. Although mannosylphosphoryldolichol synthase activity rose in parallel with glycoprotein synthesis during E2 priming, the apparent activities of two other enzymes involved in the assembly of N-linked glycoproteins, namely chitobiosylpyrophosphoryldolichol synthase and oligosaccharyltransferase, remained relatively unchanged. Furthermore, the apparent in vivo rate of dolichol phosphorylation was not altered during E2 priming. Supplementation of uterine tissue slices with dolichylphosphate failed to enhance the rate of protein glycosylation in vivo. In addition, changes in the pool sizes of GDP-mannose did not correlate with changes in the in vivo rate of glycoprotein synthesis. Collectively, these observations indicate that the E2-dependent increase in glycoprotein synthesis is not likely to be due to increased enzyme activities for oligosaccharide assembly or transfer to protein, increased dolichylphosphate availability, or increased sugar nucleotide availability. To study the effects of E2 on the production of specific glycoproteins, the pattern of [3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins produced as a function of days of E2 priming was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Estrogen priming induced the secretion of 9-11 [3H]mannose-labeled glycoproteins by uteri; however, the pattern of tissue-associated glycoproteins remained constant throughout this interval. It appears, therefore, that estrogen priming induces the secretion of a few specific glycoproteins while generally enhancing the production of most tissue-associated glycoproteins. Most (70%) of the [3H]mannose-labeled oligosaccharide chains of these glycoproteins were of the polymannose type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Gill MK, Karanth S, Dutt A, Juneja HS. Effect of castration and steroid treatment on the release of gonadotropins by the rat pituitary-hypothalamus complex in vitro. Horm Metab Res 1985; 17:141-6. [PMID: 3922864 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1013474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Comparative in vitro studies on the release of LH and FSH by pituitary-hypothalamus complex (PHC) with intact portal plexus and whole pituitary (PI) from adult male rats showed that PHC released LH at a greater rate and in larger amounts than PI. PHC and PI released FSH in comparable amounts and rates. Attempts were made to correlate serum gonadotropin levels to that released by PHC and PI at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 46 days of post-castration (PC). Sham operated animals served as controls. Castration increased serum LH and FSH levels but in different profiles. CPHC and CPI (PHC and PI from castrated rats) released less LH than NPHC and NPI (PHC and PI from sham operated controls) till day 14 PC after which CPHC and CPI released more LH than NPHC and NPI respectively. Castration abolished the intrinsic capacity of PHC to secrete more LH than PI. CPHC and CPI secreted significantly less FSH than NPHC and NPI at 1, 3 and 7 days PC. At days 14 and 21 of post-castration PCNCP or CPI and NPHC or NPI released similar amounts of FSH. Administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 1 mg/rat/day) or estradiol valerate (EV, 1 microgram/rat/day) immediately following castration prevented the rise in serum LH and FSH but increased the amounts of LH and FSH released by CPHC and CPI. The treatment caused a marked stimulation of FSH released by CPI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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