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Gocieková V, Stašek A, Ševčíková A, Gore-Gorszewska G. The Role of Ageist Sexual Stereotypes in the Network of Sexual Difficulties, Sex and Relationship Satisfaction Among Adults Aged 50. J Sex Res 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38329928 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2024.2307441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
As people age, their sexual activity, including sexual and relationship satisfaction, may change due to the onset of health and sexual difficulties and the activation of internalized ageist sexual stereotypes. We studied whether ageist sexual stereotypes were relevant for the importance of sex for people aged 50+ and how sexual and relationship satisfaction are interlinked with health and sexual difficulties when ageist sexual stereotypes are considered. Data for the network analysis were collected from a sample of 897 Czechs and Slovaks aged 50-96 (52% men, mean age = 62.01). Two models were analyzed - with and without the inclusion of ageist sexual stereotypes. The findings indicated that ageist sexual stereotypes play an important role in the sexuality of women and men aged 50 + .The fewer ageist sexual stereotypes people had, the less sexual difficulties they reported and the more they perceived sex as important. The inclusion of stereotypes into the models, however, weakened the negative link between sexual difficulties and the importance of sex for both women and men. These findings show that the effect of ageist sexual stereotypes are likely complex in the sexual lives of people aged 50 +.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Gocieková
- The Psychology Research Institute, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University
| | - Andrea Stašek
- The Psychology Research Institute, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- The Psychology Research Institute, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University
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Rabelová A, Ševčíková A, Svačinka S. Beyond success: Understanding the characteristics of long-term relationships in older age. J Fam Psychol 2024; 38:17-25. [PMID: 37883017 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has focused on couples who were successful in maintaining a long-term relationship. However, there is a knowledge gap in what characterizes late-life long-term partnerships and what holds them together. Using the grounded theory, we analyzed 29 interviews with 65+ year olds (11 men, age median = 72) who were in relationships of 25+ years. We explored the present state of the relationship, looking beyond the understanding that long-term relationships, by virtue of being long, are successful. Older people saw their partnerships as indivisible, without implying that they were satisfied and, despite challenges, preferred to sustain them (a) because alternatives were perceived as poor, (b) too much would be lost, and (c) to maintain the status quo and maintain calm at every cost. Feeling indivisible implied "entrapment" to some. Others felt that peace-eliciting stability and security were enhanced by the accumulated joint experience of the partners. The findings challenge the view that later life long-term relationships are the outcome of success and point to mechanisms that keep couples together at older age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rabelová
- Faculty of Social Studies, Psychology Research Institute, Masaryk University
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- Faculty of Social Studies, Psychology Research Institute, Masaryk University
| | - Stanislav Svačinka
- Faculty of Social Studies, Psychology Research Institute, Masaryk University
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3
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Svačinka S, Ševčíková A, Gottfried J. Exploring challenges in later-life relationships: a qualitative study of the queries posted on counselling websites. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1245736. [PMID: 38022986 PMCID: PMC10644207 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1245736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Divorce rates among individuals aged 50 and above are on the rise. Given the greater life expectancy compared to previous generations, this is an issue that is affecting an increasing number of people. Therefore, it warrants an inquiry into the challenges these individuals encounter in their intimate relationships. Methods This study analyzed 225 relationship-related queries posted on Czech counselling websites to identify the strains and stressor patterns that older adults face in their relationships. The queries were limited to those that concerned themes and problems related to partnerships, were posted by one of the partners aged 60 or over, and were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Four main relationship issues were identified: infidelity and jealousy; relationship estrangement and cooling; undesirable changes in personality; and illness and somatic issues. Additionally, three recurring themes were identified that made the problems more demanding and that were specific to older age: lack of norms for relationships in that age group, absence of resources to tackle the issues, and personal calculation for Time Spent and Time Remaining. Discussion The research found that the types of problems encountered by older adults were similar to those experienced by younger individuals. However, the way these problems were perceived and processed was influenced by specific aspects of aging, such as societal expectations, available coping resources, and the perception of time. The findings also highlighted the challenges faced by older adults in terms of relationship norms, sexual functioning, and personality changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Svačinka
- Psychology Research Institute, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- Psychology Research Institute, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Gottfried
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, South Bohemia, Czechia
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Gore-Gorszewska G, Ševčíková A. Trajectories of intimacy in later-life: a qualitative study of Czech and Polish narratives. Cult Health Sex 2023; 25:1324-1339. [PMID: 36527453 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2022.2155708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intimacy has been identified as an important component of satisfying sexual activity in later life. While the existing literature reports that the importance of intimacy increases with age, the mechanisms behind this process have not been extensively researched. Even less is known about later-life sexual intimacy among women and men from former communist countries. This study explored the nuances of sex and intimacy by interviewing 50 Polish and Czech women and men aged 60 to 82. Data were analysed thematically using an inductive approach. Three main themes were developed to represent the extent to which intimacy was part of participants' lives: 1) lifelong representation of sex as an intimate connection between individuals; 2) later-life shift towards intimacy-oriented sex for two main reasons: health-related necessities and a new relationship context; and 3) no intimacy whatsoever. The study findings indicate that a later-life refocus from an instrumental, penetrative-oriented view of sex towards a wider variety of intimate behaviours may be beneficial, not only for improving quality of sexual life, but also to gain new ways to express emotional connections between the partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Ševčíková A, Blinka L, Židlická A, Faltýnková A. Sexual Difficulties in People 50+: A Content Analysis of Sex-related Queries Posted on Professional Counseling Websites. Health Commun 2023; 38:958-966. [PMID: 34615416 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1984629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although sexual activity has been found to be both important and challenging for people aged 50+, relatively little is known about the concerns that they have with respect to their sexual lives and how help-seeking behavior manifests on counseling platforms. A sample of 293 sex-related queries that Czechs aged 50+ posted on professional counseling websites were subjected to a quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The majority of posts were written by men and their dominant issues were erectile difficulties, partner's lack of interest in sex, and drug use/interaction when treating sexual difficulties and other ailments. Using a thematic analysis, the study showed that sex-related concerns were based within the context of worries about maintaining relationships and re-partnering in mid- and later life, and probing for the normal aspects of aging and the associated changes in sexual health. The online setting of the counseling websites facilitated the posting of both general and personalized queries to get oriented in problems, to triangulate with previous information, and to check the treatability of difficulties when past treatments failed. These findings suggest that online counseling puts a great demand on professionals' knowledge and understanding of the specifics of later-life sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ševčíková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University
| | - Lukas Blinka
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University
| | - Anna Židlická
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University
| | - Anna Faltýnková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University
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Ševčíková A, Gottfried J, Gocieková V, Gore-Gorszewska G, Blinka L, Kotík J. The Role of Non-penetrative Partnered Sex Activities in the Associations Among Erectile Difficulties, Sex and Relationship Satisfaction in Men Aged 50. Int J Sex Health 2023; 35:30-40. [PMID: 38596765 PMCID: PMC10903707 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2169850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives This study examined the associations among erectile difficulties, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction, and whether there is a buffering effect of non-penetrative partnered sex on relationship satisfaction in men aged 50+ who report erectile difficulties. Methods An analysis of survey data from 431 Czech men (aged 50-96, Mdn = 64). Results Engagement in non-penetrative partnered sex did not moderate the relationship between erectile difficulties and sexual and relationship satisfaction, but it was linked to higher sexual and relationship satisfaction. Conclusions The buffering effect of non-penetrative practices for the link between erectile difficulties and relationship satisfaction has not been supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ševčíková
- Psychology Research Institute, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Gottfried
- Psychology Research Institute, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Gocieková
- Psychology Research Institute, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lukas Blinka
- Psychology Research Institute, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotík
- Psychology Research Institute, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Blinka L, Stašek A, Šablatúrová N, Ševčíková A, Husarova D. Adolescents' problematic internet and smartphone use in (cyber)bullying experiences: A network analysis. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2023; 28:60-66. [PMID: 36526270 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates both offline and online bullying perpetration and victimization in association with problematic internet use (PIU) and problematic smartphone use (PSU), while also considering the related psychosocial difficulties. METHODS A total of 3939 adolescents (49.4% boys, aged 13-15 years) from a representative sample of schools in Slovakia was obtained from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) project in 2018. Due to the lack of similar complex research and the expected mutual associations among the constructs, we compared exploratory network models that provided separate estimates for boys and girls. RESULTS The constructs formed similarly clustered networks for both genders, with a few notable differences. Unlike PIU, PSU was not associated with bullying experiences in boys or girls; however, PSU and PIU were partially related in girls. Bullying experiences formed a strong cluster in both networks. Two strong bridges were identified, and they are potential candidates for intervention in both boys and girls: first, traditional bullying victimization connected the cluster of bullying experiences to psychosocial difficulties; and, second, frequently missing sleep or meals due to internet use (behavioral salience) that is connected to the bullying cluster with PIU. CONCLUSIONS The findings offer an indication for the preventive and interventive work of practitioners who deal with adolescents, as well as complex gender comparisons for the mutual relations of problematic internet and smartphone use, bullying experiences, and the psychosocial difficulties of youth. This study provides evidence that problematic digital media can play a role in bullying experiences irrespective of whether bullying happens offline or online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Blinka
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Stašek
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nika Šablatúrová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology and Methodology Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
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Wright MF, Wachs S, Yanagida T, Ševčíková A, Dědková L, Bayraktar F, Aoyama I, Kamble SV, Macháčková H, Li Z, Soudi S, Lei L, Shu C. Coping with Public and Private Face-to-Face and Cyber Victimization among Adolescents in Six Countries: Roles of Severity and Country. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14405. [PMID: 36361294 PMCID: PMC9653802 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of medium (face-to-face, cyber) and publicity (public, private) in adolescents' perceptions of severity and coping strategies (i.e., avoidant, ignoring, helplessness, social support seeking, retaliation) for victimization, while accounting for gender and cultural values. There were 3432 adolescents (ages 11-15, 49% girls) in this study; they were from China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States. Adolescents completed questionnaires on individualism and collectivism, and ratings of coping strategies and severity for public face-to-face victimization, private face-to-face victimization, public cyber victimization, and private cyber victimization. Findings revealed similarities in adolescents' coping strategies based on perceptions of severity, publicity, and medium for some coping strategies (i.e., social support seeking, retaliation) but differential associations for other coping strategies (i.e., avoidance, helplessness, ignoring). The results of this study are important for prevention and intervention efforts because they underscore the importance of teaching effective coping strategies to adolescents, and to consider how perceptions of severity, publicity, and medium might influence the implementation of these coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F. Wright
- DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
- Dublin City University, D09 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sebastian Wachs
- Dublin City University, D09 Dublin, Ireland
- University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ikuko Aoyama
- Tsuru University, Tsuru, Yamanashi 402-8555, Japan
| | | | | | - Zheng Li
- Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shruti Soudi
- Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Li Lei
- Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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9
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Blinka L, Ševčíková A, Dreier M, Škařupová K, Wölfling K. Online Sex Addiction: A Qualitative Analysis of Symptoms in Treatment-Seeking Men. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:907549. [PMID: 35873234 PMCID: PMC9302710 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.907549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic sexual internet use has been attracting increasing research attention in recent years. However, there is a paucity of qualitative studies about how this problem manifests on a daily basis in the clinical population and whether the phenomenon should fall within the hypersexual, compulsive-impulsive, or addictive spectrums of disorders. METHODS Twenty-three semi-structured interviews, including AICA-C clinical interviews, were conducted with men who were in treatment for problematic internet sex use (aged 22-53; Mage = 35.82). The interview structure focused on the patterns of sexual behavior in question, their development, the manifestation of symptoms, and other associated psychosocial problems. A thematic analysis was applied as the main analytical strategy. RESULTS Typical problematic patterns included pornography use and cybersex, together with continuous masturbation for several hours several times a week. This pattern emerged relatively early in young adulthood and became persistent for years. The majority of participants fulfilled the criteria for behavioral addiction (as defined, e.g., by the components model of addiction), with loss of control and preoccupation being the most pronounced and withdrawal symptoms being the least. Together with the onset of erectile dysfunction, negative consequences were reported as being slowly built up over years and typically in the form of deep life dissatisfaction, regret, and feelings of unfulfilled potential. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The Addiction model is relevant for describing the difficulties in treatment-seeking men who suffer from problematic sexual internet use. However, the manifestations of the additional criteria are nuanced. In the case of negative consequences, their onset might be very slow and not easily reflected. While there was evidence of several forms of tolerance, potential withdrawal symptoms in online sex addiction need further attention to be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Blinka
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michael Dreier
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katerina Škařupová
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Šablatúrová N, Gottfried J, Blinka L, Ševčíková A, Husarova D. Eating disorders symptoms and excessive internet use in adolescents: the role of internalising and externalising problems. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:152. [PMID: 34802454 PMCID: PMC8607794 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both eating disorders and excessive internet use represent significant health issues for contemporary adolescents. Yet, the link between them has seldom been investigated. We aim to study this association through their common underlying psychological factors: internalising problems and externalising problems. METHODS A representative sample of 7,083 adolescents (Mage = 13.48 years; SDage = 1.32; 50.3% girls) from Slovakia was obtained from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) project in 2018. Study variables included the Excessive Internet Use Scale (EIU) and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Eating disorders symptoms (EDS) were assessed by SCOFF and selected items from the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care (ESP). Data were analysed separately for boys and girls with Structural Equation Modelling. RESULTS There was a partial correlation between EDS and EIU (r = 0.36 for boys and r = 0.29 for girls) after controlling for the internalising and externalising of problems. Internalising and externalising problems were positively associated with EDS, while EIU was only associated with externalising problems. The results were comparable for both genders. CONCLUSION The study provides evidence that, during adolescence, EDS and EIU are related and have a tendency to occur together. Also, they are related even when controlled for their shared underlying psychological factors, namely the emotional and attentional/behavioural difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Šablatúrová
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Gottfried
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Blinka
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology and Methodology Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
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Ševčíková A, Gottfried J, Blinka L. Associations among Sexual Activity, Relationship Types, and Health in Mid and Later Life. Arch Sex Behav 2021; 50:2667-2677. [PMID: 34427846 PMCID: PMC8383927 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing amount of research on sexuality in mid and later life, relatively little is known about the associations among sexual activity, relationship types, and health. This paper analyzes data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for the subpopulation of respondents residing in the Czech Republic (N = 1304, 49% women; Mage = 69.1, SDage = 8.0). Hierarchical ordinal regression models showed that persons who stayed in newly formed or less traditional relationship types, such as dating, Living-Apart-Together (LAT) relationships, and cohabitation, reported a higher frequency of sexual activity than married people. Overall, the dating and LAT relationship group displayed the highest sexual frequency and the lowest incidence of chronic diseases. People in marriages and cohabitation were comparable with respect to the number of chronic diseases. The findings suggest that sexual activity is intertwined with later-life relationships and sexual frequency may vary according to the relationship type. Future research may benefit from probing the extent to which partnered sex is important for maintaining bonds between older partners with separate households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ševčíková
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Gottfried
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Blinka
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Blinka L, Šablatúrová N, Ševčíková A, Husarova D. Social constraints associated with excessive internet use in adolescents: the role of family, school, peers, and neighbourhood. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:1279-1287. [PMID: 32844251 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excessive internet use (EIU) has been studied predominantly within the context of individual risk factors. Less attention has been paid to social factors, especially in a fashion complex enough to include the multiple domains of adolescent socialization. This study examined the relationship between EIU and constraints within family, school, peer groups, and neighbourhoods, while controlling for emotional and behavioural difficulties. METHODS This study was based on survey data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, which was conducted in Slovakia in 2018. The sample of representative adolescents totalled 8400 (mean age: 13.44 years; SDage = 1.33; 50.9% boys). RESULTS Multiple-step linear regression revealed that, after controlling for sociodemographic factors and emotional and behavioural difficulties, peer problems had the least effect, while the constraints related to family and neighbourhood stood out as especially problematic. Combined variables explained 20% variance of EIU. CONCLUSIONS Social constraints proved to be important factors in adolescent EIU. The important role of a problematic neighbourhood is a novel finding and suggests that it should be targeted in prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Blinka
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Nika Šablatúrová
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology and Methodology Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sedláková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Ševčíková A, Sedláková T. The Role of Sexual Activity from the Perspective of Older Adults: A Qualitative Study. Arch Sex Behav 2020; 49:969-981. [PMID: 32026220 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing amount of literature on aging and sexual activity, there are still a limited number of studies that capture older people's understanding of sexuality in later life. This study explored the meanings that older people ascribe to sexual activity and how these meanings relate to the continuation, the decline, and the complete cessation of sexual activity. Thirty in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with Czechs aged 50-75 years (13 men) who were recruited through a preventive cognitive health program offered at a hospital. The analysis was carried out with a grounded theory approach and the principles of consensual qualitative research. The study identified three dominant understandings of sexual activity in later life that emerged as a reflection of the aging process. The first was sexual activity within a relationship that represented proof of being with someone and where sexual inactivity was linked to the threat of loneliness. The second concerned sexual pleasure and its continuity in later life, while its loss gave room for affliction and the emergence of ageist beliefs. The third linked sexual activity with the connotations of self-identifying as young versus being self-perceived as really old. The study findings suggest that the understanding of sexual activity in later life is ambivalent. Its continuity is viewed as an instrument for mitigating the markers of getting old, while the threat of its decline may activate older people's desire for asexual aging and negative views on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ševčíková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tatiana Sedláková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Faltýnková A, Blinka L, Ševčíková A, Husarova D. The Associations between Family-Related Factors and Excessive Internet Use in Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17051754. [PMID: 32182673 PMCID: PMC7084393 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between Excessive Internet Use (EIU) in adolescents and their family environment, namely the family type, the family economic status, the effect of parental care, the level of parental control, the amount of parental monitoring, the quality of communication, and the time spent together. The study was based on data from an international survey, Health Behaviour in School Aged Children (HBSC), conducted in Slovakia. The sample representative for adolescents included 2547 participants (51% boys) aged 13–15. Multiple-step linear regression revealed that higher parental care and parental monitoring predicted lower EIU, while higher parental overprotection and lower socioeconomic status predicted higher EIU. The results suggest that both so-called optimal parenting (i.e., the balance of emotional warmth and protection) and the adolescent′s autonomy lower the risk of EIU. Family factors explained about 14% of the variance, which suggests that aside from personal, cognitive and affective factors, a close social environment also plays an important role in adolescence EIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Faltýnková
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno 601 77, Czech Republic; (A.F.); (A.Š.)
| | - Lukas Blinka
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno 601 77, Czech Republic; (A.F.); (A.Š.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno 601 77, Czech Republic; (A.F.); (A.Š.)
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology and Methodology Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Košice 040 01, Slovakia;
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Ševčíková A, Blinka L, Soukalová V. Excessive Internet use for Sexual Purposes Among Members of Sexaholics Anonymous and Sex Addicts Anonymous. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10720162.2018.1431166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ševčíková
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masarykova Univerzita Fakulta socialnich studii, Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Blinka
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masarykova Univerzita Fakulta socialnich studii, Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Veronika Soukalová
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masarykova Univerzita Fakulta socialnich studii, Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Brno, Czech Republic
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Wright MF, Yanagida T, Macháčková H, Dědková L, Ševčíková A, Aoyama I, Bayraktar F, Kamble SV, Li Z, Soudi S, Lei L, Shu C. Face-to-face and Cyber Victimization among Adolescents in Six Countries: The Interaction between Attributions and Coping Strategies. J Child Adolesc Trauma 2018; 11:99-112. [PMID: 32318141 PMCID: PMC7163868 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-018-0210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of publicity (private, public) and medium (face-to-face, cyber) on the associations between attributions (i.e., self-blame, aggressor-blame) and coping strategies (i.e., social support, retaliation, ignoring, helplessness) for hypothetical victimization scenarios among 3,442 adolescents (age range 11-15 years; 49% girls) from China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States. When Indian and Czech adolescents made more of the aggressor-blame attribution, they used retaliation more for public face-to-face victimization when compared to private face-to-face victimization and public and private cyber victimization. In addition, helplessness was used more for public face-to-face victimization when Chinese adolescents utilized more of the aggressor-blame attribution and the self-blame attribution. Similar patterns were found for Cypriot adolescents, the self-blame attribution, and ignoring. The results have implications for the development of prevention and intervention programs that take into account the various contexts of peer victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fatih Bayraktar
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | | | - Zheng Li
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | | | - Li Lei
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Wright MF, Yanagida T, Aoyama I, Ševčíková A, Macháčková H, Dědková L, Li Z, Kamble SV, Bayraktar F, Soudi S, Lei L, Shu C. Differences in Severity and Emotions for Public and Private Face-to-Face and Cyber Victimization Across Six Countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022116675413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of medium (face-to-face, cyber) and publicity (public, private) in perceptions of severity and emotional responses to victimization among adolescents from China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States, while controlling for gender, individualism, and collectivism. There were 3,432 adolescents (age range = 11-15 years, 49% girls) included in this study. They read four hypothetical victimization scenarios, which were manipulated based on the medium and publicity, including public face-to-face victimization, private face-to-face victimization, public cyber victimization, and private cyber victimization. After reading the scenarios, adolescents rated the severity of each scenario and their feelings of anger, sadness, and embarrassment following victimization. Overall, higher severity related to each of the emotional responses. Furthermore, greater perceptions of severity increased adolescents’ feelings of anger, sadness, and embarrassment more often for public victimization and face-to-face victimization than for private victimization and cyber victimization. Some variations were found in these associations based on country of origin. The findings from this study indicate that perceived severity and emotional responses are different in various victimization contexts. Therefore, it is important to consider various victimization contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zheng Li
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Fatih Bayraktar
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta, Cyprus
| | | | - Li Lei
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Ševčíková A, Blinka L, Soukalová V. A Qualitative Analysis of Out-of-Control Use of the Internet for Sexual Purposes. J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.04.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ševčíková A, Lichá J, Blinka L. The Role of Sexuality in Establishing Long-Term Relationships in Late Life. J Sex Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.04.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ševčíková
- Faculty of Social Studies, Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Masaryk University, Brno, the Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Blinka
- Faculty of Social Studies, Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Masaryk University, Brno, the Czech Republic
| | - Kristian Daneback
- Department of Social Work, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Ševčíková A. Girls' and boys' experience with teen sexting in early and late adolescence. J Adolesc 2016; 51:156-62. [PMID: 27391169 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the extent to which sexting represents a problematic behavior in early and late adolescence. Using data from the EU Kids Online II project (17,016 participants aged 11-16 from 25 European countries, 49.7% boys), multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for four groups: younger girls, older girls, younger boys, and older boys. Irrespective of age and gender, sexting was associated with emotional problems and alcohol use. Its effect decreased in older adolescents, except for emotional difficulties, which remained relatively high in older boys. Vaginal sex was associated with sexting in both younger and older boys while, in girls, the association was observed only in the older group. Younger boys with higher self-efficacy were more likely to send sexts than those with lower self-efficacy. Although sexting is associated with psychological challenges and other types of risk behavior, sexting in some younger boys may not necessarily represent problematic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ševčíková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Families, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Wright MF, Yanagida T, Aoyama I, Dědková L, Li Z, Kamble SV, Bayraktar F, Ševčíková A, Soudi S, Macháčková H, Lei L, Shu C. Differences in Attributions for Public and Private Face-to-face and Cyber Victimization Among Adolescents in China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States. J Genet Psychol 2016; 178:1-14. [PMID: 27379372 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2016.1185083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The authors' aim was to investigate gender and cultural differences in the attributions used to determine causality for hypothetical public and private face-to-face and cyber victimization scenarios among 3,432 adolescents (age range = 11-15 years; 49% girls) from China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States, while accounting for their individualism and collectivism. Adolescents completed a questionnaire on cultural values and read four hypothetical victimization scenarios, including public face-to-face victimization, public cyber victimization, private face-to-face victimization, and private cyber victimization. After reading the scenarios, they rated different attributions (i.e., self-blame, aggressor-blame, joking, normative, conflict) according to how strongly they believed the attributions explained why victimization occurred. Overall, adolescents reported that they would utilize the attributions of self-blame, aggressor-blame, and normative more for public forms of victimization and face-to-face victimization than for private forms of victimization and cyber victimization. Differences were found according to gender and country of origin as well. Such findings underscore the importance of delineating between different forms of victimization when examining adolescents' attributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Wright
- a Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Takuya Yanagida
- b School of Applied Health and Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria , Linz , Austria
| | - Ikuko Aoyama
- c Office for the Promotion of Global Education Programs, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Lenka Dědková
- a Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Zheng Li
- d Department of Psychology , Renmin University of China , Beijing , China.,e Curry School of Education, University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia
| | | | - Fatih Bayraktar
- a Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,g Department of Psychology , Eastern Mediterranean University , Famagusta , North Cyprus
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- a Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Shruti Soudi
- f Department of Psychology , Karnatak University , Dharwad , India
| | - Hana Macháčková
- a Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Li Lei
- d Department of Psychology , Renmin University of China , Beijing , China
| | - Chang Shu
- d Department of Psychology , Renmin University of China , Beijing , China
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ševčíková
- Faculty of Social Studies, Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic,
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Bayraktar F, Machackova H, Dedkova L, Cerna A, Ševčíková A. Cyberbullying: The Discriminant Factors Among Cyberbullies, Cybervictims, and Cyberbully-Victims in a Czech Adolescent Sample. J Interpers Violence 2015; 30:3192-3216. [PMID: 25411234 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514555006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the research on cyberbullying has increased dramatically in recent years, still little is known about how cyberbullying participant groups (i.e., cyberbullies, cybervictims, and cyberbully-victims) differ from one another. This study aims to discriminate between these groups at an individual and relational level by controlling for age and gender. Self-control, offline aggression, and self-esteem are analyzed as individual-level variables. Parental attachment and peer rejection are involved as relational-level variables. A total of 2,092 Czech adolescents aged 12 to 18 were enrolled from a random sample of 34 primary and secondary schools located in the South Moravian region of the Czech Republic. Discriminant function analyses indicated that the participant groups are discriminated by two functions. The first function increases the separation between cyberbullies and cyberbully-victims from cybervictims, indicating that cyberbullies and cyberbully-victims are similar to each other in terms of low self-control, offline aggression, and gender, and have higher scores on measures of low self-esteem and offline aggression. However, cyberbully-victims had the highest scores on these measures. The second function discriminates between all three groups, which indicates that those variables included in the second function (i.e., parental attachment, peer rejection, self-esteem, and age) distinguish all three involved groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Bayraktar
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
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Blinka L, Škařupová K, Ševčíková A, Wölfling K, Müller KW, Dreier M. Excessive internet use in European adolescents: what determines differences in severity? Int J Public Health 2014; 60:249-56. [PMID: 25532555 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-014-0635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the differences between non-excessive, moderately excessive, and highly excessive internet use among adolescents. These differences were explored in terms of personal characteristics, psychological difficulties, environmental factors, and manner of internet use. METHODS A representative sample was investigated, consisting of 18,709 adolescents aged 11-16 and their parents, from 25 European countries. Excessive internet use was measured using a five item scale covering following factors: salience, conflict, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and relapse and reinstatement. The main data analysis utilised multinomial and binary logistic regression models. RESULTS The vast majority of respondents reported no signs of excessive internet use. Moderately excessive users (4.4%) reported higher emotional and behavioural difficulties, but also more sophisticated digital skills and a broader range of online activities. The highly excessive users (1.4%) differed from the non-excessive and moderately excessive users in their preference for online games and in having more difficulties with self-control. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who struggle with attention and self-control and who are inclined toward online gaming may be especially vulnerable to the otherwise uncommon phenomenon of excessive internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Blinka
- Faculty of Social Studies, Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic,
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Polák P, Ševčíková A, Štroblová H, Čermáková Z, Husa P. [A case report of ocular complications of leptospirosis]. Klin Mikrobiol Infekc Lek 2014; 20:15-17. [PMID: 24960259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ocular complications are very frequent in leptospirosis and may develop in both the acute (bacteriemic) and the second (immunologic) phases of the disease. A delayed onset of these complications, even after months or years, is also possible. Keratoconjunctivitis and panuveitis belong to the most frequent signs. Targeted search for patients suspected of having leptospirosis and regular ophthalmological examinations even after cure of the acute illness may lead to early detection of ocular complications and to their specific treatment. Presented are a case report of complicated uveitis due to infection with Leptospira grippotyphosa and a literature overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Polák
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic, e-mail:
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Ševčíková A, Vazsonyi AT, Širůček J, Konečný Š. Predictors of Online and Offline Sexual Activities and Behaviors Among Adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 2013; 16:618-22. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2012.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ševčíková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander T. Vazsonyi
- Department of Family Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jan Širůček
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Konečný
- Department of Management, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ševčíková
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Šmahel
- Institute for Research on Children, Youth, and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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