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Leonov A, Feldman R, Piano A, Arlia-Ciommo A, Junio JAB, Orfanos E, Tafakori T, Lutchman V, Mohammad K, Elsaser S, Orfali S, Rajen H, Titorenko VI. Diverse geroprotectors differently affect a mechanism linking cellular aging to cellular quiescence in budding yeast. Oncotarget 2022; 13:918-943. [PMID: 35937500 PMCID: PMC9348708 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rachel Feldman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Orfanos
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tala Tafakori
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vicky Lutchman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sarah Elsaser
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sandra Orfali
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Harshvardhan Rajen
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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Marcelli N, Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, De Santis C, Di Felice V, Galper AM, Karelin A, Koldashov SV, Koldobskiy S, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Leonov A, Malakhov V, Marcelli L, Martucci M, Mayorov AG, Menn W, Mergè M, Mikhailov VV, Mocchiutti E, Monaco A, Mori N, Munini R, Osteria G, Panico B, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stozhkov YI, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev G, Voronov SA, Yurkin YT, Zampa G, Zampa N, Potgieter MS, Aslam OPM, Bisschoff D. Time dependence of the helium flux measured by PAMELA. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920901004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision measurements of the Z = 2 component in cosmic radiation provide crucial information about the origin and propagation of the second most abundant cosmic ray species in the Galaxy (9% of the total). These measurements, acquired with the PAMELA space experiment orbiting Earth, allow to study solar modulation in details. Helium modulation is compared to the modulation of protons to study possible dependencies on charge and mass. The time dependence of helium fluxes on a monthly basis measured by PAMELA has been studied for the period between July 2006 to January 2016 in the energy range from 800 MeV/n to ~ 20 GeV/n.
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Arlia-Ciommo A, Leonov A, Mohammad K, Beach A, Richard VR, Bourque SD, Burstein MT, Goldberg AA, Kyryakov P, Gomez-Perez A, Koupaki O, Titorenko VI. Mechanisms through which lithocholic acid delays yeast chronological aging under caloric restriction conditions. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34945-34971. [PMID: 30405886 PMCID: PMC6201858 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All presently known geroprotective chemical compounds of plant and microbial origin are caloric restriction mimetics because they can mimic the beneficial lifespan- and healthspan-extending effects of caloric restriction diets without the need to limit calorie supply. We have discovered a geroprotective chemical compound of mammalian origin, a bile acid called lithocholic acid, which can delay chronological aging of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under caloric restriction conditions. Here, we investigated mechanisms through which lithocholic acid can delay chronological aging of yeast limited in calorie supply. We provide evidence that lithocholic acid causes a stepwise development and maintenance of an aging-delaying cellular pattern throughout the entire chronological lifespan of yeast cultured under caloric restriction conditions. We show that lithocholic acid stimulates the aging-delaying cellular pattern and preserves such pattern because it specifically modulates the spatiotemporal dynamics of a complex cellular network. We demonstrate that this cellular network integrates certain pathways of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, some intercompartmental communications, mitochondrial morphology and functionality, and liponecrotic and apoptotic modes of aging-associated cell death. Our findings indicate that lithocholic acid prolongs longevity of chronologically aging yeast because it decreases the risk of aging-associated cell death, thus increasing the chance of elderly cells to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam Beach
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent R Richard
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon D Bourque
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Pavlo Kyryakov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Olivia Koupaki
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Leonov A, Arlia-Ciommo A, Bourque SD, Koupaki O, Kyryakov P, Dakik P, McAuley M, Medkour Y, Mohammad K, Di Maulo T, Titorenko VI. Specific changes in mitochondrial lipidome alter mitochondrial proteome and increase the geroprotective efficiency of lithocholic acid in chronologically aging yeast. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30672-30691. [PMID: 28410198 PMCID: PMC5458158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously found that exogenously added lithocholic acid delays yeast chronological aging. We demonstrated that lithocholic acid enters the yeast cell, is sorted to mitochondria, resides in both mitochondrial membranes, changes the relative concentrations of different membrane phospholipids, triggers changes in the concentrations of many mitochondrial proteins, and alters some key aspects of mitochondrial functionality. We hypothesized that the lithocholic acid-driven changes in mitochondrial lipidome may have a causal role in the remodeling of mitochondrial proteome, which may in turn alter the functional state of mitochondria to create a mitochondrial pattern that delays yeast chronological aging. Here, we test this hypothesis by investigating how the ups1?, ups2? and psd1? mutations that eliminate enzymes involved in mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism influence the mitochondrial lipidome. We also assessed how these mutations affect the mitochondrial proteome, influence mitochondrial functionality and impinge on the efficiency of aging delay by lithocholic acid. Our findings provide evidence that 1) lithocholic acid initially creates a distinct pro-longevity pattern of mitochondrial lipidome by proportionally decreasing phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin concentrations to maintain equimolar concentrations of these phospholipids, and by increasing phosphatidic acid concentration; 2) this pattern of mitochondrial lipidome allows to establish a specific, aging-delaying pattern of mitochondrial proteome; and 3) this pattern of mitochondrial proteome plays an essential role in creating a distinctive, geroprotective pattern of mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Simon D Bourque
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivia Koupaki
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pavlo Kyryakov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paméla Dakik
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélissa McAuley
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Younes Medkour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamara Di Maulo
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Arlia-Ciommo A, Leonov A, Beach A, Richard VR, Bourque SD, Burstein MT, Kyryakov P, Gomez-Perez A, Koupaki O, Feldman R, Titorenko VI. Caloric restriction delays yeast chronological aging by remodeling carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, altering peroxisomal and mitochondrial functionalities, and postponing the onsets of apoptotic and liponecrotic modes of regulated cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16163-16184. [PMID: 29662634 PMCID: PMC5882325 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A dietary regimen of caloric restriction delays aging in evolutionarily distant eukaryotes, including the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we assessed how caloric restriction influences morphological, biochemical and cell biological properties of chronologically aging yeast advancing through different stages of the aging process. Our findings revealed that this low-calorie diet slows yeast chronological aging by mechanisms that coordinate the spatiotemporal dynamics of various cellular processes before entry into a non-proliferative state and after such entry. Caloric restriction causes a stepwise establishment of an aging-delaying cellular pattern by tuning a network that assimilates the following: 1) pathways of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; 2) communications between the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, peroxisomes, mitochondria and the cytosol; and 3) a balance between the processes of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Through different phases of the aging process, the caloric restriction-dependent remodeling of this intricate network 1) postpones the age-related onsets of apoptotic and liponecrotic modes of regulated cell death; and 2) actively increases the chance of cell survival by supporting the maintenance of cellular proteostasis. Because caloric restriction decreases the risk of cell death and actively increases the chance of cell survival throughout chronological lifespan, this dietary intervention extends longevity of chronologically aging yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam Beach
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent R Richard
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon D Bourque
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Pavlo Kyryakov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Olivia Koupaki
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel Feldman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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6
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Staso P, Leonov A. P006 Successful desensitizations with ceftriaxone and azithromycin in a patient with mast cell activation syndrome. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Alsukhon J, Leonov A, Elisa A, Koon G. P327 Food-induced pulmonary hemosiderosis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Leonov A, Feldman R, Piano A, Arlia-Ciommo A, Lutchman V, Ahmadi M, Elsaser S, Fakim H, Heshmati-Moghaddam M, Hussain A, Orfali S, Rajen H, Roofigari-Esfahani N, Rosanelli L, Titorenko VI. Caloric restriction extends yeast chronological lifespan via a mechanism linking cellular aging to cell cycle regulation, maintenance of a quiescent state, entry into a non-quiescent state and survival in the non-quiescent state. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69328-69350. [PMID: 29050207 PMCID: PMC5642482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A yeast culture grown in a nutrient-rich medium initially containing 2% glucose is not limited in calorie supply. When yeast cells cultured in this medium consume glucose, they undergo cell cycle arrest at a checkpoint in late G1 and differentiate into quiescent and non-quiescent cell populations. Studies of such differentiation have provided insights into mechanisms of yeast chronological aging under conditions of excessive calorie intake. Caloric restriction is an aging-delaying dietary intervention. Here, we assessed how caloric restriction influences the differentiation of chronologically aging yeast cultures into quiescent and non-quiescent cells, and how it affects their properties. We found that caloric restriction extends yeast chronological lifespan via a mechanism linking cellular aging to cell cycle regulation, maintenance of quiescence, entry into a non-quiescent state and survival in this state. Our findings suggest that caloric restriction delays yeast chronological aging by causing specific changes in the following: 1) a checkpoint in G1 for cell cycle arrest and entry into a quiescent state; 2) a growth phase in which high-density quiescent cells are committed to become low-density quiescent cells; 3) the differentiation of low-density quiescent cells into low-density non-quiescent cells; and 4) the conversion of high-density quiescent cells into high-density non-quiescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel Feldman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Vicky Lutchman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masoumeh Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Elsaser
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hana Fakim
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Asimah Hussain
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Orfali
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Leana Rosanelli
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, De Santis C, Di Felice V, Galper AM, Karelin AV, Koldashov SV, Koldobskiy SA, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Leonov A, Malakhov V, Marcelli L, Martucci M, Mayorov AG, Menn W, Mergé M, Mikhailov VV, Mocchiutti E, Monaco A, Mori N, Munini R, Osteria G, Panico B, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stozhkov YI, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev GI, Voronov SA, Yurkin YT, Zampa G, Zampa N, Potgieter MS, Vos EE. Time Dependence of the Electron and Positron Components of the Cosmic Radiation Measured by the PAMELA Experiment between July 2006 and December 2015. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:241105. [PMID: 27367381 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.241105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cosmic-ray electrons and positrons are a unique probe of the propagation of cosmic rays as well as of the nature and distribution of particle sources in our Galaxy. Recent measurements of these particles are challenging our basic understanding of the mechanisms of production, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays. Particularly striking are the differences between the low energy results collected by the space-borne PAMELA and AMS-02 experiments and older measurements pointing to sign-charge dependence of the solar modulation of cosmic-ray spectra. The PAMELA experiment has been measuring the time variation of the positron and electron intensity at Earth from July 2006 to December 2015 covering the period for the minimum of solar cycle 23 (2006-2009) until the middle of the maximum of solar cycle 24, through the polarity reversal of the heliospheric magnetic field which took place between 2013 and 2014. The positron to electron ratio measured in this time period clearly shows a sign-charge dependence of the solar modulation introduced by particle drifts. These results provide the first clear and continuous observation of how drift effects on solar modulation have unfolded with time from solar minimum to solar maximum and their dependence on the particle rigidity and the cyclic polarity of the solar magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adriani
- University of Florence, Department of Physics, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - G C Barbarino
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Physics, I-80126 Naples, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Naples, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - R Bellotti
- University of Bari, Department of Physics, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Boezio
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - E A Bogomolov
- Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, RU-194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Bongi
- University of Florence, Department of Physics, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - V Bonvicini
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Bottai
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - A Bruno
- University of Bari, Department of Physics, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Cafagna
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D Campana
- INFN, Sezione di Naples, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - P Carlson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, and the Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Casolino
- INFN, Sezione di Rome "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - C De Santis
- INFN, Sezione di Rome "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Rome, Italy
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Physics, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - V Di Felice
- INFN, Sezione di Rome "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - A M Galper
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Karelin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Koldashov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Koldobskiy
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - S Y Krutkov
- Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, RU-194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A N Kvashnin
- Lebedev Physical Institute, RU-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Leonov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Malakhov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - L Marcelli
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Physics, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Martucci
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Physics, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A G Mayorov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - W Menn
- Universität Siegen, Department of Physics, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - M Mergé
- INFN, Sezione di Rome "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Rome, Italy
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Physics, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - V V Mikhailov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - E Mocchiutti
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Monaco
- University of Bari, Department of Physics, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - N Mori
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - R Munini
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- University of Trieste, Department of Physics, I-34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Osteria
- INFN, Sezione di Naples, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - B Panico
- INFN, Sezione di Naples, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - P Papini
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - M Pearce
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, and the Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Picozza
- INFN, Sezione di Rome "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Rome, Italy
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Physics, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Ricci
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S B Ricciarini
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - M Simon
- Universität Siegen, Department of Physics, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - R Sparvoli
- INFN, Sezione di Rome "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Rome, Italy
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Physics, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - P Spillantini
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y I Stozhkov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, RU-119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Vacchi
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- University of Udine, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - E Vannuccini
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - G I Vasilyev
- Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, RU-194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S A Voronov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y T Yurkin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - G Zampa
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - N Zampa
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M S Potgieter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - E E Vos
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
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10
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Beach A, Richard VR, Bourque S, Boukh-Viner T, Kyryakov P, Gomez-Perez A, Arlia-Ciommo A, Feldman R, Leonov A, Piano A, Svistkova V, Titorenko VI. Lithocholic bile acid accumulated in yeast mitochondria orchestrates a development of an anti-aging cellular pattern by causing age-related changes in cellular proteome. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1643-56. [PMID: 25839782 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1026493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously revealed that exogenously added lithocholic bile acid (LCA) extends the chronological lifespan of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, accumulates in mitochondria and alters mitochondrial membrane lipidome. Here, we use quantitative mass spectrometry to show that LCA alters the age-related dynamics of changes in levels of many mitochondrial proteins, as well as numerous proteins in cellular locations outside of mitochondria. These proteins belong to 2 regulons, each modulated by a different mitochondrial dysfunction; we call them a partial mitochondrial dysfunction regulon and an oxidative stress regulon. We found that proteins constituting these regulons (1) can be divided into several "clusters", each of which denotes a distinct type of partial mitochondrial dysfunction that elicits a different signaling pathway mediated by a discrete set of transcription factors; (2) exhibit 3 different patterns of the age-related dynamics of changes in their cellular levels; and (3) are encoded by genes whose expression is regulated by the transcription factors Rtg1p/Rtg2p/Rtg3p, Sfp1p, Aft1p, Yap1p, Msn2p/Msn4p, Skn7p and Hog1p, each of which is essential for longevity extension by LCA. Our findings suggest that LCA-driven changes in mitochondrial lipidome alter mitochondrial proteome and functionality, thereby enabling mitochondria to operate as signaling organelles that orchestrate an establishment of an anti-aging transcriptional program for many longevity-defining nuclear genes. Based on these findings, we propose a model for how such LCA-driven changes early and late in life of chronologically aging yeast cause a stepwise development of an anti-aging cellular pattern and its maintenance throughout lifespan.
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Key Words
- D, diauxic growth phase
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ETC, electron transport chain
- ISC, iron-sulfur clusters
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- MAM, mitochondria-associated membrane
- OS, oxidative stress
- PD, post-diauxic growth phase
- PMD, partial mitochondrial dysfunction
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- ST, stationary growth phase
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- WT, wild type
- anti-aging compounds
- cell metabolism
- cellular aging
- lithocholic bile acid
- longevity
- mitochondria
- mitochondrial proteome
- mitochondrial signaling
- signal transduction
- yeast
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Beach
- a Department of Biology; Concordia University ; Montreal , QC , Canada
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11
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Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, De Donato C, De Santis C, De Simone N, Di Felice V, Formato V, Galper AM, Karelin AV, Koldashov SV, Koldobskiy S, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Leonov A, Malakhov V, Marcelli L, Martucci M, Mayorov AG, Menn W, Mergè M, Mikhailov VV, Mocchiutti E, Monaco A, Mori N, Munini R, Osteria G, Palma F, Panico B, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Sarkar R, Scotti V, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stozhkov YI, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev G, Voronov SA, Yurkin YT, Zampa G, Zampa N. New upper limit on strange quark matter abundance in cosmic rays with the PAMELA space experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:111101. [PMID: 26406816 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present results of a direct search for strange quark matter (SQM) in cosmic rays with the PAMELA space spectrometer. If this state of matter exists it may be present in cosmic rays as particles, called strangelets, having a high density and an anomalously high mass-to-charge (A/Z) ratio. A direct search in space is complementary to those from ground-based spectrometers. Furthermore, it has the advantage of being potentially capable of directly identifying these particles, without any assumption on their interaction model with Earth's atmosphere and the long-term stability in terrestrial and lunar rocks. In the rigidity range from 1.0 to ∼1.0×10^{3} GV, no such particles were found in the data collected by PAMELA between 2006 and 2009. An upper limit on the strangelet flux in cosmic rays was therefore set for particles with charge 1≤Z≤8 and mass 4≤A≤1.2×10^{5}. This limit as a function of mass and as a function of magnetic rigidity allows us to constrain models of SQM production and propagation in the Galaxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adriani
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - G C Barbarino
- Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Naples, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - R Bellotti
- Department of Physc,s University of Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Boezio
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - E A Bogomolov
- Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, RU-194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Bongi
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - V Bonvicini
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Bottai
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - A Bruno
- Department of Physc,s University of Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Cafagna
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D Campana
- INFN, Sezione di Naples, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - P Carlson
- Department of Physics, KTH, and the Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Casolino
- INFN, Sezione di Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- RIKEN, Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - C De Donato
- INFN, Sezione di Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - C De Santis
- INFN, Sezione di Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - N De Simone
- INFN, Sezione di Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - V Di Felice
- INFN, Sezione di Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Formato
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, I-34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - A M Galper
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Karelin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Koldashov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Koldobskiy
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Y Krutkov
- Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, RU-194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A N Kvashnin
- Lebedev Physical Institute, RU-119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Leonov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Malakhov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - L Marcelli
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Martucci
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A G Mayorov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - W Menn
- Department of Physics, Universitat Siegen, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - M Mergè
- INFN, Sezione di Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - V V Mikhailov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Mocchiutti
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Monaco
- Department of Physc,s University of Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - N Mori
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e Struttura della Materia (CSFNSM), Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - R Munini
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, I-34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Osteria
- INFN, Sezione di Naples, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - F Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - B Panico
- INFN, Sezione di Naples, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - P Papini
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - M Pearce
- Department of Physics, KTH, and the Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Picozza
- INFN, Sezione di Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Ricci
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S B Ricciarini
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- IFAC, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - R Sarkar
- Indian Centre for Physics, 43, Chalantika, Garia Station Road, Kolkata 700 084, West Bengal, India
| | - V Scotti
- Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Naples, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M Simon
- Department of Physics, Universitat Siegen, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - R Sparvoli
- INFN, Sezione di Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - P Spillantini
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Y I Stozhkov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, RU-119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Vacchi
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Vannuccini
- INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - G Vasilyev
- Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, RU-194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S A Voronov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y T Yurkin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Zampa
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - N Zampa
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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12
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Richard VR, Beach A, Piano A, Leonov A, Feldman R, Burstein MT, Kyryakov P, Gomez-Perez A, Arlia-Ciommo A, Baptista S, Campbell C, Goncharov D, Pannu S, Patrinos D, Sadri B, Svistkova V, Victor A, Titorenko VI. Mechanism of liponecrosis, a distinct mode of programmed cell death. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3707-26. [PMID: 25483081 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.965003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An exposure of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to exogenous palmitoleic acid (POA) elicits "liponecrosis," a mode of programmed cell death (PCD) which differs from the currently known PCD subroutines. Here, we report the following mechanism for liponecrotic PCD. Exogenously added POA is incorporated into POA-containing phospholipids that then amass in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, mitochondrial membranes and the plasma membrane. The buildup of the POA-containing phospholipids in the plasma membrane reduces the level of phosphatidylethanolamine in its extracellular leaflet, thereby increasing plasma membrane permeability for small molecules and committing yeast to liponecrotic PCD. The excessive accumulation of POA-containing phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes impairs mitochondrial functionality and causes the excessive production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. The resulting rise in cellular reactive oxygen species above a critical level contributes to the commitment of yeast to liponecrotic PCD by: (1) oxidatively damaging numerous cellular organelles, thereby triggering their massive macroautophagic degradation; and (2) oxidatively damaging various cellular proteins, thus impairing cellular proteostasis. Several cellular processes in yeast exposed to POA can protect cells from liponecrosis. They include: (1) POA oxidation in peroxisomes, which reduces the flow of POA into phospholipid synthesis pathways; (2) POA incorporation into neutral lipids, which prevents the excessive accumulation of POA-containing phospholipids in cellular membranes; (3) mitophagy, a selective macroautophagic degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria, which sustains a population of functional mitochondria needed for POA incorporation into neutral lipids; and (4) a degradation of damaged, dysfunctional and aggregated cytosolic proteins, which enables the maintenance of cellular proteostasis.
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Key Words
- CFU, colony forming units
- CL, cardiolipin
- Cvt, cytoplasm-to-vacuole pathway
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane
- LD, lipid droplets
- NL, neutral lipids
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PCD, programmed cell death
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PI, phosphatidylinositol
- PL, phospholipids
- PM, plasma membrane
- POA, palmitoleic acid
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TAG, triacylglycerols
- WT, wild-type
- apoptosis
- autophagy
- cellular proteostasis
- lipid metabolism in cellular organelles
- mechanisms of programmed cell death
- mitochondria,
- mitophagy
- plasma membrane
- signal transduction
- yeast
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent R Richard
- a Department of Biology ; Concordia University ; Montreal , QC Canada
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13
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Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, Donato CD, Santis CD, Simone ND, Felice VD, Formato V, Galper AM, Karelin AV, Koldashov SV, Koldobskiy S, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Leonov A, Malakhov V, Marcelli L, Martucci M, Mayorov AG, Menn W, Mergè M, Mikhailov VV, Mocchiutti E, Monaco A, Mori N, Munini R, Osteria G, Palma F, Panico B, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Sarkar R, Scotti V, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stozhkov YI, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev G, Voronov SA, Yurkin YT, Zampa G, Zampa N, Potgieter MS, Vos EE. TIME DEPENDENCE OF THEe−FLUX MEASURED BYPAMELADURING THE 2006 JULY–2009 DECEMBER SOLAR MINIMUM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/810/2/142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Arlia-Ciommo A, Piano A, Leonov A, Svistkova V, Titorenko VI. Quasi-programmed aging of budding yeast: a trade-off between programmed processes of cell proliferation, differentiation, stress response, survival and death defines yeast lifespan. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3336-49. [PMID: 25485579 PMCID: PMC4614525 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.965063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that evolutionarily distant organisms share the key features of the aging process and exhibit similar mechanisms of its modulation by certain genetic, dietary and pharmacological interventions. The scope of this review is to analyze mechanisms that in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae underlie: (1) the replicative and chronological modes of aging; (2) the convergence of these 2 modes of aging into a single aging process; (3) a programmed differentiation of aging cell communities in liquid media and on solid surfaces; and (4) longevity-defining responses of cells to some chemical compounds released to an ecosystem by other organisms populating it. Based on such analysis, we conclude that all these mechanisms are programs for upholding the long-term survival of the entire yeast population inhabiting an ecological niche; however, none of these mechanisms is a ʺprogram of agingʺ - i.e., a program for progressing through consecutive steps of the aging process.
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Key Words
- D, diauxic growth phase
- ERCs, extrachromosomal rDNA circles
- IPOD, insoluble protein deposit
- JUNQ, juxtanuclear quality control compartment
- L, logarithmic growth phase
- MBS, the mitochondrial back-signaling pathway
- MTC, the mitochondrial translation control signaling pathway
- NPCs, nuclear pore complexes
- NQ, non-quiescent cells
- PD, post-diauxic growth phase
- Q, quiescent cells
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RTG, the mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathway
- Ras/cAMP/PKA, the Ras family GTPase/cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway
- ST, stationary growth phase
- TOR/Sch9, the target of rapamycin/serine-threonine protein kinase Sch9 signaling pathway
- UPRER, the unfolded protein response pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum
- UPRmt, the unfolded protein response pathway in mitochondria
- cell growth and proliferation
- cell survival
- cellular aging
- ecosystems
- evolution
- longevity
- programmed cell death
- yeast
- yeast colony
- yeast replicative and chronological aging
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Titorenko V, Arlia‐Ciommo A, Leonov A, Piano A. Using Yeast to Develop Anti‐Tumor Therapeutic Agents That Cause Liponecrotic Death of Cancer Cells by Remodeling Lipid Metabolism. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.885.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Leonov
- Biology DepartmentConcordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Amanda Piano
- Biology DepartmentConcordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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16
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Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carbone R, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, De Donato C, De Santis C, De Simone N, Felice VD, Formato V, Galper AM, Karelin AV, Koldashov SV, Koldobskiy S, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Leonov A, Malakhov V, Marcelli L, Martucci M, Mayorov AG, Menn W, Mergé M, Mikhailov VV, Mocchiutti E, Monaco A, Mori N, Munini R, Osteria G, Palma F, Panico B, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Sarkar R, Scotti V, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stozhkov YI, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev GI, Voronov SA, Yurkin YT, Zampa G, Zampa N, Zverev VG. TRAPPED PROTON FLUXES AT LOW EARTH ORBITS MEASURED BY THE
PAMELA
EXPERIMENT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/799/1/l4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Leonov A, Ksenzov D, Benediktovitch A, Feranchuk I, Pietsch U. Time dependence of X-ray polarizability of a crystal induced by an intense femtosecond X-ray pulse. IUCrJ 2014; 1:402-17. [PMID: 25485121 PMCID: PMC4224459 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514018156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The time evolution of the electron density and the resulting time dependence of Fourier components of the X-ray polarizability of a crystal irradiated by highly intense femtosecond pulses of an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) is investigated theoretically on the basis of rate equations for bound electrons and the Boltzmann equation for the kinetics of the unbound electron gas. The photoionization, Auger process, electron-impact ionization, electron-electron scattering and three-body recombination have been implemented in the system of rate equations. An algorithm for the numerical solution of the rate equations was simplified by incorporating analytical expressions for the cross sections of all the electron configurations in ions within the framework of the effective charge model. Using this approach, the time dependence of the inner shell populations during the time of XFEL pulse propagation through the crystal was evaluated for photon energies between 4 and 12 keV and a pulse width of 40 fs considering a flux of 10(12) photons pulse(-1) (focusing on a spot size of ∼1 µm). This flux corresponds to a fluence ranging between 0.8 and 2.4 mJ µm(-2). The time evolution of the X-ray polarizability caused by the change of the atomic scattering factor during the pulse propagation is numerically analyzed for the case of a silicon crystal. The time-integrated polarizability drops dramatically if the fluence of the X-ray pulse exceeds 1.6 mJ µm(-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Leonov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Belarusian State University, 220030 Nezavisimosti Avenue 4, Minsk, Belarus
| | - D. Ksenzov
- Festkörperphysik, Universität Siegen, 57072 Walter-Flex-Straße 3, Siegen, Germany
| | - A. Benediktovitch
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Belarusian State University, 220030 Nezavisimosti Avenue 4, Minsk, Belarus
| | - I. Feranchuk
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Belarusian State University, 220030 Nezavisimosti Avenue 4, Minsk, Belarus
| | - U. Pietsch
- Festkörperphysik, Universität Siegen, 57072 Walter-Flex-Straße 3, Siegen, Germany
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18
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Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carbone R, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, Danilchenko IA, De Donato C, De Santis C, De Simone N, Felice VD, Formato V, Galper AM, Karelin AV, Koldashov SV, Koldobskiy S, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Leonov A, Malakhov V, Marcelli L, Martucci M, Mayorov AG, Menn W, Mergé M, Mikhailov VV, Mocchiutti E, Monaco A, Mori N, Munini R, Osteria G, Palma F, Panico B, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Pizzolotto C, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Rossetto L, Sarkar R, Scotti V, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stozhkov YI, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev GI, Voronov SA, Yurkin YT, Zampa G, Zampa N, Zverev VG. MEASUREMENT OF BORON AND CARBON FLUXES IN COSMIC RAYS WITH THE PAMELA EXPERIMENT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/791/2/93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Arlia-Ciommo A, Leonov A, Piano A, Svistkova V, Titorenko VI. Cell-autonomous mechanisms of chronological aging in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell 2014; 1:163-178. [PMID: 28357241 PMCID: PMC5354559 DOI: 10.15698/mic2014.06.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A body of evidence supports the view that the signaling pathways governing
cellular aging - as well as mechanisms of their modulation by
longevity-extending genetic, dietary and pharmacological interventions - are
conserved across species. The scope of this review is to critically analyze
recent advances in our understanding of cell-autonomous mechanisms of
chronological aging in the budding yeast Saccharomyces
cerevisiae. Based on our analysis, we propose a concept of a
biomolecular network underlying the chronology of cellular aging in yeast. The
concept posits that such network progresses through a series of lifespan
checkpoints. At each of these checkpoints, the intracellular concentrations of
some key intermediates and products of certain metabolic pathways - as well as
the rates of coordinated flow of such metabolites within an intricate network of
intercompartmental communications - are monitored by some checkpoint-specific
ʺmaster regulatorʺ proteins. The concept envisions that a synergistic action of
these master regulator proteins at certain early-life and late-life checkpoints
modulates the rates and efficiencies of progression of such processes as cell
metabolism, growth, proliferation, stress resistance, macromolecular
homeostasis, survival and death. The concept predicts that, by modulating these
vital cellular processes throughout lifespan (i.e., prior to an arrest of cell
growth and division, and following such arrest), the checkpoint-specific master
regulator proteins orchestrate the development and maintenance of a pro- or
anti-aging cellular pattern and, thus, define longevity of chronologically aging
yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Veronika Svistkova
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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Titorenko V, Beach A, Richard V, Leonov A, Piano A, Feldman R. Mitochondrial membrane lipidome defines yeast longevity (956.2). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.956.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Beach
- Biology Department Concordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | | | - Anna Leonov
- Biology Department Concordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Amanda Piano
- Biology Department Concordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
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21
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Titorenko V, Beach A, Richard V, Leonov A, Piano A, Feldman R. Macromitophagy is a longevity assurance process that in chronologically aging yeast limited in calorie supply sustains functional mitochondria and maintains cellular lipid homeostasis (953.3). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.953.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Beach
- Biology Department Concordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | | | - Anna Leonov
- Biology Department Concordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Amanda Piano
- Biology Department Concordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
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Ricciarini SB, Adriani O, Barbarino G, Bazilevskaya G, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov E, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carbone R, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, De Donato C, De Pascale M, De Santis C, De Simone N, Di Felice V, Formato V, Galper A, Karelin A, Kheymits M, Koldashov S, Koldobskiy S, Krutkov S, Kvashnin A, Leonov A, Malakhov V, Marcelli L, Martucci M, Mayorov A, Menn W, Mergè M, Mikhailov V, Mocchiutti E, Monaco A, Mori N, Munini R, Osteria G, Palma F, Panico B, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Pizzolotto C, Ricci M, Sarkar R, Simon M, Scotti V, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stozhkov Y, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev G, Voronov S, Yurkin Y, Zampa G, Zampa N, Zverev V. PAMELA mission: heralding a new era in cosmic ray physics. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20147100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sheibani S, Richard VR, Beach A, Leonov A, Feldman R, Mattie S, Khelghatybana L, Piano A, Greenwood M, Vali H, Titorenko VI. Macromitophagy, neutral lipids synthesis, and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation protect yeast from "liponecrosis", a previously unknown form of programmed cell death. Cell Cycle 2013; 13:138-47. [PMID: 24196447 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified a form of cell death called "liponecrosis." It can be elicited by an exposure of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to exogenous palmitoleic acid (POA). Our data imply that liponecrosis is: (1) a programmed, regulated form of cell death rather than an accidental, unregulated cellular process and (2) an age-related form of cell death. Cells committed to liponecrotic death: (1) do not exhibit features characteristic of apoptotic cell death; (2) do not display plasma membrane rupture, a hallmark of programmed necrotic cell death; (3) akin to cells committed to necrotic cell death, exhibit an increased permeability of the plasma membrane for propidium iodide; (4) do not display excessive cytoplasmic vacuolization, a hallmark of autophagic cell death; (5) akin to cells committed to autophagic death, exhibit a non-selective en masse degradation of cellular organelles and require the cytosolic serine/threonine protein kinase Atg1p for executing the death program; and (6) display a hallmark feature that has not been reported for any of the currently known cell death modalities-namely, an excessive accumulation of lipid droplets where non-esterified fatty acids (including POA) are deposited in the form of neutral lipids. We therefore concluded that liponecrotic cell death subroutine differs from the currently known subroutines of programmed cell death. Our data suggest a hypothesis that liponecrosis is a cell death module dynamically integrated into a so-called programmed cell death network, which also includes the apoptotic, necrotic, and autophagic modules of programmed cell death. Based on our findings, we propose a mechanism underlying liponecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheibani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; McGill University; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Royal Military College of Canada; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent R Richard
- Department of Biology; Concordia University; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam Beach
- Department of Biology; Concordia University; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology; Concordia University; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel Feldman
- Department of Biology; Concordia University; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sevan Mattie
- Department of Biology; Concordia University; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology; Concordia University; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Royal Military College of Canada; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; McGill University; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Bianco A, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carbone R, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, De Donato C, De Santis C, De Simone N, Di Felice V, Formato V, Galper AM, Karelin AV, Koldashov SV, Koldobskiy SA, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Leonov A, Malakhov V, Marcelli L, Martucci M, Mayorov AG, Menn W, Mergé M, Mikhailov VV, Mocchiutti E, Monaco A, Mori N, Munini R, Osteria G, Palma F, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Pizzolotto C, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Rossetto L, Sarkar R, Scotti V, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stochaj SJ, Stockton JC, Stozhkov YI, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev GI, Voronov SA, Yurkin YT, Zampa G, Zampa N, Zverev VG. Cosmic-ray positron energy spectrum measured by PAMELA. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:081102. [PMID: 24010424 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.081102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements of the positron component in the cosmic radiation provide important information about the propagation of cosmic rays and the nature of particle sources in our Galaxy. The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make a new measurement of the cosmic-ray positron flux and fraction that extends previously published measurements up to 300 GeV in kinetic energy. The combined measurements of the cosmic-ray positron energy spectrum and fraction provide a unique tool to constrain interpretation models. During the recent solar minimum activity period from July 2006 to December 2009, approximately 24,500 positrons were observed. The results cannot be easily reconciled with purely secondary production, and additional sources of either astrophysical or exotic origin may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adriani
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Leonov A, Titorenko VI. A network of interorganellar communications underlies cellular aging. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:665-74. [PMID: 23818261 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Organelles within a eukaryotic cell respond to age-related intracellular stresses and environmental factors by altering their functional states to generate, direct and process the flow of interorganellar information that is essential for establishing a pro- or antiaging cellular pattern. The scope of this review is to critically analyze recent progress in understanding how various intercompartmental (i.e., organelle-organelle and organelle-cytosol) communications regulate cellular aging in evolutionarily distant eukaryotes. Our analysis suggests a model for an intricate network of intercompartmental communications that underly cellular aging in eukaryotic organisms across phyla. This proposed model posits that the numerous directed, coordinated and regulated organelle-organelle and organelle-cytosol communications integrated into this network define the long-term viability of a eukaryotic cell and, thus, are critical for regulating cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Beach A, Richard VR, Leonov A, Burstein MT, Bourque SD, Koupaki O, Juneau M, Feldman R, Iouk T, Titorenko VI. Mitochondrial membrane lipidome defines yeast longevity. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:551-74. [PMID: 23924582 PMCID: PMC3765583 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our studies revealed that lithocholic acid (LCA), a bile acid, is a potent anti-aging natural compound that in yeast cultured under longevity-extending caloric restriction (CR) conditions acts in synergy with CR to enable a significant further increase in chronological lifespan. Here, we investigate a mechanism underlying this robust longevity-extending effect of LCA under CR. We found that exogenously added LCA enters yeast cells, is sorted to mitochondria, resides mainly in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and also associates with the outer mitochondrial membrane. LCA elicits an age-related remodeling of glycerophospholipid synthesis and movement within both mitochondrial membranes, thereby causing substantial changes in mitochondrial membrane lipidome and triggering major changes in mitochondrial size, number and morphology. In synergy, these changes in the membrane lipidome and morphology of mitochondria alter the age-related chronology of mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential, ATP synthesis and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. The LCA-driven alterations in the age-related dynamics of these vital mitochondrial processes extend yeast longevity. In sum, our findings suggest a mechanism underlying the ability of LCA to delay chronological aging in yeast by accumulating in both mitochondrial membranes and altering their glycerophospholipid compositions. We concluded that mitochondrial membrane lipidome plays an essential role in defining yeast longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Beach
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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Burstein MT, Kyryakov P, Beach A, Richard VR, Koupaki O, Gomez-Perez A, Leonov A, Levy S, Noohi F, Titorenko VI. Lithocholic acid extends longevity of chronologically aging yeast only if added at certain critical periods of their lifespan. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3443-62. [PMID: 22894934 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our studies revealed that LCA (lithocholic bile acid) extends yeast chronological lifespan if added to growth medium at the time of cell inoculation. We also demonstrated that longevity in chronologically aging yeast is programmed by the level of metabolic capacity and organelle organization that they developed before entering a quiescent state and, thus, that chronological aging in yeast is likely to be the final step of a developmental program progressing through at least one checkpoint prior to entry into quiescence. Here, we investigate how LCA influences longevity and several longevity-defining cellular processes in chronologically aging yeast if added to growth medium at different periods of the lifespan. We found that LCA can extend longevity of yeast under CR (caloric restriction) conditions only if added at either of two lifespan periods. One of them includes logarithmic and diauxic growth phases, whereas the other period exists in early stationary phase. Our findings suggest a mechanism linking the ability of LCA to increase the lifespan of CR yeast only if added at either of the two periods to its differential effects on various longevity-defining processes. In this mechanism, LCA controls these processes at three checkpoints that exist in logarithmic/diauxic, post-diauxic and early stationary phases. We therefore hypothesize that a biomolecular longevity network progresses through a series of checkpoints, at each of which (1) genetic, dietary and pharmacological anti-aging interventions modulate a distinct set of longevity-defining processes comprising the network; and (2) checkpoint-specific master regulators monitor and govern the functional states of these processes.
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Beach A, Burstein MT, Richard VR, Leonov A, Levy S, Titorenko VI. Integration of peroxisomes into an endomembrane system that governs cellular aging. Front Physiol 2012; 3:283. [PMID: 22936916 PMCID: PMC3424522 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome is an organelle that has long been known for its essential roles in oxidation of fatty acids, maintenance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and anaplerotic replenishment of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates destined for mitochondria. Growing evidence supports the view that these peroxisome-confined metabolic processes play an essential role in defining the replicative and chronological age of a eukaryotic cell. Much progress has recently been made in defining molecular mechanisms that link cellular aging to fatty acid oxidation, ROS turnover, and anaplerotic metabolism in peroxisomes. Emergent studies have revealed that these organelles not only house longevity-defining metabolic reactions but can also regulate cellular aging via their dynamic communication with other cellular compartments. Peroxisomes communicate with other organelles by establishing extensive physical contact with lipid bodies, maintaining an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to peroxisome connectivity system, exchanging certain metabolites, and being involved in the bidirectional flow of some of their protein and lipid constituents. The scope of this review is to summarize the evidence that peroxisomes are dynamically integrated into an endomembrane system that governs cellular aging. We discuss recent progress in understanding how communications between peroxisomes and other cellular compartments within this system influence the development of a pro- or anti-aging cellular pattern. We also propose a model for the integration of peroxisomes into the endomembrane system governing cellular aging and critically evaluate several molecular mechanisms underlying such integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Beach
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal PQ, Canada
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Kyryakov P, Beach A, Richard VR, Burstein MT, Leonov A, Levy S, Titorenko VI. Caloric restriction extends yeast chronological lifespan by altering a pattern of age-related changes in trehalose concentration. Front Physiol 2012; 3:256. [PMID: 22783207 PMCID: PMC3390693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-reducing disaccharide trehalose has been long considered only as a reserve carbohydrate. However, recent studies in yeast suggested that this osmolyte can protect cells and cellular proteins from oxidative damage elicited by exogenously added reactive oxygen species (ROS). Trehalose has been also shown to affect stability, folding, and aggregation of bacterial and firefly proteins heterologously expressed in heat-shocked yeast cells. Our recent investigation of how a lifespan-extending caloric restriction (CR) diet alters the metabolic history of chronologically aging yeast suggested that their longevity is programmed by the level of metabolic capacity - including trehalose biosynthesis and degradation - that yeast cells developed prior to entry into quiescence. To investigate whether trehalose homeostasis in chronologically aging yeast may play a role in longevity extension by CR, in this study we examined how single-gene-deletion mutations affecting trehalose biosynthesis and degradation impact (1) the age-related dynamics of changes in trehalose concentration; (2) yeast chronological lifespan under CR conditions; (3) the chronology of oxidative protein damage, intracellular ROS level and protein aggregation; and (4) the timeline of thermal inactivation of a protein in heat-shocked yeast cells and its subsequent reactivation in yeast returned to low temperature. Our data imply that CR extends yeast chronological lifespan in part by altering a pattern of age-related changes in trehalose concentration. We outline a model for molecular mechanisms underlying the essential role of trehalose in defining yeast longevity by modulating protein folding, misfolding, unfolding, refolding, oxidative damage, solubility, and aggregation throughout lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Kyryakov
- Department of Biology, Concordia UniversityMontreal, PQ, Canada
| | - Adam Beach
- Department of Biology, Concordia UniversityMontreal, PQ, Canada
| | | | | | - Anna Leonov
- Department of Biology, Concordia UniversityMontreal, PQ, Canada
| | - Sean Levy
- Department of Biology, Concordia UniversityMontreal, PQ, Canada
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Ermakov S, Leonov A, Trofimov S, Malkin I, Livshits G. Quantitative genetic study of the circulating osteopontin in community-selected families. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:2261-71. [PMID: 20967421 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The study assessed contribution of genetic factors to variability of osteopontin (OPN) levels. Evidence of association of OPN levels with polymorphisms in its structural gene and integrin-binding sialoprotein gene loci was obtained. The results motivate research of OPN-related proteins and genes with respect to biomineralization and other biological processes. INTRODUCTION OPN is a major phosphoprotein in bone, which plays key role in regulation of bone mineralization process. It is considered as a promising biomarker for osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, and various other pathological conditions. However, the contribution of genetics and other confounding factors to OPN circulating levels variation in general population has never been specifically determined. The main aims of the present study included (1) evaluation of the putative genetic and familial factors' effect on OPN variability and (2) testing the hypothesis that OPN plasma levels are associated with the genetic polymorphisms in its structural gene locus (SPP1) and in integrin-binding sialoprotein gene locus (IBSP). METHODS To address these questions, we used a family-based sample of 925 apparently healthy Caucasian individuals. Association of OPN levels with three SNPs in each of the two selected gene loci was explored using pedigree disequilibrium tests. RESULTS Some 58% and 13% of the OPN levels variability were attributable to genetic factors and common spouse environment, respectively. Three SNPs showed nominally significant association with OPN (p < 0.05). Of these, rs2616262 linked to IBSP promoter region remained significant after correction for multiple testing (p = 0.003). Significant association of this SNP and rs10516799 (distal segment of SPP1) with OPN was confirmed in several statistical tests. Using a special modification of variance component analysis, we examined gene-gene and gene-sex interaction effects, but found non-significant confirmation for these hypotheses. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are required to confirm the observed results and to explore the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ermakov
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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Leonov A, Trofimov S, Ermakov S, Livshits G. Quantitative genetic study of amphiregulin and fractalkine circulating levels--potential markers of arthropathies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:737-42. [PMID: 21356322 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amphiregulin (AREG) and Fractalkine (FRACT), are involved in a variety of normal and pathological processes, and are both suggested to be relevant to joint degeneration. The aims of the present study included (1) testing association between circulating levels of these biomarkers and joint pathologies, (2) evaluation of the putative genetic and familial factors' effect on AREG and FRACT variability. DESIGN The study was conducted in the family-based sample of 923 Caucasian individuals. Variance component analysis was used to assess contribution of genetic and environmental factors to variability of AREG and FRACT concentration. RESULTS The mean levels of FRACT were significantly higher in the affected group with arthropathies (synovial joints osteoarthritis (OA) and disc degenerative disease, DDD) then in the control group (P<0.0004). Circulating AREG levels were higher in DDD (P=0.0272). Genetic factors constituted the main source of the interindividual differences of the AREG and FRACT levels in our sample, and explained 29.68% and 41.68% of the total variation, respectively. The phenotypic correlation between AREG and FRACT was substantial (r=0.55, P=0.0001) and was associated with both common genetic and environmental factors. Specifically, 30% of the phenotypic correlation between AREG and FRACT was due to common genetic effects. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are required to assess relevancy of FRACT to clinical diagnosis and prognosis of arthropathies, to investigate the mechanisms behind the observed phenotypic and genetic covariation among the studied biomarkers, and to explore specific genetic polymorphisms affecting AREG and FRACT variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leonov
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Borisov S, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carbone R, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, Consiglio L, De Pascale MP, De Santis C, De Simone N, Di Felice V, Galper AM, Gillard W, Grishantseva L, Jerse G, Karelin AV, Koldashov SV, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Leonov A, Malakhov V, Malvezzi V, Marcelli L, Mayorov AG, Menn W, Mikhailov VV, Mocchiutti E, Monaco A, Mori N, Nikonov N, Osteria G, Palma F, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Pizzolotto C, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Rossetto L, Sarkar R, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stochaj SJ, Stockton JC, Stozhkov YI, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev G, Voronov SA, Wu J, Yurkin YT, Zampa G, Zampa N, Zverev VG. Cosmic-ray electron flux measured by the PAMELA experiment between 1 and 625 GeV. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:201101. [PMID: 21668214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements of the electron component in the cosmic radiation provide important information about the origin and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Here we present new results regarding negatively charged electrons between 1 and 625 GeV performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA. This is the first time that cosmic-ray e⁻ have been identified above 50 GeV. The electron spectrum can be described with a single power-law energy dependence with spectral index -3.18 ± 0.05 above the energy region influenced by the solar wind (> 30 GeV). No significant spectral features are observed and the data can be interpreted in terms of conventional diffusive propagation models. However, the data are also consistent with models including new cosmic-ray sources that could explain the rise in the positron fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adriani
- University of Florence, Department of Physics, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bonechi L, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Borisov S, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carbone R, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, Consiglio L, De Pascale MP, De Santis C, De Simone N, Di Felice V, Galper AM, Gillard W, Grishantseva L, Jerse G, Karelin AV, Koldashov SV, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Leonov A, Malakhov V, Malvezzi V, Marcelli L, Mayorov AG, Menn W, Mikhailov VV, Mocchiutti E, Monaco A, Mori N, Nikonov N, Osteria G, Palma F, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Pizzolotto C, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Rossetto L, Sarkar R, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stozhkov YI, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev G, Voronov SA, Yurkin YT, Wu J, Zampa G, Zampa N, Zverev VG. PAMELA Measurements of Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra. Science 2011; 332:69-72. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1199172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bonechi L, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Borisov S, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carbone R, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, Consiglio L, De Pascale MP, De Santis C, De Simone N, Di Felice V, Galper AM, Gillard W, Grishantseva L, Hofverberg P, Jerse G, Karelin AV, Koldashov SV, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Leonov A, Malvezzi V, Marcelli L, Mayorov AG, Menn W, Mikhailov VV, Mocchiutti E, Monaco A, Mori N, Nikonov N, Osteria G, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Pizzolotto C, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Rossetto L, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stozhkov YI, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev G, Voronov SA, Wu J, Yurkin YT, Zampa G, Zampa N, Zverev VG. PAMELA results on the cosmic-ray antiproton flux from 60 MeV to 180 GeV in kinetic energy. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:121101. [PMID: 20867623 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.121101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make a new measurement of the cosmic-ray antiproton flux and the antiproton-to-proton flux ratio which extends previously published measurements down to 60 MeV and up to 180 GeV in kinetic energy. During 850 days of data acquisition approximately 1500 antiprotons were observed. The measurements are consistent with purely secondary production of antiprotons in the Galaxy. More precise secondary production models are required for a complete interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adriani
- University of Florence, Department of Physics, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Leonov A, Rosenthal D, Kaplan B, Yelisetti V, Hatam L, Lam F, Bonagura V. Decreased Marginal Zone B-cell (MZB) Expression in Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) Does Not Predict Deficienct IgM Isohemagglutinin (IgMIH) Production. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bonechi L, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, De Pascale MP, De Rosa G, De Simone N, Di Felice V, Galper AM, Grishantseva L, Hofverberg P, Koldashov SV, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Leonov A, Malvezzi V, Marcelli L, Menn W, Mikhailov VV, Mocchiutti E, Orsi S, Osteria G, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stozhkov YI, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev G, Voronov SA, Yurkin YT, Zampa G, Zampa N, Zverev VG. An anomalous positron abundance in cosmic rays with energies 1.5–100 GeV. Nature 2009; 458:607-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature07942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1589] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bonechi L, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, De Pascale MP, De Rosa G, Fedele D, Galper AM, Grishantseva L, Hofverberg P, Leonov A, Koldashov SV, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Malvezzi V, Marcelli L, Menn W, Mikhailov VV, Minori M, Mocchiutti E, Nagni M, Orsi S, Osteria G, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stozhkov YI, Taddei E, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev G, Voronov SA, Yurkin YT, Zampa G, Zampa N, Zverev VG. New measurement of the antiproton-to-proton flux ratio up to 100 GeV in the cosmic radiation. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:051101. [PMID: 19257498 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new measurement of the cosmic-ray antiproton-to-proton flux ratio between 1 and 100 GeV is presented. The results were obtained with the PAMELA experiment, which was launched into low-Earth orbit on-board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15th 2006. During 500 days of data collection a total of about 1000 antiprotons have been identified, including 100 above an energy of 20 GeV. The high-energy results are a tenfold improvement in statistics with respect to all previously published data. The data follow the trend expected from secondary production calculations and significantly constrain contributions from exotic sources, e.g., dark matter particle annihilations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adriani
- Physics Department of University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Møllendal H, Leonov A, de Meijere A. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in (1-fluorocyclopropyl)methanol as studied by microwave spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. J Mol Struct 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2003.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sergiev P, Leonov A, Dokudovskaya S, Shpanchenko O, Dontsova O, Bogdanov A, Rinke-Appel J, Mueller F, Osswald M, von Knoblauch K, Brimacombe R. Correlating the X-ray structures for halo- and thermophilic ribosomal subunits with biochemical data for the Escherichia coli ribosome. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2003; 66:87-100. [PMID: 12762011 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2001.66.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Sergiev
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds and Belozersky Institute, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia
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Abstract
The Mir Orbital Station provided a unique platform on which to carry out a variety of space radiation dosimetry measurements. A number of experiments were conducted using a combination of passive detectors on the interior of the Mir during 1996-97. Thermoluminescent detectors were used to measure absorbed dose. CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors were used to measure the LET spectra > or =5 keV.microm(-1). Results from TLDs and CR-39 PNTDs were combined to determine total dose and dose equivalent. Mean dose rate was found to decrease while mean dose equivalent rate and average quality factor increased with increasing shielding. Secondary particles from proton-induced target fragmentation interactions, not primary HZE particles, were found to be the largest contributor to the LET spectrum above 100 keV.microm(-1). During the 1997 measurements, mean quality factor was found to vary from 1.7 to 2.1 as a function of location within the Mir.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Benton
- Eril Research, Inc, San Rafael, CA 94915-0788, USA.
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Matadeen R, Sergiev P, Leonov A, Pape T, van der Sluis E, Mueller F, Osswald M, von Knoblauch K, Brimacombe R, Bogdanov A, van Heel M, Dontsova O. Direct localization by cryo-electron microscopy of secondary structural elements in Escherichia coli 23 S rRNA which differ from the corresponding regions in Haloarcula marismortui. J Mol Biol 2001; 307:1341-9. [PMID: 11292346 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insertions were introduced by a two-step mutagenesis procedure into each of five double-helical regions of Escherichia coli 23 S rRNA, so as to extend the helix concerned by 17 bp. The helices chosen were at sites within the 23 S molecule (h9, h25, h45, h63 and h98) where significant length variations between different species are known to occur. At each of these positions, with the exception of h45, there are also significant differences between the 23 S rRNAs of E. coli and Haloarcula marismortui. Plasmids carrying the insertions were introduced into an E. coli strain lacking all seven rrn operons. In four of the five cases the cells were viable and 50 S subunits could be isolated; only the insertion in h63 was lethal. The modified subunits were examined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), with a view to locating extra electron density corresponding to the insertion elements. The results were compared both with the recently determined atomic structure of H. marismortui 23 S rRNA in the 50 S subunit, and with previous 23 S rRNA modelling studies based on cryo-EM reconstructions of E. coli ribosomes. The insertion element in h45 was located by cryo-EM at a position corresponding precisely to that of the equivalent helix in H. marismortui. The insertion in h98 (which is entirely absent in H. marismortui) was similarly located at a position corresponding precisely to that predicted from the E. coli modelling studies. In the region of h9, the difference between the E. coli and H. marismortui secondary structures is ambiguous, and the extra electron density corresponding to the insertion was seen at a location intermediate between the position of the nearest helix in the atomic structure and that in the modelled structure. In the case of h25 (which is about 50 nucleotides longer in H. marismortui), no clear extra cryo-EM density corresponding to the insertion could be observed.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Division
- Computer Graphics
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Escherichia coli/chemistry
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/growth & development
- Genes, Lethal/genetics
- Haloarcula marismortui/chemistry
- Haloarcula marismortui/genetics
- Haloarcula marismortui/growth & development
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis/genetics
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Operon/genetics
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Subunits
- RNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- RNA, Bacterial/ultrastructure
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/ultrastructure
- Ribosomes/chemistry
- Ribosomes/genetics
- Ribosomes/metabolism
- Ribosomes/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matadeen
- Medicine and Technology Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, London, SW7 2AY, UK
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Sparvoli R, Bidoli V, Canestro A, Casolino M, De Pascale M, Furano G, Iannucci A, Morselli A, Picozza P, Bakaldin A, Galper A, Kol-ov S, Korotkov M, Leonov A, Mikhailov V, Murashov A, Voronov S, Bonvicini V, Cirami R, Vacchi A, Zampa N, Ambriola M, Bellotti R, Cafagna F, Ciacio F, Circella M, De Marzo C, Bartalucci S, Ricci M, Adriani O, Papini P, Piccardi S, Spillantini P, Boezio M, Castellini G. Launch in orbit of the telescope NINA for cosmic ray observations: preliminary results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5632(00)00478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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