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Uchacz T, Maroń AM, Szlachcic P, Danel A, Pokladko-Kowar M, Gondek E, Kolek P, Zapotoczny S, Stadnicka KM. Photoinduced charge transfer in push-pull pyrazoline-based chromophores - Relationship between molecular structure and photophysical, photovoltaic properties. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 296:122643. [PMID: 37001263 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The manuscript describes the effect of molecular structure on the photophysical and photovoltaic properties of the pyrazoline-based donor-branched-π-system-acceptor compounds decorated with two end groups: phenyl or thiophene. Although the absorption to the first singlet excited state is strongly allowed, the emission quantum yield is low in all studied solvents. This behaviour was explained by the existence of two non-radiative deactivation channels: the back electron transfer process, especially operated in polar solvents, and internal conversion realized as the rotation of flexible rotors (cyano, keto phenyl or thiophene). The feasibility of the photoinduced electron transfer process was corroborated by electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical measurements as well as DFT calculations. DFT calculations also support the existence of multiple conformations in the ground state, which differ from one another in terms of charge distribution and the values of ground state dipole moment. Finally, the mechanism of the singlet excited state deactivation of the studied compounds was determined by ultrafast pump-probe measurements. Our studies revealed that charge/electron transfer process may undergo over carbonyl bridge, included in branched π-system. Moreover, the thiophene decorated pyrazoline is characterized by a better photovoltaic power conversion efficiency, while the phenyl-ended pyrazoline can be applied as a viscosity sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Uchacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna M Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Szlachcic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Danel
- Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Pokladko-Kowar
- Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Gondek
- Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kolek
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszów, 1 Pigonia Street, PL-35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Stadnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Dreszer D, Szewczyk G, Szubka M, Maroń AM, Urbisz AZ, Małota K, Sznajder J, Rost-Roszkowska M, Musioł R, Serda M. Uncovering nanotoxicity of a water-soluble and red-fluorescent [70]fullerene nanomaterial. Sci Total Environ 2023; 879:163052. [PMID: 36963679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Engineered fullerene materials have attracted the attention of researchers in the biomedical sciences, especially when their synthetic methodology is developed to endow them with significant levels of water-solubility and bioavailability. In this study, we synthesized and characterized a water-soluble and red-fluorescent [70]fullerene nanomaterial, which fluoresced at 693 nm with a quantum yield of 0.065 and a large Stokes shift (around 300 nm). The fullerene nanomaterial generated mainly singlet oxygen after illumination with blue LED light, while superoxide anion radical production was minimal. The transmission electron microscopy as well as fluorescent studies of Drosophila melanogaster revealed that prepared [70]fullerene nanoparticles had better bioavailability than pristine [70]fullerene nanoparticles. The designed nanomaterials were observed in the apical, perinuclear, and basal regions of digestive cells, as well as the basal lamina of the digestive system's epithelium, with no damage to cell organelles and no activation of degenerative processes and cell death. Our findings provide a new perspective for understanding the in vivo behavior of fullerene nanomaterials and their future application in bioimaging and light-activated nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Dreszer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| | | | - Anna M Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Z Urbisz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Karol Małota
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Sznajder
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Robert Musioł
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Serda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
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Maroń AM, Palion-Gazda J, Szłapa-Kula A, Schab-Balcerzak E, Siwy M, Sulowska K, Maćkowski S, Machura B. Controlling of Photophysical Behavior of Rhenium(I) Complexes with 2,6-Di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine-Based Ligands by Pendant π-Conjugated Aryl Groups. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911019. [PMID: 36232327 PMCID: PMC9569785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure–property correlations and control of electronic excited states in transition metal complexes (TMCs) are of high significance for TMC-based functional material development. Within these studies, a series of Re(I) carbonyl complexes with aryl-substituted 2,6-di(thiazol-2-yl)pyridines (Arn-dtpy) was synthesized, and their ground- and excited-state properties were investigated. A number of condensed aromatic rings, which function as the linking mode of the aryl substituent, play a fundamental role in controlling photophysics of the resulting [ReCl(CO)3(Arn-dtpy-κ2N)]. Photoexcitation of [ReCl(CO)3(Arn-dtpy-κ2N)] with 1-naphthyl-, 2-naphthyl-, 9-phenanthrenyl leads to the population of 3MLCT. The lowest triplet state of Re(I) chromophores bearing 9-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 1-pyrenyl groups is ligand localized. The rhenium(I) complex with appended 1-pyrenyl group features long-lived room temperature emission attributed to the equilibrium between 3MLCT and 3IL/3ILCT. The excited-state dynamics in complexes [ReCl(CO)3(9-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)] and [ReCl(CO)3(2-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)] is strongly dependent on the electronic coupling between anthracene and {ReCl(CO)3(dtpy-κ2N)}. Less steric hindrance between the chromophores in [ReCl(CO)3(2-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)] is responsible for the faster formation of 3IL/3ILCT and larger contribution of 3ILCTanthracene→dtpy in relation to the isomeric complex [ReCl(CO)3(9-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)]. In agreement with stronger electronic communication between the aryl and Re(I) coordination centre, [ReCl(CO)3(2-anthryl-dtpy-κ2N)] displays room-temperature emission contributed to by 3MLCT and 3ILanthracene/3ILCTanthracene→dtpy phosphorescence. The latter presents rarely observed phenomena in luminescent metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (B.M.); Tel.: +48-3-2359-1627 (A.M.M. & B.M.)
| | - Joanna Palion-Gazda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Szłapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Sulowska
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (B.M.); Tel.: +48-3-2359-1627 (A.M.M. & B.M.)
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Małecka M, Szlapa-Kula A, Maroń AM, Ledwon P, Siwy M, Schab-Balcerzak E, Sulowska K, Maćkowski S, Erfurt K, Machura B. Impact of the Anthryl Linking Mode on the Photophysics and Excited-State Dynamics of Re(I) Complexes [ReCl(CO) 3(4′-An-terpy-κ 2N)]. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15070-15084. [PMID: 36101987 PMCID: PMC9516691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Rhenium(I) complexes with 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridines
(terpy) substituted with 9-anthryl (1) and 2-anthryl
(2) were synthesized, and the impact of the anthryl linking
mode on the ground- and excited-state properties of resulting complexes
[ReCl(CO)3(4′-An-terpy-κ2N)] (An—anthryl)
was investigated using a combination of steady-state and time-resolved
optical techniques accompanied by theoretical calculations. Different
attachment positions of anthracene modify the overlap between the
molecular orbitals and thus the electronic coupling of the anthracene
and {ReCl(CO)3(terpy-κ2N)} chromophores.
Following the femtosecond transient absorption, the lowest triplet
excited state of both complexes was found to be localized on the anthracene
chromophore. The striking difference between 1 and 2 concerns the triplet-state formation dynamics. A more planar
geometry of 2-anthryl-terpy (2), and thus better electronic
communication between the anthracene and {ReCl(CO)3(terpy-κ2N)} chromophores, facilitates the formation of the 3An triplet state. In steady-state photoluminescence spectra, the
population ratio of 3MLCT and 3An was found
to be dependent not only on the anthryl linking mode but also on solvent
polarity and excitation wavelengths. In dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),
compounds 1 and 2 excited with λexc > 410 nm show both 3MLCT and 3An
emissions, which are rarely observed. Additionally, the abilities
of the designed complexes for 1O2 generation
and light emission under the external voltage were preliminary examined. The impact of the anthryl linking mode
on the ground- and
excited-state properties of [ReCl(CO)3(4′-An-terpy-κ2N)] with 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridines (terpy)
substituted with 9-anthryl (1) and 2-anthryl (2) was thoroughly investigated. Different attachment positions of
anthracene were evidenced to modify the overlap between the molecular
orbitals and electronic coupling of the anthracene and {ReCl(CO)3(terpy-κ2N)} chromophores and thus the optical
properties of the resulting complexes. The striking difference between 1 and 2 was demonstrated in the triplet-state
formation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Małecka
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Szlapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna M. Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Sulowska
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
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Kowalik P, Bujak P, Penkala M, Maroń AM, Ostrowski A, Kmita A, Gajewska M, Lisowski W, Sobczak JW, Pron A. Indium(II) Chloride as a Precursor in the Synthesis of Ternary (Ag-In-S) and Quaternary (Ag-In-Zn-S) Nanocrystals. Chem Mater 2022; 34:809-825. [PMID: 35095188 PMCID: PMC8794001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new indium precursor, namely, indium(II) chloride, was tested as a precursor in the synthesis of ternary Ag-In-S and quaternary Ag-In-Zn-S nanocrystals. This new precursor, being in fact a dimer of Cl2In-InCl2 chemical structure, is significantly more reactive than InCl3, typically used in the preparation of these types of nanocrystals. This was evidenced by carrying out comparative syntheses under the same reaction conditions using these two indium precursors in combination with the same silver (AgNO3) and zinc (zinc stearate) precursors. In particular, the use of indium(II) chloride in combination with low concentrations of the zinc precursor yielded spherical-shaped (D = 3.7-6.2 nm) Ag-In-Zn-S nanocrystals, whereas for higher concentrations of this precursor, rodlike nanoparticles (L = 9-10 nm) were obtained. In all cases, the resulting nanocrystals were enriched in indium (In/Ag = 1.5-10.3). Enhanced indium precursor conversion and formation of anisotropic, longitudinal nanoparticles were closely related to the presence of thiocarboxylic acid type of ligands in the reaction mixture. These ligands were generated in situ and subsequently bound to surfacial In(III) cations in the growing nanocrystals. The use of the new precursor of enhanced reactivity facilitated precise tuning of the photoluminescence color of the resulting nanocrystals in the spectral range from ca. 730 to 530 nm with photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) varying from 20 to 40%. The fabricated Ag-In-S and Ag-In-Zn-S nanocrystals exhibited the longest, reported to date, photoluminescence lifetimes of ∼9.4 and ∼1.4 μs, respectively. It was also demonstrated for the first time that ternary (Ag-In-S) and quaternary (Ag-In-Zn-S) nanocrystals could be applied as efficient photocatalysts, active under visible light (green) illumination, in the reaction of aldehydes reduction to alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kowalik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Street, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Penkala
- Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna M. Maroń
- Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ostrowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Kmita
- Academic
Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Gajewska
- Academic
Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Lisowski
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz W. Sobczak
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Szlapa-Kula A, Małecka M, Maroń AM, Janeczek H, Siwy M, Schab-Balcerzak E, Szalkowski M, Maćkowski S, Pedzinski T, Erfurt K, Machura B. In-Depth Studies of Ground- and Excited-State Properties of Re(I) Carbonyl Complexes Bearing 2,2':6',2″-Terpyridine and 2,6-Bis(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridine Coupled with π-Conjugated Aryl Chromophores. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18726-18738. [PMID: 34847330 PMCID: PMC8693190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the current work, comprehensive photophysical and electrochemical studies were performed for eight rhenium(I) complexes incorporating 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (terpy) and 2,6-bis(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridine (dppy) with appended 1-naphthyl-, 2-naphthyl-, 9-phenanthrenyl, and 1-pyrenyl groups. Naphthyl and phenanthrenyl substituents marginally affected the energy of the MLCT absorption and emission bands, signaling a weak electronic coupling of the appended aryl group with the Re(I) center. The triplet MLCT state in these complexes is so low lying relative to the triplet 3ILaryl that the thermal population of the triplet excited state delocalized on the organic chromophore is ineffective. The attachment of the electron-rich pyrenyl group resulted in a noticeable red shift and a significant increase in molar absorption coefficients of the lowest energy absorption of the resulting Re(I) complexes due to the contribution of intraligand charge-transfer (ILCT) transitions occurring from the pyrenyl substituent to the terpy/dppy core. At 77 K, the excited states of [ReCl(CO)3(Ln-κ2N)] with 1-pyrenyl-functionalized ligands were found to have predominant 3ILpyrene/3ILCTpyrene→terpy character. The 3IL/3ILCT nature of the lowest energy excited state of [ReCl(CO)3(4'-(1-pyrenyl)-terpy-κ2N)] was also evidenced by nanosecond transient absorption and time-resolved emission spectroscopy. Enhanced room-temperature emission lifetimes of the complexes [ReCl(CO)3(Ln-κ2N)] with 1-pyrenyl-substituted ligands are indicative of the thermal activation between 3MLCT and 3IL/3ILCT excited states. Deactivation pathways occurring upon light excitation in [ReCl(CO)3(4'-(1-naphthyl)-terpy-κ2N)] and [ReCl(CO)3(4'-(1-pyrenyl)-terpy-κ2N)] were determined by femtosecond transient absorption studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szlapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, ninth Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Małecka
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, ninth Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna M Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, ninth Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcin Szalkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pedzinski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, ninth Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
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Maroń AM, Choroba K, Małecki JG, Kula S, Malicka E. Platinum(II) coordination compound with 4′-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine – The new insight into the luminescence behavior and substituent effect. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Maroń AM, Szlapa-Kula A, Matussek M, Kruszynski R, Siwy M, Janeczek H, Grzelak J, Maćkowski S, Schab-Balcerzak E, Machura B. Photoluminescence enhancement of Re(i) carbonyl complexes bearing D-A and D-π-A ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4441-4453. [PMID: 32181459 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04871e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three Re(i) carbonyl complexes [ReCl(CO)3(Ln)] bearing 2,2'-bipyridine, 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, and 1,10-phenanthroline functionalized with diphenylamine/or triphenylamine units (L1-L3) were synthesized to explore the impact of highly electron donating units appended to the imine ligand on the thermal and optoelectronic properties of Re(i) systems. Additionally, for comparison, the ligands L1-3 and parent complexes [ReCl(CO)3(bipy)], [ReCl(CO)3(phen)] and [ReCl(CO)3(terpy-κ2N)] were investigated. The thermal stability was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. The ground- and excited-state electronic properties of the Re(i) complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, absorption and emission spectroscopy, as well as using density-functional theory (DFT). The majority of the compounds form amorphous molecular materials with high glass transition temperatures above 100 °C. Compared to the unsubstituted complexes [ReCl(CO)3(bipy)], [ReCl(CO)3(phen)] and [ReCl(CO)3(terpy-κ2N)], the HOMO-LUMO gap of the corresponding Re(i) systems bearing modified imine ligands is reduced, and the decrease in the value of the ΔEH-L is mainly caused by the increase in HOMO energy level. In relation to the parent complexes, all designed Re(i) carbonyls were found to show enhanced photoluminescence, both in solution and in solid state. The investigated ligands and complexes were also preliminarily tested as luminophores in light emitting diodes with the structures ITO/PEDOT:PSS/compound/Al and ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK:PBD:compound/Al. The pronounced effect of the ligand chemical structure on electroluminescence ability was clearly visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40006, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agata Szlapa-Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40006, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Marek Matussek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40006, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Rafal Kruszynski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Justyna Grzelak
- Nanophotonics Group, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Nanophotonics Group, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40006, Katowice, Poland. and Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 9th Szkolna Street, 40006, Katowice, Poland.
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Choroba K, Machura B, Raposo LR, Małecki JG, Kula S, Pająk M, Erfurt K, Maroń AM, Fernandes AR. Platinum(ii) complexes showing high cytotoxicity toward A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13081-13093. [PMID: 31411239 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02894c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
2,6-Bis(thiazol-2-yl)pyridines functionalized with 9-anthryl (L1), 9-phenanthryl (L2), and 1-pyrenyl (L3) groups were used for the preparation of [Pt(Ln)Cl]CF3SO3 (1-3). The constitution of the Pt(ii) complexes was determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, HR-MS spectrometry, elemental analysis and X-ray analysis (for (1)). The electrochemical and photophysical properties of [Pt(Ln)Cl]CF3SO3 were compared with the behaviour of the Pt(ii) complexes with aryl-substituted 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine ligands. What is noteworthy is that the coordination ability of dtpy toward the Pt(ii) centre was investigated for the first time. All complexes were tested in vitro by MTS assay on four tumor cell lines, A2780 (ovarian carcinoma), HTC116 (colon rectal carcinoma), MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma), and PC3 (prostate carcinoma) and on normal primary fibroblasts. Compounds (1-3) showed a dose dependent antiproliferative effect in the A2780 cell line with (3) > (2) > (1) and this loss of A2780 cell viability was due to a combination of an apoptotic cell death mechanism via mitochondria and autophagic cell death. Exposure to IC50 concentration of (2) induced an increase in the number of apoptotic nuclei and a depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane which is consistent with the induction of apoptosis while exposure to IC50 concentration of (3) showed an increase in the apoptotic nuclei with a slight hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane that might indicate an initial step of apoptosis induction. The complexes (2) and (3) induce an increase in the production of intracellular ROS which is associated with the trigger of the apoptotic pathways. The ROS production was augmented by the presence of oxidants and correlated with an increase of oxygen radicals. The IC50 of (2) and (3) (4.4 μM and 2.9 μM, respectively) was similar to the IC50 of cisplatin (3.4 μM) in the A2780 cell line, which together with their low cytotoxicity in normal fibroblasts, demonstrates their potential for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Choroba
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Luis R Raposo
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Jan G Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Michał Pająk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna M Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Maroń AM, Małecki JG. Spectroscopic characterization of chloride and pseudohalide ruthenium(II) complexes with 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-014-9865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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