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Smitherman EA, Chahine RA, Beukelman T, Lewandowski LB, Rahman AKMF, Wenderfer SE, Curtis JR, Hersh AO, Abulaban K, Adams A, Adams M, Agbayani R, Aiello J, Akoghlanian S, Alejandro C, Allenspach E, Alperin R, Alpizar M, Amarilyo G, Ambler W, Anderson E, Ardoin S, Armendariz S, Baker E, Balboni I, Balevic S, Ballenger L, Ballinger S, Balmuri N, Barbar‐Smiley F, Barillas‐Arias L, Basiaga M, Baszis K, Becker M, Bell‐Brunson H, Beltz E, Benham H, Benseler S, Bernal W, Beukelman T, Bigley T, Binstadt B, Black C, Blakley M, Bohnsack J, Boland J, Boneparth A, Bowman S, Bracaglia C, Brooks E, Brothers M, Brown A, Brunner H, Buckley M, Buckley M, Bukulmez H, Bullock D, Cameron B, Canna S, Cannon L, Carper P, Cartwright V, Cassidy E, Cerracchio L, Chalom E, Chang J, Chang‐Hoftman A, Chauhan V, Chira P, Chinn T, Chundru K, Clairman H, Co D, Confair A, Conlon H, Connor R, Cooper A, Cooper J, Cooper S, Correll C, Corvalan R, Costanzo D, Cron R, Curiel‐Duran L, Curington T, Curry M, Dalrymple A, Davis A, Davis C, Davis C, Davis T, De Benedetti F, De Ranieri D, Dean J, Dedeoglu F, DeGuzman M, Delnay N, Dempsey V, DeSantis E, Dickson T, Dingle J, Donaldson B, Dorsey E, Dover S, Dowling J, Drew J, Driest K, Du Q, Duarte K, Durkee D, Duverger E, Dvergsten J, Eberhard A, Eckert M, Ede K, Edelheit B, Edens C, Edens C, Edgerly Y, Elder M, Ervin B, Fadrhonc S, Failing C, Fair D, Falcon M, Favier L, Federici S, Feldman B, Fennell J, Ferguson I, Ferguson P, Ferreira B, Ferrucho R, Fields K, Finkel T, Fitzgerald M, Fleming C, Flynn O, Fogel L, Fox E, Fox M, Franco L, Freeman M, Fritz K, Froese S, Fuhlbrigge R, Fuller J, George N, Gerhold K, Gerstbacher D, Gilbert M, Gillispie‐Taylor M, Giverc E, Godiwala C, Goh I, Goheer H, Goldsmith D, Gotschlich E, Gotte A, Gottlieb B, Gracia C, Graham T, Grevich S, Griffin T, Griswold J, Grom A, Guevara M, Guittar P, Guzman M, Hager M, Hahn T, Halyabar O, Hammelev E, Hance M, Hanson A, Harel L, Haro S, Harris J, Harry O, Hartigan E, Hausmann J, Hay A, Hayward K, Heiart J, Hekl K, Henderson L, Henrickson M, Hersh A, Hickey K, Hill P, Hillyer S, Hiraki L, Hiskey M, Hobday P, Hoffart C, Holland M, Hollander M, Hong S, Horwitz M, Hsu J, Huber A, Huggins J, Hui‐Yuen J, Hung C, Huntington J, Huttenlocher A, Ibarra M, Imundo L, Inman C, Insalaco A, Jackson A, Jackson S, James K, Janow G, Jaquith J, Jared S, Johnson N, Jones J, Jones J, Jones J, Jones K, Jones S, Joshi S, Jung L, Justice C, Justiniano A, Karan N, Kaufman K, Kemp A, Kessler E, Khalsa U, Kienzle B, Kim S, Kimura Y, Kingsbury D, Kitcharoensakkul M, Klausmeier T, Klein K, Klein‐Gitelman M, Kompelien B, Kosikowski A, Kovalick L, Kracker J, Kramer S, Kremer C, Lai J, Lam J, Lang B, Lapidus S, Lapin B, Lasky A, Latham D, Lawson E, Laxer R, Lee P, Lee P, Lee T, Lentini L, Lerman M, Levy D, Li S, Lieberman S, Lim L, Lin C, Ling N, Lingis M, Lo M, Lovell D, Lowman D, Luca N, Lvovich S, Madison C, Madison J, Manzoni SM, Malla B, Maller J, Malloy M, Mannion M, Manos C, Marques L, Martyniuk A, Mason T, Mathus S, McAllister L, McCarthy K, McConnell K, McCormick E, McCurdy D, Stokes PM, McGuire S, McHale I, McMonagle A, McMullen‐Jackson C, Meidan E, Mellins E, Mendoza E, Mercado R, Merritt A, Michalowski L, Miettunen P, Miller M, Milojevic D, Mirizio E, Misajon E, Mitchell M, Modica R, Mohan S, Moore K, Moorthy L, Morgan S, Dewitt EM, Moss C, Moussa T, Mruk V, Murphy A, Muscal E, Nadler R, Nahal B, Nanda K, Nasah N, Nassi L, Nativ S, Natter M, Neely J, Nelson B, Newhall L, Ng L, Nicholas J, Nicolai R, Nigrovic P, Nocton J, Nolan B, Oberle E, Obispo B, O'Brien B, O'Brien T, Okeke O, Oliver M, Olson J, O'Neil K, Onel K, Orandi A, Orlando M, Osei‐Onomah S, Oz R, Pagano E, Paller A, Pan N, Panupattanapong S, Pardeo M, Paredes J, Parsons A, Patel J, Pentakota K, Pepmueller P, Pfeiffer T, Phillippi K, Marafon DP, Phillippi K, Ponder L, Pooni R, Prahalad S, Pratt S, Protopapas S, Puplava B, Quach J, Quinlan‐Waters M, Rabinovich C, Radhakrishna S, Rafko J, Raisian J, Rakestraw A, Ramirez C, Ramsay E, Ramsey S, Randell R, Reed A, Reed A, Reed A, Reid H, Remmel K, Repp A, Reyes A, Richmond A, Riebschleger M, Ringold S, Riordan M, Riskalla M, Ritter M, Rivas‐Chacon R, Robinson A, Rodela E, Rodriquez M, Rojas K, Ronis T, Rosenkranz M, Rosolowski B, Rothermel H, Rothman D, Roth‐Wojcicki E, Rouster – Stevens K, Rubinstein T, Ruth N, Saad N, Sabbagh S, Sacco E, Sadun R, Sandborg C, Sanni A, Santiago L, Sarkissian A, Savani S, Scalzi L, Schanberg L, Scharnhorst S, Schikler K, Schlefman A, Schmeling H, Schmidt K, Schmitt E, Schneider R, Schollaert‐Fitch K, Schulert G, Seay T, Seper C, Shalen J, Sheets R, Shelly A, Shenoi S, Shergill K, Shirley J, Shishov M, Shivers C, Silverman E, Singer N, Sivaraman V, Sletten J, Smith A, Smith C, Smith J, Smith J, Smitherman E, Soep J, Son M, Spence S, Spiegel L, Spitznagle J, Sran R, Srinivasalu H, Stapp H, Steigerwald K, Rakovchik YS, Stern S, Stevens A, Stevens B, Stevenson R, Stewart K, Stingl C, Stokes J, Stoll M, Stringer E, Sule S, Sumner J, Sundel R, Sutter M, Syed R, Syverson G, Szymanski A, Taber S, Tal R, Tambralli A, Taneja A, Tanner T, Tapani S, Tarshish G, Tarvin S, Tate L, Taxter A, Taylor J, Terry M, Tesher M, Thatayatikom A, Thomas B, Tiffany K, Ting T, Tipp A, Toib D, Torok K, Toruner C, Tory H, Toth M, Tse S, Tubwell V, Twilt M, Uriguen S, Valcarcel T, Van Mater H, Vannoy L, Varghese C, Vasquez N, Vazzana K, Vehe R, Veiga K, Velez J, Verbsky J, Vilar G, Volpe N, von Scheven E, Vora S, Wagner J, Wagner‐Weiner L, Wahezi D, Waite H, Walker J, Walters H, Muskardin TW, Waqar L, Waterfield M, Watson M, Watts A, Weiser P, Weiss J, Weiss P, Wershba E, White A, Williams C, Wise A, Woo J, Woolnough L, Wright T, Wu E, Yalcindag A, Yee M, Yen E, Yeung R, Yomogida K, Yu Q, Zapata R, Zartoshti A, Zeft A, Zeft R, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu A, Zic C. Childhood-Onset Lupus Nephritis in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry: Short-Term Kidney Status and Variation in Care. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:1553-1562. [PMID: 36775844 PMCID: PMC10500561 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal was to characterize short-term kidney status and describe variation in early care utilization in a multicenter cohort of patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and nephritis. METHODS We analyzed previously collected prospective data from North American patients with cSLE with kidney biopsy-proven nephritis enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry from March 2017 through December 2019. We determined the proportion of patients with abnormal kidney status at the most recent registry visit and applied generalized linear mixed models to identify associated factors. We also calculated frequency of medication use, both during induction and ever recorded. RESULTS We identified 222 patients with kidney biopsy-proven nephritis, with 64% class III/IV nephritis on initial biopsy. At the most recent registry visit at median (interquartile range) of 17 (8-29) months from initial kidney biopsy, 58 of 106 patients (55%) with available data had abnormal kidney status. This finding was associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.88, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.21-12.46) and age at cSLE diagnosis (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.49). Patients with class IV nephritis were more likely than class III to receive cyclophosphamide and rituximab during induction. There was substantial variation in mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab ever use patterns across rheumatology centers. CONCLUSION In this cohort with predominately class III/IV nephritis, male sex and older age at cSLE diagnosis were associated with abnormal short-term kidney status. We also observed substantial variation in contemporary medication use for pediatric lupus nephritis between pediatric rheumatology centers. Additional studies are needed to better understand the impact of this variation on long-term kidney outcomes.
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Hahn T, Daymont C, Beukelman T, Groh B, Hays K, Bingham CA, Scalzi L, Abel N, Abulaban K, Adams A, Adams M, Agbayani R, Aiello J, Akoghlanian S, Alejandro C, Allenspach E, Alperin R, Alpizar M, Amarilyo G, Ambler W, Anderson E, Ardoin S, Armendariz S, Baker E, Balboni I, Balevic S, Ballenger L, Ballinger S, Balmuri N, Barbar-Smiley F, Barillas-Arias L, Basiaga M, Baszis K, Becker M, Bell-Brunson H, Beltz E, Benham H, Benseler S, Bernal W, Beukelman T, Bigley T, Binstadt B, Black C, Blakley M, Bohnsack J, Boland J, Boneparth A, Bowman S, Bracaglia C, Brooks E, Brothers M, Brown A, Brunner H, Buckley M, Buckley M, Bukulmez H, Bullock D, Cameron B, Canna S, Cannon L, Carper P, Cartwright V, Cassidy E, Cerracchio L, Chalom E, Chang J, Chang-Hoftman A, Chauhan V, Chira P, Chinn T, Chundru K, Clairman H, Co D, Confair A, Conlon H, Connor R, Cooper A, Cooper J, Cooper S, Correll C, Corvalan R, Costanzo D, Cron R, Curiel-Duran L, Curington T, Curry M, Dalrymple A, Davis A, Davis C, Davis C, Davis T, De Benedetti F, De Ranieri D, Dean J, Dedeoglu F, DeGuzman M, Delnay N, Dempsey V, DeSantis E, Dickson T, Dingle J, Donaldson B, Dorsey E, Dover S, Dowling J, Drew J, Driest K, Du Q, Duarte K, Durkee D, Duverger E, Dvergsten J, Eberhard A, Eckert M, Ede K, Edelheit B, Edens C, Edens C, Edgerly Y, Elder M, Ervin B, Fadrhonc S, Failing C, Fair D, Falcon M, Favier L, Federici S, Feldman B, Fennell J, Ferguson I, Ferguson P, Ferreira B, Ferrucho R, Fields K, Finkel T, Fitzgerald M, Fleming C, Flynn O, Fogel L, Fox E, Fox M, Franco L, Freeman M, Fritz K, Froese S, Fuhlbrigge R, Fuller J, George N, Gerhold K, Gerstbacher D, Gilbert M, Gillispie-Taylor M, Giverc E, Godiwala C, Goh I, Goheer H, Goldsmith D, Gotschlich E, Gotte A, Gottlieb B, Gracia C, Graham T, Grevich S, Griffin T, Griswold J, Grom A, Guevara M, Guittar P, Guzman M, Hager M, Hahn T, Halyabar O, Hammelev E, Hance M, Hanson A, Harel L, Haro S, Harris J, Harry O, Hartigan E, Hausmann J, Hay A, Hayward K, Heiart J, Hekl K, Henderson L, Henrickson M, Hersh A, Hickey K, Hill P, Hillyer S, Hiraki L, Hiskey M, Hobday P, Hoffart C, Holland M, Hollander M, Hong S, Horwitz M, Hsu J, Huber A, Huggins J, Hui-Yuen J, Hung C, Huntington J, Huttenlocher A, Ibarra M, Imundo L, Inman C, Insalaco A, Jackson A, Jackson S, James K, Janow G, Jaquith J, Jared S, Johnson N, Jones J, Jones J, Jones J, Jones K, Jones S, Joshi S, Jung L, Justice C, Justiniano A, Karan N, Kaufman K, Kemp A, Kessler E, Khalsa U, Kienzle B, Kim S, Kimura Y, Kingsbury D, Kitcharoensakkul M, Klausmeier T, Klein K, Klein-Gitelman M, Kompelien B, Kosikowski A, Kovalick L, Kracker J, Kramer S, Kremer C, Lai J, Lam J, Lang B, Lapidus S, Lapin B, Lasky A, Latham D, Lawson E, Laxer R, Lee P, Lee P, Lee T, Lentini L, Lerman M, Levy D, Li S, Lieberman S, Lim L, Lin C, Ling N, Lingis M, Lo M, Lovell D, Lowman D, Luca N, Lvovich S, Madison C, Madison J, Manzoni SM, Malla B, Maller J, Malloy M, Mannion M, Manos C, Marques L, Martyniuk A, Mason T, Mathus S, McAllister L, McCarthy K, McConnell K, McCormick E, McCurdy D, Stokes PMC, McGuire S, McHale I, McMonagle A, McMullen-Jackson C, Meidan E, Mellins E, Mendoza E, Mercado R, Merritt A, Michalowski L, Miettunen P, Miller M, Milojevic D, Mirizio E, Misajon E, Mitchell M, Modica R, Mohan S, Moore K, Moorthy L, Morgan S, Dewitt EM, Moss C, Moussa T, Mruk V, Murphy A, Muscal E, Nadler R, Nahal B, Nanda K, Nasah N, Nassi L, Nativ S, Natter M, Neely J, Nelson B, Newhall L, Ng L, Nicholas J, Nicolai R, Nigrovic P, Nocton J, Nolan B, Oberle E, Obispo B, O’Brien B, O’Brien T, Okeke O, Oliver M, Olson J, O’Neil K, Onel K, Orandi A, Orlando M, Osei-Onomah S, Oz R, Pagano E, Paller A, Pan N, Panupattanapong S, Pardeo M, Paredes J, Parsons A, Patel J, Pentakota K, Pepmueller P, Pfeiffer T, Phillippi K, Marafon DP, Phillippi K, Ponder L, Pooni R, Prahalad S, Pratt S, Protopapas S, Puplava B, Quach J, Quinlan-Waters M, Rabinovich C, Radhakrishna S, Rafko J, Raisian J, Rakestraw A, Ramirez C, Ramsay E, Ramsey S, Randell R, Reed A, Reed A, Reed A, Reid H, Remmel K, Repp A, Reyes A, Richmond A, Riebschleger M, Ringold S, Riordan M, Riskalla M, Ritter M, Rivas-Chacon R, Robinson A, Rodela E, Rodriquez M, Rojas K, Ronis T, Rosenkranz M, Rosolowski B, Rothermel H, Rothman D, Roth-Wojcicki E, Rouster-Stevens K, Rubinstein T, Ruth N, Saad N, Sabbagh S, Sacco E, Sadun R, Sandborg C, Sanni A, Santiago L, Sarkissian A, Savani S, Scalzi L, Schanberg L, Scharnhorst S, Schikler K, Schlefman A, Schmeling H, Schmidt K, Schmitt E, Schneider R, Schollaert-Fitch K, Schulert G, Seay T, Seper C, Shalen J, Sheets R, Shelly A, Shenoi S, Shergill K, Shirley J, Shishov M, Shivers C, Silverman E, Singer N, Sivaraman V, Sletten J, Smith A, Smith C, Smith J, Smith J, Smitherman E, Soep J, Son M, Spence S, Spiegel L, Spitznagle J, Sran R, Srinivasalu H, Stapp H, Steigerwald K, Rakovchik YS, Stern S, Stevens A, Stevens B, Stevenson R, Stewart K, Stingl C, Stokes J, Stoll M, Stringer E, Sule S, Sumner J, Sundel R, Sutter M, Syed R, Syverson G, Szymanski A, Taber S, Tal R, Tambralli A, Taneja A, Tanner T, Tapani S, Tarshish G, Tarvin S, Tate L, Taxter A, Taylor J, Terry M, Tesher M, Thatayatikom A, Thomas B, Tiffany K, Ting T, Tipp A, Toib D, Torok K, Toruner C, Tory H, Toth M, Tse S, Tubwell V, Twilt M, Uriguen S, Valcarcel T, Van Mater H, Vannoy L, Varghese C, Vasquez N, Vazzana K, Vehe R, Veiga K, Velez J, Verbsky J, Vilar G, Volpe N, von Scheven E, Vora S, Wagner J, Wagner-Weiner L, Wahezi D, Waite H, Walker J, Walters H, Muskardin TW, Waqar L, Waterfield M, Watson M, Watts A, Weiser P, Weiss J, Weiss P, Wershba E, White A, Williams C, Wise A, Woo J, Woolnough L, Wright T, Wu E, Yalcindag A, Yee M, Yen E, Yeung R, Yomogida K, Yu Q, Zapata R, Zartoshti A, Zeft A, Zeft R, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu A, Zic C. Intraarticular steroids as DMARD-sparing agents for juvenile idiopathic arthritis flares: Analysis of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:107. [PMID: 36434731 PMCID: PMC9701017 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who achieve a drug free remission often experience a flare of their disease requiring either intraarticular steroids (IAS) or systemic treatment with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). IAS offer an opportunity to recapture disease control and avoid exposure to side effects from systemic immunosuppression. We examined a cohort of patients treated with IAS after drug free remission and report the probability of restarting systemic treatment within 12 months. METHODS We analyzed a cohort of patients from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry who received IAS for a flare after a period of drug free remission. Historical factors and clinical characteristics and of the patients including data obtained at the time of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 46 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of those with follow up data available 49% had restarted systemic treatment 6 months after IAS injection and 70% had restarted systemic treatment at 12 months. The proportion of patients with prior use of a biologic DMARD was the only factor that differed between patients who restarted systemic treatment those who did not, both at 6 months (79% vs 35%, p < 0.01) and 12 months (81% vs 33%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION While IAS are an option for all patients who flare after drug free remission, it may not prevent the need to restart systemic treatment. Prior use of a biologic DMARD may predict lack of success for IAS. Those who previously received methotrexate only, on the other hand, are excellent candidates for IAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children's Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA, 17033-0855, USA.
| | - Carrie Daymont
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children’s Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA
| | - Timothy Beukelman
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CPPN G10, 1600 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Brandt Groh
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children’s Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA
| | | | - Catherine April Bingham
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children’s Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA
| | - Lisabeth Scalzi
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Children’s Hospital, 500 University Dr, Hershey, 90 Hope Drive, P.O. Box 855, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA
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Soulsby WD, Balmuri N, Cooley V, Gerber LM, Lawson E, Goodman S, Onel K, Mehta B, Abel N, Abulaban K, Adams A, Adams M, Agbayani R, Aiello J, Akoghlanian S, Alejandro C, Allenspach E, Alperin R, Alpizar M, Amarilyo G, Ambler W, Anderson E, Ardoin S, Armendariz S, Baker E, Balboni I, Balevic S, Ballenger L, Ballinger S, Balmuri N, Barbar-Smiley F, Barillas-Arias L, Basiaga M, Baszis K, Becker M, Bell-Brunson H, Beltz E, Benham H, Benseler S, Bernal W, Beukelman T, Bigley T, Binstadt B, Black C, Blakley M, Bohnsack J, Boland J, Boneparth A, Bowman S, Bracaglia C, Brooks E, Brothers M, Brown A, Brunner H, Buckley M, Buckley M, Bukulmez H, Bullock D, Cameron B, Canna S, Cannon L, Carper P, Cartwright V, Cassidy E, Cerracchio L, Chalom E, Chang J, Chang-Hoftman A, Chauhan V, Chira P, Chinn T, Chundru K, Clairman H, Co D, Confair A, Conlon H, Connor R, Cooper A, Cooper J, Cooper S, Correll C, Corvalan R, Costanzo D, Cron R, Curiel-Duran L, Curington T, Curry M, Dalrymple A, Davis A, Davis C, Davis C, Davis T, De Benedetti F, De Ranieri D, Dean J, Dedeoglu F, DeGuzman M, Delnay N, Dempsey V, DeSantis E, Dickson T, Dingle J, Donaldson B, Dorsey E, Dover S, Dowling J, Drew J, Driest K, Du Q, Duarte K, Durkee D, Duverger E, Dvergsten J, Eberhard A, Eckert M, Ede K, Edelheit B, Edens C, Edens C, Edgerly Y, Elder M, Ervin B, Fadrhonc S, Failing C, Fair D, Falcon M, Favier L, Federici S, Feldman B, Fennell J, Ferguson I, Ferguson P, Ferreira B, Ferrucho R, Fields K, Finkel T, Fitzgerald M, Fleming C, Flynn O, Fogel L, Fox E, Fox M, Franco L, Freeman M, Fritz K, Froese S, Fuhlbrigge R, Fuller J, George N, Gerhold K, Gerstbacher D, Gilbert M, Gillispie-Taylor M, Giverc E, Godiwala C, Goh I, Goheer H, Goldsmith D, Gotschlich E, Gotte A, Gottlieb B, Gracia C, Graham T, Grevich S, Griffin T, Griswold J, Grom A, Guevara M, Guittar P, Guzman M, Hager M, Hahn T, Halyabar O, Hammelev E, Hance M, Hanson A, Harel L, Haro S, Harris J, Harry O, Hartigan E, Hausmann J, Hay A, Hayward K, Heiart J, Hekl K, Henderson L, Henrickson M, Hersh A, Hickey K, Hill P, Hillyer S, Hiraki L, Hiskey M, Hobday P, Hoffart C, Holland M, Hollander M, Hong S, Horwitz M, Hsu J, Huber A, Huggins J, Hui-Yuen J, Hung C, Huntington J, Huttenlocher A, Ibarra M, Imundo L, Inman C, Insalaco A, Jackson A, Jackson S, James K, Janow G, Jaquith J, Jared S, Johnson N, Jones J, Jones J, Jones J, Jones K, Jones S, Joshi S, Jung L, Justice C, Justiniano A, Karan N, Kaufman K, Kemp A, Kessler E, Khalsa U, Kienzle B, Kim S, Kimura Y, Kingsbury D, Kitcharoensakkul M, Klausmeier T, Klein K, Klein-Gitelman M, Kompelien B, Kosikowski A, Kovalick L, Kracker J, Kramer S, Kremer C, Lai J, Lam J, Lang B, Lapidus S, Lapin B, Lasky A, Latham D, Lawson E, Laxer R, Lee P, Lee P, Lee T, Lentini L, Lerman M, Levy D, Li S, Lieberman S, Lim L, Lin C, Ling N, Lingis M, Lo M, Lovell D, Lowman D, Luca N, Lvovich S, Madison C, Madison J, Manzoni SM, Malla B, Maller J, Malloy M, Mannion M, Manos C, Marques L, Martyniuk A, Mason T, Mathus S, McAllister L, McCarthy K, McConnell K, McCormick E, McCurdy D, Stokes PMC, McGuire S, McHale I, McMonagle A, McMullen-Jackson C, Meidan E, Mellins E, Mendoza E, Mercado R, Merritt A, Michalowski L, Miettunen P, Miller M, Milojevic D, Mirizio E, Misajon E, Mitchell M, Modica R, Mohan S, Moore K, Moorthy L, Morgan S, Dewitt EM, Moss C, Moussa T, Mruk V, Murphy A, Muscal E, Nadler R, Nahal B, Nanda K, Nasah N, Nassi L, Nativ S, Natter M, Neely J, Nelson B, Newhall L, Ng L, Nicholas J, Nicolai R, Nigrovic P, Nocton J, Nolan B, Oberle E, Obispo B, O’Brien B, O’Brien T, Okeke O, Oliver M, Olson J, O’Neil K, Onel K, Orandi A, Orlando M, Osei-Onomah S, Oz R, Pagano E, Paller A, Pan N, Panupattanapong S, Pardeo M, Paredes J, Parsons A, Patel J, Pentakota K, Pepmueller P, Pfeiffer T, Phillippi K, Marafon DP, Phillippi K, Ponder L, Pooni R, Prahalad S, Pratt S, Protopapas S, Puplava B, Quach J, Quinlan-Waters M, Rabinovich C, Radhakrishna S, Rafko J, Raisian J, Rakestraw A, Ramirez C, Ramsay E, Ramsey S, Randell R, Reed A, Reed A, Reed A, Reid H, Remmel K, Repp A, Reyes A, Richmond A, Riebschleger M, Ringold S, Riordan M, Riskalla M, Ritter M, Rivas-Chacon R, Robinson A, Rodela E, Rodriquez M, Rojas K, Ronis T, Rosenkranz M, Rosolowski B, Rothermel H, Rothman D, Roth-Wojcicki E, Rouster-Stevens K, Rubinstein T, Ruth N, Saad N, Sabbagh S, Sacco E, Sadun R, Sandborg C, Sanni A, Santiago L, Sarkissian A, Savani S, Scalzi L, Schanberg L, Scharnhorst S, Schikler K, Schlefman A, Schmeling H, Schmidt K, Schmitt E, Schneider R, Schollaert-Fitch K, Schulert G, Seay T, Seper C, Shalen J, Sheets R, Shelly A, Shenoi S, Shergill K, Shirley J, Shishov M, Shivers C, Silverman E, Singer N, Sivaraman V, Sletten J, Smith A, Smith C, Smith J, Smith J, Smitherman E, Soep J, Son M, Spence S, Spiegel L, Spitznagle J, Sran R, Srinivasalu H, Stapp H, Steigerwald K, Rakovchik YS, Stern S, Stevens A, Stevens B, Stevenson R, Stewart K, Stingl C, Stokes J, Stoll M, Stringer E, Sule S, Sumner J, Sundel R, Sutter M, Syed R, Syverson G, Szymanski A, Taber S, Tal R, Tambralli A, Taneja A, Tanner T, Tapani S, Tarshish G, Tarvin S, Tate L, Taxter A, Taylor J, Terry M, Tesher M, Thatayatikom A, Thomas B, Tiffany K, Ting T, Tipp A, Toib D, Torok K, Toruner C, Tory H, Toth M, Tse S, Tubwell V, Twilt M, Uriguen S, Valcarcel T, Van Mater H, Vannoy L, Varghese C, Vasquez N, Vazzana K, Vehe R, Veiga K, Velez J, Verbsky J, Vilar G, Volpe N, von Scheven E, Vora S, Wagner J, Wagner-Weiner L, Wahezi D, Waite H, Walker J, Walters H, Muskardin TW, Waqar L, Waterfield M, Watson M, Watts A, Weiser P, Weiss J, Weiss P, Wershba E, White A, Williams C, Wise A, Woo J, Woolnough L, Wright T, Wu E, Yalcindag A, Yee M, Yen E, Yeung R, Yomogida K, Yu Q, Zapata R, Zartoshti A, Zeft A, Zeft R, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu A, Zic C. Social determinants of health influence disease activity and functional disability in Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:18. [PMID: 35255941 PMCID: PMC8903717 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDH) greatly influence outcomes during the first year of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis, a disease similar to polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA). We investigated the correlation of community poverty level and other SDH with the persistence of moderate to severe disease activity and functional disability over the first year of treatment in pJIA patients enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry. METHODS In this cohort study, unadjusted and adjusted generalized linear mixed effects models analyzed the effect of community poverty and other SDH on disease activity, using the clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-10, and disability, using the Child Health Assessment Questionnaire, measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS One thousand six hundred eighty-four patients were identified. High community poverty (≥20% living below the federal poverty level) was associated with increased odds of functional disability (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.28-2.60) but was not statistically significant after adjustment (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 0.81-1.86) and was not associated with increased disease activity. Non-white race/ethnicity was associated with higher disease activity (aOR 2.48, 95% CI: 1.41-4.36). Lower self-reported household income was associated with higher disease activity and persistent functional disability. Public insurance (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06-2.29) and low family education (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.14-3.12) was associated with persistent functional disability. CONCLUSION High community poverty level was associated with persistent functional disability in unadjusted analysis but not with persistent moderate to high disease activity. Race/ethnicity and other SDH were associated with persistent disease activity and functional disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Daniel Soulsby
- University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box #0632, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Nayimisha Balmuri
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Victoria Cooley
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Linda M. Gerber
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Erica Lawson
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box #0632, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Susan Goodman
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Karen Onel
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Bella Mehta
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
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Dalrymple A, McEwan M, Brandt M, Bielfeldt S, Bean E, Moga A, Coburn S, Hardie G. A novel clinical method to measure skin staining reveals activation of skin damage pathways by cigarette smoke. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:162-170. [PMID: 34758171 PMCID: PMC9299119 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term use of cigarettes can result in localised staining and aging of smokers' skin. The use of tobacco heating products (THPs) and electronic cigarettes (ECs) has grown on a global scale; however, the long-term effect of these products' aerosols on consumers' skin is unknown. This pilot clinical study aimed to determine whether THP or EC aerosol exposure results in skin staining or activation of biomarkers associated with oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight areas were identified on the backs of 10 subjects. Two areas were used for air control, and two areas exposed to 32-puffs of cigarette smoke (CS), THP or EC aerosols, which were delivered to the skin using a 3-cm diameter exposure chamber and smoke engine. Skin colour was measured using a Chromameter. Squalene (SQ), SQ monohydroperoxide (SQOOH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in sebum samples by mass spectrometry and catalase colorimetry. RESULTS CS exposure significantly increased skin staining, SQOOH and MDA levels and SQOOH/SQ ratio. THP and EC values were significantly lower than CS; EC values being comparable to air control. THP values were comparable to EC and air control at all endpoints, apart from skin staining. SQ and catalase levels did not change with exposure. CONCLUSIONS CS stained skin and activated pathways known to be associated with skin damage. THPs and ECs produced significantly lower values, suggesting they could offer hygiene and cosmetic benefits for consumers who switch exclusively from smoking cigarettes. Further studies are required to assess longer-term effects of ECs and THPs on skin function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marianne Brandt
- proDERMInstitut für Angewandte Dermatologische ForschungHamburgGermany
| | - Stephan Bielfeldt
- proDERMInstitut für Angewandte Dermatologische ForschungHamburgGermany
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Dalrymple A, Bean EJ, Badrock TC, Weidman RA, Thissen J, Coburn S, Murphy J. Enamel staining with e-cigarettes, tobacco heating products and modern oral nicotine products compared with cigarettes and snus: An in vitro study. Am J Dent 2021; 34:3-9. [PMID: 33544982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke, smokeless tobacco (e.g. snus), tobacco heating products (THP), electronic cigarettes (EC), and modern oral nicotine products on tooth staining. METHODS In this in vitro study, staining was assessed for 86 days following exposure of bovine enamel samples to a scientific reference cigarette (1R6F), a THP (glo), an EC (ePen 3), a reference snus product (CRP1.1), and a modern oral product (LYFT). Red wine and coffee were used as positive controls and DMSO and complete artificial saliva as negative controls. Whether brushing could reduce staining levels was also assessed. Changes in staining levels were assessed using the Commission Internationale de L'éclairage L*a*b* method. RESULTS Enamel staining increased with incubation time, and cigarette smoke, snus, coffee and wine induced statistically higher staining levels. THP, EC and modern oral exposure induced minimal staining levels that were also comparable to negative control samples. At day 86, ΔE mean and SD values were 28.50 ± 3.14, 19.76 ± 1.26, 17.35 ± 3.44, 16.22 ± 2.07, 18.30 ± 3.82, 4.10 ± 1.99, 11.30 ± 2.60, 49.56 ± 2.44 for cigarette, glo, EC with blended tobacco, EC with rich tobacco, reference snus product, modern oral product, coffee or wine. The control ΔE mean and SD values at day 86 were 18.68 ± 3.89 for DMSO and 2.17± 0.78 for complete artificial saliva. The ΔE values for all DMSO extracted samples and control increased from day 1 to 86, which suggests that the DMSO used to extract the samples contributes to the enamel sample staining levels. Staining levels were reduced by brushing. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cigarette smoke, red wine, snus and coffee stained enamel. Exposure to THP, EC or modern oral product extracts for 86 days resulted in minimal enamel staining. Further studies are required to assess the long-term impact on staining and the oral cavity following consumer exclusive use of EC, THP or modern oral products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Dalrymple
- British American Tobacco R & D, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom,
| | - Emma-Jayne Bean
- British American Tobacco R & D, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C Badrock
- Intertek Clinical Research Services, Hooton, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jesse Thissen
- British American Tobacco R & D, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Coburn
- British American Tobacco R & D, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - James Murphy
- British American Tobacco R & D, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
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Dalrymple A, Badrock TC, Terry A, Bean EJ, Barber M, Hall PJ, Coburn S, McAughey J, Murphy J. Development of a novel method to measure material surface staining by cigarette, e-cigarette or tobacco heating product aerosols. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05012. [PMID: 32995648 PMCID: PMC7511806 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke (CS) may visually stain indoor surfaces including ceilings, walls and soft furnishings over time. Potentially reduced risk products (PRRPs) such as e-cigarettes (EC) and tobacco heating products (THP) produce chemically less complex aerosols with significantly reduced levels of toxicants, particles and odour. However, the potential effects of EC and THP aerosols on the staining of indoor surfaces are currently unknown. In this study, an exposure chamber was developed as a model system to enable the accelerated staining of wallpaper and cotton samples by a scientific reference cigarette (3R4F), three THP (glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens) and an e-cigarette (iSwitch Maxx). Exposure to 3R4F reference cigarettes caused the greatest level of staining, which was significantly higher than glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens or iSwitch Maxx aerosols, all of which showed relatively little colour change. Exposure to 200–1000 puffs of 3R4F cigarette smoke resulted in a visible dose response effect to wallpaper and cotton samples which was not observed following exposure to glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens or iSwitch Maxx aerosols. Aging of the samples for 4 weeks post-exposure resulted in changes to the staining levels, however PRRP staining levels were minimal and significantly lower than 3R4F exposed samples. For the first time, diverse PRRPs across the tobacco and nicotine products risk continuum have been assessed in vitro for their impact on surface staining. CS exposure significantly increased the level of wallpaper and cotton staining, whereas exposure to glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens or iSwitch Maxx aerosols resulted in significantly reduced levels of staining, staining levels were also comparable to untreated control samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Dalrymple
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Anya Terry
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Emma-Jayne Bean
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Mark Barber
- Borgwaldt KC GmbH Schnackenburgallee 15, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Hall
- Intertek Clinical Research Services, Hooton, Cheshire, CH66 7NZ, UK
| | - Steven Coburn
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - John McAughey
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - James Murphy
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
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Dalrymple A, Badrock TC, Terry A, Barber M, Hall PJ, Thorne D, Gaca MD, Coburn S, Proctor C. Assessment of enamel discoloration in vitro following exposure to cigarette smoke and emissions from novel vapor and tobacco heating products. Am J Dent 2018; 31:227-233. [PMID: 30346667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate in vitro enamel sample discoloration following exposure to a scientific reference cigarette (3R4F) or emissions from next generation tobacco and nicotine products (NGPs) such as electronic cigarettes (EC) and tobacco heating products (THP). METHODS Bovine enamel blocks (6.5 × 6.5 mm) were prepared and pre-incubated with human or artificial saliva, to form a pellicle layer before exposure to either particulate matter (PM) or whole aerosols. PM was prepared by capturing 3R4F cigarette smoke (CS), a commercial THP (THP1.0) or a novel vapor product (NVP)/next generation e-cigarette aerosols on Cambridge filter pads followed by elution with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Ten enamel samples were exposed to each PM for 14 days. For aerosol exposure, 12 enamel samples were exposed (200 puffs per day, for 5 consecutive days) to 3R4F CS or THP1.0 and NVP aerosols. Control samples were incubated with DMSO (PM study) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS, aerosol study). Individual enamel sample color readings (L*, a*, b*) were measured at baseline and on each exposure day. Mean ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔE values were calculated for each product or control. A one-way ANOVA was used to assess the differences between the products and controls. The Tukey procedure for pairwise comparisons was also used. RESULTS At all timepoints, 3R4F PM and CS induced enamel discoloration that was statistically significant (< 0.0001) when compared to THP1.0 or NVP. After 14-day PM exposure, mean ΔE values were 29.4± 3.6, 10.5 ± 2.3, 10.7 ± 2.6 and 12.6 ± 2.0 for 3R4F, THP1.0, NVP and DMSO control respectively. After 5-day CS or aerosol exposure, mean ΔE values were 26.2 ± 3.2, 3.6 ± 1.9, 3.4 ± 1.3, 5.3 ± 0.8 for 3R4F CS, THP1.0, NVP or PBS control, respectively. Both exposure methods demonstrated that THP1.0 and NVP induced minimal staining, mean ΔL* , Δa* , Δb* and ΔE values were comparable to DMSO or PBS controls. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE For the first time, diverse NGPs across the risk continuum were assessed in vitro for their impact on enamel staining. CS exposure significantly increased the level of bovine enamel sample discoloration, whereas THP1.0 or NVP exposure resulted in values comparable to the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Dalrymple
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom,
| | - Thomas C Badrock
- Intertek Clinical Research Services, Hooton, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anya Terry
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter J Hall
- Intertek Clinical Research Services, Hooton, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - David Thorne
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna D Gaca
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Coburn
- British American Tobacco, R&D, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
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Dalrymple A, Ordoñez P, Thorne D, Walker D, Camacho OM, Büttner A, Dillon D, Meredith C. Cigarette smoke induced genotoxicity and respiratory tract pathology: evidence to support reduced exposure time and animal numbers in tobacco product testing. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:324-38. [PMID: 27160659 PMCID: PMC4898166 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2016.1170911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Many laboratories are working to develop in vitro models that will replace in vivo tests, but occasionally there remains a regulatory expectation of some in vivo testing. Historically, cigarettes have been tested in vivo for 90 days. Recently, methods to reduce and refine animal use have been explored. This study investigated the potential of reducing animal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure to 3 or 6 weeks, and the feasibility of separate lung lobes for histopathology or the Comet assay. Rats were exposed to sham air or CS (1 or 2 h) for 3 or 6 weeks. Respiratory tissues were processed for histopathological evaluation, and Alveolar type II cells (AEC II) isolated for the Comet assay. Blood was collected for Pig-a and micronucleus quantification. Histopathological analyses demonstrated exposure effects, which were generally dependent on CS dose (1 or 2 h, 5 days/week). Comet analysis identified that DNA damage increased in AEC II following 3 or 6 weeks CS exposure, and the level at 6 weeks was higher than 3 weeks. Pig-a mutation or micronucleus levels were not increased. In conclusion, this study showed that 3 weeks of CS exposure was sufficient to observe respiratory tract pathology and DNA damage in isolated AEC II. Differences between the 3 and 6 week data imply that DNA damage in the lung is cumulative. Reducing exposure time, plus analyzing separate lung lobes for DNA damage or histopathology, supports a strategy to reduce and refine animal use in tobacco product testing and is aligned to the 3Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Ordoñez
- Vivotecnia Research S.L., Parque Científico de Madrid,
Tres Cantos,
Madrid,
Spain
| | - David Thorne
- British American Tobacco, R&D,
Southampton,
Hampshire,
UK
| | - David Walker
- British American Tobacco, R&D,
Southampton,
Hampshire,
UK
| | | | | | - Debbie Dillon
- British American Tobacco, R&D,
Southampton,
Hampshire,
UK
| | - Clive Meredith
- British American Tobacco, R&D,
Southampton,
Hampshire,
UK
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9
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Thorne D, Dalrymple A, Dillon D, Duke M, Meredith C. A comparative assessment of cigarette smoke aerosols using an in vitro air-liquid interface cytotoxicity test. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:629-40. [PMID: 26339773 PMCID: PMC4732453 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1080773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the evaluation of a modified air-liquid interface BALB/c 3T3 cytotoxicity method for the assessment of smoke aerosols in vitro. The functionality and applicability of this modified protocol was assessed by comparing the cytotoxicity profiles from eight different cigarettes. Three reference cigarettes, 1R5F, 3R4F and CORESTA Monitor 7 were used to put the data into perspective and five bespoke experimental products were manufactured, ensuring a balanced and controlled study. Manufactured cigarettes were matched for key variables such as nicotine delivery, puff number, pressure drop, ventilation, carbon monoxide, nicotine free dry particulate matter and blend, but significantly modified for vapor phase delivery, via the addition of two different types and quantities of adsorptive carbon. Specifically manufacturing products ensures comparisons can be made in a consistent manner and allows the research to ask targeted questions, without confounding product variables. The results demonstrate vapor-phase associated cytotoxic effects and clear differences between the products tested and their cytotoxic profiles. This study has further characterized the in vitro vapor phase biological response relationship and confirmed that the biological response is directly proportional to the amount of available vapor phase toxicants in cigarette smoke, when using a Vitrocell® VC 10 exposure system. This study further supports and strengthens the use of aerosol based exposure options for the appropriate analysis of cigarette smoke induced responses in vitro and may be especially beneficial when comparing aerosols generated from alternative tobacco aerosol products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Thorne
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D,
Southampton, Hampshire,
UK
| | | | - Deborah Dillon
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D,
Southampton, Hampshire,
UK
| | - Martin Duke
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D,
Southampton, Hampshire,
UK
| | - Clive Meredith
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D,
Southampton, Hampshire,
UK
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10
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Dalrymple A, Ordoñez P, Thorne D, Dillon D, Meredith C. An improved method for the isolation of rat alveolar type II lung cells: Use in the Comet assay to determine DNA damage induced by cigarette smoke. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 72:141-9. [PMID: 25846365 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is a cause of serious diseases, including lung cancer, emphysema, chronic bronchitis and heart disease. DNA damage is thought to be one of the mechanisms by which cigarette smoke (CS) initiates disease in the lung. Indeed, CS induced DNA damage can be measured in vitro and in vivo. The potential of the Comet assay to measure DNA damage in isolated rat lung alveolar type II epithelial cells (AEC II) was explored as a means to include a genotoxicity end-point in rodent sub-chronic inhalation studies. In this study, published AEC II isolation methods were improved to yield viable cells suitable for use in the Comet assay. The improved method reduced the level of basal DNA damage and DNA repair in isolated AEC II. CS induced DNA damage could also be quantified in isolated cells following a single or 5 days CS exposure. In conclusion, the Comet assay has the potential to determine CS or other aerosol induced DNA damage in AEC II isolated from rodents used in sub-chronic inhalation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Dalrymple
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK.
| | - Patricia Ordoñez
- Vivotecnia Research S.L., Parque Científico de Madrid, C/Santiago Grisolía, 2 (PTM), 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Thorne
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Debbie Dillon
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Clive Meredith
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK
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11
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Crooks I, Scott K, Dalrymple A, Dillon D, Meredith C. The combination of two novel tobacco blends and filter technologies to reduce the in vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of prototype cigarettes. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 71:507-14. [PMID: 25584437 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke from a combustible cigarette contains more than 6000 constituents; approximately 150 of these are identified as toxicants. Technologies that modify the tobacco blend to reduce toxicant emissions have been developed. These include tobacco sheet substitute to dilute toxicants in smoke and blend treated tobacco to reduce the levels of nitrogenous precursors and some polyphenols. Filter additives to reduce gas (vapour) phase constituents have also been developed. In this study, both tobacco blend and filter technologies were combined into an experimental cigarette and smoked to International Organisation on Standardisation and Health Canada puffing parameters. The resulting particulate matter was subjected to a battery of in vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays - the Ames test, mouse lymphoma assay, the in vitro micronucleus test and the Neutral Red Uptake assay. The results indicate that cigarettes containing toxicant reducing technologies may be developed without observing new additional genotoxic hazards as assessed by the assays specified. In addition, reductions in bacterial mutagenicity and mammalian genotoxicity of the experimental cigarette were observed relative to the control cigarettes. There were no significant differences in cytotoxicity relative to the control cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Crooks
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., GR&D Centre, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO16 8TL, UK.
| | - Ken Scott
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., GR&D Centre, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO16 8TL, UK.
| | - Annette Dalrymple
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., GR&D Centre, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO16 8TL, UK.
| | - Debbie Dillon
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., GR&D Centre, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO16 8TL, UK.
| | - Clive Meredith
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., GR&D Centre, Regents Park Road, Southampton SO16 8TL, UK.
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12
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Thorne D, Kilford J, Hollings M, Dalrymple A, Ballantyne M, Meredith C, Dillon D. The mutagenic assessment of mainstream cigarette smoke using the Ames assay: a multi-strain approach. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2015; 782:9-17. [PMID: 25868126 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA97, TA102 and TA104 were assessed for their suitability and use in conjunction with a Vitrocell(®) VC 10 Smoking Robot and 3R4F reference mainstream cigarette smoke. Little information exists on TA97, TA104, TA1535, TA1537 and TA102 using an aerosol 35mm spread-plate format. In this study, TA1535 and TA1537 were considered sub-optimal for use with a scaled-down format, due to low spontaneous revertant numbers (0-5 revertants/plate). In the context of a regulatory environment, TA97 is deemed an acceptable alternative for TA1537 and was therefore selected for whole smoke exposure in this study. However, there is no acceptable alternative for TA1535, therefore this strain was included for whole smoke exposure. TA1535, TA97, TA102 and TA104 were assessed for mutagenic responses following exposure to cigarette smoke at varying concentrations (using diluting airflow rates of 1.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 12.0L/min), and exposure times of 24 and 64min. A positive mutagenic response to cigarette smoke was observed in strain TA104 at both the 24 and 64min time points, in the presence of S-9, at the highest smoke concentration tested (1.0L/min diluting airflow). The three remaining strains were found to be unresponsive to cigarette smoke at all concentrations tested, in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Cigarette smoke particulate deposition was quantified in situ of exposure using quartz crystal microbalance technology, enabling data to be presented against an associated gravimetric mass (μg/cm(2)). Finally, data obtained in this study were combined with previously published Ames data for TA98, TA100, YG1024, YG1042 and Escherichia coli (WP2 uvrA pKM101), generated using the same 35mm methodology. The combined data-set was used to propose an aerosol testing strategy, based on strain compatibility with the whole smoke aerosol, whilst maintaining the essence of the regulatory guidelines for the standard Ames assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Thorne
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK.
| | - Joanne Kilford
- Covance Laboratories Ltd., Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG3 1PY, UK.
| | - Michael Hollings
- Covance Laboratories Ltd., Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG3 1PY, UK.
| | - Annette Dalrymple
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK.
| | - Mark Ballantyne
- Covance Laboratories Ltd., Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG3 1PY, UK.
| | - Clive Meredith
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK.
| | - Deborah Dillon
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK.
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13
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Adamson J, Thorne D, Errington G, Fields W, Li X, Payne R, Krebs T, Dalrymple A, Fowler K, Dillon D, Xie F, Meredith C. An inter-machine comparison of tobacco smoke particle deposition in vitro from six independent smoke exposure systems. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1320-8. [PMID: 24997294 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There are several whole smoke exposure systems used to assess the biological and toxicological impact of tobacco smoke in vitro. One such system is the Vitrocell® VC 10 Smoking Robot and exposure module. Using quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) installed into the module, we were able to assess tobacco smoke particle deposition in real-time. We compared regional deposition across the module positions and doses delivered by six VC 10s in four independent laboratories: two in the UK, one in Germany and one in China. Gauge R&r analysis was applied to the total data package from the six VC 10s. As a percentage of the total, reproducibility (between all six VC 10s) and repeatability (error within an individual VC 10) accounted for 0.3% and 7.4% respectively. Thus Gauge R&r was 7.7%, less than 10% overall and considered statistically fit for purpose. The dose-responses obtained from the six machines across the four different locations demonstrated excellent agreement. There were little to no positional differences across the module at all airflows as determined by ANOVA (except for one machine and at three airflows only). These results support the on-going characterisation of the VC 10 exposure system and suitability for tobacco smoke exposure in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adamson
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK.
| | - D Thorne
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK.
| | - G Errington
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK.
| | - W Fields
- R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., P.O. Box 1487, Winston-Salem, NC 27102, USA.
| | - X Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, No.2 Fengyang Street, High-Tech Zone, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - R Payne
- Covance Laboratories Ltd., Otley Road, Harrogate HG3 1PY, UK.
| | - T Krebs
- Vitrocell® Systems GmbH, Fabrik Sonntag 3, 79183 Waldkirch, Germany.
| | - A Dalrymple
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK.
| | - K Fowler
- R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., P.O. Box 1487, Winston-Salem, NC 27102, USA.
| | - D Dillon
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK.
| | - F Xie
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, No.2 Fengyang Street, High-Tech Zone, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - C Meredith
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK.
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14
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Kilford J, Thorne D, Payne R, Dalrymple A, Clements J, Meredith C, Dillon D. A method for assessment of the genotoxicity of mainstream cigarette-smoke by use of the bacterial reverse-mutation assay and an aerosol-based exposure system. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2014; 769:20-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Thorne D, Kilford J, Payne R, Haswell L, Dalrymple A, Meredith C, Dillon D. Development of a BALB/c 3T3 neutral red uptake cytotoxicity test using a mainstream cigarette smoke exposure system. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:367. [PMID: 24935030 PMCID: PMC4067082 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke toxicity has traditionally been assessed using the particulate fraction under submerged culture conditions which omits the vapour phase elements from any subsequent analysis. Therefore, methodologies that assess the full interactions and complexities of tobacco smoke are required. Here we describe the adaption of a modified BALB/c 3T3 neutral red uptake (NRU) cytotoxicity test methodology, which is based on the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) protocol for in vitro acute toxicity testing. The methodology described takes into account the synergies of both the particulate and vapour phase of tobacco smoke. This is of particular importance as both phases have been independently shown to induce in vitro cellular cytotoxicity. FINDINGS The findings from this study indicate that mainstream tobacco smoke and the gas vapour phase (GVP), generated using the Vitrocell® VC 10 smoke exposure system, have distinct and significantly different toxicity profiles. Within the system tested, mainstream tobacco smoke produced a dilution IC50 (dilution (L/min) at which 50% cytotoxicity is observed) of 6.02 L/min, whereas the GVP produced a dilution IC50 of 3.20 L/min. In addition, we also demonstrated significant dose-for-dose differences between mainstream cigarette smoke and the GVP fraction (P < 0.05). This demonstrates the importance of testing the entire tobacco smoke aerosol and not just the particulate fraction, as has been the historical preference. CONCLUSIONS We have adapted the NRU methodology based on the ICCVAM protocol to capture the full interactions and complexities of tobacco smoke. This methodology could also be used to assess the performance of traditional cigarettes, blend and filter technologies, tobacco smoke fractions and individual test aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Thorne
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Joanne Kilford
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG3 1PY, UK
| | - Rebecca Payne
- Covance Laboratories Ltd, Otley Road, Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG3 1PY, UK
| | - Linsey Haswell
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Annette Dalrymple
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Clive Meredith
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Deborah Dillon
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK
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16
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Thorne D, Kilford J, Payne R, Adamson J, Scott K, Dalrymple A, Meredith C, Dillon D. Characterisation of a Vitrocell® VC 10 in vitro smoke exposure system using dose tools and biological analysis. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:146. [PMID: 24004496 PMCID: PMC3844484 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of whole smoke exposure systems have been driven by the fact that traditional smoke exposure techniques are based on the particulate phase of tobacco smoke and not the complete smoke aerosol. To overcome these challenges in this study, we used a Vitrocell® VC 10 whole smoke exposure system. For characterisation purposes, we determined smoke deposition in relationship to airflow (L/min), regional smoke deposition within the linear exposure module, vapour phase dilution using a known smoke marker (carbon monoxide) and finally assessed biological responses using two independent biological systems, the Ames and Neutral Red uptake (NRU) assay. Results Smoke dilution correlates with particulate deposition (R2 = 0.97) and CO concentration (R2 = 0.98). Regional deposition analysis within the linear exposure chamber showed no statistical difference in deposited mass across the chamber at any airflows tested. Biological analysis showed consistent responses and positive correlations with deposited mass for both the Ames (R2 = 0.76) and NRU (R2 = 0.84) assays. Conclusions We conclude that in our study, under the experimental conditions tested, the VC 10 can produce stable tobacco smoke dilutions, as demonstrated by particulate deposition, measured vapour phase smoke marker delivery and biological responses from two independent in vitro test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Thorne
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK.
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17
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Adamson J, Thorne D, Dalrymple A, Dillon D, Meredith C. Assessment of cigarette smoke particle deposition within the Vitrocell® exposure module using quartz crystal microbalances. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:50. [PMID: 23497606 PMCID: PMC3635897 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a cause of a variety of serious diseases, and to understand the toxicological impact of tobacco smoke in vitro, whole smoke exposure systems can be used. One of the main challenges of the different whole smoke exposure systems that are commercially available is that they dilute and deliver smoke in different ways, limiting/restricting the cross-comparison of biological responses. This is where dosimetry - dose quantification - can play a key role in data comparison. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technology has been put forward as one such tool to quantify smoke particle deposition in vitro, in real-time. RESULTS Using four identical QCMs, installed into the Vitrocell® mammalian 6/4 CF Stainless exposure module, we were able to quantify deposited smoke particle deposition, generated and diluted by a Vitrocell® VC 10 Smoking Robot. At diluting airflows 0.5-4.0 L/min and vacuum flow rate 5 ml/min/well through the exposure module, mean particle deposition was in the range 8.65 ± 1.51 μg/cm(2)-0.72 ± 0.13 μg/cm(2). Additionally, the effect of varying vacuum flow rate on particle deposition was assessed from 5 ml/min/well - 100 ml/min/well. Mean deposited mass for all four airflows tested per vacuum decreased as vacuum rate was increased: mean deposition was 3.79, 2.75, 1.56 and 1.09 μg/cm(2) at vacuum rates of 5, 10, 50 and 100 ml/min/well respectively. CONCLUSIONS QCMs within the Vitrocell® exposure module have demonstrated applicability at defining particle dose ranges at various experimental conditions. This tool will prove useful for users of the Vitrocell® system for dose-response determination and QC purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Adamson
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - David Thorne
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | | | - Debbie Dillon
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Clive Meredith
- British American Tobacco, Group R&D, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
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18
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Sun J, Wong B, Cundall M, Goncharova S, Conway M, Dalrymple A, Coyle AJ, Waserman S, Jordana M. Immunoreactivity profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:901-8. [PMID: 17517104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal rhinitis is manifested by a series of nasal symptoms in response to exposure to seasonal allergens including ragweed pollen. Understanding its immunological mechanisms may help to better manage the disease. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine comprehensively ragweed-induced cytokine and chemokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal individuals and patients with seasonal rhinitis sensitized to ragweed pollen, and to assess its regulation by exogenous IL-10. METHODS Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of a purified ragweed pollen extract with or without exogenous IL-10. Cytokines and chemokines were measured in the supernatant. Gene expression was evaluated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS Ragweed stimulation significantly increased the production of the Th2-associated cytokines IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, the chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 and the regulatory cytokine IL-10 in allergic patients, whereas transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) production was increased only in normal individuals. No difference was detected between groups in the production of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma or the Th1-affiliated chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11. Exogenous IL-10 significantly suppressed spontaneous and induced production of both Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines and chemokines. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrated that locally manifested allergic rhinitis is underlined by a systemic Th2 immune response specific to allergens. The molecular pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis may be linked to a compromised allergen-specific immune regulation, e.g., reduced spontaneous and allergen-induced TGF-beta production in patients compared with healthy controls. Our data also show that IL-10 inhibits both the effector and directional mechanisms of allergen-specific immune response, further supporting its potential therapeutic benefit in preventing and treating allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sun
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Centre for Gene Therapeutics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Dalrymple A, Wild EJ, Joubert R, Sathasivam K, Björkqvist M, Petersén A, Jackson GS, Isaacs JD, Kristiansen M, Bates GP, Leavitt BR, Keir G, Ward M, Tabrizi SJ. Proteomic Profiling of Plasma in Huntington's Disease Reveals Neuroinflammatory Activation and Biomarker Candidates. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:2833-40. [PMID: 17552550 DOI: 10.1021/pr0700753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) causes widespread CNS changes and systemic abnormalities including endocrine and immune dysfunction. HD biomarkers are needed to power clinical trials of potential treatments. We used multiplatform proteomic profiling to reveal plasma changes with HD progression. Proteins of interest were evaluated using immunoblotting and ELISA in plasma from 2 populations, CSF and R6/2 mice. The identified proteins demonstrate neuroinflammation in HD and warrant further investigation as possible biomarkers.
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20
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Dalrymple A, Mahn K, Poston L, Songu-Mize E, Tribe RM. Mechanical stretch regulates TRPC expression and calcium entry in human myometrial smooth muscle cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2007; 13:171-9. [PMID: 17208928 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gal110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretch is known to stimulate myometrial hyperplasia and hypertrophy in early pregnancy and uterine contraction at term. We propose that transduction of the stretch signal involves alteration of intracellular calcium signalling, including changes in transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) isoform expression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of prolonged mechanical (tonic) stretch in vitro on human myometrial smooth muscle cell calcium signalling and TRPC expression. Cells were cultured from myometrial biopsies, obtained from women undergoing elective Caesarean section at term, grown on Flexiplates and subjected to 25% tonic mechanical stretch for 1, 4 and 14 h. Time-matched control cells were not stretched. Mechanical stretch (14 h) increased basal calcium entry and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)-induced calcium/Mn(2+) entry (P < 0.05) in Fura-2 loaded cells. The calcium selectivity of CPA-thapsigarin induced inward currents, measured by patch clamp electrophysiology, was also increased in stretched cells compared with control cells (P < 0.05). Real time PCR and Western blot data demonstrated that TRPC3 and TRPC4 mRNA and TRPC3 protein expression were increased by stretch (P < 0.05), respectively. These data support the hypothesis that uterine stretch modulates uterine growth and contractility in pregnancy via alterations in calcium signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dalrymple
- Maternal and Fetal Research Unit, Division of Reproduction and Endocrinology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK
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Dalrymple A, Slater DM, Poston L, Tribe RM. Physiological induction of transient receptor potential canonical proteins, calcium entry channels, in human myometrium: influence of pregnancy, labor, and interleukin-1 beta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:1291-300. [PMID: 15001625 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-031428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated gestational regulation of transient receptor potential canonical (TrpC) proteins, putative calcium entry channels in human myometrium, and the potential modulation of TrpC expression by IL-1 beta, a cytokine implicated in labor. Total RNA and proteins were isolated from myometrial biopsies obtained from NP women, pregnant women at term not in labor (TNL), or term active labor (TAL) and from primary cultured human myometrial smooth muscle cells incubated with IL-1 beta or IL-1 beta with or without nimesulide. Semiquantitative RT-PCR demonstrated significant up-regulation of TrpC1 in TAL and TNL (P < or = 0.01) and TrpC6 (P < or = 0.01) and TrpC7 (P < or = 0.05) in TAL samples. TrpC3 and TrpC4 mRNA expression was unaffected. Western blot demonstrated significant up-regulation of TrpC1 in TAL and TNL (P < or = 0.05) and TrpC3 (P < or = 0.01), TrpC4 (P < or = 0.05), and TrpC6 (P < or = 0.01) in TAL samples. IL-1 beta did not alter TrpC1, 3, 4, 6, or 7 mRNA expression; but IL-1 beta exclusively up-regulated TrpC3 protein expression (P < or = 0.05). TrpC3 up-regulation was unaffected by cyclooxygenase blockade. These data demonstrate physiological regulation of TrpC mRNA and protein and suggest an important role for TrpC proteins in human myometrium during labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dalrymple
- Parturition Research Group, Maternal and Fetal Research Unit, Department of Women's Health, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Tribe RM, Moriarty P, Dalrymple A, Hassoni AA, Poston L. Interleukin-1beta induces calcium transients and enhances basal and store operated calcium entry in human myometrial smooth muscle. Biol Reprod 2003; 68:1842-9. [PMID: 12606352 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.011403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported increased protein expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) 2b in myometrium from women in labor at term, but the stimulus for this change is unknown. Proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the cascade of events leading to preterm and term labor, and we hypothesize that interleukin (IL)-1beta may induce changes in key calcium homeostatic mechanisms and, in turn, augment myometrial contractility before labor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of IL-1beta on SERCA 2b protein expression, calcium mobilization from intracellular stores, and store-operated calcium entry. Myometrial biopsies were obtained, with consent, from women undergoing elective cesarean section at term. Primary-cultured human myometrial smooth muscle (HMSM) cells were exposed to IL-1beta (10 ng/ml) for 24 h or to culture medium alone (control). Cells were subsequently used in Western blot studies or loaded with fura-2 to assess calcium dynamics using fluorescent digital imaging. The present study clearly demonstrated that IL-1beta significantly increased SERCA 2b protein expression in HMSM cells. Cyclopiazonic acid-induced calcium transients were also augmented, predominantly by activation of lanthanum-sensitive, store-operated calcium entry. HMSM cell excitability was enhanced, as evidenced by increased basal calcium entry and the initiation of spontaneous calcium transients in 37% of IL-1beta-treated cells. IL-1beta modulation of calcium mobilization may be an important mechanism in the cascade of events preparing the pregnant uterus for labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Tribe
- Parturition Research, Maternal and Fetal Research Unit, Department of Women's Health, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, United Kingdom.
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Wong B, Cates E, Conway M, Dalrymple A, Goncharova S, Stampfli M, Sun J, Waserman S, Jordana M. IL-10 inhibits allergen-specific Th2 chemokine production but not chemokine receptor expression by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in ragweed allergic subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)81023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dalrymple A, Slater DM, Beech D, Poston L, Tribe RM. Molecular identification and localization of Trp homologues, putative calcium channels, in pregnant human uterus. Mol Hum Reprod 2002; 8:946-51. [PMID: 12356946 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/8.10.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the switch from uterine quiescence to contractile activity in labour are not clearly understood. Increasing evidence suggests that pathways of myometrial calcium homeostasis, including store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), may play an important role. The molecular basis of the membrane-associated calcium channels contributing to SOCE in pregnant human myometrium is not known, but they are likely to be hetero- or homo-oligomeric assemblies of transient receptor potential channel (TrpC) proteins, encoded by the mammalian homologues of Drosophila Trp genes. This study has therefore determined Trp gene expression and also TrpC protein expression and localization in term pregnant human myometrial tissue and primary cultured human myometrial smooth muscle (HMSM) cells. RT-PCR amplified fragments of Trp1, Trp3, Trp4, Trp6 and Trp7. PCR products were 100% homologous to published human sequences. Western blot analysis detected TrpC1, TrpC3, TrpC4 and TrpC6 proteins, which were of expected size. Immunolocalization revealed TrpC1, TrpC3, TrpC4 and TrpC6 protein expression in myometrial tissue and HMSM cells. TrpC protein immunostaining in HMSM cells was distributed in a distinct reticular fashion. TrpC proteins may be candidate proteins forming SOCE channels in term pregnant human myometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dalrymple
- Parturition Research Group, Maternal and Fetal Research Unit, Department of Women's Health, 10th Floor North Wing, Guy's School of Medicine, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Sun J, Goncharova S, Conway M, Dalrymple A, Cates EC, Stampfli MR, Wong B, Waserman S, Jordana M. IL-10 inhibits allergen-specific TH2 cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with ragweed allergies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(02)81290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dalrymple A, Edery M, Jabbour HN. Sequence and functional characterisation of the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) prolactin receptor: comparative homology with the human long-form prolactin receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2000; 167:89-97. [PMID: 11000523 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(00)00285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the cloning and in-vitro characterisation of the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) prolactin receptor cDNA. The marmoset prolactin receptor cDNA was generated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using adrenal RNA and primers designed from prolactin receptor conserved regions. Sequence analysis predicts a mature protein of 598 amino acids exclusive of the 24 amino acid signal peptide. The marmoset prolactin receptor cDNA shares 93 and 61% base pair, and 89 and 61% amino acid sequence homologies with the long form human and rat prolactin receptor cDNA, respectively. The marmoset prolactin receptor cDNA sequence retains all the receptor sequences that have been shown previously to be essential for ligand binding, structural integrity and signal transduction. Transfection of human 293 fibroblast cells with the marmoset prolactin receptor cDNA (three independent experiments) confirmed the expression of a receptor that has high binding affinity to human growth hormone (K(a)=3.6+/-0.07 nM(-1) and B(max)=7.55+/-2.06x10(-11) M) and human prolactin (K(a)=3.1+/-0.12 nM(-1) and B(max)=2.87+/-0.66x10(-11) M). Functionality of the receptor was assessed by co-transfection of 293 fibroblast cells with marmoset prolactin receptor cDNA and the Jak2 cDNA, or marmoset prolactin receptor and a Stat5 responsive element linked to the luciferase coding sequence. Incubation of the cells with 18 nM ovine prolactin resulted in rapid phosphorylation of Jak2 as ascertained by Western blotting. In addition, the marmoset prolactin receptor cDNA led to 9.06+/-0.47-fold induction of luciferase gene activity. This was comparable with the induction observed following transfection with the human prolactin receptor cDNA (8.55+/-0. 5-fold). In-vivo prolactin receptor expression in the marmoset monkey was assessed by ribonuclease protection assay and detected in a number of tissues including female reproductive organs. These data confirm the cloning and functionality of the marmoset prolactin receptor cDNA. The marmoset prolactin receptor shares a high sequence homology with the long-form human prolactin receptor, and both receptors bind hormones with comparable affinity and confer a similar intracellular response. The marmoset monkey may provide a useful tool to investigate the role of prolactin in primate reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dalrymple
- Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, 37 Chalmers Street, EH3 9ET, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
This study investigated the expression and signaling pathway of PRL and its receptor in the non-pregnant uterus of the common marmoset monkey. Immunohistochemistry localized PRL expression to the stromal compartment of the endometrium. Expression was minimal during the proliferative phase and was up-regulated during the mid to late secretory phase of the ovulatory cycle. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry localized expression of the PRL receptor to the glandular epithelium of the endometrium. Similar to that of PRL, PRL receptor expression was minimal during the proliferative phase and was dramatically up-regulated during the secretory phase. The temporal pattern of PRL receptor gene expression in the marmoset uterus across the cycle was further confirmed by ribonuclease protection assay. The roles of Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) in the intracellular signaling pathway of PRL were also assessed in the mid to late secretory phase. JAK2/STAT1 proteins were localized in the glandular epithelial compartment, and both proteins were temporally phosphorylated in response to PRL. Finally, the pattern of expression of the interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) gene and the effect of PRL on transcription of IRF-1 were investigated during the mid to late secretory phase. IRF-1 expression in the marmoset uterus was encoded by a protein of 48 kDa and was localized to the glandular epithelial compartment, as was observed for the PRL receptor and JAK2/STAT1 proteins. Moreover, incubation of mid to late secretory uterine tissue with PRL for 1 and 3 h resulted in 0.4 +/- 0.2- and 2.4 +/-0.5-fold (P < 0.05) inductions of the IRF-1 gene, respectively. These studies confirm the expression of both PRL and its receptor in the uterus of the marmoset monkey. Expression of both genes is up-regulated during the mid to late secretory phase of the ovulatory cycle. PRL function in the marmoset uterus is linked to the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, leading to the regulation of expression of PRL-responsive genes such as IRF-1. The site of expression of PRL, PRL receptors, and IRF-1 in the marmoset uterus suggest that PRL may influence glandular epithelial function and direct gene transcription in these cells in a paracrine fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dalrymple
- Medical Research Council Reproductive Biology Unit, Center for Reproductive Biology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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