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Himanen M, Gunst A. Sexual Compliance in Finnish Committed Relationships: Sexual Self-Control, Relationship Power, and Experienced Consequences. J Sex Res 2024; 61:515-527. [PMID: 37603708 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2246965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
We studied sexual compliance (i.e., consensual engagement in partnered sexual activity despite lack of sexual desire) in committed relationships using a large Finnish sample. First, we tested if previous theories on sexual self-control and partner sexual relationship power could be extended to a Finnish setting. As little is known about the personal and relational consequences of compliance, we also explored the experienced consequences and their association with the aforementioned aspects. The convenience survey sample (n = 1,496) included individuals who were or had recently been in committed intimate relationships. As 93% of the participants were women, our analyses focused on these (64.3% heterosexual, 24.5% bisexual, 11.3% other). Sixty-five percent of women reported having complied at least once in their current or most recent relationship. Women with lower sexual self-control and higher partner sexual relationship power reported more compliance, corroborating previous research. Lower age was uniquely associated with more compliance, whereas the association between more compliance and lower education diminished when including sexual self-control and partner sexual relationship power in the regression model. Experienced consequences of compliance varied greatly among women. However, roughly two-fifths reported only negative consequences for their well-being and relationships. Fewer approach motives, more avoidance motives, lower sexual self-control, and higher partner relationship control were associated with experiencing fewer positive consequences. Our results corroborate previous studies conducted in North America, suggesting that sexual compliance is common among women in committed relationships. We suggest careful consideration in instances of compliance, considering possible negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Gunst
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University
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2
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Antfolk J, Marklund E, Nylund I, Gunst A. No Signs of Inclusive Fitness or Reciprocal Altruism in Advantageous Inequity Aversion. Evol Psychol 2023; 21:14747049231173401. [PMID: 37198896 PMCID: PMC10303545 DOI: 10.1177/14747049231173401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advantageous inequity aversion (i.e., the tendency to respond negatively to unfairness that benefits oneself) usually develops in 6-8-year-olds. However, little is known about the selection pressures that might have shaped this phenomenon. Using data collected from 120 4-8-year-old Finnish children, we tested two evolutionary explanations for the development of advantageous inequity aversion: reciprocal altruism (i.e., benefiting from sharing when the roles are likely reversed in the future) and inclusive fitness (i.e., benefiting from sharing with biological relatives that carry the same alleles). We first successfully replicated a previous experiment, showing that 6-8-year-olds display advantageous inequity aversion by preferring to throw away a resource rather than keep it for themselves. Here, this behavior was also displayed in 5-year-olds. Using a novel experiment, we then asked children to distribute five erasers between themselves, a sibling, a peer, and a stranger. That is, an equal distribution was only possible if throwing away one eraser. We found no support for advantageous inequity aversion being shaped by either inclusive fitness or reciprocal altruism. Future studies could investigate costly signaling and adherence to social norms to avoid negative consequences as ultimate explanations for advantageous inequity aversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Antfolk
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi
University, Turku, Finland
| | - Emmie Marklund
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi
University, Turku, Finland
| | - Irene Nylund
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi
University, Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Gunst
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi
University, Turku, Finland
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3
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Källström M, Nousiainen N, Jern P, Nickull S, Gunst A. Mental health among sexual and gender minorities: A Finnish population-based study of anxiety and depression discrepancies between individuals of diverse sexual orientations and gender minorities and the majority population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276550. [PMID: 36331970 PMCID: PMC9635740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial empirical evidence suggests that individuals who belong to sexual and gender minorities experience more anxiety and depression than heterosexual and cisgender people. Many previous studies have not, however, used population-based samples. There is also a shortage of evidence about certain sexual and gender minorities (e.g., nonbinary individuals). We examined differences in levels of anxiety and depression within sexual and gender minorities, as well as compared to the heterosexual and cisgender majority in a population-based Finnish sample (N = 8,589). We also explored if individuals who belong to both a gender and a sexual minority (double minority) reported higher rates of anxiety and depression than individuals who hold either a gender or a sexual minority status (single minority). Individuals who belonged to either a sexual or a gender minority overall experienced significantly higher rates of anxiety and depression than cisgender and heterosexual individuals. Among the different sexual and gender minorities, bisexual, emerging identity, and nonbinary individuals reported the highest rates of anxiety and depression. We found no differences in anxiety and depression between single minority and double minority individuals. Our results suggest that even though Finland is a country with an inclusive social climate, sexual and gender minorities are, nevertheless, disproportionately affected by mental health issues. The present study gives further support to the claim that individuals holding a sexual or gender minority status experience higher levels of depression and anxiety compared to cisgender and heterosexual individuals and pinpoints the need to acknowledge these issues both in the context of health care and in the society at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Källström
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicole Nousiainen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Patrick Jern
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sabina Nickull
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Gunst
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Gunst A. Response to "Is Basson's Model of Sexual Response Relevant? A Commentary" by Dr. Balon. J Sex Marital Ther 2021; 48:10-12. [PMID: 34772326 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1912868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gunst
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Gunst A, Sjöström E, Sundén M, Antfolk J. The Mother-Offspring Conflict: The Association Between Maternal Sleep, Postpartum Depression, and Interbirth Interval Length. Evol Psychol 2021; 19:14747049211046162. [PMID: 34636661 PMCID: PMC10358409 DOI: 10.1177/14747049211046162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that infant night waking is an adaptation to increase interbirth intervals (IBIs) (i.e., the time between a mother's consecutive births) by exhausting the mother, we made an initial attempt at investigating whether maternal sleep disturbance is associated with longer IBIs. We also explored whether postpartum depression symptoms mediated the association between maternal sleep disturbance and IBI length. We used retrospective self-reports from 729 mothers living in Finland. We conducted structural regressions separately for the mother's two first children at two different age intervals (0-1 and 1-3 years). Infant night waking was associated with maternal sleep disturbance (β = .78-.84) and maternal sleep disturbance was associated with postpartum depression symptoms (β = .69-.81). Postpartum depression symptoms were also associated with longer IBIs for the first child (β = .23-.28). This result supports the notion that postpartum depression in and of itself could be viewed as adaptive for the offspring's fitness, and not just as an unintentional byproduct of the mother's sleep disturbance. Contrary to our prediction, maternal sleep disturbance was, however, associated with shorter IBIs for the first child (β = -.22 to -.30) when including postpartum depression symptoms in the model. We discuss the potential role of social support as an explanation for this unexpected result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gunst
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Elin Sjöström
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - My Sundén
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jan Antfolk
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Gunst A, Sundén M, Korja R, Boddy AM, Kotler J, Paavonen EJ, Uusitupa HM, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Antfolk J. Postpartum depression and mother-offspring conflict over maternal investment. Evol Med Public Health 2021; 9:11-23. [PMID: 33664956 PMCID: PMC7910802 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES As the mother-offspring relationship is central to human reproduction, postpartum depression symptoms are difficult to explain in evolutionary terms. We proposed that postpartum depression might arise as a result of evolutionary mother-offspring conflict over maternal investment, and investigated the association between postpartum depression symptoms, infant night waking, maternal sleep disturbance and breastfeeding frequency. METHODOLOGY We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using survey responses at 6 months postpartum from 1598 Finnish mothers. We hypothesized that infant night waking at 6 months postpartum would be associated with postpartum depression symptoms, and that this association would be mediated by maternal sleep disturbance and a higher breastfeeding frequency. RESULTS Infant night waking was moderately associated with postpartum depression symptoms, and this association was mediated by maternal sleep disturbance (R 2=0.09). Contrary to our prediction, we found that increased breastfeeding was associated with less postpartum depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We conclude that postpartum depression symptoms might partly be the result of increased maternal fatigue stemming from high offspring demands on maternal investment, but that this is not due to the metabolic strain from increased breastfeeding. Studying postpartum depression from the mother-offspring conflict perspective can potentially improve our understanding of the involved behavioral processes of both mother and offspring, and allow interventions designed to benefit the well-being of both parties. Lay Summary: We proposed that postpartum depression is due to an evolutionary conflict between mother and infant, where the infant tires the mother to delay the arrival of a sibling. We found a link between infant night waking and postpartum depression, mediated by the mother's sleep, but not by breastfeeding frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gunst
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Tehtaankatu 2, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - My Sundén
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Tehtaankatu 2, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, Turku 20014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Amy M Boddy
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 3210, USA
| | - Jennifer Kotler
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - E Juulia Paavonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Henna-Maria Uusitupa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, Turku 20014, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, Turku 20014, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Jan Antfolk
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Tehtaankatu 2, Turku 20500, Finland
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Ventus D, Gunst A, Arver S, Dhejne C, Öberg KG, Zamore-Söderström E, Kärnä A, Jern P. Vibrator-Assisted Start-Stop Exercises Improve Premature Ejaculation Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Sex Behav 2020; 49:1559-1573. [PMID: 31741252 PMCID: PMC7300103 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is associated with decreased quality of life, lower confidence and self-esteem, and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and interpersonal difficulties. Here we investigated the effectiveness of vibrator-assisted start-stop exercises for treatment of PE, and whether the treatment effect could be enhanced by an additional psychobehavioral intervention. Fifty participants with a mean age of 41.7 years were included and randomized into two treatment groups and a waiting list control group. Participants were instructed to perform start-stop exercises while stimulating the penis with a purpose-made vibrator, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Additionally, participants in one of the treatment groups received additional psychoeducation and performed mindfulness meditation-based body scan exercises three times a week. Data were gathered through online questionnaires before and after treatment, as well as 3 and 6 months after treatment. The interventions reduced PE symptoms with large effect sizes (partial η2 = .20 across the three groups, d [95% CI] = 1.05 [.27, 1.82] and 1.07 [.32, 1.82] for treatment groups compared to waiting list control group). The additional psychobehavioral intervention did not further reduce PE symptoms, but did decrease PE-associated negative symptoms such as levels of sexual distress, anxiety, and depression. No side effects were reported. Vibrator-assisted start-stop exercises can be offered as an adequate treatment option for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ventus
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Fabriksgatan 2, 20500, Turku, Finland.
- Anova, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Annika Gunst
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Anova, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Arver
- Anova, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Dhejne
- Anova, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina G Öberg
- Anova, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Patrick Jern
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Fabriksgatan 2, 20500, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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8
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Walldén C, Westerlund M, Gunst A, Santtila P, Antfolk J. Finding the Mating Gear: The Development and Validation of a Mate Access Scale. Evol Psychol 2020; 18:1474704920935583. [PMID: 32633132 PMCID: PMC10303490 DOI: 10.1177/1474704920935583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in finding mates may have broad consequences for well-being. Previous studies often assume that only personal characteristics or competition limits mating success without considering the impact of the social context. We developed and evaluated a questionnaire for measuring context-dependent mate access by surveying 528 Finnish adults. We found support for our hypothesized two-factor structure divided into preferred encounters (i.e., the amount of interactions the individual has with potential mates) and perceived possibilities (i.e., the individual's perception of their mating opportunities). We also investigated the relationship between these factors and respondents' social context, negative affect regarding poor mate access, mate value, and sociosexual desire. Individuals in more sociable contexts reported higher mate access, and individuals with less perceived possibilities reported more negative affect. Theoretical associations with mate value and sociosexual desire were supported. The current scale can be used along existing measures to study human mating and its psycho-behavioral correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Gunst
- Åbo Akademi University, Turku,
Finland
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9
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Gunst A, Ventus D, Arver S, Dhejne C, Görts-Öberg K, Zamore-Söderström E, Jern P. A Randomized, Waiting-List-Controlled Study Shows That Brief, Mindfulness-Based Psychological Interventions Are Effective for Treatment of Women's Low Sexual Desire. J Sex Res 2019; 56:913-929. [PMID: 30485123 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1539463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated two treatment conditions for low sexual desire in women: one where participants were administered a mindfulness-based treatment protocol and another with exercises focusing on scheduled sex and motivations for sex in addition to the aforementioned protocol. Seventy women (Mage 39.2, SD = 9.8) with complaints of low sexual desire were randomly allocated to one of these treatment conditions or a waiting-list condition. Participants attended four individual sessions and completed homework exercises. Questionnaire data were collected before and after treatment and at follow-ups three and six months later. Primary outcomes were the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) desire subdomain and the Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory-Female (SIDI-F). Secondary outcomes were the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R), the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS), the Perceived Relationship Quality Components Inventory (PRQC), and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). Women in both treatment conditions reported significantly higher sexual desire (FSFI desire d = 0.75 to 1.06) immediately following treatment, compared to the waiting list. Improvements were sustained at follow-up, accompanied by improvements in some secondary outcomes. We found no significant differences between the treatment conditions in terms of treatment effectiveness. Our study adds to the literature suggesting that mindfulness-based treatments are suitable options for treating low sexual desire in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefan Arver
- ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital; and Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute
| | - Cecilia Dhejne
- ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital; and Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute
| | - Katarina Görts-Öberg
- ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital; and Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute
| | | | - Patrick Jern
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University
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10
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Gunst A, Werner M, Waldorp LJ, Laan ETM, Källström M, Jern P. A network analysis of female sexual function: comparing symptom networks in women with decreased, increased, and stable sexual desire. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15815. [PMID: 30361518 PMCID: PMC6202312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Problems related to low sexual desire in women are common clinical complaints, and the aetiology is poorly understood. We investigated predictors of change in levels of sexual desire using a novel network approach, which assumes that mental disorders arise from direct interactions between symptoms. Using population-based data from 1,449 Finnish women, we compared between-subject networks of women whose sexual desire decreased, increased, or remained stable over time. Networks were estimated and analyzed at T1 (2006) and replicated at T2 (2013) using R. Domains included were, among others, sexual functions, sexual distress, anxiety, depression, body dissatisfaction, and relationship status. Overall, networks were fairly similar across groups. Sexual arousal, satisfaction, and relationship status were the most central variables, implying that they might play prominent roles in female sexual function; sexual distress mediated between general distress and sexual function; and sexual desire and arousal showed different patterns of relationships, suggesting that they represent unique sexual function aspects. Potential group-differences suggested that sex-related pain and body dissatisfaction might play roles in precipitating decreases of sexual desire. The general network structure and similarities between groups replicated well; however, the potential group-differences did not replicate. Our study sets the stage for future clinical and longitudinal network modelling of female sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gunst
- University of Turku, Department of Psychology, Turku, 20014, Finland.
| | - Marlene Werner
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, 1018, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, 1105, The Netherlands
| | - Lourens J Waldorp
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, 1018, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen T M Laan
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, 1105, The Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick Jern
- Åbo Akademi University, Department of Psychology, Turku, 20500, Finland
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Colodro-Conde L, Cross SM, Lind PA, Painter JN, Gunst A, Jern P, Johansson A, Lund Maegbaek M, Munk-Olsen T, Nyholt DR, Ordoñana JR, Paternoster L, Sánchez-Romera JF, Wright MJ, Medland SE. Cohort Profile: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy genetics consortium (NVP Genetics Consortium). Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:e17. [PMID: 26921609 PMCID: PMC5837614 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Colodro-Conde
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Simone M Cross
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jodie N Painter
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Annika Gunst
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Patrick Jern
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi, University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ada Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi, University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Trine Munk-Olsen
- National Center for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus Denmark
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Juan R Ordoñana
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Juan F Sánchez-Romera
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain and
| | - Margaret J Wright
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Gunst A, Werner M, Waldorp L, Laan E, Källström M, Jern P. 009 Comparing symptom networks of women with reduced, increased, and stable sexual desire. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jern P, Kärnä A, Hujanen J, Erlin T, Gunst A, Rautaheimo H, Öhman E, Roberts SC, Zietsch BP. A high-powered replication study finds no effect of starting or stopping hormonal contraceptive use on relationship quality. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Gunst A, Ventus D, Arver S, Dhejne C, Görts-Öberg K, Zamore-Söderström E, Jern P. 015 A randomized, wait list-controlled trial suggests that two psychobehavioral interventions are effective for women’s hypoactive sexual desire. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Ventus D, Gunst A, Arver S, Dhejne C, Görts Öberg K, Zamore-Söderström E, Jern P. 521 Vibrator-assisted start-stop exercises in conjunction with body awareness training improve premature ejaculation symptoms: a randomized waiting list controlled study. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Jern P, Hakala O, Kärnä A, Gunst A. A Longitudinal Assessment of Associations Between Women's Tendency to Pretend Orgasm, Orgasm Function, and Intercourse-Related Pain in Different Partner Relationship Constellations. Arch Sex Behav 2018; 47:671-679. [PMID: 29209890 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-1117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate how women's tendency to pretend orgasm during intercourse is associated with orgasm function and intercourse-related pain, using a longitudinal design where temporal stability and possible causal relationships could be modeled. The study sample consisted of 1421 Finnish women who had participated in large-scale population-based data collections conducted at two time points 7 years apart. Pretending orgasm was assessed for the past 4 weeks, and orgasm function and pain were assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index for the past 4 weeks. Associations were also computed separately in three groups of women based on relationship status. Pretending orgasm was considerably variable over time, with 34% of the women having pretended orgasm a few times or more at least at one time point, and 11% having done so at both time points. Initial bivariate correlations revealed associations between pretending orgasm and orgasm problems within and across time, whereas associations with pain were more ambiguous. However, we found no support in the path model for the leading hypotheses that pretending orgasms would predict pain or orgasm problems over a long period of time, or that pain or orgasm problems would predict pretending orgasm. The strongest predictor of future pretending in our model was previous pretending (R 2 = .14). Relationship status did not seem to affect pretending orgasm in any major way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jern
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Outi Hakala
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Kärnä
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Gunst
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014, Turku, Finland.
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Ventus D, Ristilä M, Gunst A, Kärnä A, Arver S, Piha J, Jern P. A Longitudinal Analysis of Premature Ejaculation Symptoms Raises Concern Regarding the Appropriateness of a “Lifelong” Subtype. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 3:243-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ventus D, Gunst A, Kärnä A, Jern P. No Evidence for Long-Term Causal Associations Between Symptoms of Premature Ejaculation and Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Sexual Distress in a Large, Population-Based Longitudinal Sample. J Sex Res 2017; 54:264-272. [PMID: 27982691 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1255301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most common male sexual complaints, but its etiology is unclear. Psychological problems, such as symptoms of anxiety and depression, have traditionally been seen as causal or maintaining etiological components of PE, and previous cross-sectional studies have found weak positive associations between them. The aim of the present study was to test possible causal pathways over time between PE and symptoms of the psychological problems anxiety, depression, and sexual distress. A sample of 985 male Finnish twins and brothers of twins completed a questionnaire in 2006 and 2012. Significant bivariate correlations were found both within and across time between PE and the psychological problems. When fitting structural equation models to test hypothesized causal pathways, symptoms of anxiety and sexual distress at the first measurement time point did not predict future PE. Likewise, PE symptoms at the first measurement did not predict increments or decrements in anxiety, sexual distress, or depression later on. These null findings regarding hypothesized associations may partly be explained by the relatively long time between measurements, or that the measures possibly did not capture the aspects of anxiety that are related to PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Gunst
- b Department of Psychology , University of Turku
| | | | - Patrick Jern
- a Department of Psychology , Åbo Akademi University
- b Department of Psychology , University of Turku
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Gunst A, Ventus D, Kärnä A, Salo P, Jern P. Female sexual function varies over time and is dependent on partner-specific factors: a population-based longitudinal analysis of six sexual function domains. Psychol Med 2017; 47:341-352. [PMID: 27766993 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies examining female sexual functions (FSFs) have used cross-sectional designs, not allowing for studying temporal stability and possible relationships between different FSFs over time. Our aim was to study these relationships using a longitudinal approach. METHOD The study sample consisted of 2173 Finnish women from two large-scale, population-based data collections 7 years apart. The Female Sexual Function Index was used. Analyses were further conducted separately for women in different relationship constellations. RESULTS Standardized autoregressive paths ranged from 0.136 (sexual satisfaction) to 0.447 (orgasm function) in the full sample, suggesting that most of the variance in FSF was explained by something other than previous function. Orgasm, desire and satisfaction were the strongest predictors of other functions in the full sample and for women in the same relationship at both time points (higher orgasm function predicted higher function in other domains; greater sexual desire and satisfaction predicted lower function in other domains), however, with small effects sizes. For single women, orgasm function and sexual desire were the only significant autoregressive paths. Significant unidirectional cross-domain paths were found for women in the same relationship at both time points. One significant cross-domain path, not confirmed as unidirectional, was found for single women. CONCLUSIONS FSFs varied considerably over 7 years and relationship status was of importance when assessing temporal stability and cross-domain effects. Our results advocate tailored psychobehavioural treatment interventions for female sexual dysfunctions that take partner-specific factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gunst
- Department of Psychology,University of Turku,Turku,Finland
| | - D Ventus
- Department of Psychology,Åbo Akademi University,Turku,Finland
| | - A Kärnä
- Independent Researcher,Turku,Finland
| | - P Salo
- Department of Psychology,University of Turku,Turku,Finland
| | - P Jern
- Department of Psychology,University of Turku,Turku,Finland
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Ventus D, Ristilä M, Gunst A, Kärnä A, Arver S, Piha J, Jern P. Reply from Authors re: Marcel D. Waldinger. The Dangers That Threaten Current Research of Premature Ejaculation: Using Validated Questionnaires, Performing Conjuring Tricks with Statistics, and Refusing to Use Real-Time Stopwatch Measurements of Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time. Eur Urol Focus. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2016.02.008. Eur Urol Focus 2016; 3:510-513. [PMID: 28753761 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ventus
- Department of Psychology, Äbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Mari Ristilä
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Gunst
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Kärnä
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Stefan Arver
- Centre for Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Patrick Jern
- Department of Psychology, Äbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Alanko K, Gunst A, Mokros A, Santtila P. Genetic Variants Associated With Male Pedophilic Sexual Interest. J Sex Med 2016; 13:835-42. [PMID: 27114195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.02.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiology of sexual preference disorders (paraphilias) in general and pedophilia in particular remains unknown. There are some indications of biological factors related to pedophilic interest and pedophilic disorder. AIM To examine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with pedophilic sexual interest. METHODS The sample consisted of 1,672 men 18 to 45 years old from the Genetics of Sex and Aggression sample who had submitted saliva samples. Fifty-four SNPs were genotyped and relevant SNPs were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A self-report questionnaire designed specifically for the Genetics of Sex and Aggression sample was used to measure sexual interest in and sexual behavior toward children and adolescents. DNA extraction and genotyping were used to measure possible associations between male pedophilia and SNPs. RESULTS Before controlling for multiple testing, statistically significant associations were found for SNPs linked to androgen, estrogen, prolactin, corticotrophin, serotonin, and oxytocin. No associations remained significant after controlling for multiple testing. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest a complex biological mechanism affecting adult sexual interest in children. Very small effect sizes characterized the findings, and several polymorphisms related to different hormonal functioning were initially related to the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Alanko
- Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo, Finland.
| | - Annika Gunst
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Philosophy, University of Turku, Tirku, Finland
| | - Andreas Mokros
- Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Center for Forensic Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pekka Santtila
- Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo, Finland
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Gunst A, Jern P, Westberg L, Johansson A, Salo B, Burri A, Spector T, Eriksson E, Sandnabba NK, Santtila P. A Study of Possible Associations Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Estrogen Receptor 2 Gene and Female Sexual Desire. J Sex Med 2015; 12:676-84. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Jern P, Westberg L, Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Johansson A, Gunst A, Sandnabba NK, Santtila P. Associations between Salivary Testosterone Levels, Androgen-Related Genetic Polymorphisms, and Self-Estimated Ejaculation Latency Time. Sex Med 2014; 2:107-14. [PMID: 25356307 PMCID: PMC4184490 DOI: 10.1002/sm2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, testosterone (T) has been shown to be associated with premature ejaculation (PE) symptoms in the literature. Furthermore, studies suggest that the etiology of PE is partly under genetic control. Aim The aim of this study was to reassess findings suggesting an association between testosterone (T) and a key symptom of PE, ejaculation latency time (ELT), as well as exploratively investigating associations between six androgen-related genetic polymorphisms and ELT. Materials and Methods Statistical analyses were performed on a population-based sample of 1,429 Finnish men aged 18–45 years (M = 26.9, SD = 4.7). Genotype information was available for 1,345–1,429 of these (depending on the polymorphism), and salivary T samples were available from 384 men. Two androgen receptor gene-linked, two 5-alpha-reductase type 2-gene-linked, and two sex hormone-binding globuline gene-linked polymorphisms were genotyped. Main Outcome Measures Ejaculatory function was assessed using self-reported ELT. Results We found no association between salivary T levels and ELT. We found a nominally significant association between a 5-alpha-reductase type 2-gene-linked polymorphism (rs2208532) and ELT, but this association did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. One single nucleotide polymorphism in the sex hormone-binding globulin gene (rs1799941) moderated (significantly after correction for multiple testing) the association between salivary T and ELT, so that A:A genotype carriers had significantly lower salivary T levels as a function of increasing ELT compared with other genotype groups. Conclusions We were unable to find support for the hypothesis suggesting an association between T levels and ELT, possibly because of the low number of phenotypically extreme cases (the sample used in the present study was population based). Our results concerning genetic associations should be interpreted with caution until replication studies have been conducted. Jern P, Westberg L, Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Johansson A, Gunst A, Sandnabba NK, and Santtila P. Associations between salivary testosterone levels, androgen-related genetic polymorphisms, and self-estimated ejaculation latency time. Sex Med 2014;2:107–114.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jern
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston, Queensland, Australia ; Department of Behavioral Sciences and Philosophy, University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Lars Westberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Ankarberg-Lindgren
- Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ada Johansson
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston, Queensland, Australia ; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Abo Akademi University Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Gunst
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Abo Akademi University Turku, Finland
| | - N Kenneth Sandnabba
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Abo Akademi University Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Santtila
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Abo Akademi University Turku, Finland
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Jern P, Westberg L, Johansson A, Gunst A, Eriksson E, Sandnabba K, Santtila P. A Study of Possible Associations Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Serotonin Receptor 1A, 1B, and 2C Genes and Self‐Reported Ejaculation Latency Time. J Sex Med 2012; 9:866-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jern P, Gunst A, Sandnabba K, Santtila P. Are early and current erectile problems associated with anxiety and depression in young men? A retrospective self-report study. J Sex Marital Ther 2012; 38:349-364. [PMID: 22712819 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2012.665818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been extensively studied in the past few decades, and significant advances have been made in understanding its etiology. Most cases of this type of dysfunction have an organic etiology, and ED occurs primarily in older men. However, relatively little is known about erectile problems in young men or about the interconnection between psychiatric symptoms and ED etiology. In this study, the authors investigated ED symptoms in a large, population-based sample of 18-48-year-old men. Participants reported ED symptoms from their first intercourse experience as well as those occurring at present. The authors assessed the association between reported ED symptoms during early partnered sexual experiences and present ED symptoms. Furthermore, the authors investigated associations between age, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and erectile problems. Results indicated that age was a significant predictor of ED problems already in young age groups. ED problems were prevalent to a much higher extent during early sexual intercourse experiences and appeared to pass with time for most men. Anxiety and depression were significant predictors of present erectile problems. Implications of the results and potential limitations were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jern
- Abo Akademi University, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Turku, Finland.
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Jern P, Gunst A, Sandqvist F, Sandnabba NK, Santtila P. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to investigate associations between ejaculatory latency and control in partnered and non-partnered sexual activities. J Sex Res 2011; 48:316-324. [PMID: 20924943 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2010.518293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) was used to investigate associations between, and variations in, ejaculatory control and ejaculation latency time (ELT) over repeated measurements of sexual activities. Differences between measures recorded in partnered or non-partnered settings were also investigated. The sample consisted of 21 male Finns aged 18 years or above, contributing a total of 158 reports of partnered and non-partnered sexual activities over a six-week period. In the context of non-partnered sexual activities, after controlling for within-subjects dependence, ELTs between events were predictive of one another, but ELT did not predict ejaculatory control when measured simultaneously, nor at subsequent events. Also, ejaculatory control could not predict simultaneously measured ELT or ejaculatory control at subsequent events. During partnered sexual activities, both ejaculatory control and ELT could be accurately predicted by observing ejaculatory control at prior events. In this context, ejaculatory control could also reliably predict simultaneously measured ELT. ELT or ejaculatory control during partnered sexual activity could not be predicted by observing ELT at prior events. Between-event correlations were generally low, indicating considerable variation in ejaculatory functioning over time. EMA is a thrifty assessment method for studying variations in ejaculatory function, and is likely suitable for studying sexual dysfunctions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jern
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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