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Reyes-Puig C, Adams DC, Enriquez-Urzelai U, Kaliontzopoulou A. Rensch's rule: linking intraspecific to evolutionary allometry. Evolution 2023; 77:2576-2589. [PMID: 37738625 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism describes phenotypic differences between the sexes; the most prominent of which is sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Rensch's rule (RR) is an allometric trend in which SSD increases in male-larger taxa and decreases in female-larger ones. Covariation between a trait and overall size within and across species can both be affected by sexual and natural selection. Thus, intraspecific allometric variation could influence the expression of RR. Here we used computer simulations to dissect how RR emerges under specific allometric patterns of intraspecific sexual differentiation in a trait. We found that sexual differentiation in static allometric slopes is the main determinant of RR. Based on our findings, RR and its converse can manifest in both body size and other traits. As a realistic showcase, we also examined RR and static allometry of different body parts in Mediterranean green lizards to establish whether intraspecific and evolutionary allometry are linked. Here, we identified RR and its converse for different traits, where the amount of sexual differentiation in static allometric slopes within species had a significant contribution to RR. Integrating the simulations and the empirical case we corroborate that sexual differentiation in static allometric slopes is a major parameter affecting evolutionary allometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Reyes-Puig
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Dean C Adams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Bellvert A, Adrián-Serrano S, Macías-Hernández N, Toft S, Kaliontzopoulou A, Arnedo MA. The Non-Dereliction in Evolution: Trophic Specialisation Drives Convergence in the Radiation of Red Devil Spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) in the Canary Islands. Syst Biol 2023; 72:998-1012. [PMID: 37474131 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural selection plays a key role in deterministic evolution, as clearly illustrated by the multiple cases of repeated evolution of ecomorphological characters observed in adaptive radiations. Unlike most spiders, Dysdera species display a high variability of cheliceral morphologies, which has been suggested to reflect different levels of specialization to feed on isopods. In this study, we integrate geometric morphometrics and experimental trials with a fully resolved phylogeny of the highly diverse endemic species from the Canary Islands to 1) quantitatively delimit the different cheliceral morphotypes present in the archipelago, 2) test their association with trophic specialization, as reported for continental species, 3) reconstruct the evolution of these ecomorphs throughout the diversification of the group, 4) test the hypothesis of convergent evolution of the different morphotypes, and 5) examine whether specialization constitutes a case of evolutionary irreversibility in this group. We show the existence of 9 cheliceral morphotypes and uncovered their significance for trophic ecology. Further, we demonstrate that similar ecomorphs evolved multiple times in the archipelago, providing a novel study system to explain how convergent evolution and irreversibility due to specialization may be combined to shape phenotypic diversification in adaptive radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Bellvert
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Adrián-Serrano
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Macías-Hernández
- Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Søren Toft
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Arnedo
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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Bellvert A, Roca‐Cusachs M, Tonzo V, Arnedo MA, Kaliontzopoulou A. The Vitruvian spider: Segmenting and integrating over different body parts to describe ecophenotypic variation. J Morphol 2022; 283:1425-1438. [PMID: 36169046 PMCID: PMC9828460 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding what drives the existing phenotypic variability has been a major topic of interest for biologists for generations. However, the study of the phenotype may not be straightforward. Indeed, organisms may be interpreted as composite objects, comprising different ecophenotypic traits, which are neither necessarily independent from each other nor do they respond to the same evolutionary pressures. For this reason, a deep biological understanding of the focal organism is essential for any morphological analysis. The spider genus Dysdera provides a particularly well-suited system for setting up protocols for morphological analyses that encompass a suit of morphological structures in any nonmodel system. This genus has undergone a remarkable diversification in the Canary Islands, where different species perform different ecological roles, exhibiting different levels of trophic specialization or troglomorphic adaptations, which translate into a remarkable interspecific morphological variability. Here, we seek to develop a broad guide, of which morphological characters must be considered, to study the effect of different ecological pressures in spiders and propose a general workflow that will be useful whenever researchers set out to investigate variation in the body plans of different organisms, with data sets comprising a set of morphological traits. We use geometric morphometric methods to quantify variation in different body structures, all of them with diverse phenotypic modifications in their chelicera, prosoma, and legs. We explore the effect of analyzing different combined landmark (LM) configurations of these characters and the degree of morphological integration that they exhibit. Our results suggest that different LM configurations of each of these body parts exhibit a higher degree of integration compared to LM configurations from different structures and that the analysis of each of these body parts captures different aspects of morphological variation, potentially related to different ecological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Bellvert
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Marcos Roca‐Cusachs
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Vanina Tonzo
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
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Pinho C, Kaliontzopoulou A, Ferreira CA, Gama J. Identification of morphologically cryptic species with computer vision models: wall lizards (Squamata: Lacertidae: Podarcis) as a case study. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Automated image classification is a thriving field of machine learning, and various successful applications dealing with biological images have recently emerged. In this work, we address the ability of these methods to identify species that are difficult to tell apart by humans due to their morphological similarity. We focus on distinguishing species of wall lizards, namely those belonging to the Podarcis hispanicus species complex, which constitutes a well-known example of cryptic morphological variation. We address two classification experiments: (1) assignment of images of the morphologically relatively distinct P. bocagei and P. lusitanicus; and (2) distinction between the overall more cryptic nine taxa that compose this complex. We used four datasets (two image perspectives and individuals of the two sexes) and three deep-learning models to address each problem. Our results suggest a high ability of the models to identify the correct species, especially when combining predictions from different perspectives and models (accuracy of 95.9% and 97.1% for females and males, respectively, in the two-class case; and of 91.2% to 93.5% for females and males, respectively, in the nine-class case). Overall, these results establish deep-learning models as an important tool for field identification and monitoring of cryptic species complexes, alleviating the burden of expert or genetic identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pinho
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto , 4485-661 Vairão , Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO , Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão , Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona , E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia , Spain
| | | | - João Gama
- INESC TEC , Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto , Portugal
- FEP - University of Porto , Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-464 Porto , Portugal
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Coelho P, Kaliontzopoulou A, Sousa P, Stockmann M, van der Meijden A. Reevaluating scorpion ecomorphs using a naïve approach. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 35164666 PMCID: PMC8845257 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-01968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ecomorphs create the opportunity to investigate ecological adaptation because they encompass organisms that evolved characteristic morphologies under similar ecological demands. For over 50 years, scorpions have been empirically assigned to ecomorphs based on the characteristic morphologies that rock, sand, vegetation, underground, and surface dwellers assume. This study aims to independently test the existence of scorpion ecomorphs by quantifying the association between their morphology and ecology across 61 species, representing 14 families of the Scorpiones order. Results Without a priori categorization of species into ecomorphs, we identified four groups based on microhabitat descriptors, which reflect how scorpion ecospace is clustered. Moreover, these microhabitat groups, i.e., ecotypes, have significantly divergent morphologies; therefore, they represent ecomorphs. These ecomorphs largely correspond with the ones previously described in the literature. Therefore, we retained the names Lithophilous, Psammophilous, and Pelophilous, and proposed the name Phytophilous for vegetation dwellers. Finally, we sought to map the morphology-ecology association in scorpions and found that the morphological regions most tightly associated with ecology are at the extremities. Moreover, the major trend in ecomorphological covariation is that longer walking legs and relatively slender pedipalps (pincers) are associated with sandy microhabitats, while the inverse morphological proportions are associated with rocky microhabitats. Conclusions Scorpion ecomorphs are validated in a naïve approach, from ecological descriptors and whole body anatomy. This places them on a more solid quantitative footing for future studies of ecological adaptation in scorpions. Our results verify most of the previously defined ecomorphotypes and could be used as a current practice to understand the adaptive significance of ecological morphology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-01968-0.
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Martínez-Gil H, Martínez-Freiría F, Perera A, Enriquez-Urzelai U, Martínez-Solano Í, Velo-Antón G, Kaliontzopoulou A. Morphological diversification of Mediterranean anurans: the roles of evolutionary history and climate. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Investigation of the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms governing the origin and diversification of species requires integrative approaches that often have to accommodate strong discordance among datasets. A common source of conflict is the combination of morphological and molecular characters with different evolutionary rates. Resolution of these discordances is crucial to assess the relative roles of different processes in generating and maintaining biodiversity. Anuran amphibians provide many examples of morphologically similar, genetically divergent lineages, posing questions about the relative roles of phylogeny and ecological factors in phenotypic evolution. We focused on three circum-Mediterranean anuran genera (Hyla, Alytes and Discoglossus), characterizing morphological and environmental disparity and comparing diversity patterns across biological levels of organization. Using a comparative phylogenetic framework, we tested how shared ancestry and climatic factors come together to shape phenotypic diversity. We found higher morphological differentiation within Hyla and Alytes than in Discoglossus. Body size and limb morphology contributed most to inter- and intraspecific morphological variation in Hyla and Alytes, but there was no strong phylogenetic signal, indicating that shared ancestry does not predict patterns of phenotypic divergence. In contrast, we uncovered a significant association between morphology and climatic descriptors, supporting the hypothesis that morphological disparity between species results from adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Martínez-Gil
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez-Freiría
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ana Perera
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Urtzi Enriquez-Urzelai
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Íñigo Martínez-Solano
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal, Torre Cacti (Lab 97), E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Kiourtsoglou A, Kaliontzopoulou A, Poursanidis D, Jablonski D, Lymberakis P, Poulakakis N. Evidence of cryptic diversity in
Podarcis peloponnesiacus
and re‐evaluation of its current taxonomy; insights from genetic, morphological, and ecological data. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Kiourtsoglou
- Department of Biology School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Heraklion Greece
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Heraklion Greece
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO‐InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Dimitris Poursanidis
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics Foundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion Greece
| | - Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Heraklion Greece
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Department of Biology School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Heraklion Greece
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Heraklion Greece
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Baken EK, Collyer ML, Kaliontzopoulou A, Adams DC. geomorph v4.0 and gmShiny: Enhanced analytics and a new graphical interface for a comprehensive morphometric experience. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica K. Baken
- Department of Science Chatham University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Vairão Portugal
| | - Dean C. Adams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
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Simbula G, Vignoli L, Carretero MA, Kaliontzopoulou A. Fluctuating asymmetry as biomarker of pesticides exposure in the Italian wall lizards (Podarcis siculus). ZOOLOGY 2021; 147:125928. [PMID: 34022741 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2021.125928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides in agricultural environments produces drastic effects on wildlife, hence the need for less invasive indicators of environmental stress to monitoring the impact of agriculture treatments on biological systems. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), as measure of developmental instability, has recently been proposed as reliable biomarker of populations stress due to environmental disturbance. We investigate femoral pores (FP) and dorsal head shape (HS) traits in populations of the Italian wall lizard inhabiting agricultural environments to examine whether different pesticide exposures (conventional, organic and control) can cause distinctive degree of FA. High-resolution photographs of FP and HS were taken in the field with a digital camera. The number of FP were counted twice on both sides and HS was analysed using geometric morphometrics with 25 landmarks and 12 semilandmarks. Individuals under conventional management showed higher levels of FA compared to control ones, and females exhibited higher FA levels than males for the FP. However, no significant difference was found for the HS trait. Our study provided evidence that FA may have a real potential as biomarker of population stress in wall lizards, highlighting the importance in the choice of the experimental design and the traits adopted for estimating DI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Simbula
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, Rome, 00146, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Vignoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, Rome, 00146, Italy.
| | - Miguel A Carretero
- CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, s/n, Porto, 4169 - 007, Portugal.
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal.
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Yang W, Feiner N, Pinho C, While GM, Kaliontzopoulou A, Harris DJ, Salvi D, Uller T. Extensive introgression and mosaic genomes of Mediterranean endemic lizards. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2762. [PMID: 33980851 PMCID: PMC8114931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean basin is a hotspot of biodiversity, fuelled by climatic oscillation and geological change over the past 20 million years. Wall lizards of the genus Podarcis are among the most abundant, diverse, and conspicuous Mediterranean fauna. Here, we unravel the remarkably entangled evolutionary history of wall lizards by sequencing genomes of 34 major lineages covering 26 species. We demonstrate an early (>11 MYA) separation into two clades centred on the Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas, and two clades of Mediterranean island endemics. Diversification within these clades was pronounced between 6.5–4.0 MYA, a period spanning the Messinian Salinity Crisis, during which the Mediterranean Sea nearly dried up before rapidly refilling. However, genetic exchange between lineages has been a pervasive feature throughout the entire history of wall lizards. This has resulted in a highly reticulated pattern of evolution across the group, characterised by mosaic genomes with major contributions from two or more parental taxa. These hybrid lineages gave rise to several of the extant species that are endemic to Mediterranean islands. The mosaic genomes of island endemics may have promoted their extraordinary adaptability and striking diversity in body size, shape and colouration, which have puzzled biologists for centuries. Islands can provide insights into the evolution of diverse adaptations. The genomes of 34 major lineages of Mediterranean wall lizards reveal a highly reticulated pattern of evolution across the group, characterised by mosaic genomes and showing that hybrid lineages gave rise to several extant endemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Yang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Catarina Pinho
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Geoffrey M While
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - D James Harris
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Daniele Salvi
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Tobias Uller
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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11
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Caeiro-Dias G, Brelsford A, Kaliontzopoulou A, Meneses-Ribeiro M, Crochet PA, Pinho C. Variable levels of introgression between the endangered Podarcis carbonelli and highly divergent congeneric species. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:463-476. [PMID: 33199832 PMCID: PMC8027454 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-00386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent empirical studies have demonstrated that speciation with gene flow is more common than previously thought. From a conservation perspective, the potential negative effects of hybridization raise concerns on the genetic integrity of endangered species. However, introgressive hybridization has also been growingly recognized as a source of diversity and new advantageous alleles. Carbonell's wall lizard (Podarcis carbonelli) is an endangered species whose distribution overlaps with four other congeneric species. Our goal here was to determine whether P. carbonelli is completely reproductively isolated from its congeners and to evaluate the relevance of hybridization and interspecific gene flow for developing a conservation plan. We used restriction site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to discover SNPs in samples from four contact zones between P. carbonelli and four other species. Principal component analysis, multilocus genotype assignment and interspecific heterozygosity suggest incomplete reproductive isolation and ongoing gene flow between species. However, hybridization dynamics vary across all pairs, suggesting complex interactions between multiple intrinsic and extrinsic barriers. Despite seemingly ubiquitous interspecific gene flow, we found evidence of strong reproductive isolation across most contact zones. Instead, indirect effects of hybridization like waste of reproductive effort in small isolated populations may be more problematic. Our results highlight the need to further evaluate the consequences of introgression for P. carbonelli, both on a geographic and genomic level and included in a comprehensive and urgently needed conservation plan. Besides, those findings will add important insights on the potential effects of hybridization and introgression for endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Caeiro-Dias
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France.
| | - Alan Brelsford
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Biology Department, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Mariana Meneses-Ribeiro
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Pierre-André Crochet
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Catarina Pinho
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
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12
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Martínez-Castro A, Kaliontzopoulou A, Freitas I, Martínez-Freiría F. Macroevolutionary variation and environmental correlates of scalation traits in Eurasian vipers (Serpentes: Viperinae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding how phenotypic variation across species is shaped by the combination of shared evolutionary history and environmental factors is key to elucidating the processes that underlie biodiversity. In reptiles, morphological traits have traditionally been used to delimit species and make systematic inferences. Recent studies highlight the possibility that phenotypic variation, particularly in scalation traits, might instead be driven by environmental factors and therefore not reflect the phylogenetic relationships among species. In this study, we combined morphological and ecological data in a macroevolutionary framework, in order to describe the morphological variation across species of Eurasian vipers (Serpentes: Viperinae), investigate the phylogenetic structure of scalation traits and test the contribution of environmental factors in shaping morphological patterns. We found considerable variation in all examined traits, which, in most cases, agreed with the phylogenetic relationships among species, reinforcing their usefulness for taxonomic inferences. Interestingly, however, the number of ventral scales exhibited lower phylogenetic signal and a tight association with environmental factors of geographical ranges, suggesting potential adaptive or developmental sources of variation in the trait. This is the first comparative study of macroevolutionary variation in scalation traits in Eurasian vipers, validating the use of most of them for systematic inferences, but also indicating possible environmental factors that might shape phenotypic variation across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martínez-Castro
- Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales, CSIC. C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Inês Freitas
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Fernando Martínez-Freiría
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Portugal
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13
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Galindo J, Carvalho J, Sotelo G, Duvetorp M, Costa D, Kemppainen P, Panova M, Kaliontzopoulou A, Johannesson K, Faria R. Genetic and morphological divergence between Littorina fabalis ecotypes in Northern Europe. J Evol Biol 2020; 34:97-113. [PMID: 32935387 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Low dispersal marine intertidal species facing strong divergent selective pressures associated with steep environmental gradients have a great potential to inform us about local adaptation and reproductive isolation. Among these, gastropods of the genus Littorina offer a unique system to study parallel phenotypic divergence resulting from adaptation to different habitats related with wave exposure. In this study, we focused on two Littorina fabalis ecotypes from Northern European shores and compared patterns of habitat-related phenotypic and genetic divergence across three different geographic levels (local, regional and global). Geometric morphometric analyses revealed that individuals from habitats moderately exposed to waves usually present a larger shell size with a wider aperture than those from sheltered habitats. The phenotypic clustering of L. fabalis by habitat across most locations (mainly in terms of shell size) support an important role of ecology in morphological divergence. A genome scan based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) revealed a heterogeneous pattern of differentiation across the genome between populations from the two different habitats, suggesting ecotype divergence in the presence of gene flow. The contrasting patterns of genetic structure between nonoutlier and outlier loci, and the decreased sharing of outlier loci with geographic distance among locations are compatible with parallel evolution of phenotypic divergence, with an important contribution of gene flow and/or ancestral variation. In the future, model-based inference studies based on sequence data across the entire genome will help unravelling these evolutionary hypotheses, improving our knowledge about adaptation and its influence on diversification within the marine realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Galindo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM-UVIGO), Vigo, Spain
| | - João Carvalho
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Portugal
| | - Graciela Sotelo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mårten Duvetorp
- Department of Marine Sciences -Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Diana Costa
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Petri Kemppainen
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marina Panova
- Department of Marine Sciences -Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Marine Sciences -Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Rui Faria
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Pujol-Buxó E, Kaliontzopoulou A, Unanue-Goikoetxea G, Ambrós B, Llorente GA. Geographical differences in competitive hierarchy in a native–invasive system. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Biological invasions can create novel competitive interactions and force ecological shifts in both native and invasive species. Anuran tadpoles are able to modify their behaviour, morphology, growth and development to cope with competitive pressure. This plasticity is a good target for natural selection and can drive rapid evolutionary changes in response to novel interactions. Here, we explore changes in plastic responses and fitness of competing invasive and native tadpoles by exposing tadpoles from different locations with contrasting evolutionary histories to the same set of varied competitive conditions. Eggs were collected from one site near the first introduction of the invasive frog (~110 years of coexistence) and from a second site that was invaded recently. We hypothesized less favourable outcomes for the invasive species in long-coexisting populations, where the native competitor might have developed adaptive responses. Most results support the hypothesis. Where the invasion was older, invasive tadpoles exposed to native competitors grew less, developed more slowly and displayed morphologies linked to competitive stress, whereas the developmental stability and canalization of native tadpoles increased. On the whole, the asymmetric competitive relationship thus appeared to approach symmetry after ~35 generations, highlighting a noteworthy example of rapid adaptation after an invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eudald Pujol-Buxó
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrario de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Gerezti Unanue-Goikoetxea
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Ambrós
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo A Llorente
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Adams DC, Glynne E, Kaliontzopoulou A. Interspecific allometry for sexual shape dimorphism: Macroevolution of multivariate sexual phenotypes with application to Rensch's rule. Evolution 2020; 74:1908-1922. [PMID: 32578880 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Allometric trends in the degree of sexual dimorphism with body size have long fascinated evolutionary biologists. Many male-biased clades display more prominent sexual dimorphism in larger taxa (Rensch's rule), with most examples documenting this pattern for body size dimorphism. Although sexual dimorphism in traits other than body size is equally functionally relevant, characterizing allometric patterns of sexual dimorphism in such traits is hampered by lack of an analytical framework that can accommodate multivariate phenotypes. In this article, we derive a multivariate equivalency for investigating trends in sexual dimorphism-relative to overall body size-across taxa and provide a generalized test to determine whether such allometric patterns correspond with Rensch's rule. For univariate linear traits such as body size, our approach yields equivalent results to those from standard procedures, but our test is also capable of detecting trends in multivariate datasets such as shape. Computer simulations reveal that the method displays appropriate statistical properties, and an empirical example in Mediterranean lizards provides the first demonstration of Rensch's rule in a multivariate phenotype (head shape). Our generalized procedure substantially extends the analytical toolkit for investigating macroevolutionary patterns of sexual dimorphism and seeking a better understanding of the processes that underlie them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean C Adams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011
| | - Elizabeth Glynne
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vila do Conde, Porto, 4099-002, Portugal
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16
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Freitas I, Ursenbacher S, Mebert K, Zinenko O, Schweiger S, Wüster W, Brito JC, Crnobrnja-Isailović J, Halpern B, Fahd S, Santos X, Pleguezuelos JM, Joger U, Orlov N, Mizsei E, Lourdais O, Zuffi MA, Strugariu A, Zamfirescu ŞR, Martínez-Solano Í, Velo-Antón G, Kaliontzopoulou A, Martínez-Freiría F. Evaluating taxonomic inflation: towards evidence-based species delimitation in Eurasian vipers (Serpentes: Viperinae). AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The designation of taxonomic units has important implications for the understanding and conservation of biodiversity. Eurasian vipers are a monophyletic group of viperid snakes (Serpentes, Viperinae), currently comprising four genera (Daboia, Macrovipera, Montivipera and Vipera) and up to 40 species. Taxonomic units have been described using a wide variety of methods and criteria, and consequently, considerable controversy still surrounds the validity of some currently listed species. In order to promote a consensus- and evidence-based taxonomy of Eurasian vipers, we analysed published mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences for this group to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among currently recognized viper species. We also compiled information on external morphology to assess their morphological distinctiveness. Phylogenetic inference based on mtDNA sequences shows contrasting levels of divergence across genera and species and identifies several instances of non-monophyly in described species. Nuclear DNA sequences show extremely low levels of genetic variation, with a widespread pattern of allele sharing among distant species, and even among genera. Revision of morphological data shows that most species designations rely on scalation traits that overlap extensively among species of the same genus. Based on our combined assessment, we recognize 15 taxa as valid species, three taxa which likely represent species complexes, 17 taxa of doubtful validity as species, and five taxa for which species status is maintained but further research is highly recommended to assess taxonomic arrangements. We stress the need to implement integrative taxonomic approaches for the recognition of evidence-based taxonomic units in Eurasian vipers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Freitas
- 1CIBIO/InBIO – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources of the University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Sylvain Ursenbacher
- 2Department of Environmental Science, Section of Conservation Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- 3info fauna-karch, Centre de coordination pour la protection des amphibiens et des reptiles de Suisse, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Mebert
- 4Global Biology, Waldmattstr, Birr, Switzerland
- 5IDECC, Institute of Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, Rome, Italy
| | - Oleksandr Zinenko
- 6Museum of Nature, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv national University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Silke Schweiger
- 7Herpetological Collection, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wüster
- 8Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, Wales, UK
| | - José C. Brito
- 1CIBIO/InBIO – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources of the University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović
- 9Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
- 10Institute for Biological Research “S. Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Soumia Fahd
- 12Faculté des Sciences de Tétouan, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Xavier Santos
- 1CIBIO/InBIO – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources of the University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Juan M. Pleguezuelos
- 13Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ulrich Joger
- 14State Natural History Museum, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nikolay Orlov
- 15Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Edvárd Mizsei
- 16Department of Tisza River Research, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- 17Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- 18Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Marco A.L. Zuffi
- 19University of Pisa – Museum Natural History, Calci (Pisa), Italy
| | - Alexandru Strugariu
- 20Research Department – Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Ştefan Remus Zamfirescu
- 21Department of Biology – Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, Iaşi, Romania
| | | | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- 1CIBIO/InBIO – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources of the University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- 1CIBIO/InBIO – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources of the University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Fernando Martínez-Freiría
- 1CIBIO/InBIO – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources of the University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
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17
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Lucchini N, Kaliontzopoulou A, Val GA, Martínez-Freiría F. Sources of intraspecific morphological variation in Vipera seoanei: allometry, sex, and colour phenotype. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Snakes frequently exhibit ontogenetic and sexual variation in head dimensions, as well as the occurrence of distinct colour morphotypes which might be fitness-related. In this study, we used linear biometry and geometric morphometrics to investigate intraspecific morphological variation related to allometry and sexual dimorphism in Vipera seoanei, a species that exhibits five colour morphotypes, potentially subjected to distinct ecological pressures. We measured body size (SVL), tail length and head dimensions in 391 specimens, and examined variation in biometric traits with respect to allometry, sex and colour morph. In addition, we analysed head shape variation by recording the position of 29 landmarks in 123 specimens and establishing a low-error protocol for implementing geometric morphometrics to European vipers. All head dimensions exhibited significant allometry, while sexual differences occurred for SVL, relative tail length and snout height. After considering size effects, we found significant differences in body proportions between the sexes and across colour morphs, which suggests an important influence of lowland and montane habitats in shaping morphological variation. By contrast, head shape did not exhibit significant variation across sexes or colour morphs. Instead it was mainly associated to allometric variation, where the supraocular and the rear regions of the head were the areas that varied the most throughout growth and across individuals. Overall, this study provides a thorough description of morphological variability in Vipera seoanei and highlights the relevance of combining different tools (i.e. linear and geometric morphometrics) and analyses to evaluate the relative contribution of different factors in shaping intraspecific variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Lucchini
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
| | - Guillermo Aguado Val
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
| | - Fernando Martínez-Freiría
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
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18
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Gomes V, Herrel A, Carretero MA, Kaliontzopoulou A. New Insights into Bite Performance: Morphological Trade-Offs Underlying the Duration and Magnitude of Bite Force. Physiol Biochem Zool 2020; 93:175-184. [DOI: 10.1086/708248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Costa D, Sotelo G, Kaliontzopoulou A, Carvalho J, Butlin R, Hollander J, Faria R. Hybridization patterns between two marine snails, Littorina fabalis and L. obtusata. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1158-1179. [PMID: 32076505 PMCID: PMC7029087 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the patterns of hybridization between closely related species is crucial to understand the role of gene flow in speciation. In particular, systems comprising multiple contacts between sister species offer an outstanding opportunity to investigate how reproductive isolation varies with environmental conditions, demography and geographic contexts of divergence. The flat periwinkles, Littorina obtusata and L. fabalis (Gastropoda), are two intertidal sister species with marked ecological differences compatible with late stages of speciation. Although hybridization between the two was previously suggested, its extent across the Atlantic shores of Europe remained largely unknown. Here, we combined genetic (microsatellites and mtDNA) and morphological data (shell and male genital morphology) from multiple populations of flat periwinkles in north-western Iberia to assess the extent of current and past hybridization between L. obtusata and L. fabalis under two contrasting geographic settings of divergence (sympatry and allopatry). Hybridization signatures based on both mtDNA and microsatellites were stronger in sympatric sites, although evidence for recent extensive admixture was found in a single location. Misidentification of individuals into species based on shell morphology was higher in sympatric than in allopatric sites. However, despite hybridization, species distinctiveness based on this phenotypic trait together with male genital morphology remained relatively high. The observed variation in the extent of hybridization among locations provides a rare opportunity for future studies on the consequences of different levels of gene flow for reinforcement, thus informing about the mechanisms underlying the completion of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Costa
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- CIIMARInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental ResearchUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Graciela Sotelo
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - João Carvalho
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- cE3cCentre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental ChangesDepartamento de Biologia AnimalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Roger Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Johan Hollander
- Department of BiologyAquatic Ecology UnitLund UniversityLundSweden
- Global Ocean InstituteWorld Maritime UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Rui Faria
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- CIIMARInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental ResearchUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Alarcón-Ríos L, Nicieza AG, Kaliontzopoulou A, Buckley D, Velo-Antón G. Evolutionary History and Not Heterochronic Modifications Associated with Viviparity Drive Head Shape Differentiation in a Reproductive Polymorphic Species, Salamandra salamandra. Evol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-019-09489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Massetti F, Kaliontzopoulou A, Gomes V, Rato C. Variation in morphology and functional performance across distinct evolutionary lineages of the Moorish gecko (Tarentola mauritanica) from the Iberian Peninsula. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Massetti
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vila do Conde Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vila do Conde Portugal
| | - Verónica Gomes
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vila do Conde Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Catarina Rato
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto Vila do Conde Portugal
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22
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Kaliontzopoulou A, Pinho C, Martínez-Freiría F. Where does diversity come from? Linking geographical patterns of morphological, genetic, and environmental variation in wall lizards. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:124. [PMID: 30134828 PMCID: PMC6113677 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how phenotypic variation scales from individuals, through populations, up to species, and how it relates to genetic and environmental factors, is essential for deciphering the evolutionary mechanisms that drive biodiversity. We used two species of Podarcis wall lizards to test whether phenotypic diversity within and divergence across populations follow concordant patterns, and to examine how phenotypic variation responds to genetic and environmental variability across different hierarchical levels of biological organization, in an explicit geographic framework. RESULTS We found a general concordance of phenotypic variation across hierarchical levels (i.e. individuals and populations). However, we also found that within-population diversity does not exhibit a coherent geographic structure for most traits, while among-population divergence does, suggesting that different mechanisms may underlie the generation of diversity at these two levels. Furthermore, the association of phenotypic variation with genetic and environmental factors varied extensively between hierarchical levels and across traits, hampering the identification of simple rules to explain what yields diversity. CONCLUSIONS Our results in some cases comply with general ecological and evolutionary predictions, but in others they are difficult to explain in the geographic framework used, suggesting that habitat characteristics and other regulatory mechanisms may have a more substantial contribution in shaping phenotypic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7.4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Pinho
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7.4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Fernando Martínez-Freiría
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7.4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
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Caeiro-Dias G, Luís C, Pinho C, Crochet PA, Sillero N, Kaliontzopoulou A. Lack of congruence of genetic and niche divergence inPodarcis hispanicuscomplex. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Caeiro-Dias
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; CIBIO/InBio; Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia; Faculdade de Ciências; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- CEFE; CNRS; University of Montpellier; University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3; EPHE; IRD Montpellier France
| | - Carla Luís
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; CIBIO/InBio; Vairão Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinho
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; CIBIO/InBio; Vairão Portugal
| | - Pierre-André Crochet
- CEFE; CNRS; University of Montpellier; University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3; EPHE; IRD Montpellier France
| | - Neftalí Sillero
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais; CICGE; Observatório Astronómico Prof. Manuel de Barros; Vila Nova de Gaia Portugal
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Gomes V, Carretero MA, Kaliontzopoulou A. Run for your life, but bite for your rights? How interactions between natural and sexual selection shape functional morphology across habitats. Naturwissenschaften 2018; 105:9. [PMID: 29294185 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A central issue in evolutionary biology is how morphology, performance, and habitat use coevolve. If morphological variation is tightly associated with habitat use, then differences in morphology should affect fitness through their effect on performance within specific habitats. In this study, we investigate how evolutionary forces mold morphological traits and performance differently given the surrounding environment, at the intraspecific level. For this purpose, we selected populations of the lizard Podarcis bocagei from two different habitat types, agricultural walls and dunes, which we expected to reflect saxicolous vs ground-dwelling habits. In the laboratory, we recorded morphological traits as well as performance traits by measuring sprint speed, climbing capacity, maneuverability, and bite force. Our results revealed fast-evolving ecomorphological variation among populations of P. bocagei, where a direct association existed between head morphology and bite performance. However, we could not establish links between limb morphology and locomotor performance at the individual level. Lizards from walls were better climbers than those from dunes, suggesting a very fast evolutionary response. Interestingly, a significant interaction between habitat and sex was detected in climbing performance. In addition, lizards from dunes bit harder than those from walls, although sexual differentiation was definitely the main factor driving variation in head functional morphology. Taking into account all the results, we found a complex interaction between natural and sexual selection on whole-organism performance, which are, in some cases, reflected in morphological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Gomes
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7, 4485-661, Vairao, Vila do Conde, Portugal. .,Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7, 4485-661, Vairao, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7, 4485-661, Vairao, Vila do Conde, Portugal
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Abstract
Canalization and developmental stability (DS) are important organismal properties involved in determining the level of phenotypic variation. Ontogenetic patterns of phenotypic variance components can shed light on the mechanistic basis of developmental buffering (DB). Here, we analyze how individual FA and among-individual variation in head shape change in ontogenetic series of three lizard species raised in laboratory. The degree of asymmetry increased slightly with size, suggesting that developmental mechanisms hypothesized to correct for deviations either do not exist, or that their efficiency is truncated with increasing size. Alternatively, they may need the disturbance as a trigger. The relationship between asymmetry and age was complex, with asymmetry being stable across the age range in two species but increased with age in the third. Lack of congruence in ontogenetic patterns of asymmetry might be due to intrinsic differences in buffering mechanisms or a result of species-specific growth patterns. Head shape was shown to be equally canalized across both size and age range in all species, probably as a result of a balance between the buffering mechanisms and mechanisms generating variance. The patterns of symmetric and asymmetric head shape variation were highly correlated across species meaning that DS and canalization may rely on similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko M Lazić
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
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Massetti F, Gomes V, Perera A, Rato C, Kaliontzopoulou A. Morphological and functional implications of sexual size dimorphism in the Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Massetti
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Verónica Gomes
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Perera
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rato
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
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Nakamura M, Godinho R, Rio-Maior H, Roque S, Kaliontzopoulou A, Bernardo J, Castro D, Lopes S, Petrucci-Fonseca F, Álvares F. Evaluating the predictive power of field variables for species and individual molecular identification on wolf noninvasive samples. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-017-1112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Žagar A, Carretero MA, Vrezec A, Drašler K, Kaliontzopoulou A. Towards a functional understanding of species coexistence: ecomorphological variation in relation to whole‐organism performance in two sympatric lizards. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Žagar
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO University of Porto 4485‐661 Vairão Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO University of Porto 4485‐661 Vairão Portugal
| | - Al Vrezec
- National Institute for Biology 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | | | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO University of Porto 4485‐661 Vairão Portugal
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Coelho P, Kaliontzopoulou A, Rasko M, Meijden A. A ‘striking’ relationship: scorpion defensive behaviour and its relation to morphology and performance. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Coelho
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, No. 7 4485‐661 Vairão, Vila do Conde Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, No. 7 4485‐661 Vairão, Vila do Conde Portugal
| | - Mykola Rasko
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, No. 7 4485‐661 Vairão, Vila do Conde Portugal
| | - Arie Meijden
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, No. 7 4485‐661 Vairão, Vila do Conde Portugal
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Alarcón-Ríos L, Velo-Antón G, Kaliontzopoulou A. A non-invasive geometric morphometrics method for exploring variation in dorsal head shape in urodeles: sexual dimorphism and geographic variation inSalamandra salamandra. J Morphol 2017; 278:475-485. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Alarcón-Ríos
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Área de Ecología, Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB), CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias; Mieres Spain
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão 7, Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão 7, Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
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31
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Gomes V, Carretero MA, Kaliontzopoulou A. The relevance of morphology for habitat use and locomotion in two species of wall lizards. Acta Oecologica 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kaliontzopoulou A, Adams DC. Phylogenies, the Comparative Method, and the Conflation of Tempo and Mode. Syst Biol 2015; 65:1-15. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syv079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Lazić MM, Carretero MA, Crnobrnja-Isailović J, Kaliontzopoulou A. Effects of environmental disturbance on phenotypic variation: an integrated assessment of canalization, developmental stability, modularity, and allometry in lizard head shape. Am Nat 2014; 185:44-58. [PMID: 25560552 DOI: 10.1086/679011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
When populations experience suboptimal conditions, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of phenotypic variation can be challenged, resulting in increased phenotypic variance. This kind of disturbance can be diagnosed by using morphometric tools to study morphological patterns at different hierarchical levels and evaluate canalization, developmental stability, integration, modularity, and allometry. We assess the effect of urbanization on phenotypic variation in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) by using geometric morphometrics to assess disturbance to head shape development. The head shapes of urban lizards were more variable and less symmetric, suggesting that urban living is more likely to disturb development. Head shape variation was congruent within and across individuals, which indicated that canalization and developmental stability are two related phenomena in these organisms. Furthermore, urban lizards exhibited smaller mean head sizes, divergent size-shape allometries, and increased deviation from within-group allometric lines. This suggests that mechanisms regulating head shape allometry may also be disrupted. The integrated evaluation of several measures of developmental instability at different hierarchical levels, which provided in this case congruent results, can be a powerful methodological guide for future studies, as it enhances the detection of environmental disturbances on phenotypic variation and aids biological interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko M Lazić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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34
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Kaliontzopoulou A, Carretero MA, Adams DC. Ecomorphological variation in male and female wall lizards and the macroevolution of sexual dimorphism in relation to habitat use. J Evol Biol 2014; 28:80-94. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources; InBIO; Universidade do Porto; Vila do Conde Portugal
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - M. A. Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources; InBIO; Universidade do Porto; Vila do Conde Portugal
| | - D. C. Adams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
- Department of Statistics; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
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Lazić MM, Kaliontzopoulou A, Carretero MA, Crnobrnja-Isailović J. Lizards from urban areas are more asymmetric: using fluctuating asymmetry to evaluate environmental disturbance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84190. [PMID: 24386350 PMCID: PMC3873971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in human activities that leads to wildlife decline and species extinction poses an urgent need for simple indicators of environmental stress in animal populations. Several studies have suggested that fluctuating asymmetry (FA) can be an easy, direct measure of developmental instability because it is associated to environmental stress and, as such, it can be a useful indicator of population disturbance. We examined three different morphological traits in urban and rural populations of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) to test whether anthropogenic disturbance causes an increase in FA. Compared to rural populations, urban ones showed higher levels of FA in all analyzed traits, thus providing evidence that FA can respond to anthropogenic disturbance. However, we also found significant differences in FA among traits, where femoral pores and subdigital lamellae, traits with a functional relevance, were more stable developmentally compared to supracilliar granules which have no evident function. Unsigned FA [abs(right-left)] exhibited significant, but weak, positive correlations among traits, indicating that developmental noise does not have a uniform effect across characters and thus questioning the view of developmental stability as an organism-wide property. The degree of signed FA (right-left) was more similar between structurally associated traits, possibly as an outcome of morphological integration. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that FA can be a reliable indicator of disturbance provided that it is analyzed on multiple traits simultaneously and examined at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko M. Lazić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Miguel A. Carretero
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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36
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Salvi D, Harris DJ, Kaliontzopoulou A, Carretero MA, Pinho C. Persistence across Pleistocene ice ages in Mediterranean and extra-Mediterranean refugia: phylogeographic insights from the common wall lizard. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:147. [PMID: 23841475 PMCID: PMC3711914 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleistocene climatic oscillations have played a major role in structuring present-day biodiversity. The southern Mediterranean peninsulas have long been recognized as major glacial refugia, from where Northern Europe was post-glacially colonized. However, recent studies have unravelled numerous additional refugia also in northern regions. We investigated the phylogeographic pattern of the widespread Western Palaearctic lizard Podarcis muralis, using a range-wide multilocus approach, to evaluate whether it is concordant with a recent expansion from southern glacial refugia or alternatively from a combination of Mediterranean and northern refugia. RESULTS We analyzed DNA sequences of two mitochondrial (cytb and nd4) and three nuclear (acm4, mc1r, and pdc) gene fragments in individuals from 52 localities across the species range, using phylogenetic and phylogeographic methods. The complex phylogeographic pattern observed, with 23 reciprocally monophyletic allo- parapatric lineages having a Pleistocene divergence, suggests a scenario of long-term isolation in multiple ice-age refugia across the species distribution range. Multiple lineages were identified within the three Mediterranean peninsulas - Iberia, Italy and the Balkans - where the highest genetic diversity was observed. Such an unprecedented phylogeographic pattern - here called "refugia within all refugia" - compasses the classical scenario of multiple southern refugia. However, unlike the southern refugia model, various distinct lineages were also found in northern regions, suggesting that additional refugia in France, Northern Italy, Eastern Alps and Central Balkans allowed the long-term persistence of this species throughout Pleistocene glaciations. CONCLUSIONS The phylogeography of Podarcis muralis provides a paradigm of temperate species survival in Mediterranean and extra-Mediterranean glacial refugia. Such refugia acted as independent biogeographic compartments for the long-term persistence of this species, for the differentiation of its genetic lineages, and for the short-distance post-glacial re-colonization of neighbouring areas. This finding echoes previous findings from recent phylogeographic studies on species from temperate ecoregions, thus suggesting the need for a reappraisal of the role of northern refugia for glacial persistence and post-glacial assembly of Holarctic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Salvi
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
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Kaliontzopoulou A, Bandeira V, Carretero MA. Sexual dimorphism in locomotor performance and its relation to morphology in wall lizards (Podarcis bocagei
). J Zool (1987) 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/UP; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - V. Bandeira
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
| | - M. A. Carretero
- CIBIO/UP; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
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Kaliontzopoulou A, Adams DC, van der Meijden A, Perera A, Carretero MA. Relationships between head morphology, bite performance and ecology in two species of Podarcis wall lizards. Evol Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-011-9538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Kaliontzopoulou A. Geometric morphometrics in herpetology: modern tools for enhancing the study of morphological variation in amphibians and reptiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.11160/bah.11016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pinho C, Kaliontzopoulou A, Carretero MA, Harris DJ, Ferrand N. Genetic admixture between the Iberian endemic lizardsPodarcis bocageiandPodarcis carbonelli: evidence for limited natural hybridization and a bimodal hybrid zone. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Navarro J, Kaliontzopoulou A, González-Solís J. Sexual dimorphism in bill morphology and feeding ecology in Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea). ZOOLOGY 2009; 112:128-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kaliontzopoulou A, Brito JC, Carretero MA, Larbes S, Harris DJ. Modelling the partially unknown distribution of wall lizards (Podarcis) in North Africa: ecological affinities, potential areas of occurrence, and methodological constraints. CAN J ZOOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1139/z08-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Species distribution modelling (SDM) is a powerful tool to investigate various biological questions with a spatial component, but is also sensitive to presence-data characteristics, particularly data precision and clustering. Here, we investigate the effect of these two factors on SDM using Maxent as the modelling technique and wall lizards (genus Podarcis Wagler, 1830) from North Africa as a model system. Podarcis are not ubiquitous in Africa as they are in Europe, but their ecological and distributional characteristics in this area are poorly known. Our results show that the most important environmental factors related to the distribution of this genus in North Africa are humidity, habitat type, and temperature. The areas of potential distribution predicted by models based on data sets with different precision and clustering characteristics show high relatedness to coastal areas and mountain ranges and extend to areas were presence records for these lizards are lacking. Our comparison of models based on different data sets indicates that finer scale models, even if based on fewer presence locations, outperform coarser scale ones. Data clustering does not have a negative effect on model performance, but is rather overcome by sample-size effects. Similar approaches may be of general application to other stenoic species for which available locations are scarce in comparison with the extension of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kaliontzopoulou
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Département de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences Biologiques et Agronomiques, Université M. Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - J. C. Brito
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Département de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences Biologiques et Agronomiques, Université M. Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - M. A. Carretero
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Département de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences Biologiques et Agronomiques, Université M. Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - S. Larbes
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Département de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences Biologiques et Agronomiques, Université M. Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - D. J. Harris
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Département de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences Biologiques et Agronomiques, Université M. Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
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Carretero M, Llorente G, Kaliontzopoulou A. Interspecific and intersexual variation in presacral vertebrae number in Podarcis bocagei and P. carbonelli. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1163/156853808784125018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPodarcis bocagei and P. carbonelli are two closely related lizard species, endemic to the western Iberian Peninsula. Although genetic and morphological distinction between them is now well established, information on anatomical features is still very restricted. We studied presacral vertebrae number in both species, separately examining cervical and trunk vertebrae counts, in order to assess the interspecific and intersexual variation in these characters. There was no significant interspecific variation among lizards of the same sex for any of the vertebrae counts studied. However, important sexual variation existed, females presenting higher counts than males for both trunk and total presacral vertebrae, while males showed higher values of cervical vertebrae. Although our results lie within the known limits for other closely related species, they reveal that vertebrae number might present higher intraspecific variation than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Carretero
- 1CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Llorente
- 2Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- 3Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;,
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Kaliontzopoulou A, Carretero MA, Llorente GA. Multivariate and geometric morphometrics in the analysis of sexual dimorphism variation inPodarcis lizards. J Morphol 2007; 268:152-65. [PMID: 17236187 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Podarcis bocagei and P. carbonelli are two closely related lacertid species, very similar morphologically and ecologically. We investigated sexual dimorphism patterns presented by both species in allopatry and in sympatry. Sexual size and shape dimorphism patterns were analyzed using both multivariate and geometric morphometric techniques. Multivariate morphometrics revealed a marked sexual dimorphism in both species--males being larger with more robust habitus and females presenting a longer trunk. General patterns of sexual size dimorphism are not modified in sympatry, although there is evidence for some morphological change in male head size. The application of geometric morphometrics offered a more detailed image of head shape and revealed that males present a more developed tympanic area than do females, while females have a more rounded head. Differences in the degree of sexual shape dimorphism were detected in sympatry, but no consistent patterns were observed. From the results of the study, and based on previous knowledge on the populations studied, we conclude that the morphological differences observed are probably not caused by exploitative competition between the species, but rather appear attributable to the modification of the relative influence of sexual and natural selection on both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Carretero MA, Vasconcelos R, Fonseca M, Kaliontzopoulou A, Brito JC, Harris DJ, Perera A. Escape tactics of two syntopic forms of the Lacerta perspicillata complex with different colour patterns. CAN J ZOOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1139/z06-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that dorsal colour patterns and defence strategies could have coevolved in reptiles, the striped species being more prone to flee compared with the spotted species that rely more on crypsis. Because of the confounding effects of phylogeny and habitat, we compared closely related forms that share the same habitats and predation pressures but display different patterns. The spotted (chabanaudi) and the striped (pellegrini) forms of the Lacerta perspicillata (= Teira perspicillata ) Duméril and Bibron, 1839 complex are reproductively isolated in a locality where they live in syntopy. The responses of lizards to a direct attack by a predator, simulated by the approach of a researcher, were investigated. Both forms displayed divergent antipredatory behaviours (escaping and recovering) to optimize survival. Chabanaudi lizards showed longer approach distances and took more time to abandon shelter than pellegrini lizards when the effects of temperature and of distance fled were removed. Reappearance was related with previous flight in chabanaudi but with thermal quality of the refuge in pellegrini. Although both used similar refuges, chabanaudi selected bigger rocks that were less accessible to terrestrial predators but were more prone to bird attacks, whereas pellegrini selected fragmented rocks that faced more terrestrial predation. Our results support the hypothesis of coevolution between pattern and antipredatory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Carretero
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Zoologia–Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. Campus Unamuno s/n, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel Vasconcelos
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Zoologia–Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. Campus Unamuno s/n, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Fonseca
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Zoologia–Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. Campus Unamuno s/n, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Zoologia–Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. Campus Unamuno s/n, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José C. Brito
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Zoologia–Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. Campus Unamuno s/n, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
| | - D. James Harris
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Zoologia–Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. Campus Unamuno s/n, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Anna Perera
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Zoologia–Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca. Campus Unamuno s/n, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
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