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Salazar-Gómez A, Velo-Silvestre AA, Alonso-Castro AJ, Hernández-Zimbrón LF. Medicinal Plants Used for Eye Conditions in Mexico-A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1432. [PMID: 37895904 PMCID: PMC10610470 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been historically significant for treating common human diseases in Mexico. Although some ethnobotanical research exists, limited ethnomedicinal data has documented medicinal plants employed for eye health. This review focuses on ethnomedicinal information and preclinical and clinical studies regarding medicinal plants used in Mexico for treating symptoms associated with eye conditions. An electronic database search was conducted by consulting scientific articles, books about Mexican herbal medicine, and academic theses. This work recorded 69 plant species belonging to 26 plant families, especially plants from the Crassulaceae family, which are used as remedies for irritation and infections in the eye. Eight of these medicinal plants have been the subject of preclinical studies using ocular models, and one medicinal plant has been tested in clinical trials. The evidence of pharmacological effects indicates the promising therapeutic potential of these medicinal plants for developing new treatments for eye conditions. However, toxicological studies are necessary to ensure safe application to the eye, particularly as traditional medicine continues to be relied upon worldwide. In addition, this review highlights the need to perform ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies in Mexico regarding the medicinal flora used as remedies for eye conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Optomtería, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ENES-León UNAM), Blvd. UNAM 2011, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico;
| | - Amabile A. Velo-Silvestre
- Clínica de Optometría, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ENES-León UNAM), Blvd. UNAM 2011, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico;
| | - Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36250, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Hernández-Zimbrón
- Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Área de Optomtería, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ENES-León UNAM), Blvd. UNAM 2011, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico;
- Clínica de Optometría, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ENES-León UNAM), Blvd. UNAM 2011, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico;
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Salazar-Gómez A, Alonso-Castro AJ. Medicinal Plants from Latin America with Wound Healing Activity: Ethnomedicine, Phytochemistry, Preclinical and Clinical Studies—A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091095. [PMID: 36145316 PMCID: PMC9505834 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Latin America is a multicultural region with ancient traditional medicine. There is extensive knowledge of the use of medicinal plants for wound healing in this region. Nevertheless, many of these medicinal plants lack pharmacological, toxicological, and chemical studies. This review focuses on the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological (preclinical and clinical) studies of medicinal plants with wound healing activity, from Latin America. An electronic database search was conducted by consulting scientific articles and books. A total of 305 plant species with wound healing activity were recorded, based on traditional medicine. Most medicinal plants used in wound healing in Latin America are topically administered; their methods of preparation are mainly by water infusion from aerial parts. Only thirty-five percent of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for wound healing have been experimentally validated for their pharmacological effects, and the wound healing activity of five medicinal plants has been studied in clinical trials. In all, 25 compounds (mostly terpenes and flavonoids) have been isolated from medicinal plants with wound healing activity; therefore, extensive work is necessary for a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate the wound healing effects of medicinal plants in Latin America. The mechanism of action of medicinal plants, their toxicological actions on the skin, and their bioactive compounds, have yet to be investigated. This review on the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies, of medicinal plants from Latin America with wound healing activity, offers promising data for further studies, as well as providing new insights into their possible role in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ENES-León UNAM), Blvd. UNAM 2011, Guanajuato 37684, Mexico
| | - Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Colonia Noria Alta Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36250, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-473-732-0006
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Salazar-Gómez A, Vargas-Díaz ME, Meléndez-Camargo ME, Pablo-Pérez SS. Antinociceptive activity of the ethanolic extract of Trixis angustifolia DC. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5813-5816. [PMID: 34963401 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2017931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The antinociceptive activity of the ethanolic extract of Trixis angustifolia DC. (EETx) was investigated using the acetic acid-induced writhing and the hot-plate tests in mice. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, mice treated with EETx (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited reduced writhing (38%, 67%, and 74%, respectively). In the hot-plate test, the three doses administrated increased the nociceptive response time. The phytochemical analysis of EETx led to the isolation of three known compounds, hygric acid (1), 5,6-Dihydroxy-7,8,4'-trimethoxyflavone (2) and xanthomicrol (3). Compound 1 was identified for the first time in this species. These results demonstrate that T. angustifolia has potential central and peripheral antinociceptive effects and support the ethnomedicinal use of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ma Elena Vargas-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Estela Meléndez-Camargo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Saudy Saret Pablo-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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Salazar-Gómez A, Ontiveros-Rodríguez JC, Pablo-Pérez SS, Vargas-Díaz ME, Garduño-Siciliano L. The potential role of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from medicinal plants in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome - A review. S Afr J Bot 2020; 135:240-251. [PMID: 32963416 PMCID: PMC7493762 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of metabolic disorders related to the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In latter years, plant secondary metabolites have become of special interest because of their potential role in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. Sesquiterpene lactones constitute a large and diverse group of biologically active compounds widely distributed in several medicinal plants used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The structural diversity and the broad spectrum of biological activities of these compounds drew significant interests in the pharmacological applications. This review describes selected sesquiterpene lactones that have been experimentally validated for their biological activities related to risk factors of metabolic syndrome, together with their mechanisms of action. The potential beneficial effects of sesquiterpene lactones discussed in this review demonstrate that these substances represent remarkable compounds with a diversity of molecular structure and high biological activity, providing new insights into the possible role in metabolic syndrome management.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin I-converting enzyme
- AMPK, activated protein kinase
- APOC3, apolipoprotein C3
- AT, adipose tissue
- Antidiabetic
- CAT, catalase
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FFA, free fatty acids
- FN, fibronectin
- G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase
- GK, glucokinase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol
- Hypoglycemic
- Hypolipidemic
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IR, insulin resistance
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
- Medicinal plants
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SLns, sesquiterpene lactones
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Sesquiterpene lactones
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta
- TLRs, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julio C Ontiveros-Rodríguez
- CONACYT - Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-1, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Saudy S Pablo-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M Elena Vargas-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Salazar-Gómez A, Sánchez-Chávez AC, Zepeda-Vallejo G, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Garduño-Siciliano L, Vargas-Díaz E. Hypolipidemic Effect of Trixis angustifoliaAqueous Extract on Triton WR-1339- and High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19864218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of Trixis angustifolia aqueous extract (TxAE) on Triton WR-1339- and high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. In the Triton model, treatment with TxAE at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight produced a significant decrease in triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein levels and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Similarly, administration of TxAE along with the high-fat diet induced a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and increase in HDL. In addition, a phytochemical study of TxAE led to the isolation of 2 previously described compounds: pebrellin and xanthomicrol. This is the first time that these compounds have been identified in a plant extract with hypolipidemic effect. The results suggest the possible therapeutic potential of TxAE as a hypolipidemic agent supporting the usage of T. angustifolia as a traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Laboratorio de toxicología de productos naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí C. Sánchez-Chávez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Laboratorio de toxicología de productos naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
- Laboratorio de toxicología de productos naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Vargas-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Salazar-Gómez A, Vargas-Díaz ME, Garduño-Siciliano L. Hypoglycemic potential of Trixis angustifolia aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. BANGL J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v14i2.39254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic potential of Trixis angustifolia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. An intragastric adminis-tration of the aqueous extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) prepared from the aerial parts of T. angustifolia was evaluated. The treatment with the extract at 100 mg/kg produced a significant lowered (30.5%) of the blood glucose levels in diabetic mice after 15 days of daily oral administration. In addition, the extract induced a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein whereas increased the high-density lipoprotein level. Additionally, the presence of alkaloids, cumarins, saponins, flavonoids and reducing sugars were identified in the extract. These findings provide a basis explain-ing the traditional folk medicine use of this plant as a hypoglycemic agent by the Mexican people.
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Rojas-Rojas FU, Salazar-Gómez A, Vargas-Díaz ME, Vásquez-Murrieta MS, Hirsch AM, De Mot R, Ghequire MGK, Ibarra JA, Estrada-de los Santos P. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity by Burkholderia cenocepacia TAtl-371, a strain isolated from the tomato rhizosphere. Microbiology (Reading) 2018; 164:1072-1086. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Uriel Rojas-Rojas
- 1Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo. México, Cd. de, México
| | - Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- 1Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo. México, Cd. de, México
| | - María Elena Vargas-Díaz
- 1Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo. México, Cd. de, México
| | - María Soledad Vásquez-Murrieta
- 1Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo. México, Cd. de, México
| | - Ann M. Hirsch
- 2Dept. of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- 3Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - René De Mot
- 4Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001, Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten G. K. Ghequire
- 4Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001, Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Antonio Ibarra
- 1Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo. México, Cd. de, México
| | - Paulina Estrada-de los Santos
- 1Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo. México, Cd. de, México
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Sánchez-Chávez AC, Salazar-Gómez A, Zepeda-Vallejo LG, Hernández de Jesús MDL, Quintos-Escalante M, Vargas-Díaz ME, Luna-Herrera J. Trixis angustifolia hexanic extract displays synergistic antibacterial activity against M. tuberculosis. Nat Prod Res 2017; 33:1477-1481. [PMID: 29277116 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1416381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical and antibacterial study of Trixis angustifolia, a species endemic to Mexico, was performed allowing the isolation of six flavones. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the hexanic extract, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was 25 μg/mL. The hexanic extract caused a significant inhibition of intracellular mycobacterial growth at 12.5 μg/mL. The biodirected assay of hexane extract enabled the detection of an active fraction (AF) against M. tuberculosis (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL), and a major flavone 1 (pebrellin) with no antimycobacterial activity (MIC > 200 μg/mL). A subsequent combination antimicrobial assay showed a synergistic antimycobacterial effect of AF in combination with pebrellin; the results of the synergistic activity suggest that the antimycobacterial activity found in T. angustifolia is due to the combined action of diverse metabolites present in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí C Sánchez-Chávez
- a Departamento de Química Orgánica , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- b Departamento de Farmacia , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Ciudad de México México
| | - L Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo
- a Departamento de Química Orgánica , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Ciudad de México , México
| | - María de L Hernández de Jesús
- b Departamento de Farmacia , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Ciudad de México México
| | - Manuel Quintos-Escalante
- d Laboratorio de Microbiología , CIIDIR, Unidad Durango, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Durango , México
| | - Ma Elena Vargas-Díaz
- a Departamento de Química Orgánica , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Julieta Luna-Herrera
- c Departamento de Inmunología , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Ciudad de México , México
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