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Cholon DM, Greenwald MA, Higgs MG, Quinney NL, Boyles SE, Meinig SL, Minges JT, Chaubal A, Tarran R, Ribeiro CMP, Wolfgang MC, Gentzsch M. A Novel Co-Culture Model Reveals Enhanced CFTR Rescue in Primary Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cultures with Persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. Cells 2023; 12:2618. [PMID: 37998353 PMCID: PMC10670530 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
People with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) suffer from chronic and recurring bacterial lung infections that begin very early in life and contribute to progressive lung failure. CF is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which encodes an ion channel important for maintaining the proper hydration of pulmonary surfaces. When CFTR function is ablated or impaired, airways develop thickened, adherent mucus that contributes to a vicious cycle of infection and inflammation. Therapeutics for pwCF, called CFTR modulators, target the CFTR defect directly, restoring airway surface hydration and mucociliary clearance. However, even with CFTR modulator therapy, bacterial infections persist. To develop a relevant model of diseased airway epithelium, we established a primary human airway epithelium culture system with persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. We used this model to examine the effects of CFTR modulators on CFTR maturation, CFTR function, and bacterial persistence. We found that the presence of P. aeruginosa increased CFTR mRNA, protein, and function. We also found that CFTR modulators caused a decrease in P. aeruginosa burden. These results demonstrate the importance of including live bacteria to accurately model the CF lung, and that understanding the effects of infection on CFTR rescue by CFTR modulators is critical to evaluating and optimizing drug therapies for all pwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M. Cholon
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Matthew A. Greenwald
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew G. Higgs
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nancy L. Quinney
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Susan E. Boyles
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Suzanne L. Meinig
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Pharmaceutical Product Development (PPD), Thermo Fisher Scientific, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - John T. Minges
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Ashlesha Chaubal
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Division of Genetic, Department of Internal Medicine, Environmental and Inhalational Disease, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Carla M. P. Ribeiro
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew C. Wolfgang
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Chaubal A, Waldern JM, Taylor C, Laederach A, Marzluff WF, Duronio RJ. Coordinated expression of replication-dependent histone genes from multiple loci promotes histone homeostasis in Drosophila. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar118. [PMID: 37647143 PMCID: PMC10846616 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-11-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of large amounts of histone proteins during S phase is critical for proper chromatin formation and genome integrity. This process is achieved in part by the presence of multiple copies of replication dependent (RD) histone genes that occur in one or more clusters in metazoan genomes. In addition, RD histone gene clusters are associated with a specialized nuclear body, the histone locus body (HLB), which facilitates efficient transcription and 3' end-processing of RD histone mRNA. How all five RD histone genes within these clusters are coordinately regulated such that neither too few nor too many histones are produced, a process referred to as histone homeostasis, is not fully understood. Here, we explored the mechanisms of coordinate regulation between multiple RD histone loci in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis. We provide evidence for functional competition between endogenous and ectopic transgenic histone arrays located at different chromosomal locations in D. melanogaster that helps maintain proper histone mRNA levels. Consistent with this model, in both species we found that individual histone gene arrays can independently assemble an HLB that results in active histone transcription. Our findings suggest a role for HLB assembly in coordinating RD histone gene expression to maintain histone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Chaubal
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Justin M. Waldern
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Colin Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Alain Laederach
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - William F. Marzluff
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Robert J. Duronio
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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3
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Mitra A, Vo L, Soukar I, Chaubal A, Greenberg ML, Pile LA. Isoforms of the transcriptional cofactor SIN3 differentially regulate genes necessary for energy metabolism and cell survival. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2022; 1869:119322. [PMID: 35820484 PMCID: PMC10557476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The SIN3 scaffolding protein is a conserved transcriptional regulator known to fine-tune gene expression. In Drosophila, there are two major isoforms of SIN3, SIN3 220 and SIN3 187, which each assemble into multi-subunit histone modifying complexes. The isoforms have distinct developmental expression patterns and non-redundant functions. Gene regulatory network analyses indicate that both isoforms affect genes encoding proteins in pathways such as the cell cycle and cell morphogenesis. Interestingly, the SIN3 187 isoform uniquely regulates a subset of pathways including post-embryonic development, phosphate metabolism and apoptosis. Target genes in the phosphate metabolism pathway include nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes coding for proteins responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we investigate the physiological effects of SIN3 isoforms on energy metabolism and cell survival. We find that ectopic expression of SIN3 187 represses expression of several nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes affecting production of ATP and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Forced expression of SIN3 187 also activates several pro-apoptotic and represses a few anti-apoptotic genes. In the SIN3 187 expressing cells, these gene expression patterns are accompanied with an increased sensitivity to paraquat-mediated oxidative stress. These findings indicate that SIN3 187 influences the regulation of mitochondrial function, apoptosis and oxidative stress response in ways that are dissimilar from SIN3 220. The data suggest that the distinct SIN3 histone modifying complexes are deployed in different cellular contexts to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Mitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Linh Vo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Imad Soukar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Ashlesha Chaubal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America; Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Lori A Pile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America.
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Koreski KP, Rieder LE, McLain LM, Chaubal A, Marzluff WF, Duronio RJ. Drosophila histone locus body assembly and function involves multiple interactions. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1525-1537. [PMID: 32401666 PMCID: PMC7359574 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-03-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone locus body (HLB) assembles at replication-dependent (RD) histone loci and concentrates factors required for RD histone mRNA biosynthesis. The Drosophila melanogaster genome has a single locus comprised of ∼100 copies of a tandemly arrayed 5-kB repeat unit containing one copy of each of the 5 RD histone genes. To determine sequence elements required for D. melanogaster HLB formation and histone gene expression, we used transgenic gene arrays containing 12 copies of the histone repeat unit that functionally complement loss of the ∼200 endogenous RD histone genes. A 12x histone gene array in which all H3-H4 promoters were replaced with H2a-H2b promoters (12xPR) does not form an HLB or express high levels of RD histone mRNA in the presence of the endogenous histone genes. In contrast, this same transgenic array is active in HLB assembly and RD histone gene expression in the absence of the endogenous RD histone genes and rescues the lethality caused by homozygous deletion of the RD histone locus. The HLB formed in the absence of endogenous RD histone genes on the mutant 12x array contains all known factors present in the wild-type HLB including CLAMP, which normally binds to GAGA repeats in the H3-H4 promoter. These data suggest that multiple protein–protein and/or protein–DNA interactions contribute to HLB formation, and that the large number of endogenous RD histone gene copies sequester available factor(s) from attenuated transgenic arrays, thereby preventing HLB formation and gene expression on these arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin P Koreski
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Leila E Rieder
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Lyndsey M McLain
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ashlesha Chaubal
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - William F Marzluff
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Robert J Duronio
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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5
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Chaubal A, Pile LA. Same agent, different messages: insight into transcriptional regulation by SIN3 isoforms. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:17. [PMID: 29665841 PMCID: PMC5902990 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SIN3 is a global transcriptional coregulator that governs expression of a large repertoire of gene targets. It is an important player in gene regulation, which can repress or activate diverse gene targets in a context-dependent manner. SIN3 is required for several vital biological processes such as cell proliferation, energy metabolism, organ development, and cellular senescence. The functional flexibility of SIN3 arises from its ability to interact with a large variety of partners through protein interaction domains that are conserved across species, ranging from yeast to mammals. Several isoforms of SIN3 are present in these different species that can perform common and specialized functions through interactions with distinct enzymes and DNA-binding partners. Although SIN3 has been well studied due to its wide-ranging functions and highly conserved interaction domains, precise roles of individual SIN3 isoforms have received less attention. In this review, we discuss the differences in structure and function of distinct SIN3 isoforms and provide possible avenues to understand the complete picture of regulation by SIN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Chaubal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Lori A Pile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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6
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Chaubal A, Todi SV, Pile LA. Inter-isoform-dependent Regulation of the Drosophila Master Transcriptional Regulator SIN3. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11566-71. [PMID: 27129248 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c116.724799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SIN3 is a transcriptional corepressor that acts as a scaffold for a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex. The SIN3 complex regulates various biological processes, including organ development, cell proliferation, and energy metabolism. Little is known, however, about the regulation of SIN3 itself. There are two major isoforms of Drosophila SIN3, 187 and 220, which are differentially expressed. Intrigued by the developmentally timed exchange of SIN3 isoforms, we examined whether SIN3 187 controls the fate of the 220 counterpart. Here, we show that in developing tissue, there is interplay between SIN3 isoforms: when SIN3 187 protein levels increase, SIN3 220 protein decreases concomitantly. SIN3 187 has a dual effect on SIN3 220. Expression of 187 leads to reduced 220 transcript, while also increasing the turnover of SIN3 220 protein by the proteasome. These data support the presence of a novel, inter-isoform-dependent mechanism that regulates the amount of SIN3 protein, and potentially the level of specific SIN3 complexes, during distinct developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Chaubal
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 and
| | - Sokol V Todi
- the Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Lori A Pile
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 and
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7
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Ramya P, Chaubal A, Kulkarni K, Gupta L, Kadoo N, Dhaliwal HS, Chhuneja P, Lagu M, Gupta V. QTL mapping of 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Appl Genet 2011; 51:421-9. [PMID: 21063060 DOI: 10.1007/bf03208872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kernel size and morphology influence the market value and milling yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling kernel traits in hexaploid wheat. We recorded 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width for 185 recombinant inbred lines from the cross Rye Selection 111 × Chinese Spring grown in 2 agro-climatic regions in India for many years. Composite interval mapping (CIM) was employed for QTL detection using a linkage map with 169 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. For 1000-kernel weight, 10 QTLs were identified on wheat chromosomes 1A, 1D, 2B, 2D, 4B, 5B, and 6B, whereas 6 QTLs for kernel length were detected on 1A, 2B, 2D, 5A, 5B and 5D. Chromosomes 1D, 2B, 2D, 4B, 5B and 5D had 9 QTLs for kernel width. Chromosomal regions with QTLs detected consistently for multiple year-location combinations were identified for each trait. Pleiotropic QTLs were found on chromosomes 2B, 2D, 4B, and 5B. The identified genomic regions controlling wheat kernel size and shape can be targeted during further studies for their genetic dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ramya
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Maharashtra, India
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8
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test a new fixative system (Roche Image Analysis System, Inc. [RIAS]) that may create a background free of blood and blood products, and to determine if the CytoRich Red system has a potential for automation of nongynecologic cytology. We compared the amount of red blood cells, background material and diagnostic ability in 40 bloody specimens prepared using the CytoRich Red system and our routine fixative, Cytospin Collection Fluid (Shandon, Inc.). STUDY DESIGN Thirty bloody, nongynecologic specimens and 10 fresh FNA surgical specimens were prepared by adding specimen to equal volumes (10 mL) of CytoRich Red Fixative and Cytospin Collection Fluid. After initial centrifugation, the specimens were resuspended and cytocentrifuged using the Cytospin III (Shandon, Inc.) and the Hettich Universal cytocentrifuge. To test system dependency, specimens from each fixative were prepared using the alternate method of cytocentrifugation. Slides from both fixatives were stained, coverslipped and reviewed for the presence of red blood cells, background and diagnostic ability. RESULTS Of the 40 CytoRich Red specimens, 92.5% (37) had little or no red blood cells as compared to 22.5% (9) of the 40 Cytospin Collection Fluid specimens. Seventy five percent (30) of the 40 CytoRich Red specimens showed reduction of background material in contrast to 15% (6) of the 40 Cytospin Collection Fluid specimens. Diagnostic ability using CytoRich Red was enhanced by the reduction of red blood cells and background material. CytoRich Red performed equally as well with each cytocentrifugation device. CONCLUSION CytoRich Red reduces red blood cells and background. Nuclear and cytoplasmic stain appear improved. This allows better evaluation of the cytologic features and interpretation of bloody specimens. It is non-system dependent and can be used with any method of preparation. Also, the reduction of background and blood lends itself to adaptation in the automation of nongynecologic cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Weidmann
- Department of Cytopathology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Abstract
CD34 is a sialylated transmembrane glycoprotein of unknown function that is present in myeloid progenitor cells, endothelial cells, and some fibroblast-related mesenchymal cells. However, its tissue distribution is still incompletely characterized. In this study we evaluated the distribution of CD34 antigen in tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system. For comparison the tumors were also stained for CD31, also known as platelet-endothelium cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), a transmembrane glycoprotein so far considered to be endothelium specific beyond its reactivity with certain hematopoietic cells. Neurofibromas showed consistently high numbers of CD34-positive spindle cells, whereas peripheral and acoustic schwannomas were negative. A subset of meningiomas (15%) showed CD34-positive tumor cells, and some were also weakly positive for CD31. Gliomas were negative. Meningeal hemangiopericytomas were consistently CD34 positive, but CD31 negative. These results indicate a moderately widespread distribution of the CD34 antigen in nervous system tumors, and necessitate caution in making conclusions regarding endothelial cell differentiation of nervous system tumors on the basis of CD34 immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chaubal
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Miettinen M, Lindenmayer AE, Chaubal A. Endothelial cell markers CD31, CD34, and BNH9 antibody to H- and Y-antigens--evaluation of their specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of vascular tumors and comparison with von Willebrand factor. Mod Pathol 1994; 7:82-90. [PMID: 7512718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sixty vascular tumors including 23 angiosarcomas, 300 nonvascular tumors, and selected normal tissues were immunohistochemically evaluated with antibodies to CD31, CD34, and von Willebrand factor (vWF), and monoclonal antibody BNH9, to test the sensitivity and specificity of these markers in the identification of endothelial cells and vascular tumors. Formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and avidin biotin complex immunostaining were used. All markers labeled normal vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells approximately equally with the exception of CD34 which showed inconsistent expression within the lymphatics. In addition, antibody to CD31 reacted with platelets and megakaryocytes, CD34 with fibroblasts and aortic smooth muscle cells, and BNH9 with many epithelial cells including squamous and gastrointestinal epithelia. Antibody to vWF often showed significant stromal background staining which made the staining occasionally uninterpretable. Benign vascular tumors showed rather uniform staining with all antibodies. However, angiosarcomas were heterogeneous; CD31 was positive in 21/27, CD34 in 25/27 cases, BNH9 in 22/25, and vWF in 18/27 cases. Epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas showed consistent labeling for vWF, but were inconsistently labeled with antibodies to the other markers. Kaposi's sarcoma was positive for both CD31 and CD34. In addition, antibody to CD34 labeled the tumor cells in hemangiopericytoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, meningioma, most epithelioid sarcomas, dermatofibrosarcomas, and in a few other sarcomas. CD31, in turn, was not found in sarcomas other than angiosarcomas, but labeled weakly occasional carcinomas and mesotheliomas. Many adenocarcinomas and the glandular component of synovial sarcoma were BNH9 positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miettinen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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