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Belleville S, Cuesta M, Bieler-Aeschlimann M, Giacomino K, Widmer A, Hager AGM, Perez-Marcos D, Cardin S, Boller B, Bier N, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Bherer L, Berryman N, Agrigoroaei S, Demonet JF. Correction to: Pre-frail older adults show improved cognition with StayFitLonger computerized home-based training: a randomized controlled trial. GeroScience 2023; 45:3099-3100. [PMID: 37458935 PMCID: PMC10643781 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Belleville
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada.
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - M Cuesta
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - M Bieler-Aeschlimann
- Leenaards Memory Centre and Infections Disease Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- MindMaze SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Giacomino
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Health Sciences, Loèche-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - A Widmer
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Management, Sierre, Switzerland
| | - A G Mittaz Hager
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Health Sciences, Loèche-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | | | - S Cardin
- MindMaze SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Boller
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, Canada
| | - N Bier
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - M Aubertin-Leheudre
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - L Bherer
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Montréal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - N Berryman
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - S Agrigoroaei
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J F Demonet
- Leenaards Memory Centre and Infections Disease Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Raymaker DM, Scharer M, Miller R, Widmer A, Posadas DL, Keller TE. Community-based participatory research to improve alumni transition from an intensive research training program for historically underrepresented undergraduates. J Women Minor Sci Eng 2023; 29:29-54. [PMID: 37593076 PMCID: PMC10434840 DOI: 10.1615/jwomenminorscieneng.2022043449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Various initiatives for undergraduates from historically underrepresented backgrounds attempt to address disparities in the completion of science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM) degrees and the pursuit of careers in scientific research. Intensive research training programs for historically underrepresented undergraduates may include multiple components, such as authentic research experiences, advising and mentoring, supplemental curriculum, and financial assistance. Following comprehensive support during program participation, the post-program transition may present a vulnerable period in students' career trajectories. This study used a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to investigate the experiences of students completing an intensive research training program to understand and develop recommendations for the post-program transition process. As a team of program alumni, academic researchers, and program staff, we developed, conducted, and analyzed semi-structured, open-ended interviews of recent program alumni and students approaching program completion (n=11; 55% female, 55% non-White). Applying thematic analysis at semantic and latent levels through a critical paradigm revealed the transition as a bittersweet experience, with feelings of pride and accomplishment mixed with sadness and anxiety. Findings also suggested the transition is described as a narrative influenced by preceding program experiences and adaptations. Financial concerns were prominent, and specific barriers and facilitators of successful transition included: aligned mentoring, negotiation of continued research employment, consideration of culture, planning for next steps, and engagement with the scholar community. Collaboratively, we developed recommendations for program improvements potentially relevant to similarly intensive STEM diversity programs. We also highlight the value of a CBPR approach that includes students equitably as co-researchers in program research and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora M. Raymaker
- Regional Research Institute, School of Social Work, Portland State University, 1600 SW 4 Avenue, Suite 900, Portland OR 97201
| | - Mirah Scharer
- Regional Research Institute, School of Social Work, Portland State University, 1600 SW 4 Avenue, Suite 900, Portland OR 97201
| | - Rebecca Miller
- Regional Research Institute, School of Social Work, Portland State University, 1600 SW 4 Avenue, Suite 900, Portland OR 97201
- Center for Interdisciplinary Mentoring Research, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10 Avenue, Portland, OR 97201
| | | | | | - Thomas E. Keller
- Regional Research Institute, School of Social Work, Portland State University, 1600 SW 4 Avenue, Suite 900, Portland OR 97201
- Center for Interdisciplinary Mentoring Research, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10 Avenue, Portland, OR 97201
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Belleville S, Cuesta M, Bieler-Aeschlimann M, Giacomino K, Widmer A, Mittaz Hager AG, Perez-Marcos D, Cardin S, Boller B, Bier N, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Bherer L, Berryman N, Agrigoroaei S, Demonet JF. Pre-frail older adults show improved cognition with StayFitLonger computerized home-based training: a randomized controlled trial. GeroScience 2022; 45:811-822. [PMID: 36266559 PMCID: PMC9589849 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidomain interventions have shown tremendous potential for improving cognition in older adults. It is unclear if multidomain interventions can be delivered remotely and whether remote intervention is beneficial for older adults who are vulnerable or at risk of cognitive decline. In a 26-week multi-site, home-based, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 120 cognitively healthy older adults (75 robust, 45 pre-frail; age range = 60-94) recruited from Switzerland, Canada, and Belgium were randomized to receive either the StayFitLonger (SFL) computerized multidomain training program or an active control intervention. Delivered on tablets, the SFL intervention combined adapted physical exercises (strength, balance, and mobility), cognitive training (divided attention, problem solving, and memory), opportunities for social and contributive interactions, and psychoeducation. The active control intervention provided basic mobilization exercises and access to video games. Cognitive outcomes were global cognition (Z-scores of attention, verbal fluency, and episodic memory for nondemented older adults; ZAVEN), memory, executive function, and processing speed. Linear mixed model analyses indicated improved performance on the ZAVEN global cognition score in the SFL group but not in the active control group. Stratified analyses by frailty status revealed improved ZAVEN global cognition and processing speed scores following SFL in the pre-frail group but not in the robust group. Overall, the study indicates that a computerized program providing a multidomain intervention at home can improve cognition in older adults. Importantly, pre-frail individuals, who are at higher risk of cognitive decline, seem to benefit more from the intervention. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT037519 Registered on January 22, 2020-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04237519 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Belleville
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3W 1W5, Canada. .,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - M. Cuesta
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L’Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 Canada
| | - M. Bieler-Aeschlimann
- Leenaards Memory Centre and Infections Disease Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland ,MindMaze, SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K. Giacomino
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Health Sciences, Loèche-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - A. Widmer
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Management, Sierre, Switzerland
| | - A. G. Mittaz Hager
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Health Sciences, Loèche-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | | | | | - B. Boller
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L’Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 Canada ,Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, Canada
| | - N. Bier
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L’Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 Canada ,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - M. Aubertin-Leheudre
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L’Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 Canada ,Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - L. Bherer
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L’Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 Canada ,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada ,Montréal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - N. Berryman
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-L’Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Queen-Mary Road, Montreal, Quebec H3W 1W5 Canada ,Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - S. Agrigoroaei
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J. F. Demonet
- Leenaards Memory Centre and Infections Disease Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Francian A, Widmer A, Olsson T, Ramirez M, Heald D, Rasic K, Adams L, Martinson H, Kullberg M. Delivery of toll-like receptor agonists by complement C3-targeted liposomes activates immune cells and reduces tumour growth. J Drug Target 2021; 29:754-760. [PMID: 33472457 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1878364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of antigen presenting cells (APCs) is necessary for immune recognition and elimination of cancer. Our lab has developed a liposome nanoparticle that binds to complement C3 proteins present in serum. These C3-liposomes are specifically internalised by APCs and other myeloid cells, which express complement C3-binding receptors. Known immune stimulating compounds, toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, were encapsulated within the C3-liposomes, including monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), R848, and CpG 1826, specific for TLR4, TLR7/8, and TLR9 respectively. When recognised by their respective TLRs within the myeloid cells, these compounds trigger signal cascades that ultimately lead to increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and activation markers (CD80, CD83, CD86 and CD40). RT-PCR analysis of murine bone marrow cells treated with C3-liposomes revealed a significant increase in gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IRF7, and IP-10). Furthermore, treatment of 4T1 tumour-bearing mice with C3-liposomes containing TLR agonists resulted in reduced tumour growth, compared to PBS treated mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate that C3-liposome delivery of TLR agonists activates APCs and induces tumour-specific adaptive immune responses, leading to reduced tumour growth in a breast cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Francian
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Ashley Widmer
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Troy Olsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Marisabel Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Darion Heald
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Keaton Rasic
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Luke Adams
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Holly Martinson
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Max Kullberg
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
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5
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Belleville S, Cuesta M, Bieler-Aeschlimann M, Giacomino K, Widmer A, Mittaz Hager AG, Perez-Marcos D, Cardin S, Boller B, Bier N, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Bherer L, Berryman N, Agrigoroaei S, Demonet JF. Rationale and protocol of the StayFitLonger study: a multicentre trial to measure efficacy and adherence of a home-based computerised multidomain intervention in healthy older adults. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:315. [PMID: 32859156 PMCID: PMC7453698 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In older adults, multidomain training that includes physical and cognitive activities has been associated with improvement of physical and cognitive health. The goal of the multisite StayFitLonger study is to assess a home-based computerised training programme, which combines physical exercises, stimulating cognitive activities and virtual coaching. Methods One hundred twenty-eight cognitively healthy older adults will be recruited from the community in Switzerland, Canada and Belgium. The study will comprise (1) a 26-week double-blind randomized controlled efficacy trial and (2) a 22-week pragmatic adherence sub-study. In the efficacy trial, participants will be randomly assigned to an experimental or an active control intervention. In the experimental intervention, participants will use the StayFitLonger programme, which is computerised on a tablet and provides content that combines physical activities with a focus on strength and balance, as well as divided attention, problem solving and memory training. Outcomes will be measured before and after 26 weeks of training. The primary efficacy outcome will be performance on the “Timed-Up & Go” test. Secondary outcomes will include measures of frailty, cognition, mood, fear of falling, quality of life, and activities of daily living. Age, sex, education, baseline cognition, expectation, and adherence will be used as moderators of efficacy. Following the 26-week efficacy trial, all participants will use the experimental programme meaning that participants in the control group will ‘cross over’ to receive the StayFitLonger programme for 22 weeks. Adherence will be measured in both groups based on dose, volume and frequency of use. In addition, participants’ perception of the programme and its functionalities will be characterised through usability, acceptability and user experience. Discussion This study will determine the efficacy, adherence and participants’ perception of a home-based multidomain intervention programme and its functionalities. This will allow for further development and possible commercialization of a scientifically validated training programme. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04237519 Registered on January 22, 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belleville
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada. .,Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - M Cuesta
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - M Bieler-Aeschlimann
- Leenaards Memory Centre, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,MindMaze SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Giacomino
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Health Sciences, Loèche-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - A Widmer
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Managment, Sierre, Switzerland
| | - A G Mittaz Hager
- HES-SO Valais-Wallis, School of Health Sciences, Loèche-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | | | - S Cardin
- MindMaze SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Boller
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - N Bier
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Aubertin-Leheudre
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - L Bherer
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - N Berryman
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 4565, Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec, H3W 1W5, Canada.,Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - S Agrigoroaei
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J F Demonet
- Leenaards Memory Centre, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Deodhar A, Mease PJ, McInnes IB, Baraliakos X, Reich K, Blauvelt A, Leonardi C, Porter B, Das Gupta A, Widmer A, Pricop L, Fox T. Long-term safety of secukinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis: integrated pooled clinical trial and post-marketing surveillance data. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:111. [PMID: 31046809 PMCID: PMC6498580 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secukinumab, a fully human immunoglobulin G1-kappa monoclonal antibody that directly inhibits interleukin (IL)-17A, has been shown to have robust efficacy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) demonstrating a rapid onset of action and sustained long-term clinical responses with a consistently favorable safety profile in multiple Phase 2 and 3 trials. Here, we report longer-term pooled safety and tolerability data for secukinumab across three indications (up to 5 years of treatment in PsO and PsA; up to 4 years in AS). METHODS The integrated clinical trial safety dataset included data pooled from 21 randomized controlled clinical trials of secukinumab 300 or 150 or 75 mg in PsO (14 Phase 3 trials and 1 Phase 4 trial), PsA (3 Phase 3 trials), and AS (3 Phase 3 trials), along with post-marketing safety surveillance data with a cut-off date of June 25, 2017. Adverse events (AEs) were reported as exposure-adjusted incident rates (EAIRs) per 100 patient-years. Analyses included all patients who received ≥ 1 dose of secukinumab. RESULTS A total of 5181, 1380, and 794 patients from PsO, PsA, and AS clinical trials representing secukinumab exposures of 10,416.9, 3866.9, and 1943.1 patient-years, respectively, and post-marketing data from patients with a cumulative exposure to secukinumab of ~ 96,054 patient-years were included in the analysis. The most frequent AE was upper respiratory tract infection. EAIRs across PsO, PsA, and AS indications were generally low for serious infections (1.4, 1.9, and 1.2, respectively), Candida infections (2.2, 1.5, and 0.7, respectively), inflammatory bowel disease (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1, respectively), and major adverse cardiac events (0.3, 0.4, and 0.6, respectively). No cases of tuberculosis reactivation were reported. The incidence of treatment-emergent anti-drug antibodies was low with secukinumab across all studies, with no discernible loss of efficacy, unexpected alterations in pharmacokinetics, or association with immunogenicity-related AEs. CONCLUSIONS Secukinumab demonstrated a favorable safety profile over long-term treatment in patients with PsO, PsA, and AS. This comprehensive assessment demonstrated that the safety profile of secukinumab was consistent with previous reports in patients with PsO, PsA, and AS, supporting its long-term use in these chronic conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/diagnosis
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/drug therapy
- Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic/methods
- Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic/methods
- Humans
- Product Surveillance, Postmarketing/methods
- Product Surveillance, Postmarketing/trends
- Psoriasis/diagnosis
- Psoriasis/drug therapy
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods
- Severity of Illness Index
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/diagnosis
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Deodhar
- Division of Arthritis & Rheumatic Diseases (OP-09), Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098 USA
| | - P. J. Mease
- Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - X. Baraliakos
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - K. Reich
- Translational Research in Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Skinflammation® Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Dermatologikum Berlin, Berlinermatologikum Berlin and SCIderm Research Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Blauvelt
- Oregon Medical Research Center, Portland, USA
| | - C. Leonardi
- Saint Louis University Health Science Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - B. Porter
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, USA
| | - A. Das Gupta
- Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | - A. Widmer
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Pricop
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, USA
| | - T. Fox
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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Tartari E, Weterings V, Gastmeier P, Rodríguez Baño J, Widmer A, Kluytmans J, Voss A. Patient engagement with surgical site infection prevention: an expert panel perspective. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:45. [PMID: 28507731 PMCID: PMC5427557 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable developments in the use of surgical techniques, ergonomic advancements in the operating room, and implementation of bundles, surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a substantial burden, associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. National and international recommendations to prevent SSIs have been published, including recent guidelines by the World Health Organization, but implementation into clinical practice remains an unresolved issue. SSI improvement programs require an integrative approach with measures taken during the pre-, intra- and postoperative care from the numerous stakeholders involved. The current SSI prevention strategies have focused mainly on the role of healthcare workers (HCWs) and procedure related risk factors. The importance and influence of patient participation is becoming an increasingly important concept and advocated as a means to improve patient safety. Novel interventions supporting an active participative role within SSI prevention programs have not been assessed. Empowering patients with information they require to engage in the process of SSI prevention could play a major role for the implementation of recommendations. Based on available scientific evidence, a panel of experts evaluated options for patient involvement in order to provide pragmatic recommendations for pre-, intra- and postoperative activities for the prevention of SSIs. Recommendations were based on existing guidelines and expert opinion. As a result, 9 recommendations for the surgical patient are presented here, including a practice brief in the form of a patient information leaflet. HCWs can use this information to educate patients and allow patient engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tartari
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Weterings
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Gastmeier
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charite ´ University Medicine in Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Rodríguez Baño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - A Widmer
- University Hospital and University of Basel, Division of infectious diseases & hospital epidemiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Kluytmans
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Voss
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Scheithauer S, Batzer B, Dangel M, Passweg J, Widmer A. Workload even affects hand hygiene in a highly trained and well-staffed setting: a prospective 365/7/24 observational study. J Hosp Infect 2017; 97:11-16. [PMID: 28389091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compliance with hand hygiene (HH) has often not proved satisfactory; high workload is a commonly self-reported reason. Previous studies comparing workload and compliance have not measured workload precisely and have focused on certain times of day. This study aimed to investigate the association between HH compliance and workload, both electronically defined 365/7/24 (primary endpoint). In addition, the quality of commonly used compliance defining methods (hand disinfectant usage, direct observation) was investigated (secondary endpoint). MATERIALS AND METHODS Correlation of electronically measured HH compliance (hand-rub activities (HRA)/HH opportunities) with electronically determined workload (nursing time output/nursing time input) was undertaken over one year at a stem cell transplant unit at University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. HRA and procedures requiring HRA according to the five World Health Organization indications were recorded continuously (365/7/24) using electronic dispensers and electronic documentation, and compliance was calculated accordingly. Hand disinfectant usage was calculated using spending records for one year; direct observation was performed for approximately 1800 HH opportunities. RESULTS During the investigation, 208,184 HRA, translating into 57 [standard deviation (SD) 10] HRA/patient-day (PD), were performed. Electronically determined compliance ranged from 24% to 66% [mean 42.39% (SD 8%)]. The higher the workload, the lower the compliance (R=-0.411; P<0.001). HRA/PD (r=-0.037), hand disinfectant usage (mean 160mL/PD) and observed compliance (95%; 1734 HRA/1813 HH opportunities) were not found to be associated with workload. CONCLUSION Calculated compliance was inversely associated with nurses' workload. HRA/PD, observer-determined compliance and amount of disinfectant dispensed were used as surrogates for compliance, but did not correlate with actual compliance and thus should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scheithauer
- Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Goettingen, University Goettingen, Germany; Infectious Diseases, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - B Batzer
- Infectious Diseases, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Dangel
- Infectious Diseases, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Passweg
- Clinic for Haematology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Widmer
- Infectious Diseases, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Rellstab C, Fischer MC, Zoller S, Graf R, Tedder A, Shimizu KK, Widmer A, Holderegger R, Gugerli F. Local adaptation (mostly) remains local: reassessing environmental associations of climate-related candidate SNPs in Arabidopsis halleri. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 118:193-201. [PMID: 27703154 PMCID: PMC5234484 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous landscape genomic studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes potentially involved in local adaptation. Rarely, it has been explicitly evaluated whether these environmental associations also hold true beyond the populations studied. We tested whether putatively adaptive SNPs in Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae), characterized in a previous study investigating local adaptation to a highly heterogeneous environment, show the same environmental associations in an independent, geographically enlarged set of 18 populations. We analysed new SNP data of 444 plants with the same methodology (partial Mantel tests, PMTs) as in the original study and additionally with a latent factor mixed model (LFMM) approach. Of the 74 candidate SNPs, 41% (PMTs) and 51% (LFMM) were associated with environmental factors in the independent data set. However, only 5% (PMTs) and 15% (LFMM) of the associations showed the same environment-allele relationships as in the original study. In total, we found 11 genes (31%) containing the same association in the original and independent data set. These can be considered prime candidate genes for environmental adaptation at a broader geographical scale. Our results suggest that selection pressures in highly heterogeneous alpine environments vary locally and signatures of selection are likely to be population-specific. Thus, genotype-by-environment interactions underlying adaptation are more heterogeneous and complex than is often assumed, which might represent a problem when testing for adaptation at specific loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rellstab
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - M C Fischer
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Zoller
- ETH Zürich, Genetic Diversity Centre, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Graf
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - A Tedder
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K K Shimizu
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Widmer
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Holderegger
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Gugerli
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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10
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Dangel M, Widmer A. Point-of-use water filters: do they provide sterile water over the entire time of the manufacturer’s warranty? Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2015. [PMCID: PMC4474903 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-4-s1-p53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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11
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Röthlisberger M, Fisch U, Kelly C, Schön S, Widmer A, Frei R, Wasner MG, Weisser M, Mariani L. Reduction of Microbial Colonization with a Chlorhexidine-Coated Dressing for External Ventricular Drain (EVD)—A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial (EVDAI Study). J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Mease P, McInnes I, Richards H, Pricop L, Widmer A, Mpofu S. SAT0579 Secukinumab Safety and Tolerability in Patients with Active Psoriatic Arthritis: Pooled Safety Analysis of Two Phase 3, Randomized, Controlled Trials (Future 1 and Future 2). Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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Luo Y, Widmer A, Karrenberg S. The roles of genetic drift and natural selection in quantitative trait divergence along an altitudinal gradient in Arabidopsis thaliana. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 114:220-8. [PMID: 25293874 PMCID: PMC4815633 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how natural selection and genetic drift shape biological variation is a central topic in biology, yet our understanding of the agents of natural selection and their target traits is limited. We investigated to what extent selection along an altitudinal gradient or genetic drift contributed to variation in ecologically relevant traits in Arabidopsis thaliana. We collected seeds from 8 to 14 individuals from each of 14 A. thaliana populations originating from sites between 800 and 2700 m above sea level in the Swiss Alps. Seed families were grown with and without vernalization, corresponding to winter-annual and summer-annual life histories, respectively. We analyzed putatively neutral genetic divergence between these populations using 24 simple sequence repeat markers. We measured seven traits related to growth, phenology and leaf morphology that are rarely reported in A. thaliana and performed analyses of altitudinal clines, as well as overall QST-FST comparisons and correlation analyses among pair-wise QST, FST and altitude of origin differences. Multivariate analyses suggested adaptive differentiation along altitude in the entire suite of traits, particularly when expressed in the summer-annual life history. Of the individual traits, a decrease in rosette leaf number in the vegetative state and an increase in leaf succulence with increasing altitude could be attributed to adaptive divergence. Interestingly, these patterns relate well to common within- and between-species trends of smaller plant size and thicker leaves at high altitude. Our results thus offer exciting possibilities to unravel the underlying mechanisms for these conspicuous trends using the model species A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Luo
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- ETH Zurich, ETH Zurich, Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Widmer
- ETH Zurich, ETH Zurich, Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Karrenberg
- ETH Zurich, ETH Zurich, Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Sidler J, Battegay M, Tschudin-Sutter S, Widmer A, Weisser M. Enterococci, Clostridium difficile and ESBL-producing bacteria: epidemiology, clinical impact and prevention in ICU patients. Swiss Med Wkly 2014; 144:w14009. [DOI: 10.4414/smw.2014.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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15
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Lakatos B, Jakopp B, Widmer A, Frei R, Pargger H, Elzi L, Battegay M. Evaluation of treatment outcomes for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia. Infection 2014; 42:553-8. [PMID: 24627266 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-014-0607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to retrospectively collect data about treatment outcomes in patients diagnosed with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia over a period of 20 years and evaluate these data with respect to the efficacy of treatment options. METHODS The setting was a 700-bed tertiary care hospital in a large urban area. Hospital databases and medical records provided information about episodes of S. maltophilia, patient characteristics and treatment outcomes. Patients with at least one positive blood culture for S. maltophilia were included in the study. Data were analysed with respect to clinical improvement and mortality ≤30 days after the onset of infection. We compared patient characteristics, laboratory values and treatments by using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS We investigated 27 patients with S. maltophilia bacteraemia. The focus of infection was a central venous catheter in 18 (67 %) cases. The 30-day mortality rate was 11 %. All patients who were treated with an antibiotic that was effective in vitro against the pathogen recovered clinically and survived ≥30 days after the onset of infection. The most frequently used antibiotic was trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administered alone or in combination with a fluoroquinolone. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that S. maltophilia is resistant to multiple antibiotics, the prognosis for patients with S. maltophilia bacteraemia is good when they are treated with antibiotics that are effective against this pathogen in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lakatos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Batzer B, Scheithauer S, Molina CP, Widmer A. P107: Moving from standard alcoholic hand rub dispensers to a wireless LAN based system with continuous monitoring: evaluation after one year. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013. [PMCID: PMC3687689 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-s1-p107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Scheithauer S, Batzer B, Molina CP, Widmer A. P132: Hand hygiene “before aseptic tasks”: a critical point even at a hematology and transplant ward. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013. [PMCID: PMC3688094 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-s1-p132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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18
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Scheithauer S, Dangel M, Batzer B, Molina CP, Widmer A. O001: Getting the unexpected: no association between hand hygiene and workload. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013; 2 Suppl 1:O1-P396. [PMID: 23902669 PMCID: PMC3687568 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-s1-o1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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20
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Käfer J, Talianová M, Bigot T, Michu E, Guéguen L, Widmer A, Žlůvová J, Glémin S, Marais GAB. Patterns of molecular evolution in dioecious and non-dioecious Silene. J Evol Biol 2012. [PMID: 23206219 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dioecy (i.e. having separate sexes) is a rather rare breeding system in flowering plants. Such rareness may result from a high probability of extinction in dioecious species because of less efficient dispersal and the costs of sexual selection, which are expected to harm dioecious species' survival on the long term. These handicaps should decrease the effective population size (Ne) of dioecious species, which in turn should reduce the efficacy of selection. Moreover, sexual selection in dioecious species is expected to specifically affect some genes, which will evolve under positive selection. The relative contribution of these effects is currently unknown and we tried to disentangle them by comparing sequence evolution between dioecious and non-dioecious species in the Silene genus (Caryophyllaceae), where dioecy has evolved at least twice. For the dioecious species in the section Melandrium, where dioecy is the oldest, we found a global reduction of purifying selection, while on some, male-biased genes, positive selection was found. For section Otites, where dioecy evolved more recently, we found no significant differences between dioecious and non-dioecious species. Our results are consistent with the view that dioecy is an evolutionary dead end in flowering plants, although other scenarios for explaining reduced Ne cannot be ruled out. Our results also show that contrasting forces act on the genomes of dioecious plants, and suggest that some time is required before the genome of such plants bears the footprints of dioecy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Käfer
- Univ Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France.
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Abstract
Bloodstream infections due to intravascular catheterization, peritoneal catheters for dialysis, suprapubic or transurethral catheters, are one of the major sources of nosocomial infections. Therefore, the prevention of catheter-associated infections is an important issue for physicians and nursing staff working in hospitals or in outpatient settings. The risk can be minimized by diligent checking of the indications, hygienic measures, using the right materials, thorough follow-up and education of the medical and nursing staff. Thus it is possible to avoid individual suffering of patients and to reduce costs in the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schwaiger
- Klinik für Notfall- und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Nürnberg, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Strasse 1, Nürnberg, Germany.
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Allegranzi B, Boyce JM, Dharan S, Kim EM, Rotter M, Suchomel M, Voss A, Widmer A, Pittet D. Reply to: Kampf G, Ostermeyer C. World Health Organization-recommended hand-rub formulations do not meet European efficacy requirements for surgical hand disinfection in five minutes (J Hosp Infect 2011;78:123-127). J Hosp Infect 2012; 82:297-8; author reply 298-9. [PMID: 23083919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Kuemmerle-Deschner JB, Hachulla E, Cartwright R, Hawkins PN, Tran TA, Bader-Meunier B, Hoyer J, Gattorno M, Gul A, Smith J, Leslie KS, Jimenez S, Morell-Dubois S, Davis N, Patel N, Widmer A, Preiss R, Lachmann HJ. Two-year results from an open-label, multicentre, phase III study evaluating the safety and efficacy of canakinumab in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome across different severity phenotypes. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:2095-102. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2011.152728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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25
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Zitari A, Scopece G, Helal AN, Widmer A, Cozzolino S. Is floral divergence sufficient to maintain species boundaries upon secondary contact in Mediterranean food-deceptive orchids? Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 108:219-28. [PMID: 21792224 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing the processes that determine whether species boundaries are maintained on secondary contact may shed light on the early phase of speciation. In Anacamptis morio and Anacamptis longicornu, two Mediterranean orchid sister-species, we used molecular and morphological analyses, together with estimates of pollination success and experimental crosses, to assess whether floral isolation can shelter the species' genomes from genetic admixture on secondary contact. We found substantial genetic and morphological homogenization in sympatric populations in combination with an apparent lack of postmating isolation. We further detected asymmetric introgression in the sympatric populations and an imbalance in cytotype representation, which may be due either to a difference in flowering phenology or else be a consequence of cytonuclear incompatibilities. Estimates of genetic clines for markers across sympatric zones revealed markers that significantly deviated from neutral expectations. We observed a significant correlation between spur length and reproductive success in sympatric populations, which may suggest that directional selection is the main cause of morphological differentiation in this species pair. Our results suggest that allopatric divergence has not led to the evolution of sufficient reproductive isolation to prevent genomic admixture on secondary contact in this orchid species pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zitari
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
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26
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Macaya-Sanz D, Suter L, Joseph J, Barbará T, Alba N, González-Martínez SC, Widmer A, Lexer C. Genetic analysis of post-mating reproductive barriers in hybridizing European Populus species. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 107:478-86. [PMID: 21587301 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular genetic analyses of experimental crosses provide important information on the strength and nature of post-mating barriers to gene exchange between divergent populations, which are topics of great interest to evolutionary geneticists and breeders. Although not a trivial task in long-lived organisms such as trees, experimental interspecific recombinants can sometimes be created through controlled crosses involving natural F(1)'s. Here, we used this approach to understand the genetics of post-mating isolation and barriers to introgression in Populus alba and Populus tremula, two ecologically divergent, hybridizing forest trees. We studied 86 interspecific backcross (BC(1)) progeny and >350 individuals from natural populations of these species for up to 98 nuclear genetic markers, including microsatellites, indels and single nucleotide polymorphisms, and inferred the origin of the cytoplasm of the cross with plastid DNA. Genetic analysis of the BC(1) revealed extensive segregation distortions on six chromosomes, and >90% of these (12 out of 13) favored P. tremula donor alleles in the heterospecific genomic background. Since selection was documented during early diploid stages of the progeny, this surprising result was attributed to epistasis, cyto-nuclear coadaptation, heterozygote advantage at nuclear loci experiencing introgression or a combination of these. Our results indicate that gene flow across 'porous' species barriers affects these poplars and aspens beyond neutral, Mendelian expectations and suggests the mechanisms responsible. Contrary to expectations, the Populus sex determination region is not protected from introgression. Understanding the population dynamics of the Populus sex determination region will require tests based on natural interspecific hybrid zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Macaya-Sanz
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Center of Forest Research, CIFOR-INIA, Carretera de A Coruña, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Nesbitt A, Fossati G, Whittall CE, Askari A, Middleton J, Astorri E, Bombardi M, Peakman M, Pozzilli P, Pitzalis C, Goodall JC, Ellis L, McNeill L, Gaston HJ, Mittal GA, Mageed RA, Chernajovsky Y, Hawkins PN, Kuemmerle-Deschner JB, Hachulla E, Cartwright R, Kone-Paut I, Hoyer J, Quartier P, Smith J, Gattorno M, Leslie K, Gul A, Widmer A, Patel N, Preiss R, Lachmann HJ, Krausgruber T, Blazek K, Smallie T, Lockstone H, Sahgal N, Alzabin S, Hussell T, Feldmann M, Udalova I, Jeffery LE, Raza K, Filer A, Sansom DM. Cytokines and inflammatory mediators: 25. Certolizumab Pegol has a Different Profile from the other Anti-TNFS, Including Golimumab, in a Variety of in Vitro Assays. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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28
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Adams NG, Adekambi T, Afeltra J, Aguado J, Aires de Sousa M, Akiyoshi K, Al Hasan M, Ala-Kokko T, Albert M, Alfandari S, Allen D, Allerberger F, Almyroudis N, Alp E, Amin R, Anderson-Berry A, Andes DR, Andremont A, Andreu A, Angelakis M, Antachopoulos C, Antoniadou A, Arabatzis M, Arlet G, Arnez M, Arnold C, Asensio A, Asseray N, Ausiello C, Avni T, Ayling R, Baddour L, Baguelin M, Bányai K, Barbour A, Basco LK, Bauer D, Bayston R, Beall B, Becker K, Behr M, Bejon P, Belliot G, Benito-Fernandez J, Benjamin D, Benschop K, Berencsi G, Bergeron MG, Bernard K, Berner R, Beyersmann J, Bille J, Bizzini A, Bjarnsholt T, Blanc D, Blanco J, Blot S, Bohnert J, Boillat N, Bonomo R, Bonten M, Bordon JM, Borel N, Boschiroli ML, Bosilkovski M, Bosso JA, Botelho-Nevers E, Bou G, Bretagne S, Brouqui P, Brun-Buisson C, Brunetto M, Bucher H, Buchheidt D, Buckling A, Bulpa P, Cambau E, Canducci F, Cantón R, Capobianchi M, Carattoli A, Carcopino X, Cardona-Castro N, Carling PC, Carrat F, Castilla J, Castilletti C, Cavaco L, Cavallo R, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Centrón D, Chappuis F, Charrel R, Chen M, Chevaliez S, Chezzi C, Chomel B, Chowers M, Chryssanthou E, Ciammaruconi A, Ciccozzi M, Cid J, Ciofu O, Cisneros D, Ciufolini MG, Clark C, Clarke SC, Clayton R, Clementi M, Clemons K, Cloeckaert A, Cloud J, Coenye T, Cohen Bacri S, Cohen R, Coia J, Colombo A, Colson P, Concerse P, Cordonnier C, Cormican M, Cornaglia G, Cornely O, Costa S, Cots F, Craxi A, Creti R, Crnich C, Cuenca Estrella M, Cusi MG, d'Ettorre G, da Cruz Lamas C, Daikos G, Dannaoui E, De Barbeyrac B, De Grazia S, de Jager C, de Lamballerie X, de Marco F, del Palacio A, Delpeyroux F, Denamur E, Denis O, Depaquit J, Deplano A, Desenclos JC, Desjeux P, Deutch S, Di Luca D, Dianzani F, Diep B, Diestra K, Dignani C, Dimopoulos G, Divizia M, Doi Y, Dornbusch HJ, Dotis J, Drancourt M, Drevinek P, Dromer F, Dryden M, Dubreuil L, Dubus JC, Dumitrescu O, Dumke R, DuPont H, Edelstein M, Eggimann P, Eis-Huebinger AM, El Atrouni WI, Entenza J, Ergonul O, Espinel-Ingroff A, Esteban J, Etienne J, Fan XG, Fenollar F, Ferrante P, Ferrieri P, Ferry T, Feuchtinger T, Finegold S, Fingerle V, Fitch M, Fitzgerald R, Flori P, Fluit A, Fontana R, Fournier PE, François M, Francois P, Freedman DO, Friedrich A, Gallego L, Gallinella G, Gangneux JP, Gannon V, Garbarg-Chenon A, Garbino J, Garnacho-Montero J, Gatermann S, Gautret P, Gentile G, Gerlich W, Ghannoum M, Ghebremedhin B, Ghigo E, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Girgis R, Giske C, Glupczynski Y, Gnarpe J, Gomez-Barrena E, Gorwitz RJ, Gosselin R, Goubau P, Gould E, Gradel K, Gray J, Gregson D, Greub G, Grijalva CG, Groll A, Groschup M, Gutiérrez J, Hackam DG, Hall WA, Hallett R, Hansen S, Harbarth S, Harf-Monteil C, Hasanjani RMR, Hasler P, Hatchette T, Hauser P, He Q, Hedges A, Helbig J, Hennequin C, Herrmann B, Hezode C, Higgins P, Hoesli I, Hoiby N, Hope W, Houvinen P, Hsu LY, Huard R, Humphreys H, Icardi M, Imoehl M, Ivanova K, Iwamoto T, Izopet J, Jackson Y, Jacobsen K, Jang TN, Jasir A, Jaulhac B, Jaureguy F, Jefferies JM, Jehl F, Johnstone J, Joly-Guillou ML, Jonas M, Jones M, Joukhadar C, Kahl B, Kaier K, Kaiser L, Kato H, Katragkou A, Kearns A, Kern W, Kerr K, Kessin R, Kibbler C, Kimberlin D, Kittang B, Klaassen C, Kluytmans J, Ko WC, Koh WJ, Kostrzewa M, Kourbeti I, Krause R, Krcmery V, Krizova P, Kuijper E, Kullberg BJ, Kumar G, Kunin CM, La Scola B, Lagging M, Lagrou K, Lamagni T, Landini P, Landman D, Larsen A, Lass-Floerl C, Laupland K, Lavigne JP, Leblebicioglu H, Lee B, Lee CH, Leggat P, Lehours P, Leibovici L, Leon L, Leonard N, Leone M, Lescure X, Lesprit P, Levy PY, Lew D, Lexau CA, Li SY, Li W, Lieberman D, Lina B, Lina G, Lindsay JA, Livermore D, Lorente L, Lortholary O, Lucet JC, Lund B, Lütticken R, MacLeod C, Madhi S, Maertens J, Maggi F, Maiden M, Maillard JY, Maira-Litran T, Maltezou H, Manian FA, Mantadakis E, Maragakis L, Marcelin AG, Marchaim D, Marchetti O, Marcos M, Markotic A, Martina B, Martínez J, Martinez JL, Marty F, Maurin M, McGee L, Mediannikov O, Meersseman W, Megraud F, Meletiadis J, Mellmann A, Meyer E, Meyer W, Meylan P, Michalopoulos A, Micol R, Midulla F, Mikami Y, Miller RF, Miragaia M, Miriagou V, Mitchell TJ, Miyakis S, Mokrousov I, Monecke S, Mönkemüller K, Monno L, Monod M, Morales G, Moriarty F, Morosini I, Mortensen E, Mubarak K, Mueller B, Mühlemann K, Muñoz Bellido JL, Murray P, Muscillo M, Mylotte J, Naessens A, Nagy E, Nahm MH, Nassif X, Navarro D, Navarro F, Neofytos D, Nes I, Ní Eidhin D, Nicolle L, Niederman MS, Nigro G, Nimmo G, Nordmann P, Nougairède A, Novais A, Nygard K, Oliveira D, Orth D, Ortiz JR, Osherov N, Österblad M, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Pagano L, Palamara AT, Pallares R, Panagopoulou P, Pandey P, Panepinto J, Pappas G, Parkins M, Parola P, Pasqualotto A, Pasteran F, Paul M, Pawlotsky JM, Peeters M, Peixe L, Pepin J, Peralta G, Pereyre S, Perfect JR, Petinaki E, Petric M, Pettigrew M, Pfaller M, Philipp M, Phillips G, Pichichero M, Pierangeli A, Pierard D, Pigrau C, Pilishvili T, Pinto F, Pistello M, Pitout J, Poirel L, Poli G, Poppert S, Posfay-Barbe K, Pothier P, Poxton I, Poyart C, Pozzetto B, Pujol M, Pulcini C, Punyadeera C, Ramirez M, Ranque S, Raoult D, Rasigade JP, Re MC, Reilly JS, Reinert R, Renaud B, Rice L, Rich S, Richet H, Rigouts L, Riva E, Rizzo C, Robotham J, Rodicio MR, Rodriguez J, Rodriguez-Bano J, Rogier C, Roilides E, Rolain JM, Rooijakkers S, Rooney P, Rossi F, Rotimi V, Rottman M, Roux V, Ruhe J, Russo G, Sadowy E, Sagel U, Said SI, Saijo M, Sak B, Sa-Leao R, Sanders EAM, Sanguinetti M, Sarrazin C, Savelkoul P, Scheifele D, Schmidt WP, Schønheyder H, Schönrich G, Schrenzel J, Schubert S, Schwarz K, Schwarz S, Sefton A, Segondy M, Seifert H, Seng P, Senneville E, Sexton D, Shafer RW, Shalit I, Shankar N, Shata TM, Shields J, Sibley C, Sicinschi L, Siljander T, Simitsopoulou M, Simoons-Smit AM, Sissoko D, Sjögren J, Skiada A, Skoczynska A, Skov R, Slack M, Sogaard M, Sola C, Soriano A, Sotto A, Sougakoff W, Sougakoff W, Souli M, Spelberg B, Spelman D, Spiliopoulou I, Springer B, Stefani S, Stein A, Steinbach WJ, Steinbakk M, Strakova L, Strenger V, Sturm P, Sullivan P, Sutton D, Symmons D, Tacconelli E, Tamalet C, Tang JW, Tang YW, Tattevin P, Thibault V, Thomsen RW, Thuny F, Tong S, Torres C, Townsend R, Tristan A, Trouillet JL, Tsai HC, Tsitsopoulos P, Tuerlinckx D, Tulkens P, Tumbarello M, Tureen J, Turnidge JD, Turriziani O, Tutuian R, Uçkay I, Upton M, Vabret A, Vamvakas EC, van den Boom D, Van Eldere J, van Leeuwen W, van Strijp J, Van Veen S, Vandamme P, Vandenesch F, Vayssier M, Velin D, Venditti M, Venter M, Venuti A, Vergnaud G, Verheij T, Verhofstede C, Viscoli C, Vizza CD, Vogel U, Waller A, Wang YF, Warn P, Warris A, Wauters G, Weidmann M, Weill FX, Weinberger M, Welch D, Wellinghausen N, Wheat J, Widmer A, Wild F, Willems R, Willinger B, Winstanley C, Witte W, Wolff M, Wong F, Wootton M, Wyllie D, Xu W, Yamamoto S, Yaron S, Yildirim I, Zaoutis T, Zazzi M, Zbinden R, Zehender GG, Zemlickova H, Zerbini ML, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhao YD, Zhu Z, Zimmerli W. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF REVIEWERS. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Widmer A, Fürst A, Bettschart R, Makara M, Geyer H, Kummer M. Bilateral iatrogenic [corrected] maxillary fractures after dental treatment in two aged horses. J Vet Dent 2010; 27:160-2. [PMID: 21038833 DOI: 10.1177/089875641002700303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This clinical report describes two horses with bilateral maxillary fractures following dental treatment. The fractures occurred during dental treatment by a veterinarian, and both had rostral, transverse, and complete bilateral maxillary fractures with instability and minimal displacement. The fractures were repaired using bilateral intraoral wiring with the patients under general anesthesia. The postoperative period was without complications and the fractures healed as expected. Maxillary fractures during or after routine dental treatment are rare, but can occur, especially in older horses. Appropriate sedation and, if necessary, regional nerve blocks might reduce the risk of iatrogenic fractures of the maxilla. General anesthesia must be considered for tooth extraction in horses that are difficult to restrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Widmer
- Department Vetsuisse, Faculty Zurich, Section Surgery, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Bonkat G, Bachmann A, Rieken M, Rentsch C, Wyler S, Gasser T, Widmer A. UP-2.52: The relationship between microbial ureteral stent colonisation and male lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.07.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bonkat G, Bachmann A, Rieken M, Rentsch C, Wyler S, Gasser T, Widmer A. UP-2.51: Comparison of Maki's technique and sonication in the diagnosis of microbial ureteral stent colonization: a randomized prospective study. Urology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.07.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Piñeiro R, Widmer A, Aguilar JF, Nieto Feliner G. Introgression in peripheral populations and colonization shape the genetic structure of the coastal shrub Armeria pungens. Heredity (Edinb) 2010; 106:228-40. [PMID: 20424642 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2010.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The coastal shrub Armeria pungens has a disjunct Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution. The historic range expansion underlying this distribution was investigated using the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region, three plastid regions (namely trnL-F, trnS-fM and matK) and morphometric data. A highly diverse ancestral lineage was identified in southwest Portugal. More recently, two areas have been colonized: (1) Corsica and Sardinia, where disjunct Mediterranean populations have been established as a result of the long-distance dispersal of Portuguese genotypes, and (2) the southern part of the Atlantic range, Gulf of Cadiz, where a distinct lineage showing no genetic differentiation among populations occurs. Genetic consequences of colonization seem to have been more severe in the Gulf of Cadiz than in Corsica-Sardinia. Although significant genetic divergence is associated with low plastid diversity in the Gulf of Cadiz, in Corsica-Sardinia, the loss of plastid haplotypes was not accompanied by divergence from disjunct Portuguese source populations. In addition, in its northernmost and southernmost populations, A. pungens exhibited evidence for ancient or ongoing introgression from sympatric congeners. Introgression might have created novel genotypes able to expand beyond the latitudinal margins of the species or, alternatively, these genotypes may be the result of surfing of alleles from other species in demographic equilibrium into peripheral populations of A. pungens. Our results highlight the evolutionary significance of genetic drift following the colonization of new areas and the key role of introgression in range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Piñeiro
- Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Shukla S, Lawrence A, Aggarwal A, Naik S, Gullick NJ, Evans HG, Jayaraj D, Kirkham BW, Taams LS, Judah SM, Nixon N, Dawes P, Mattey DL, Yeo L, Schmutz C, Toellner KM, Salmon M, Filer AD, Buckley C, Raza K, Scheel-Toellner D, Hashizume M, Yoshida H, Koike N, Suzuki M, Mihara M, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Metsios GS, Douglas KM, Panoulas VF, Koutedakis Y, Kitas GD, Church LD, Filer AD, Hildago E, Howlett K, Thomas A, Rapecki S, Scheel-Toellner D, Buckley CD, Raza K, Juarez M, Kolasinski J, Govindan J, Quilter A, Williamson L, Collins DA, Price EJ, Gasparyan AY, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Toms TE, Douglas K, Kitas GD, Lachmann HJ, Kuemmerle-Deschner JB, Hachulla E, Hoyer J, Smith J, Leslie K, Kone-Paut I, Braun J, Widmer A, Patel N, Preiss R, Hawkins PN. Cytokines and Inflammatory Mediators [30-39]: 30. The LPS Stimulated Production of Interleukin-10 is not Associated with -819C/T and -592C/A Promoter Polymorphisms in Healthy Indian Subjects. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Koch C, Straub R, Ramseyer A, Widmer A, Robinson NE, Gerber V. Endoscopic scoring of the tracheal septum in horses and its clinical relevance for the evaluation of lower airway health in horses. Equine Vet J 2010; 39:107-12. [PMID: 17378438 DOI: 10.2746/042516407x158764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Although endoscopic scoring of the tracheal septum thickness is used as a diagnostic tool for evaluation of lower airway disease, its clinical relevance and reliability have never been critically assessed in the horse. OBJECTIVES To investigate if septum thickness scores (STS) are reliable and serve as a clinically useful indicator of lower airway disease status and/or inflammation. METHODS The variance of STS attributable to the horse, observer and changes over time was determined. The distribution of STS in a population of clinically normal horses and correlations of STS with age, gender, as well as mucus accumulation and cell differentials of tracheobronchial secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were investigated. Effects of altered pulmonary ventilation, induced by different drugs, on STS were assessed. Finally, STS of horses affected with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) were compared to those of clinically normal horses. RESULTS Recorded STS showed excellent intra- and satisfactory interobserver agreement Established clinical, endoscopic and cytological measures of lower airway inflammation, i.e. mucus accumulation scores and airway neutrophilia, did not correlate with STS. In horses age > or = 10 years, septum scores were significantly higher (P = 0.022) than in younger horses. Septum thickness scores did not differ significantly between clinically normal and RAO-affected horses both in exacerbation and in remission. Horses with markedly increased breathing effort (i.e. with metacholine- or lobeline hydrochloride-challenge), often differed markedly (up to 1.9 scores), but the average of end-inspiratory and end-expiratory STS did not differ from baseline STS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Endoscopic STS are a reproducible measure, but STS did not correlate with clinical, endoscopic and cytological findings indicative of RAO or inflammatory airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koch
- Equine Clinic and Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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Widmer A, Gastmeier P, Battegay M. [Prevention of infections]. Internist (Berl) 2009; 51:127-8. [PMID: 19956918 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-009-2530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Widmer
- Klinik für Infektiologie & Spitalhygiene, Universitätsspital, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Schweiz.
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Orasch C, Weisser M, Mertz D, Conen A, Heim D, Christen S, Gratwohl A, Battegay M, Widmer A, Flückiger U. Comparison of infectious complications during induction/consolidation chemotherapy versus allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 45:521-6. [PMID: 19668238 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2009.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Induction/consolidation chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for hematological malignancies are associated with treatment-related risks such as infections. The predominant types of infections are blood stream infections (BSIs) and respiratory tract infections. We prospectively compared infectious complications after induction/consolidation chemotherapy versus allogeneic HSCT in a directly comparable setting with both groups being hospitalized on the same ward. From July 2003 until June 2008, 492 hospitalizations of 321 patients took place; 237 chemotherapies and 255 HSCTs were performed. We observed 49 (20.7%) BSIs, 70 (29.5%) pneumonias and 11 (4.6%) probable or proven invasive mould infections in the chemotherapy group. In the HSCT group we detected 70 (27.5%) BSIs, 71 (27.8%) pneumonias and 14 (5.4%) probable or proven invasive mould infections. There was a trend toward more transfers to the intensive care unit (OR 1.61; 95%CI 0.95-2.72; P=0.074) and BSIs (OR 1.45; 95%CI 0.95-2.22; P=0.079) after HSCT; 44 (13.7%) patients died. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the HSCT group (OR 2.39; 95%CI 1.22-4.68; P=0.010). We conclude that the risk of pneumonia and invasive mould infection is comparable after induction/consolidation chemotherapy and allogeneic HSCT. However, there was a trend for more BSIs and intensive care unit stays and a higher mortality in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Orasch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Dettenkofer M, Babikir R, Bertz H, Widmer A, Kern W, Gastmeier P. P144 Surveillance of nosocomial bloodstream infections and pneumonia in patients with hematopoetic cell transplantation ('ONKO-KISS'). Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Mistletoes are bird dispersed, hemi-parasitic shrubs infecting a large number of woody host plants. Chloroplast fragment length polymorphisms were used to study genetic differentiation among presumed host races, population genetic structure, and to elucidate the postglacial migration history of mistletoe (Viscum album) across the entire natural distribution range in Europe. The populations sampled belong to four closely related taxa, three of which are widely distributed and differ in their host trees, whereas a fourth taxon is rare and endemic to the Island of Crete. The molecular analysis of chloroplast DNA variation supported the distinction of these four taxa. We further found evidence for phylogeographical structure in each of the three widely distributed host races. Independent of host race, mistletoe haplotypes from Turkey were distinct and distant from those found elsewhere in Europe, suggesting that highly differentiated populations, and possibly new taxa, exist at the range limit of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zuber
- ETH Zurich, Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Bernasconi G, Antonovics J, Biere A, Charlesworth D, Delph LF, Filatov D, Giraud T, Hood ME, Marais GAB, McCauley D, Pannell JR, Shykoff JA, Vyskot B, Wolfe LM, Widmer A. Silene as a model system in ecology and evolution. Heredity (Edinb) 2009; 103:5-14. [PMID: 19367316 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2009.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Silene, studied by Darwin, Mendel and other early scientists, is re-emerging as a system for studying interrelated questions in ecology, evolution and developmental biology. These questions include sex chromosome evolution, epigenetic control of sex expression, genomic conflict and speciation. Its well-studied interactions with the pathogen Microbotryum has made Silene a model for the evolution and dynamics of disease in natural systems, and its interactions with herbivores have increased our understanding of multi-trophic ecological processes and the evolution of invasiveness. Molecular tools are now providing new approaches to many of these classical yet unresolved problems, and new progress is being made through combining phylogenetic, genomic and molecular evolutionary studies with ecological and phenotypic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bernasconi
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Widmer A, Kummer M, Bettschart R, Fürst A. Atypical laminitis after orthopedic surgery in eight horses. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2009. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20090606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Two polymerase chain reaction-based assays have been developed that work in combination with an efficient DNA extraction protocol to rapidly and reliably determine sex in the dioecious plant species Silene latifolia and S. dioica. In addition, one of the assays allows assessing paternity in the F(1) generation of intra- and interspecific matings involving the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hobza
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-612 65 Brno, Czech Republic, Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstr. 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Minder AM, Widmer A. A population genomic analysis of species boundaries: neutral processes, adaptive divergence and introgression between two hybridizing plant species. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:1552-63. [PMID: 18321255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the nature of species boundaries between closely related plant species and about the extent of introgression as a consequence of hybridization upon secondary contact. To address these topics we analyzed genome-wide differentiation between two closely related Silene species, Silene latifolia and S. dioica, and assessed the strength of introgression in sympatry. More than 300 AFLP markers were genotyped in three allopatric and three sympatric populations of each species. Outlier analyses were performed separately for sympatric and allopatric populations. Both positive and negative outlier loci were found, indicating that divergent and balancing selection, respectively, have shaped patterns of divergence between the two species. Sympatric populations of the two species were found to be less differentiated genetically than allopatric populations, indicating that hybridization has led to gene introgression. We conclude that differentiation between S. latifolia and S. dioica has been shaped by a combination of introgression and selection. These results challenge the view that species differentiation is a genome-wide phenomenon, and instead support the idea that genomes can be porous and that species differentiation has a genic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Minder
- ETH Zurich, Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Minder AM, Rothenbuehler C, Widmer A. Genetic structure of hybrid zones between Silene latifolia and Silene dioica (Caryophyllaceae): evidence for introgressive hybridization. Mol Ecol 2008; 16:2504-16. [PMID: 17561909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural hybrid zones provide a valuable tool to study introgressive hybridization, because they can contain a wide variety of genotypes that result from many generations of recombination. Here we used molecular markers and morphological variation to describe the structure of two natural hybrid zones between Silene latifolia and Silene dioica in the Swiss Alps. Populations in both hybrid zones consisted of few intermediate hybrids and were dominated by backcross hybrids. The latter were also found in the parental populations at the margins of the hybrid zones. Out of 209 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers scored in 390 individuals, only 7 (3.3%) were species specific. These results indicate that introgression between S. dioica and S. latifolia is extensive, and that hybrid zones act as bridges to gene flow between these two species. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium identified few populations in which hybridization is ongoing, whereas in most populations linkage disequilibrium has eroded. Where hybridization is ongoing, strong changes in species-specific marker frequencies and morphological traits were observed. Plastid introgression into the hybrid zone was found to be bidirectional, but only the S. latifolia plastid haplotype was found in a nuclear S. dioica background. This unidirectional plastid introgression from S. latifolia into S. dioica is most likely due to pollen-flow from S. dioica onto S. latifolia, and results in plastid capture. Comparisons between the molecular and the morphological hybrid indices revealed that morphology in this study system is useful for identifying hybrids, but not for detailed analysis of hybrid zone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Minder
- ETH Zurich, Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Dettenkofer M, Widmer A, Kern W. MRSA und andere multiresistente Erreger: ein Problem zunehmend auch in der ambulanten Medizin. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2008; 133:370-1. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1046722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Widmer A, Hohl P, Dirnhofer S, Bassetti S, Marsch S, Frei R. Legionella bozemanii, an elusive agent of fatal cavitary pneumonia. Infection 2007; 35:180-1. [PMID: 17565460 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-007-6251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A 67-year-old patient died of Legionella bozemanii pneumonia with negative urinary antigen and negative serology. Cystic lesions in pneumonia of unknown origin should lead to the differential diagnosis of L. bozemanii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Kappel C, Widmer A, Geng V, von Arx P, Frei R, Koch HG, Knecht H. Successful control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a spinal cord injury center: a 10-year prospective study including molecular typing. Spinal Cord 2007; 46:438-44. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mertz D, Frei R, Jaussi B, Flückiger U, Widmer A. O22 Throat swabs are necessary to reliably detect carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
For more than 110 years hands of surgeons have been treated before a surgical procedure in order to reduce the bacterial density. The kind and duration of treatment, however, has changed significantly over time. Recent scientific evidence suggests a few changes with the aim to optimize both the efficacy and the dermal tolerance. Aim of this article is the presentation and discussion of new insights in surgical hand disinfection. A hand wash should be performed before the first disinfection of a day, ideally at least 10 min before the beginning of the disinfection as it has been shown that a 1 min hand wash significantly increases skin hydration for up to 10 min. The application time may be as short as 1.5 min depending on the type of hand rub. Hands and forearms should be kept wet with the hand rub for the recommended application time in any case. A specific rub-in procedure according to EN 12791 has been found to be suitable in order to avoid untreated skin areas. The alcohol-based hand rub should have a proven excellent dermal tolerance in order to ensure appropriate compliance. Considering these elements in clinical practice can have a significant impact to optimize the high quality of surgical hand disinfection for prevention of surgical site infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kampf
- Bode Chemie GmbH & Co., Scientific Affairs, 22525 Hamburg.
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Widmer A, Bolliger D. Infection risk associated with a closed luer access device. J Hosp Infect 2006; 63:479; author reply 479-80. [PMID: 16759744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2006.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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