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Akers KG, Oskar S, Zhao B, Frederickson AM, Arunachalam A. Clinical Outcomes of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Among Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With BRAF, ERBB2/HER2, MET , or RET Alterations: A Systematic Literature Review. J Immunother 2024; 47:128-138. [PMID: 38112201 PMCID: PMC10984634 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic landscape for patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rapidly evolving due to advances in molecular testing and the development of new targeted therapies and immunotherapies. However, the efficacy of programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in advanced or metastatic patients with NSCLC whose tumors harbor BRAF V600E mutation, HER2/ERBB2 alteration, MET exon 14 skipping mutation, or RET rearrangement is not completely understood. A systematic literature review was performed to summarize evidence from clinical trials and observational studies on objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients whose tumors express these biomarkers and who were treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Searches of Embase, MEDLINE, conference abstracts, and a clinical trial registry identified a total of 12 unique studies: 4 studies included patients with BRAF V600E mutation, 6 studies included patients with HER2/ERBB2 alteration, 7 studies included patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutation, and 5 studies included patients with RET rearrangement. Across studies, there was heterogeneity in treatment and patient characteristics and a lack of reporting on many important predictive and prognostic factors, including treatment regimens, patients' line of therapy, and tumor PD-L1 expression, which may explain the wide variation in objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival across studies. Therefore, additional studies prospectively evaluating clinical outcomes of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors among patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC whose tumors harbor emerging predictive or prognostic biomarkers are needed to determine whether this class of immunotherapy can provide additional survival benefits for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Oskar
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ
| | - Bin Zhao
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ
| | | | - Ashwini Arunachalam
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ
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Hu X, Kao YH, Arunachalam A, Chirovsky D, Wang Y, Zhang C, Kane K, Samkari A. HSR24-161: Biomarker Testing, Surgical Outcomes, and Adjuvant Therapy Rates Among Patients With Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in the Community Setting in the United States (US), 2019-2023. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2024; 22:HSR24-161. [PMID: 38579807 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
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Donington J, Hu X, Zhang S, Song Y, Arunachalam A, Chirovsky D, Gao C, Lerner A, Jiang A, Signorovitch J, Samkari A. Event-free survival as a predictor of overall survival and recurrence burden of patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023:S0022-5223(23)01193-5. [PMID: 38092284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Event-free survival has replaced overall survival as a primary end point in many recent and ongoing clinical trials. This study aims to examine the correlation between real-world event-free survival and overall survival and to assess the clinical and economic burden associated with disease recurrence among patients with resected stage II to III non-small cell lung cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy in the United States. METHODS This retrospective study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare database (2007-2019) to identify patients with newly diagnosed, resected, stage II to IIIB (N2) non-small cell lung cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy. The correlation between real-world event-free survival and overall survival was assessed using the normal scores rank correlation and landmark analysis. Overall survival, all-cause health care resource use and costs, and non-small cell lung cancer-related health care resource use and costs were compared between patients with and without recurrence. RESULTS A total of 221 patients met the eligibility criteria (median follow-up time from neoadjuvant treatment initiation: 32.7 months). The mean age was 72.1 years, and 57.0% of patients were male. Real-world, event-free survival and overall survival are positively and significantly correlated (0.68; 95% CI, 0.52-0.79). Patients with recurrence had significantly shorter median overall survival (19.3 vs 116.9 months), 4.59 times increased risk of death (95% CI, 2.56-8.26), and significantly higher all-cause and non-small cell lung cancer-related health care resource use and costs (adjusted mean monthly costs per patient difference: $5758 and $3187, respectively [all P < .001]). CONCLUSIONS These findings help validate event-free survival as a clinically meaningful end point and strong predictor for overall survival and highlight the need for additional novel therapies that may delay or prevent recurrence in resectable stage II and III non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Su Zhang
- Analysis Group, Inc, Boston, Mass
| | - Yan Song
- Analysis Group, Inc, Boston, Mass
| | | | | | - Chi Gao
- Analysis Group, Inc, Boston, Mass
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Rajarajan K, Verma S, Sahu S, Radhakrishna A, Kumar N, Priyadarshini E, Handa AK, Arunachalam A. Differential gene expression analysis reveals the fast-growth mechanisms in Melia dubia at different stand ages. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10671-10675. [PMID: 37934367 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melia dubia Cav. is a fast-growing multipurpose tree suitable for agroforestry and has been widely cultivated for wood-based industries, particularly pulp and paper production. Despite its high economic value in India, there is a lack of information regarding the molecular mechanism driving its fast-growth. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for fast-growth by expression analysis of selective candidate genes. METHODS AND RESULTS Initially, growth traits were assessed, including tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH), across three different ages (one-year-old, two-year-old, and three-year-old) of M. dubia plantations. Tree volume based on tree height and DBH, was also calculated. The analysis of annual tree height increment revealed that the second-year plantation exhibited the higher increment, followed by first and third years. In contrast, DBH was maximum in third-year plantation, followed by the second and first years. Similarly, annual tree volume increment showed a similar trend with DBH that maximum in the third year, followed by second and first years. Furthermore, a differential gene expression analysis was performed using qRT-PCR on four genes such as Phloem Intercalated with Xylem (PXY), Clavata3/Embryo Surrounding Region-Related 41 (CLE41), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS-1) and Hemoglobin1 (Hb1) for downstream analysis. The relative gene expression showed up-regulation of CLE41, ACS-1, and Hb1 genes, while the PXY gene was downregulated across the tree ages. Interestingly, a positive association was observed between tree growth and the expression of the selected candidate genes. CONCLUSION Our results pave the way for further research on the regulatory mechanisms of genes involved in fast-growth and provide a basis for genetic improvement of Melia dubia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rajarajan
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India.
| | - Shailesh Verma
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Sakshi Sahu
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - A Radhakrishna
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - E Priyadarshini
- ICAR- Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - A K Handa
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - A Arunachalam
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India
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Zu K, Arunachalam A, Hohlbauch A, Silver M, Robert N. Real-world utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors in extensive stage small-cell lung cancer in community settings. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:1375-1387. [PMID: 37694560 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study examined real-world treatment patterns for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) became available for frontline use. Methods: Adult patients with ES-SCLC initiating 1L systemic treatment were identified from electronic health records. Results: Among patients with recurrent/progressive ES-SCLC, the most common treatment classes were platinum-based chemotherapy (81.1% of 228) and ICI monotherapy (35.1% of 191) in 1L and 2L, respectively. Among patients with de novo ES-SCLC, the most common treatment classes were ICI + platinum-based chemotherapy (64.4% of 1268) and other chemotherapy (44.9% of 512) in 1L and 2L, respectively. Among patients who received no ICI in 1L, 62.6%-70.3% received it in 2L and 62.6-68.5% in 3L. Some who received 1L ICI were re-treated with ICI in subsequent lines (14.5-18.8% in 2L, 18.2-50.0% in 3L). Conclusion: Real-world ICI utilization in ES-SCLC, particularly ICI re-challenge, demonstrates high unmet needs in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Garassino MC, Oskar S, Arunachalam A, Zu K, Kao YH, Chen C, Meng W, Pietanza MC, Zhao B, Aggarwal H. Real-World Treatment Patterns and Outcomes of First-Line Immunotherapy Among Patients With Advanced Nonsquamous NSCLC Harboring BRAF, MET, or HER2 Alterations. JTO Clin Res Rep 2023; 4:100568. [PMID: 37744307 PMCID: PMC10514206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Data on utilization and clinical outcomes of programmed cell death protein or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-[L]1) inhibitors in NSCLC with uncommon oncogenic alterations is limited. Methods This retrospective study used a deidentified U.S. nationwide clinicogenomic database to select patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC without EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 alterations, diagnosed from January 1, 2016 to September 30, 2020, who initiated first-line therapy. Our objectives were to summarize characteristics and treatment patterns for patients with four little-studied genomic alterations or driver-negative NSCLC. We estimated Kaplan-Meier real-world time on treatment (rwTOT) and time to next treatment for patients receiving PD-(L)1 inhibitors. The data cutoff was September 30, 2021. Results Of the 3971 eligible patients, 84 (2%) had NSCLC with BRAF V600E mutation, 117 (3%) had MET exon 14 skipping mutation, 130 (3%) had MET amplification, 91 (2%) had ERBB2 activation mutation, and 691 patients (17%) had driver-negative NSCLC. Patient characteristics differed among cohorts as expected. The most common first-line regimen in each cohort was a PD-(L)1 inhibitor as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. The median rwTOT with anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy was 4.6 months in the driver-negative cohort and ranged from 2.9 months (ERBB2 mutation) to 7.6 months (BRAF V600E mutation). The median rwTOT with anti-PD-(L)1-chemotherapy combination was 5.2 months in the driver-negative cohort and 6 months in all but the BRAF V600E cohort (17.5 mo). The patterns of real-world time to next treatment results were similar. Conclusions Substantial use of anti-PD-(L)1 therapy and associated clinical outcomes are consistent with previous real-world findings and suggest no detriment from PD-(L)1 inhibitors for advanced nonsquamous NSCLC harboring one of these four genomic alterations relative to driver-negative NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C. Garassino
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Section of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sabine Oskar
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey
| | - Ashwini Arunachalam
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey
| | - Ke Zu
- Epidemiology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey
| | - Yu-Han Kao
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey
| | - Cai Chen
- Data, AI and Genome Sciences (DAGS) Department, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey
| | - Weilin Meng
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey
| | | | - Bin Zhao
- Clinical Research, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey
| | - Himani Aggarwal
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey
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Joudi A, Myers C, Arunachalam A, Subramani MV, Tomic R. A Case of Dual Organ Lung-Kidney Transplant in a Highly Sensitized Patient. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Joudi A, Myers C, Arunachalam A, Subramani MV, Tomic R. A Case of Successful Lung Transplantation Following 10 Months of Mechanical Ventilator Dependence. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Graham K, Reedy E, Arunachalam A, Tomic R, Martin-Harris B. Respiratory-Swallow Coordination in Patients Referred for Lung Transplant Evaluation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Donington J, Hu X, Zhang S, Song Y, Gao C, Arunachalam A, Chirovsky D, Lerner A, Jiang A, Signorovitch J, Samkari A. 95P Neoadjuvant treatment pattern and association between real-world event-free survival (rwEFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) with resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (eNSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Seeburger P, Herdenstam A, Kurtser P, Arunachalam A, Castro-Alves V, Hyötyläinen T, Andreasson H. Controlled mechanical stimuli reveal novel associations between basil metabolism and sensory quality. Food Chem 2023; 404:134545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rajarajan K, Sakshi S, Taria S, Prathima PT, Radhakrishna A, Anuragi H, Ashajyothi M, Bharati A, Handa AK, Arunachalam A. Whole plant response of Pongamia pinnata to drought stress tolerance revealed by morpho-physiological, biochemical and transcriptome analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9453-9463. [PMID: 36057878 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pongamia is considered an important biofuel species worldwide. Drought stress in the early growth stages of Pongamia influences negatively on the germination and seedling development. Due to lack of cultivar stability under drought stress conditions, establishment of successful plantation in drought hit areas becomes a major problem. To address this issue, drought stress response of four Pongamia genotypes was studied at morphological, physio-chemical and transcriptome levels. METHODS AND RESULTS Drought stress was levied by limiting water for 15 days on three months old seedlings of four genotypes. A significant effect of water stress was observed on the traits considered. The genotype NRCP25 exhibited superior morpho-physiological, biochemical drought responses. Also, the genotype had higher root length, photosynthetic pigments, higher antioxidant enzymes and solute accumulation compared to other genotypes. In addition, transcript profiling of selected drought responsive candidate genes such as trehalose phosphate synthase 1 (TPS1), abscisic acid responsive elements-binding protein 2 (ABF2-2), heat shock protein 17 (HSP 17 kDa), tonoplast intrinsic protein 1 (TIP 1-2), zinc finger homeodomain protein 2 (ZFP 2), and xyloglucan endotransglucolase 13 (XET 13) showed only up-regulation in NRCP25. Further, the transcriptome responses are in line with key physio-chemical responses exhibited by NRCP25 for drought tolerance. CONCLUSIONS As of now, there are no systematic studies on Pongamia drought stress tolerance; therefore this study offers a comprehensive understanding of whole plant drought stress responsiveness of Pongamia. Moreover, the results support important putative trait indices with potential candidate genes for drought tolerance improvement of Pongamia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rajarajan
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - S Sakshi
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Taria
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P T Prathima
- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A Radhakrishna
- Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H Anuragi
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Ashajyothi
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Bharati
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Handa
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Arunachalam
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bani T, Deuri M, Wangpan T, Tangjang S, Arunachalam A. Tradition In Transition: The Transformation of Traditional Agriculture in Arunachal Pradesh, North East India. CURR SCI INDIA 2022. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v123/i2/220-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Collins M, Tomic R, Myers C, O'Boye A, Brakman E, Perottino G, Arunachalam A. Malnutrition in Lung Transplant Recipients: Weighing the Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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Perottino G, Patel P, O'Boye A, Pesce L, Tomic R, Arunachalam A, Myers C. Neutropenia and Outcomes in Lung Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Zu K, Arunachalam A, Macdonald S, Wang Y, Wells K, Oliveria S, Pietanza M. P63.05 Treatment Pattern in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-world Observational Study in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zu K, Arunachalam A, Hohlbauch A, Silver M, Annavarapu S, Pietanza M. P63.08 Real-World Utilization of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer in Community Settings. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moser SS, Apter L, Arunachalam A, Burke T, Shalev V, Chodick G, Siegelmann-Danieli N. Real-world study of PD-L1 testing patterns and treatment distribution in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer in Israel. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:851-861. [PMID: 34034511 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We describe PD-L1 testing patterns and first-line treatment for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer in a 2.3 million-member state-mandated health service in Israel. Materials & methods: Newly diagnosed stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer patients initiating systemic anticancer treatment from 1 January 2017 until 31 December 2018 were identified from the national cancer registry and Maccabi Healthcare Service database and followed until 30 June 2019. Results: The cohort consisted of 410 patients; 58% males, median age 68 years, 70% current/former smokers, 81% adenocarcinoma, 14% had brain metastases, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 46/17/37% for 0-1/2-4/unknown, respectively. A total of 80% tested for PD-L1 expression, of which 47% had tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 50%. A total of 95% with TPS ≥ 50% and no known tumor aberrations (including EGFR mutations, and translocations in ALK and ROS1) received first-line PD-1/PD-L1-inhibitor monotherapy, and 80% of untested/TPS < 50% received platinum doublets. Conclusion: Fast uptake of testing was observed, and treatment patterns showed high adherence to guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sharman Moser
- Maccabitech Institute for Research & Innovation, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, 6812509, Israel
| | - Lior Apter
- Maccabitech Institute for Research & Innovation, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, 6812509, Israel.,Department of Health Systems Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | | | | | - Varda Shalev
- Maccabitech Institute for Research & Innovation, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, 6812509, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- Maccabitech Institute for Research & Innovation, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, 6812509, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Israel
| | - Nava Siegelmann-Danieli
- Maccabitech Institute for Research & Innovation, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, 6812509, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Israel
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Apter L, Moser SS, Arunachalam A, Burke T, Shalev V, Chodick G, Siegelmann-Danieli N. P09.39 PD-L1 Testing Patterns and Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Israel – Analysis of Real-World Data. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Frederickson AM, Arndorfer S, Zhang I, Lorenzi M, Insinga R, Arunachalam A, Burke TA, Simon GR. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for first-line treatment of metastatic nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:407-428. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of pembrolizumab + pemetrexed + platinum relative to other regimens in metastatic nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSq-NSCLC). Patients & methods: Eligible studies evaluated first-line regimens in NSq-NSCLC patients without known targetable mutations. Relative treatment effects were synthesized with random effects proportional hazards Bayesian network meta-analyses. Results: The hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) for pembrolizumab + pemetrexed + platinum was statistically significant over all platinum-doublet (HR range: 0.42–0.61), platinum-doublet + bevacizumab (HR range: 0.44–0.53) and platinum-doublet + atezolizumab regimens (HR range: 0.56–0.62). Additionally, pembrolizumab + pemetrexed + platinum numerically improved OS over atezolizumab + paclitaxel + carboplatin + bevacizumab (HR: 0.65; 95% credible interval: 0.43, 1.01). Pembrolizumab + pemetrexed + platinum had 95.6% probability of being the best treatment regimen for OS. Conclusion: Pembrolizumab + pemetrexed + platinum is likely the most efficacious first-line regimen for metastatic NSq-NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stella Arndorfer
- Evidence Synthesis & Decision Modeling, Precision Xtract, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Ina Zhang
- Evidence Synthesis & Decision Modeling, Precision Xtract, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Maria Lorenzi
- Evidence Synthesis & Decision Modeling, Precision Xtract, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Ralph Insinga
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ashwini Arunachalam
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Thomas A Burke
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - George R Simon
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Roy SS, Ansari MA, Sharma SK, Sailo B, Basudha Devi C, Singh IM, Das A, Chakraborty D, Arunachalam A, Prakash N, Ngachan SV. Climate Resilient Agriculture in Manipur:Status and Strategies for Sustainable Development. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v115/i7/1342-1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Lee DH, Tsao MS, Kambartel KO, Isobe H, Huang MS, Barrios CH, Khattak A, de Marinis F, Kothari S, Arunachalam A, Cao X, Burke T, Valladares A, de Castro J. Molecular testing and treatment patterns for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: PIvOTAL observational study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202865. [PMID: 30148862 PMCID: PMC6110501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The goals of this multinational retrospective study were to describe treatment patterns and survival outcomes by receipt of molecular testing and molecular status of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods This chart review study, conducted in Italy, Spain, Germany, Australia, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Brazil, included 1440 patients with newly diagnosed advanced (stage IIIB/IV) NSCLC initiating systemic therapy from January 2011 through June 2013, with follow-up until July 2016. We evaluated treatment patterns and survival by histology, line of therapy, molecular testing, and test results for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and/or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement. Country-specific data were analyzed descriptively and presented as ranges (lowest to highest country). Overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Results Patients with ≥1 molecular test varied from 43% (Brazil) to 85% (Taiwan). Numerically greater proportions of patients who were female, Asian, or never/former-smokers, and those with nonsquamous histology or stage-IV NSCLC, received a test. Testing was common for nonsquamous NSCLC (54%, Brazil, to 91%, Taiwan), with positive EGFR and ALK tests from 17% (Brazil and Spain) to 67% (Taiwan) and from 0% (Brazil) to 60% (Taiwan), respectively. First-line treatment regimens for nonsquamous NSCLC with positive EGFR/ALK tests included targeted therapy for 30% (Germany) to 89% (Japan); with negative/inconclusive test results, platinum-based combinations for 88% (Japan) to 98% (Brazil); and if not tested, platinum-based combinations for 80% (Australia) to 95% (Japan), except in Taiwan, where 44% received single agents. Median OS from first-line therapy initiation was 10.0 (Japan) to 26.7 (Taiwan) months for those tested and 7.6 (Australia/Brazil) to 19.3 (Taiwan) months for those not tested. Conclusions We observed substantial variation among countries in testing percentages, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes. Efforts to optimize molecular testing rates should be implemented in the context of each country’s health care scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Ho Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Hiroshi Isobe
- KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | | | - Adnan Khattak
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Smita Kothari
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ashwini Arunachalam
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiting Cao
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Thomas Burke
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
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Bittoni MA, Arunachalam A, Li H, Camacho R, He J, Zhong Y, Lubiniecki GM, Carbone DP. Real-World Treatment Patterns, Overall Survival, and Occurrence and Costs of Adverse Events Associated With First-line Therapies for Medicare Patients 65 Years and Older With Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Clin Lung Cancer 2018; 19:e629-e645. [PMID: 29885945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to better understand real-world treatment patterns, overall and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-specific survival, adverse event (AE) occurrence, and economic impact of first-line cancer therapies in Medicare patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study identified patients ≥ 65 years in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database who received a first-time advanced (stage IV) NSCLC diagnosis from 2007 to 2011, and who received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy from 2007 through mid-2013. First-line regimens, healthcare resource use, occurrence of AEs, and associated costs (2013 US dollars) were analyzed. Median survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Surprisingly, only 46% of patients (n = 13,472) with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC received systemic therapy, and 5931 received platinum-based therapy. The mean age was 73 years, with 3354 (57%) males; 1489 (25%) had squamous and 4442 (75%) nonsquamous histology. The most common regimens were carboplatin doublets (70%), including carboplatin/paclitaxel (38%), carboplatin/pemetrexed (12%), carboplatin/gemcitabine (11%), and carboplatin/docetaxel (7%). The median overall survival from first-line therapy initiation was 7.2 months (95% confidence interval, 7.0-7.5 months). Dyspnea and anemia were the most common AEs of interest, whereas atypical pneumonia was associated with the greatest AE-related costs (mean, $5044). The mean total per-patient-per-month cost was $11,909, with AE-related costs comprising 9% of total costs. The highest costs and survival were observed for patients treated with carboplatin/pemetrexed and bevacizumab/carboplatin/paclitaxel. CONCLUSIONS These real-world data illustrate the most common first-line regimens by histology, overall survival, AEs, and some of the high AE-related costs of therapy for advanced NSCLC, and provides extremely useful information for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Bittoni
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and James Thoracic Oncology Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David P Carbone
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and James Thoracic Oncology Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Lee DH, Isobe H, Wirtz H, Aleixo SB, Parente P, de Marinis F, Huang M, Arunachalam A, Kothari S, Cao X, Donnini N, Woodgate AM, de Castro J. Health care resource use among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the PIvOTAL retrospective observational study. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:147. [PMID: 29490654 PMCID: PMC5831211 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-2946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Data are scarce regarding real-world health care resource use (HCRU) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). An understanding of current clinical practices and HCRU is needed to provide a benchmark for rapidly evolving NSCLC management recommendations and therapeutic options. The objective of this study was to describe real-world HCRU for patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods This multinational, retrospective chart review study was conducted at academic and community oncology sites in Italy, Spain, Germany, Australia, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Brazil. Deidentified data were drawn from medical records of 1440 adults (≥18 years old) who initiated systemic therapy (2011 to mid-2013) for a new, confirmed diagnosis of advanced or metastatic (stage IIIB or IV) NSCLC. We summarized HCRU associated with first and subsequent lines of systemic therapy for advanced/metastatic NSCLC. Results The proportion of patients who were hospitalized at least once varied by country from 24% in Italy to 81% in Japan during first-line therapy and from 22% in Italy to 84% in Japan during second-line therapy; overall hospitalization frequency was 2.5–11.1 per 100 patient-weeks, depending on country. Emergency visit frequency also varied among countries (overall from 0.3–5.9 per 100 patient-weeks), increasing consistently from first- through third-line therapy in each country. The outpatient setting was the most common setting of resource use. Most patients in the study had multiple outpatient visits in association with each line of therapy (overall from 21.1 to 59.0 outpatient visits per 100 patient-weeks, depending on country). The use of health care resources showed no regular pattern associated with results of tests for activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements. Conclusions HCRU varied across countries. These findings suggest differing approaches to the clinical management of advanced NSCLC among the eight countries. Comparative findings and an understanding of country-specific clinical practices can help to identify areas of need and guide future resource allocation for patients with advanced NSCLC. Further studies evaluating the costs associated with resource use are warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-2946-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Ho Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Phillip Parente
- Cancer Services, Box Hill Hospital, and Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Filippo de Marinis
- Thoracic Oncology Division, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Min Huang
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Ashwini Arunachalam
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.
| | - Smita Kothari
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Xiting Cao
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | | | | | - Javier de Castro
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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Narasimhaiah M, Arunachalam A, Sellappan S, Mayasula VK, Guvvala PR, Ghosh SK, Chandra V, Ghosh J, Kumar H. Organic zinc and copper supplementation on antioxidant protective mechanism and their correlation with sperm functional characteristics in goats. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:644-654. [PMID: 29450923 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trace minerals feeding had significant effects on sperm production and fertility with better absorption and proper utilization within the body for optimum reproductive function. Several studies have shown that more influenced trace elements in the diets of animals are copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Bucks showing deficiency of this mineral might affect the quality of semen production which in turn would affect the fertility. This experiment was thus designed to test the effects of organic Cu and Zn supplementation on antioxidants enzyme activities and sperm functional attributes in fresh semen of bucks. Forty bucks (n = 40, Aged 5 months) were assigned to ten groups of four animals in each group, supplemented (for a period of 8 months) with different levels of organic Zn: 20 mg (T2), 40 mg (T3) and 60 mg (T4), organic Cu: 12.5 mg (T5), 25 mg (T6), 37.5 mg (T7) and combined organic Zn and Cu: 20 + 12.5 mg (T8), 40 + 25 mg (T9), 60 + 37.5 mg (T10), respectively, per kg dry matter and no additional mineral diet (control; T1). One hundred and sixty semen samples were collected through electro-ejaculator and analysed for sperm quantity, quality, acrosome intactness and plasma membrane integrity and correlated with the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzyme activities in seminal plasma. The results indicated organic Cu and zinc supplemented bucks produced more sperm cells, had higher sperm concentrations, maintained higher (p < .01) sperm livability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, more motility and velocity. The increased antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced oxidative stress and lowered lipid peroxidation were positively correlated (p < .05) with the sperm functional attributes. In conclusion, organic Cu and Zn supplement to male goats showed protective roles against oxidative damage and maintained better fresh semen characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Narasimhaiah
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India.,Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - A Arunachalam
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Sellappan
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - V K Mayasula
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - P R Guvvala
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - S K Ghosh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - V Chandra
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - J Ghosh
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - H Kumar
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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26
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Isobe H, Mori K, Minato K, Katsura H, Taniguchi K, Arunachalam A, Kothari S, Cao X, Kato T. Real-world practice patterns for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan. Lung Cancer (Auckl) 2017; 8:191-206. [PMID: 29123433 PMCID: PMC5661576 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s140491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Recommended therapies for advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have changed with the advent of targeted therapies. The objectives of this retrospective chart review study were to describe treatment patterns, biomarker testing practices, and health care resource use for advanced NSCLC at 5 sites in Japan. Patients and methods We studied anonymized medical record data of patients aged ≥18 years who initiated systemic therapy for newly diagnosed stage IIIB or IV NSCLC from January 2011 through June 2013. Data were analyzed descriptively by histology and mutation status. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results We studied 175 patients, including 43 (25%), 129 (74%), and 3 (2%) with squamous, nonsquamous, and unknown NSCLC histology, respectively; 83% had stage IV NSCLC. Overall, 123 patients (70%) were male; the median age was 70 years (range, 47–86); and 33 (19%) were never-smokers. In the nonsquamous cohort, 105 (81%) and 25 (19%) of patients were tested for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, respectively; 44 (42%) had EGFR-positive NSCLC and 2 (8%) had ALK-positive NSCLC, including 26/46 (57%) women and 21/46 (46%) never-smokers. In the squamous cohort, 17 (40%) and 4 (9%), respectively, were tested; 1 EGFR-positive tumor was detected. After first-line therapy, 105 (60%) patients received second-line, and 54/105 (51%; or 31% overall) received third-line therapy. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors were most commonly prescribed for EGFR-positive NSCLC across all lines. In the nonsquamous EGFR/ALK-negative/unknown cohort, most received first-line platinum combinations, particularly younger patients (78% ≥75 years vs 93% <75 years old). The average hospitalization was 21 days/admission. The median (95% CI) overall survival from start of first-line therapy was 9.9 months (7.6–11.7) for all patients and 17.9 months (9.9–24.4) for patients with EGFR/ALK-positive status. Conclusion Biomarker testing is common for nonsquamous NSCLC at the 5 Japanese study sites. Treatment is personalized by mutation status and age, per guideline recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Isobe
- Department of Medical Oncology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Hokkaido
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- Department of Thoracic Diseases, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Tsuboi Cancer Center Hospital, Fukushima
| | - Koichi Minato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Gunma
| | - Hideki Katsura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Chiba
| | | | - Ashwini Arunachalam
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Smita Kothari
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Xiting Cao
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Terufumi Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
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de Castro J, Tagliaferri P, de Lima VCC, Ng S, Thomas M, Arunachalam A, Cao X, Kothari S, Burke T, Myeong H, Grattan A, Lee DH. Systemic therapy treatment patterns in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): PIvOTAL study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2017; 26. [PMID: 28748556 PMCID: PMC5697695 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this multinational retrospective cohort study, conducted at academic and community oncology centres, was to describe real‐world treatment patterns for patients with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced/metastatic (stage IIIB/IV) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who initiated first‐line systemic therapy from January 2011 through June 2014. The study included 1265 patients in Italy, Spain, Germany, Australia, Korea, Taiwan and Brazil. The proportion of patients with squamous versus non‐squamous NSCLC was approximately 20% versus 75%, and associated patient demographic characteristics were similar in all countries, excepting race. Patients with squamous NSCLC were predominantly male and current/ex‐smokers. Biomarker tests were performed for the majority of patients with non‐squamous NSCLC, ranging from 54% (Brazil) to 91% in Taiwan, where, of those tested, 68% with non‐squamous NSCLC had positive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutation status; in other countries the EGFR‐positive percentages ranged from 17% (Spain/Brazil) to 40% (Korea). Platinum‐based regimens were the most common first‐line therapy in all countries except Taiwan, where gefitinib was the most common first‐line agent. Median overall survival ranged from 9.3 months (Brazil) to 25.5 months (Taiwan). The diagnostic and treatment patterns recorded in this study were heterogeneous but largely in line with NSCLC guidelines during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Castro
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Tagliaferri
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - V C C de Lima
- Department of Medical Oncology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Ng
- Bendigo Cancer Centre, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Vic., Australia
| | - M Thomas
- Internistische Onkologie der Thoraxtumoren, Thoraxklinik im Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Arunachalam
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - X Cao
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - S Kothari
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - T Burke
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - H Myeong
- Oncology Global Medical Affairs, MSD Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - A Grattan
- MSD Australia, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Abernethy AP, Arunachalam A, Burke T, McKay C, Cao X, Sorg R, Carbone DP. Real-world first-line treatment and overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer without known EGFR mutations or ALK rearrangements in US community oncology setting. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28644837 PMCID: PMC5482433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish a baseline for care and overall survival (OS) based upon contemporary first-line treatments prescribed in the era before the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, for people with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without common actionable mutations. Methods Using a nationally representative electronic health record data from the Flatiron dataset which included 162 practices from different regions in US, we identified patients (≥18 years old) newly diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC initiating first-line anticancer therapy (November 2012- January 2015, with follow-up through July 2015). Patients with documented epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation were excluded. Anti-cancer drug therapy and overall survival were described overall, and by histology. Results A total of 2,014 patients with stage IV NSCLC without known EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations initiated systemic anticancer therapy, 22% with squamous and 78% with nonsquamous histology. Their mean (SD) age was 67 (10) years, 55% were male, and 87% had a smoking history. In nonsquamous NSCLC, carboplatin plus pemetrexed either without (25.7%) or with bevacizumab (16%) were the most common regimens; 26.6% of nonsquamous patients receiving induction therapy also received continuation maintenance therapy. In squamous NSCLC, carboplatin plus paclitaxel (37.6%) or nab-paclitaxel (21.1%) were the most commonly used regimens. Overall median OS was 9.7 months (95% CI: 9.1, 10.3), 8.5 months (95% CI: 7.4, 10.0) for squamous, and 10.0 months (95% CI: 9.4, 10.8) for nonsquamous NSCLC. Conclusion The results provide context for evaluating the effect of shifting treatment patterns of NSCLC treatments on patient outcomes, and for community oncology benchmarking initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy P. Abernethy
- Flatiron Health, Inc., New York, New York, United States of America
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ashwini Arunachalam
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Thomas Burke
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Caroline McKay
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Xiting Cao
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rachael Sorg
- Flatiron Health, Inc., New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David P. Carbone
- James Thoracic Oncology Center, Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Arunachalam A, Kothari S, Burke TA, Cao X, Huang M, Mendelsohn A, Lui C, Lee DH. Treatment patterns, biomarker testing (BMx) practices and health care resource use (HCRU) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.e20577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dae Ho Lee
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul, Seoul, Korea, The Republic of
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30
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McKay C, Arunachalam A, Burke TA, Cao X, Abernethy AP, Carbone DP. First-line treatment of metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC) patients without actionable mutations in U.S. community oncology clinical practice. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.7_suppl.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
307 Background: Benchmarking high quality care requires defining optimally effective practice patterns. As first step, contemporary real-world practice must be detailed. The purpose of this study is to describe patient flow from diagnosis of mNSCLC to initiation of anti-cancer drug therapy in patients without known EGFR/ALK genomic tumor aberrations; the characteristics and first-line (1L) anti-cancer treatment of these patients, including induction and maintenance therapy. Methods: Retrospective database cohort study using data from an oncology EHR system, representing 17% of incident cancer cases from US community setting. Study population includes patients diagnosed with stage IV mNSCLC treated between 11/ 1/12 and 1/31/15 with follow-up to 7/31/15. Treatment patterns include regimen, number of doses, and time to regimen discontinuation. Data are analyzed descriptively, for overall cohort and by histology, with time to treatment discontinuation analyses using the Kaplan Meier method. Results: Of 4441 patients with mNSCLC, 88% had EGFR/ALK negative or unknown status. Of 79% who initiated 1L therapy, 69.5% (n = 2014) of patients (78.4% non-squamous, 21.7% squamous) were included. 55.1% were men; 89.8% were age 65+. 83.4% received induction therapy only; 16.6% received induction and maintenance therapy. 85% received a platinum combination as induction therapy; the majority either received a carboplatin doublet (53.5%) or carboplatin doublet in combination with targeted therapy (23.3%). 14.4% received a non-platinum based regimen. During induction therapy only, mean duration for the most common regimen category (platinum based combination) was 96.9 (IQR 43-129) for squamous and 79.45 (IQR 36-108) days for non-squamous patients. Of non-squamous patients who received induction followed by maintenance, mean duration of therapy was 103.9 (IQR 66-134) and 140.7 (IQR 45-208) days for induction and maintenance, respectively. Conclusions: Results describe treatment patterns in the US community 1L setting, prior to introduction of anti-PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors and new angiogenesis inhibitors. These form a starting point for benchmarking high quality care in mNSCLC.
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Arunachalam A, Dhanapandian S, Manoharan C, Sridhar R. Characterization of sprayed TiO2 on ITO substrates for solar cell applications. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 149:904-912. [PMID: 26004100 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films had been deposited with various substrate temperatures by spray pyrolysis technique onto ITO substrates. All films exhibited polycrystalline nature with the preferred orientation along (101) plane. At the substrate temperature 450 °C, the film favored the formation of anatase phase. The higher substrate temperature (475 °C) favored the appearance of rutile structure. The SEM image of the film at substrate temperature (Ts=450 °C) showed high structural quality with the porous nature. The typical AFM image of TiO2 film deposited at the substrate temperature, 450 °C depicted the regular arrangement of fine closely packed tetragonal structured grains. The transmittance of the spectra exhibited above 85% with energy band gap of 3.6 eV. From the study of photoluminescence, the emission at 417 nm, 437 nm and with weak emission at 551 nm was observed, which confirmed the lesser defects in the samples. The electrical resistivity was found to be 6.856×10(1) Ω cm for the substrate temperature 450 °C. The efficiency of anatase TiO2 photoelectrode deposited at the substrate temperature 450 °C based cell was much higher than the efficiency of TiO2 photoelectrode deposited at the substrate temperature 475 °C based cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arunachalam
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Dhanapandian
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - C Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Sridhar
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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Whitman ED, Cao X, Stevinson KL, Arunachalam A, Mavros P. Patterns of ipilimumab (IPI) usage and health care resource utilization in a retrospective analysis of patients (pts) with melanoma covered in a large U.S. claims database. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e20028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Whitman
- Atlantic Melanoma Center, Carol G. Simon Cancer Center, Morristown, NJ
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Whitman ED, Cao X, Stevinson KL, Arunachalam A, Mavros P. Retrospective analysis of health care resource utilization in patients (pts) with ipilimumab-refractory (IPI-R) melanoma covered in a large U.S. claims database. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e20056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Dhanapandian S, Arunachalam A, Manoharan C. Highly oriented and physical properties of sprayed anatase Sn-doped TiO2 thin films with an enhanced antibacterial activity. Appl Nanosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-015-0450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Arunachalam A, Dhanapandian S, Manoharan C, Sivakumar G. Physical properties of Zn doped TiO2 thin films with spray pyrolysis technique and its effects in antibacterial activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 138:105-112. [PMID: 25479105 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2: Zn) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by the spray pyrolysis technique with the substrate temperature 450°C. The structural, optical, photoluminescence (PL) properties and morphological studies were investigated for the films deposited with various doping concentration (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8at.%) of zinc. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) had shown the presence of anatase peak with a strong orientation along (101) plane at 8at.% of Zn-doped TiO2 film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study showed the uniform distribution of grains with porous nature. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations indicated the tetragonal shape at 8at.% of Zn-doped TiO2 with the particle size and decrease in surface roughness. The emission at 398nm was observed at the 8at.% of Zn-doped TiO2 thin film. The carrier concentration and Hall mobility was increased with doping. The antibacterial activity was highly yielded for the Zn-doped TiO2 thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arunachalam
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Dhanapandian
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Sivakumar
- Centralised Instrumentation and Service Laboratory (CISL), Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Aloia JF, Mikhail M, Pagan CD, Arunachalam A, Yeh JK, Flaster E. Biochemical and hormonal variables in black and white women matched for age and weight. J Lab Clin Med 1998; 132:383-9. [PMID: 9823932 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2143(98)90109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Weight and age may influence the levels of indexes of bone remodeling and the calciotropic hormones. In a study of interracial differences in these women, our black population was heavier than our white population. We therefore matched a subset of 96 black and 96 white women from our larger population for age and weight to determine whether a racial difference exists independent of the effects of weight and age. In addition, we were able to measure other indexes of bone remodeling (N-telopeptide of cross-linked collagen and pyridinoline cross-links), as well as hormones that may influence calcium metabolism (insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin, calcitonin, and gastrin) in this subset. All indexes of bone remodeling were lower in black women. Black postmenopausal women had lower serum levels of calcidiol and higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The higher bone mass of black women is associated with lower bone remodeling in the presence of skeletal resistance to PTH. Serum IGF- 1, insulin, and calcitonin levels did not differ significantly between races. Serum gastrin levels were higher in black women. The higher levels of gastrin in black women should be investigated further for its possible effect on the absorption of calcium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Aloia
- Department of Medicine, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501, USA
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