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Qazi AK, Siddiqui JA, Jahan R, Chaudhary S, Walker LA, Sayed Z, Jones DT, Batra SK, Macha MA. Emerging therapeutic potential of graviola and its constituents in cancers. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:522-533. [PMID: 29462271 PMCID: PMC5888937 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death in the USA and around the world. Although the current synthetic inhibitors used in targeted therapies have improved patient prognosis, toxicity and development of resistance to these agents remain a challenge. Plant-derived natural products and their derivatives have historically been used to treat various diseases, including cancer. Several leading chemotherapeutic agents are directly or indirectly based on botanical natural products. Beyond these important drugs, however, a number of crude herbal or botanical preparations have also shown promising utility for cancer and other disorders. One such natural resource is derived from certain plants of the family Annonaceae, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Among the best known of these is Annona muricata, also known as soursop, graviola or guanabana. Extracts from the fruit, bark, seeds, roots and leaves of graviola, along with several other Annonaceous species, have been extensively investigated for anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Phytochemical studies have identified the acetogenins, a class of bioactive polyketide-derived constituents, from the extracts of Annonaceous species, and dozens of these compounds are present in different parts of graviola. This review summarizes current literature on the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanism of these constituents from A.muricata against cancer and many non-malignant diseases. Based on available data, there is good evidence that these long-used plants could have both chemopreventive and therapeutic potential. Appropriate attention to safety studies will be important to assess their effectiveness on various diseases caused or promoted by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khurshid Qazi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - Zafar Sayed
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dwight T Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Macha MA, Rachagani S, Qazi AK, Jahan R, Gupta S, Patel A, Seshacharyulu P, Lin C, Li S, Wang S, Verma V, Kishida S, Kishida M, Nakamura N, Kibe T, Lydiatt WM, Smith RB, Ganti AK, Jones DT, Batra SK, Jain M. Afatinib radiosensitizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20961-20973. [PMID: 28423495 PMCID: PMC5400558 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dismal prognosis of locally advanced and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is primarily due to the development of resistance to chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Deregulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling is involved in HNSCC pathogenesis by regulating cell survival, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and resistance to CRT. Here we investigated the radiosensitizing activity of the pan-EGFR inhibitor afatinib in HNSCC in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed strong antiproliferative effects of afatinib in HNSCC SCC1 and SCC10B cells, compared to immortalized normal oral epithelial cells MOE1a and MOE1b. Comparative analysis revealed stronger antitumor effects with afatinib than observed with erlotinib. Furthermore, afatinib enhanced in vitro radiosensitivity of SCC1 and SCC10B cells by inducing mesenchymal to epithelial transition, G1 cell cycle arrest, and the attenuating ionizing radiation (IR)-induced activation of DNA double strand break repair (DSB) ATM/ATR/CHK2/BRCA1 pathway. Our studies also revealed the effect of afatinib on tumor sphere- and colony-forming capabilities of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and decreased IR-induced CSC population in SCC1 and SCC10B cells. Furthermore, we observed that a combination of afatinib with IR significantly reduced SCC1 xenograft tumors (median weight of 168.25 ± 20.85 mg; p = 0.05) compared to afatinib (280.07 ± 20.54 mg) or IR alone (324.91 ± 28.08 mg). Immunohistochemical analysis of SCC1 tumor xenografts demonstrated downregulation of the expression of IR-induced pEGFR1, ALDH1 and upregulation of phosphorylated γH2AX by afatinib. Overall, afatinib reduces tumorigenicity and radiosensitizes HNSCC cells. It holds promise for future clinical development as a novel radiosensitizer by improving CSC eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Asif Khurshid Qazi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Suprit Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Anery Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sicong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shosei Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan,
| | - Michiko Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan,
| | - Norifumi Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kibe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - William M Lydiatt
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Russell B Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Apar K Ganti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dwight T Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Shah AM, Wani A, Qazi PH, Rehman SU, Mushtaq S, Ali SA, Hussain A, Shah A, Qazi AK, Makhdoomi US, Hamid A, Kumar A. Isolation and characterization of alborixin from Streptomyces scabrisporus: A potent cytotoxic agent against human colon (HCT-116) cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 256:198-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hussain A, Qazi AK, Mupparapu N, Guru SK, Kumar A, Sharma PR, Singh SK, Singh P, Dar MJ, Bharate SB, Zargar MA, Ahmed QN, Bhushan S, Vishwakarma RA, Hamid A. Modulation of glycolysis and lipogenesis by novel PI3K selective molecule represses tumor angiogenesis and decreases colorectal cancer growth. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:250-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hussain A, Qazi AK, Mupparapu N, Kumar A, Mintoo MJ, Mahajan G, Sharma PR, Singh SK, Bharate SB, Zargar MA, Ahmed QN, Mondhe DM, Vishwakarma RA, Hamid A. A novel PI3K axis selective molecule exhibits potent tumor inhibition in colorectal carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2135-2155. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aashiq Hussain
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
| | - Asif Khurshid Qazi
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
| | - Nagaraju Mupparapu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
| | - Mubashir Javeed Mintoo
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
| | - Girish Mahajan
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
| | - Parduman Raj Sharma
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
| | - Shashank Kumar Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Govt. of India
| | - Sandip B. Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Govt. of India
| | | | - Qazi Naveed Ahmed
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Govt. of India
| | - Dilip Manikrao Mondhe
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Govt. of India
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Govt. of India
| | - Abid Hamid
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Govt. of India
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Dar RA, Qazi PH, Saba I, Rather SA, Wani ZA, Qazi AK, Shiekh AA, Manzoor A, Hamid A, Modae DM. Cytotoxic Potential and Molecular Characterization of Fungal Endophytes from Selected High Value Medicinal Plants of the Kashmir Valley - India. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2015; 66:121-5. [PMID: 26011814 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1550042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores the fungal endophytes from selected high value medicinal plants to check their activities at in-vitro and in-vivo level. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of selected endophytes revealed potent growth inhibition against human cancer cell lines of leukemia (THP-1), lung (A549), prostate (PC-3), colon (Caco-2), neuroblastoma (IMR-32) and breast (MCF-7) at a concentration of 100 µg/ml. Among them the endophytic strains I. e., IIIM2, IIIM3, IIIM7 and IIIM8 showed most significant growth inhibition against colon (Caco-2), prostate (PC-3), lung (A549) and leukemia (THP-1) cancer cell lines. At the in-vivo level maximum (58.95%) tumor growth inhibition was documented with the extract of IIIM2 against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma mouse modal. All the potent fungal endophytic strains were characterized using ITS 4 and ITS 5 region sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was ascertained among them. This paper confirms the 2 elite endophytic fungal strains, IIIM2 and IIIM8, have the potential to act as a source of new anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Dar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar - Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - P H Qazi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar - Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - I Saba
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar - Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - S A Rather
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar - Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Z A Wani
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu - Tawi, India
| | - A K Qazi
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu - Tawi, India
| | - A A Shiekh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar - Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - A Manzoor
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar - Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - A Hamid
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu - Tawi, India
| | - D M Modae
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu - Tawi, India
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Singh B, Kumar A, Joshi P, Guru SK, Kumar S, Wani ZA, Mahajan G, Hussain A, Qazi AK, Kumar A, Bharate SS, Gupta BD, Sharma PR, Hamid A, Saxena AK, Mondhe DM, Bhushan S, Bharate SB, Vishwakarma RA. Colchicine derivatives with potent anticancer activity and reduced P-glycoprotein induction liability. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5674-89. [PMID: 25895604 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00406c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colchicine (1), a nature-derived microtubule polymerization inhibitor, develops multi-drug resistance in tumor cells due to its P-gp substrate and induction activity, which in turn leads to its rapid efflux from tumor cells. This auto-induction of the efflux of colchicine remains a major challenge to medicinal chemists. Based on structure-based molecular modeling, a series of new colchicine derivatives were designed and synthesized with a potential for reduced P-gp induction liability. Screening of the prepared derivatives for P-gp induction activity revealed that a number of derivatives possess remarkably lower P-gp-induction activity (>90% intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 in LS-180 cells) compared to the parent natural product colchicine (62% Rh123 accumulation in LS-180 cells). The reduced P-gp-induction activity of new derivatives may be due to their reduced ability to interact and change the conformation of P-gp. The synthesized derivatives were then screened for antiproliferative activity against two colon cancer cell lines including HCT-116 and Colo-205. The derivative 4o showed potent cytotoxicity in HCT-116 cells with IC50 of 0.04 μM with significantly reduced P-gp induction liability. Compound 4o also inhibited microtubule assembly and induced expression of pro-apoptotic protein p21. In an Ehrlich solid tumor mice model, compound 4o showed 38% TGI with no mortality at 2 mg kg(-1) dose (oral). Compound 4o, with potent in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity, significantly reduced P-gp induction activity and its excellent physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties open up new opportunities for the colchicine scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Singh
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
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Rakashanda S, Qazi AK, Majeed R, Andrabi SM, Hamid A, Sharma PR, Amin S. Plant-derived protease inhibitors LC-pi (Lavatera cashmeriana) inhibit human lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Nutr Cancer 2014; 67:156-66. [PMID: 25412192 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.967876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to check the anticancer activity of purified protease inhibitors of Lavatera cashmeriana viz LC-pi I, II, III, and IV (Lavatera cashmeriana protease inhibitors) on A549 (lung) cell. It was found that LC-pi I and II significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells with IC₅₀ value of 54 μg/ml and 38 μg/ml, respectively, whereas inhibition by LC-pi III and IV was negligible. LC-pi I and II were further found to inhibit formation of colonies in a dose-dependent manner. Also, both inhibitors were found to induce apoptosis causing chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, without loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Cell cycle revealed a significant increase of subG₀/G₁ phase cells that are apoptotic cells. We also demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in migration of A549 cells on cell migration assay by both inhibitors. Taken together, we demonstrate that LC-pi I and II inhibited proliferation through arresting cells before apoptosis, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell migration in human lung cancer cells, but the study warrants further investigation. Our results support the notion that plant protease inhibitors may have the potential to advance as chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rakashanda
- a Department of Biochemistry , The University of Kashmir , Srinagar , India
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Qazi AK, Hussain A, Aga MA, Ali S, Taneja SC, Sharma PR, Saxena AK, Mondhe DM, Hamid A. Cell specific apoptosis by RLX is mediated by NFκB in human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:36. [PMID: 25303828 PMCID: PMC4195704 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-15-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to chemotherapy represents a major obstacle in correcting colorectal carcinomas (CRC). Inspite of recent advances in the treatment of metastatic disease, the prognosis of the patients remains poor. RLX, a vasicinone analogue has been reported to possess potent bronchodilator, anti-asthmatic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its anti-cancer activity is unknown. Results Here, we report for the first time that RLX has anti-cancer property against panel of human cancer cell lines and most potent activity was found against HCT-116 cells with IC50 value of 12 μM and have further investigated the involvement of NFκB and caspase-3 in RLX action in CRC apoptosis. Following RLX and BEZ-235 treatment in HCT-116, we observed significant down-regulation of NFκB (1 to 0.1 fold) and up-regulation of caspase-3 (1 to 2 fold) protein expressions. Additionally, morphological studies revealed membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and finally apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. Conclusions Overall, these findings indicate that RLX is a potent small molecule which triggers apoptosis, and promising potential candidate to be a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abid Hamid
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.
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Lal K, Kaushik CP, Kumar K, Kumar A, Qazi AK, Hamid A, Jaglan S. One-pot synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of amide-linked 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-bistriazoles. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rakashanda S, Qazi AK, Majeed R, Rafiq S, Dar IM, Masood A, Hamid A, Amin S. Antiproliferative activity of Lavatera cashmeriana- protease inhibitors towards human cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3975-8. [PMID: 23886217 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteases play a regulatory role in a variety of pathologies including cancer, pancreatitis, thromboembolic disorders, viral infections and many others. One of the possible strategies to combat these pathologies seems to be the use of protease inhibitors. LC-pi I, II, III and IV (Lavatera cashmerian-protease inhibitors) have been found in vitro to strongly inhibit trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase, proteases contributing to tumour invasion and metastasis, indicated possible anticancer effects. The purpose of this study was to check in vitro anticancer activity of these four inhibitors on human lung cancer cell lines. MATERIAL AND METHODS In order to assess whether these inhibitors induced in vitro cytoxicity, SRB assay was conducted with THP-1 (leukemia), NCIH322 (lung) and Colo205, HCT-116 (colon) lines. RESULTS LC-pi I significantly inhibited the cell proliferation of all cells tested and also LC-pi II was active in all except HCT-116. Inhibition of cell growth by LC-pi III and IV was negligible. IC50 values of LC-pi I and II for NCIH322, were less compared to other cell lines suggesting that lung cancer cells are more inhibited. CONCLUSION These investigations might point to future preventive as well as curative solutions using plant protease inhibitors for various cancers, especially in the lung, hence warranting their further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rakashanda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J and K, India
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Rafiq S, Majeed R, Qazi AK, Ganai BA, Wani I, Rakhshanda S, Qurishi Y, Sharma PR, Hamid A, Masood A, Hamid R. Isolation and antiproliferative activity of Lotus corniculatus lectin towards human tumour cell lines. Phytomedicine 2013; 21:30-38. [PMID: 24055517 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the anti cancer activity of a lectin isolated from Lotus corniculatus seeds. A tetrameric 70kDa galactose specific lectin was purified using two step simple purification protocol which involved affinity chromatography on AF-BlueHC650M and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The lectin was adsorbed on AF-BlueHC650M and desorbed using 1M NaCl in the starting buffer. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 yielded a major peak absorbance that gave two bands of 15kDa and 20kDa in SDS PAGE. Hemagglutination activity was completely preserved, when the temperature was in the range of 20-60°C. However, drastic reduction in activity occurred at temperatures above 60°C. Full hemagglutination activity was retained at ambient pH 4-12. Thereafter no activity was observed above pH 13. Hemaglutination of the lectin was inhibited by d-galactose. The lectin showed a strong antiproliferative activity towards human leukemic (THP-1) cancer cells followed by lung cancer (HOP62) cells and HCT116 with an IC50 of 39μg/ml and 50μg/ml and 60μg/ml respectively. Flow cytometry analysis showed an increase in the percentage of cells in sub G0G1 phase confirming that Lotus corniculatus lectin induced apoptosis. Morphological observations showed that Lotus corniculatus lectin (LCL) treated THP-1 cells displayed apparent apoptosis characteristics such as nuclear fragmentation, appearance of membrane enclosed apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation. Lotus corniculatus lectin (LCL) effectively inhibits the cell migration in a dose dependent manner as indicated by the wound healing assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Rafiq
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India
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Wani BA, Ramamoorthy D, Rather MA, Arumugam N, Qazi AK, Majeed R, Hamid A, Ganie SA, Ganai BA, Anand R, Gupta AP. Induction of apoptosis in human pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cells through the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by Gentiana kurroo root extract and LC-ESI-MS analysis of its principal constituents. Phytomedicine 2013; 20:723-733. [PMID: 23453831 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the methanolic root extract of Gentiana kurroo for antioxidant and antiproliferative activities as well as to study the effect of the extract on the induction of apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell line (MiaPaCa-2). The extract exerted significant antioxidant activity as verified by DPPH, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation and protective oxidative DNA damage assays. The results were comparable to standard antioxidants like α-tocopherol, catechin and BHT used in such experiments. Antioxidant potential of G. kurroo may be attributed to the presence of high phenolic and flavonoid content (73±1.02 and 46±2.05 mg/g extract respectively). The anti-proliferative property of Gentiana kurroo root extract was determined by sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay against Human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116), Lung carcinoma cell line (A-549), Pancreatic cancer cell line (MiaPaCa-2), Lung cancer cell line (HOP-62) and acute monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP-1). G. kurroo root extract inhibited cancer cell growth depending upon the cell line used and in a dose dependent manner. The extract induced potent apoptotic effects in MiaPaCa-2 cells. The population of apoptotic cells increased from 11.4% in case of control to 49.6% at 100 μg/ml of G. kurroo root extract. The extract also induced a remarkable decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) leading to apoptosis of cancer cells used. The main chemical constituents identified by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MSMS) were found to be iridoid glucosides (iridoids and secoiridoids), xanthones and flavonoids. Iridoid glucosides are the bitter principles of Gentiana species. Loganic acid, Sweroside, Swertiamarin, Gentiopicroside, Gentisin, Isogentisin, Gentioside, Norswertianolin, Swertianolin, 4″-O-β-D-glucosyl-6'-O-(4-O-β-D-glucosylcaffeoyl)-linearoside and Swertisin were the principal compounds present in the methanol root extract of G. kurroo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Wani
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
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Ahmad M, Hamid A, Hussain A, Majeed R, Qurishi Y, Bhat JA, Najar RA, Qazi AK, Zargar MA, Singh SK, Saxena AK. Understanding histone deacetylases in the cancer development and treatment: an epigenetic perspective of cancer chemotherapy. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31 Suppl 1:S62-71. [PMID: 22462686 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a pathologic condition that involves genetic and epigenetic events culminating in neoplastic transformation. Alteration in epigenetic events that regulate the transcriptional activity of genes associated with various signaling pathways can influence multiple stages of tumorigenesis. In cancer cells, an imbalance often exists between histone acetyl transferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities, and current research focuses actively on seeking competitive HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) for chemotherapeutic intervention. HDACi are proving useful for cancer prevention and therapy by virtue of their ability to reactivate the expression of epigenetically silenced genes, including those involved in differentiation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, epidemiological studies suggest that different diets such as intake of cruciferous vegetables may lower the risk of different cancers, and there is growing interest in identifying the specific chemoprotective constituents and mechanistic insights of their action. Interestingly, it has been observed that cancer cells are more sensitive than nontransformed cells to apoptotic induction by some HDACi. Although the mechanistic basis for this sensitivity is unclear, yet HDACi have emerged as important epigenetic target for single and combinatorial chemotherapy. HDACi derived from diverse sources such as microbial, dietary, and synthetic increase acetylation level of cells and bring about anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects specific to cancer cells by way of their role in cell cycle regulation and expression of epigenetically silenced genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassier Ahmad
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Jammu, India
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