1
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Gonzalez A, Soto J, Babiker N, Wroblewski K, Sawicki S, Schoeller D, Luke A, Huisingh-Scheetz M. Higher baseline resting metabolic rate is associated with 1-year frailty decline among older adults residing in an urban area. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:815. [PMID: 38062368 PMCID: PMC10704798 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated energy metabolism is one hypothesized mechanism underlying frailty. Resting energy expenditure, as reflected by resting metabolic rate (RMR), makes up the largest component of total energy expenditure. Prior work relating RMR to frailty has largely been done in cross section with mixed results. We investigated whether and how RMR related to 1-year frailty change while adjusting for body composition. METHODS N = 116 urban, predominantly African-American older adults were recruited between 2011 and 2019. One-year frailty phenotype (0-5) was regressed on baseline RMR, frailty phenotype, demographics and body composition (DEXA) in an ordinal logistic regression model. Multimorbidity (Charlson comorbidity scale, polypharmacy) and cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) were separately added to the model to assess for change to the RMR-frailty relationship. The model was then stratified by baseline frailty status (non-frail, pre-frail) to explore differential RMR effects across frailty. RESULTS Higher baseline RMR was associated with worse 1-year frailty (odds ratio = 1.006 for each kcal/day, p = 0.001) independent of baseline frailty, demographics, and body composition. Lower fat-free mass (odds ratio = 0.88 per kg mass, p = 0.008) was independently associated with worse 1-year frailty scores. Neither multimorbidity nor cognitive function altered these relationships. The associations between worse 1-year frailty and higher baseline RMR (odds ratio = 1.009, p < 0.001) and lower baseline fat-free mass (odds ratio = 0.81, p = 0.006) were strongest among those who were pre-frail at baseline. DISCUSSION We are among the first to relate RMR to 1-year change in frailty scores. Those with higher baseline RMR and lower fat-free mass had worse 1-year frailty scores, but these relationships were strongest among adults who were pre-frail at baseline. These relationships were not explained by chronic disease or impaired cognition. These results provide new evidence suggesting higher resting energy expenditure is associated with accelerate frailty decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Soto
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA
| | | | - K Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - S Sawicki
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - D Schoeller
- University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, USA
| | - A Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University, Chicago, USA
| | - Megan Huisingh-Scheetz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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2
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Abstract
The South African (SA) medical internship training programme model was recently revised to extend training into the primary care platform. In this article, we reflect on the experiences of training under the new model from an intern perspective. We use these reflections to make recommendations to the Health Professions Council of SA on how to further improve the training model by implementing systems that guide and empower the intern doctor practising at a primary level of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ramoolla
- Madwaleni District Hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - G Van der Haar
- Madwaleni District Hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - A Luke
- Bheki Mlangeni Distor any of the authorsrict Hospital, Gauteng, South Africa.
| | - R King
- Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex, North West Province, South Africa.
| | - N Jacob
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - B Luke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Health, North West Province.
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3
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Woodhall-Melnik J, Dunn JR, Dweik I, Monette C, Nombro E, Pappas J, Lamont A, Dutton D, Doucet S, Luke A, Matheson FI, Nisenbaum R, Stergiopoulos V, Stewart C. NB housing study protocol: investigating the relationship between subsidized housing, mental health, physical health and healthcare use in New Brunswick, Canada. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2448. [PMID: 36577991 PMCID: PMC9795752 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Income and housing are pervasive social determinants of health. Subsidized housing is a prominent affordability mechanism in Canada; however, waitlists are lengthy. Subsidized rents should provide greater access to residual income, which may theoretically improve health outcomes. However, little is known about the health of tenants who wait for and receive subsidized housing. This is especially problematic for New Brunswick, a Canadian province with low population density, whose inhabitants experience income inequality, social exclusion, and challenges with healthcare access. METHODS: This study will use a longitudinal, prospective matched cohort design. All 4,750 households on New Brunswick's subsidized housing wait list will be approached to participate. The survey measures various demographic, social and health indicators at six-month intervals for up to 18 months as they wait for subsidized housing. Those who receive housing will join an intervention group and receive surveys for an additional 18 months post-move date. With consent, participants will have their data linked to a provincial administrative database of medical records. DISCUSSION: Knowledge of housing and health is sparse in Canada. This study will provide stakeholders with a wealth of health information on a population that is historically under-researched and underserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Woodhall-Melnik
- grid.266820.80000 0004 0402 6152Department of Social Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park, Saint John, New Brunswick, NB E2L 4L5 Canada
| | - J. R. Dunn
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Health, Aging and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - I. Dweik
- grid.266820.80000 0004 0402 6152Department of Social Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park, Saint John, New Brunswick, NB E2L 4L5 Canada
| | - C. Monette
- grid.266820.80000 0004 0402 6152Department of Social Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park, Saint John, New Brunswick, NB E2L 4L5 Canada
| | - E. Nombro
- grid.266820.80000 0004 0402 6152Department of Social Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park, Saint John, New Brunswick, NB E2L 4L5 Canada
| | - J. Pappas
- grid.266820.80000 0004 0402 6152Department of Social Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park, Saint John, New Brunswick, NB E2L 4L5 Canada
| | - A. Lamont
- grid.266820.80000 0004 0402 6152Department of Social Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park, Saint John, New Brunswick, NB E2L 4L5 Canada ,grid.266820.80000 0004 0402 6152Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - D. Dutton
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - S. Doucet
- grid.266820.80000 0004 0402 6152Department of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - A. Luke
- grid.415502.7MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - F. I. Matheson
- grid.415502.7MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - R. Nisenbaum
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - V. Stergiopoulos
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.468082.00000 0000 9533 0272Canadian Mental Health Association, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - C. Stewart
- grid.266820.80000 0004 0402 6152Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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4
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Majmudar U, Patel S, Shin J, Gjelaj C, Luke A, Forest S, Goldstein D, Hemmige V, Sims D. TB or Non-TB, How to Treat These Infections in a Heart Transplant Patient (That is the Question!). J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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5
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Markoulakis R, Luke A, Reid A, Mehra K, Levitt A, Doucet S. Proceedings of the inaugural Canadian Healthcare Navigation Conference: a forum for sharing innovations and best practices in navigation services. BMC Proc 2021; 15:24. [PMID: 34844595 PMCID: PMC8629593 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-021-00229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals experiencing chronic illnesses face many physical, emotional, and social strains as a result of their illnesses, all the while trying to navigate unfamiliar territory in the healthcare system. Navigation is a strategy that can help people facing complex care needs and barriers to care in finding and accessing needed supports in the health care system. Navigators provide a patient-centred service, guiding individuals through their care plans and overcoming barriers to care. Navigation supports for individuals experiencing complex care needs have shown significant promise and have been gaining traction across Canada. Methods The Canadian Healthcare Navigation Conference was the first event of its kind in Canada to bring together navigation researchers, service providers, students, decision makers, and individuals with lived experience to share lessons learned, promising practices, and research findings. This event was co-hosted by the Family Navigation Project at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and NaviCare/SoinsNavi at the University of New Brunswick, and took place virtually on April 15–16, 2021. Results This event spanned two days, which both began with a keynote address, one from a researcher and medical professional in navigation, and another from an individual with lived experience involved in advocacy in Canadian healthcare. Concurrent oral presentations by a variety of presenters were held following each keynote presentation. A poster session was held at the end of the first day, and a panel presentation rounded out the second day. Concurrent and poster presentations covered a range of topics pertaining to approaches to navigation, navigator roles, evaluation and quality improvement, lived experience in navigation, and navigation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The panel presentation focused on identifying how the navigation field has progressed in Canada and identifying crucial next steps in navigation. These next steps were determined to be: 1) agreement on navigation-related definitions, 2) regulation and training, 3) equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility, 4) integrating lived experience, and 5) regional coordination. Conclusion This conference was an important first step to creating a shared national conversation about navigation services so that we can continue to develop, implement, and share best evidence and practices in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Markoulakis
- Family Navigation Project, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - A Luke
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of New Brunswick Saint John, Saint John, Canada.,Centre for Research in Integrated Care, University of New Brunswick, St. John, Canada
| | - A Reid
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of New Brunswick Saint John, Saint John, Canada.,Centre for Research in Integrated Care, University of New Brunswick, St. John, Canada
| | - K Mehra
- Family Navigation Project, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Levitt
- Family Navigation Project, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Doucet
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of New Brunswick Saint John, Saint John, Canada.,Centre for Research in Integrated Care, University of New Brunswick, St. John, Canada
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McGuire S, Luke A, Klassen A, Rentz L, Sztajnkrycer M. 11 What Medics Want: Analysis of Feedback and Patient Follow-up Requests from Out-of-Hospital Providers at an Academic Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Asher KE, Doucet S, Luke A. Registered dietitians' perceptions and use of the plant‐based recommendations in the 2019 Canada's Food Guide. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 34:715-723. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Asher
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences University of New Brunswick Saint John NB Canada
| | - S. Doucet
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences University of New Brunswick Saint John NB Canada
| | - A. Luke
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences University of New Brunswick Saint John NB Canada
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8
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Gjelaj C, Luke A, Paschenko A, Fletcher R, Borukhov E, Nnani D, Sims D, Vukelic S, Saeed O, Shin J, Murthy S, Goldstein D, Jorde U, Patel S. Sum Total MFI of Donor-Specific Antibody - A Prognostic Marker in Antibody-Mediated Rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Wan N, Travin M, Luke A, Gjelaj C, Paschenko A, Saeed O, Sims D, Shin J, Vukelic S, Murthy S, Chavez P, Patel S, Jorde U. Poor Glycemic Control Correlates with Worse Myocardial Flow Measured by Ammonia-13 Positron Emission Tomography in Cardiac Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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10
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Talukder S, Mendiratta SK, Kumar RR, Agrawal RK, Soni A, Luke A, Chand S. Jamun fruit ( Syzgium cumini) skin extract based indicator for monitoring chicken patties quality during storage. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:537-548. [PMID: 32116363 PMCID: PMC7016058 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural plant pigment, anthocyanins have the capability to change its color with the change of its structure influenced by changing pH. This feature of anthocyanin has been harnessed to design a meat products quality indicator. In the present experiment anthocyanin rich Jamun fruit (Syzgium cumini) skin extract was used to develop quality indicator by immobilizing on filter paper strips with the purpose of application in chicken patties packets stored at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 1 °C). The indicator changed its color from violet to yellow due to changed pH in it when it was attached inside packet of chicken patties during storage, due to reaction with volatile basic compounds generated from meat. During storage for 21 days, various changes in quality attributes of chicken patties viz., pH, Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), ammonia level, color value, sensory attributes and microbial evaluation were estimated. The pH decreased (P < 0.5) from 6.22 to 6.04. TVBN and ammonia and level increased significantly (P < 0.5) throughout storage. Redness, yellowness, hue and chroma value gradually changed during storage. Sensory scores also decreased significantly (P < 0.5). Microbial count also increased (P < 0.5) during this time. The experiment showed that, during storage, the color changing pattern of quality indicator was well correlated with the changes in quality attributes of chicken meat patties. Therefore, it is expected that the developed quality indicator can provide a convenient, non destructive, visual mean to monitor the meat products quality during refrigerated storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Talukder
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - S. K. Mendiratta
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - R. R. Kumar
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - R. K. Agrawal
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - A. Soni
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - A. Luke
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - S. Chand
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
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Kelly KJ, Doucet S, Luke A. Exploring the roles, functions, and background of patient navigators and case managers: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 98:27-47. [PMID: 31271977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient navigators and case managers are health care workers who aim to provide individualized assistance to patients facing significant health concerns. Although these roles emerged from distinct historical need, the terms are often used interchangeably in the literature and are described to have overlapping functions. Differences in the way that these roles are conceptualized across countries has led to a lack of clarity regarding the exact functions that each offer to patients, caregivers, and the health care system. OBJECTIVES To differentiate the functions and backgrounds of patient navigators and case managers across settings and disease contexts. DESIGN This review was guided based on the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews using a five-step review process: identify the research questions; search and identify relevant studies; select studies based on a priori criterion; chart the data; and collate, summarize and report the results. DATA SOURCES A search of the literature was undertaken in peer-reviewed databases (Medline, CINAHL, and PubMed) and the grey literature (Google and unpublished articles in online repositories). REVIEW METHODS Extracted data included information on patient navigators and/or case managers related to their reported background, training, and/or knowledge; roles and/or specific functions; clinical setting; and targeted condition or disease type. RESULTS The search strategy resulted in 10,523 articles. After applying the eligibility criteria during title and abstract evaluation, 468 full-text articles were reviewed, resulting in a total of 160 articles. Functions of patient navigators and case managers were organized into nine emerging categories: (1) advocacy; (2) care coordination; (3) case monitoring and patient needs assessment; (4) community engagement; (5) education; (6) administration and research activities; (7) psychosocial support; (8) navigation of services; and (9) reduction of barriers. The background and knowledge areas of each role were compared and contrasted, and three categories related to the practice context of each role were identified: (1) typical setting and care trajectory; (2) target patient population; and (3) mode of service delivery. CONCLUSIONS The current study identified important differences in the functions between patient navigators and case managers. However, there remains significant ambiguity between the functions of these two roles. Standardized definitions detailing scope of practice, and allowing for inherent flexibility across different settings, are needed to improve service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Kelly
- University of New Brunswick Saint John, 100 Tucker Park Road, P.O. Box 5050, E2L 4L5, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - S Doucet
- University of New Brunswick Saint John, 100 Tucker Park Road, P.O. Box 5050, E2L 4L5, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - A Luke
- University of New Brunswick Saint John, 100 Tucker Park Road, P.O. Box 5050, E2L 4L5, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Oh K, Mustehsan M, Sims D, Saeed O, Vukelic S, Shin J, Murthy S, Luke A, Forest S, Goldstein D, Jorde U, Patel S. Protocol Endomyocardial Biopsy beyond Six Months - It's Time to Move On. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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13
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Alvarez Villela M, Chinnadurai T, Salkey K, Furlani A, Yanamandala M, Luke A, Castillo C, Taveras M, Sims D, Saeed O, Shin J, Pina I, Jorde U, Patel S. High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Exercise Performance in Patients with LVAD. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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14
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Shah A, Sims D, Madan S, Siddiqi N, Luke A, Saeed O, Patel S, Murthy S, Shin J, Watts S, Jakobleff W, Forest S, Vukelic S, Belov D, Puius Y, Minamoto G, Muggia V, Carlese A, Leung S, Rahmanian M, Leff J, Goldstein D, Jorde U. A Multidisciplinary Continuous Support Heart Team Approach Improves Survival in Continuous Flow LVAD Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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Luke A, Castillo C, Taveras M, Chinnadurai T, Rangasamy S, Goldstein D, Jorde U, Patel S. IPADS and LVADS: VAD Coordinator Telemonitoring. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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16
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Du Z, Lubmawa A, Gundell S, Wan P, Nalukenge C, Muwanga P, Lutalo M, Nansereko D, Ndaruhutse O, Katuku M, Nassanga R, Asiimwe F, Masaba B, Kaggwa S, Namuguzi D, Kiddu V, Mutema G, Conti DV, Luke A, Job K, Henry DM, Haiman CA, Watya S. Genetic risk of prostate cancer in Ugandan men. Prostate 2018; 78:370-376. [PMID: 29356057 PMCID: PMC7534689 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men of African-ancestry have elevated prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality compared to men of other racial groups. There is support for a genetic contribution to this disparity, with evidence of genetic heterogeneity in the underlying risk alleles between populations. Studies of PCa among African men may inform the contribution of genetic risk factors to the elevated disease burden in this population. METHODS We conducted an association study of >100 previously reported PCa risk alleles among 571 incidence cases and 485 controls among Uganda men. Unconditional logistic regression was used to test genetic associations and a polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived to assess the cumulative effect of the known risk alleles in association with PCa risk. In an exploratory analysis, we also tested associations of 17 125 421 genotyped and imputed markers genome-wide in association with PCa risk. RESULTS Of the 111 known risk loci with a frequency >1%, 75 (68%) had effects that were directionally consistent with the initial discovery population,14 (13%) of which were nominally significantly associated with PCa risk at P < 0.05. Compared to men with average risk (25th -75th percentile in PRS distribution), Ugandan men in the top 10% of the PRS, constructed of alleles outside of 8q24, had a 2.9-fold (95%CI: 1.75, 4.97) risk of developing PCa; risk for the top 10% increased to 4.86 (95%CI: 2.70, 8.76) with the inclusion of risk alleles at 8q24. In genome-wide association testing, the strongest associations were noted with known risk alleles located in the 8q24 region, including rs72725854 (OR = 3.37, P = 2.14 × 10-11 ) that is limited to populations of African ancestry (6% frequency). CONCLUSIONS The ∼100 known PCa risk variants were shown to effectively stratify PCa risk in Ugandan men, with 10% of men having a >4-fold increase in risk. The 8q24 risk region was also found to be a major contributor to PCa risk in Ugandan men, with the African ancestry-specific risk variant rs72725854 estimated to account for 12% of PCa in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Du
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Susan Gundell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peggy Wan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sam Kaggwa
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dan Namuguzi
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - David V. Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephen Watya
- Uro Care, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Du Z, Lubmawa A, Gundell S, Wan P, Cissy N, Proscovia M, Moses L, Deborah N, Olivia N, Molly K, Alexander L, Nassanga R, Masaba B, Kaggwa S, Namuguzi D, Kiddu V, Luke A, J K, Henry DM, Conti D, Haiman CA, Watya S. Abstract 1305: A genome-wide association study of prostate cancer in Uganda. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The greater incidence of prostate cancer in men of African ancestry remains one of the most important unanswered health disparities globally. No established environmental/lifestyle risk factors have been identified, with the only established risk factors being age, race/ethnicity and family history, all of which implicate genetic susceptibility. GWAS have clearly validated the importance of genetic susceptibility in prostate cancer, with ~100 common risk loci identified to date which in aggregate explain 33% of the familial risk. Genetic studies in African ancestry populations have provided strong evidence for genetic factors in contributing to the greater incidence of prostate cancer in men of African ancestry. To further explore this hypothesis, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of prostate cancer among Ugandan men. Specifically, we genotyped the Illumina OncoArray, which includes a 260K GWAS backbone, in 560 prostate cancer cases (119 with Gleason score ≥8) and 480 controls and tested the associations of 448,939 genotyped and 16,396,662 imputed variants with >1% frequency. The most statistically significant variants were observed at the 8q24 risk locus (rs72725854, OR=3.37, P=2.14x10-13). We also observed suggestive signals with 106 variants outside of known risk regions with p-values <10-5 and >10-7. Of the 104 known risk variants, 100 are polymorphic in Uganda men, of which, 66 (66%) had effects that were directionally consistent in their association with prostate cancer risk as previously reported and 8 (8%) were significantly associated with risk at p < 0.05, with the most statistically significant variants being rs16901979 at 8q24 (OR=1.45, p=0.0001) and rs1512268 at 8p21.2 (OR=1.31, p=0.0087). In addition to these findings, we will also present the results from replication testing of the most significant associations from the GWAS in the Ghana Prostate GWAS Study and the African Ancestry Prostate Cancer Consortium, as well as provide a detailed comparison of polygenic risk models of the known prostate cancer variants between these two African populations, African Africans and men of European ancestry.
Citation Format: Zhaohui Du, Alexander Lubmawa, Susan Gundell, Peggy Wan, Nalukenge Cissy, Muwanga Proscovia, Lutalo Moses, Nansereko Deborah, Ndaruhutse Olivia, Katuku Molly, Lubwama Alexander, Rosemary Nassanga, Benson Masaba, Sam Kaggwa, Dan Namuguzi, Vicky Kiddu, Asiimwe Luke, Kuteesa J, Dabanja M. Henry, David Conti, Christopher A. Haiman, Stephen Watya. A genome-wide association study of prostate cancer in Uganda [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1305. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1305
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Du
- 1Mulago Hospital Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Uganda
| | | | - Susan Gundell
- 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California USC /Norris Comprehensive Cancer Ctr., Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peggy Wan
- 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California USC /Norris Comprehensive Cancer Ctr., Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nalukenge Cissy
- 1Mulago Hospital Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Uganda
| | | | - Lutalo Moses
- 1Mulago Hospital Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Uganda
| | | | | | - Katuku Molly
- 1Mulago Hospital Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Uganda
| | | | | | - Benson Masaba
- 1Mulago Hospital Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Uganda
| | - Sam Kaggwa
- 1Mulago Hospital Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Uganda
| | - Dan Namuguzi
- 1Mulago Hospital Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Uganda
| | - Vicky Kiddu
- 1Mulago Hospital Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Uganda
| | - Asiimwe Luke
- 1Mulago Hospital Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Uganda
| | - Kuteesa J
- 1Mulago Hospital Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Uganda
| | | | - David Conti
- 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California USC /Norris Comprehensive Cancer Ctr., Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California USC /Norris Comprehensive Cancer Ctr., Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen Watya
- 1Mulago Hospital Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Uganda
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Mah CD, Anguera JA, Gazzaley A, Luke A. 0749 SLEEP LOADING IMPROVES VISUAL SEARCH RESPONSE TIME AND REDUCES FATIGUE IN PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL PLAYERS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Saeed O, Rangasamy S, Luke A, Patel S, Sims D, Shin J, Reyes Gil M, Slepian M, Billett H, Goldstein D, Jorde U. Sildenafil Reduces Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Pump Thrombosis with Ongoing Low Level Hemolysis During Heart Mate II Support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Saeed O, Rangasamy S, Luke A, Patel S, Shin J, Sims D, Reyes Gil M, Goldstein D, Slepian M, Billett H, Jorde U. Hemolysis and Von Willebrand Factor Levels During Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Siddiqi N, Luke A, Watts S, Jorde U, Saeed O, Sims D, Shin J, Patel S, Murthy S, Forest S, Goldstein D. Utilization of a Multidisciplinary Approach for Inpatient Anticoagulation Management in Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Saeed O, Alapati V, Luke A, Delaconcha A, Murthy S, Shin J, Sims D, Patel S, Goldstein D, Jorde U. Impact of Reduced Antiplatelet Therapy on Early Hematologic Adverse Events During Heart Mate II Support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kathpalia P, Bhatia A, Robertazzi S, Ahn J, Cohen SM, Sontag S, Luke A, Durazo-Arvizu R, Pillai AA. Indwelling peritoneal catheters in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites. Intern Med J 2015; 45:1026-31. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Kathpalia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco California USA
| | - A. Bhatia
- Division of Gastroenterology; Hepatology and Nutrition; Loyola University Medical Center; Maywood Illinois USA
| | - S. Robertazzi
- Department of Transplant Surgery; Medstar Georgetown University Hospital; Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - J. Ahn
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Oregon Health and Science University; Portland Oregon USA
| | - S. M. Cohen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University Hospitals Case Medical Center; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - S. Sontag
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Edward Hines; Jr VA Hospital; Hines Illinois USA
| | - A. Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences; Loyola University Medical Center; Maywood Illinois USA
| | - R. Durazo-Arvizu
- Department of Public Health Sciences; Loyola University Medical Center; Maywood Illinois USA
| | - A. A. Pillai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Emory University Hospital; Atlanta Georgia USA
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Lonardi F, Luke A. Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Additives on the Surface Tension of Aqueous Lithium Bromide Solutions. CHEM-ING-TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201550066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zabkova K, Luke A. Lösungs- und Entgasungsvorgänge in mehrphasigen Strömungen in geneigten Rohrleitungen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201550063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Luke A, Müller B. Wärmeübergang beim Sieden an unterschiedlich strukturierten Rohren. CHEM-ING-TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201550072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang J, Tong L, Lamberson PJ, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Luke A, Shoham DA. Leveraging social influence to address overweight and obesity using agent-based models: the role of adolescent social networks. Soc Sci Med 2014; 125:203-13. [PMID: 24951404 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of adolescent overweight and obesity (hereafter, simply "overweight") in the US has increased over the past several decades. Individually-targeted prevention and treatment strategies targeting individuals have been disappointing, leading some to propose leveraging social networks to improve interventions. We hypothesized that social network dynamics (social marginalization; homophily on body mass index, BMI) and the strength of peer influence would increase or decrease the proportion of network member (agents) becoming overweight over a simulated year, and that peer influence would operate differently in social networks with greater overweight. We built an agent-based model (ABM) using results from R-SIENA. ABMs allow for the exploration of potential interventions using simulated agents. Initial model specifications were drawn from Wave 1 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). We focused on a single saturation school with complete network and BMI data over two waves (n = 624). The model was validated against empirical observations at Wave 2. We focused on overall overweight prevalence after a simulated year. Five experiments were conducted: (1) changing attractiveness of high-BMI agents; (2) changing homophily on BMI; (3) changing the strength of peer influence; (4) shifting the overall BMI distribution; and (5) targeting dietary interventions to highly connected individuals. Increasing peer influence showed a dramatic decrease in the prevalence of overweight; making peer influence negative (i.e., doing the opposite of friends) increased overweight. However, the effect of peer influence varied based on the underlying distribution of BMI; when BMI was increased overall, stronger peer influence increased proportion of overweight. Other interventions, including targeted dieting, had little impact. Peer influence may be a viable target in overweight interventions, but the distribution of body size in the population needs to be taken into account. In low-obesity populations, strengthening peer influence may be a useful strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - L Tong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - P J Lamberson
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, 2169 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - R A Durazo-Arvizu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - A Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - D A Shoham
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Luke A, Bovet P, Forrester TE, Lambert EV, Plange-Rhule J, Dugas LR, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Kroff J, Richie WN, Schoeller DA. Prediction of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis in young adults from five populations of African origin. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:956-60. [PMID: 23881006 PMCID: PMC3766444 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used in population and clinical studies as a technique for estimating body composition. Because of significant under-representation in existing literature, we sought to develop and validate predictive equation(s) for BIA for studies in populations of African origin. SUBJECTS/METHODS Among five cohorts of the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study, height, weight, waist circumference and body composition, using isotope dilution, were measured in 362 adults, ages 25-45 with mean body mass indexes ranging from 24 to 32. BIA measures of resistance and reactance were measured using tetrapolar placement of electrodes and the same model of analyzer across sites (BIA 101Q, RJL Systems). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop equations for predicting fat-free mass (FFM), as measured by isotope dilution; covariates included sex, age, waist, reactance and height(2)/resistance, along with dummy variables for each site. Developed equations were then tested in a validation sample; FFM predicted by previously published equations were tested in the total sample. RESULTS A site-combined equation and site-specific equations were developed. The mean differences between FFM (reference) and FFM predicted by the study-derived equations were between 0.4 and 0.6 kg (that is, 1% difference between the actual and predicted FFM), and the measured and predicted values were highly correlated. The site-combined equation performed slightly better than the site-specific equations and the previously published equations. CONCLUSIONS Relatively small differences exist between BIA equations to estimate FFM, whether study-derived or published equations, although the site-combined equation performed slightly better than others. The study-derived equations provide an important tool for research in these understudied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
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Cardoso I, Bovet P, Viswanathan B, Luke A, Marques-Vidal P. Nutrition transition in a middle-income country: 22-year trends in the Seychelles. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 67:135-40. [PMID: 23249880 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There is little objective information regarding nutrition transition in African countries. We assessed trends in nutrition patterns in the Seychelles between 1989 and 2011. SUBJECTS/METHODS Population-based samples were obtained in 1989, 1994 and 2011 and participants aged 25-44 are considered in this study (n=493, 599 and 471, respectively). Similar, although not identical, food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were used in each survey and the variables were collapsed into homogenous categories for the purpose of this study. RESULTS Between 1989 and 2011, consumption frequency of fish (5+/week) decreased from 93 to 74%, whereas the following increased: meat (5+/week) 25 to 51%, fruits (1+/week) 48 to 94%, salty snacks (1+/week) 22 to 64% and sweet snacks (1+/week) 38 to 67% (P<0.001 for all). Consumption frequency decreased for home-brewed alcoholic drinks (1+/week) 16 to 1%, but increased for wine (1+/week) 5 to 33% (both P<0.001). Between 2004 and 2011, consumption frequency decreased for rice (2/day) 62 to 57% and tea (1+/day) 72 to 68%, increased for poultry (1+/week) 86 to 96% (all P<0.01), and did not change for vegetables (70.3 to 69.8%, P=0.65). CONCLUSIONS Seychelles is experiencing nutrition transition characterized by a decreased consumption frequency of traditional staple foods (fish, polished rice), beverages (tea) and of inexpensive home brews, and increased consumption frequency of meat, poultry and snacks. Food patterns also became more varied along with a broader availability of products in the 22-year interval. The health impact of these changes should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cardoso
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
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Sunga K, Luke A, Gordon D, Goyal D. TF-19 Use of Simulation for Annual Resident Assessments Is Both Effective and Educational. Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Philpott J, Houghton K, Luke A. Physical activity recommendations for children with specific chronic health conditions: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, hemophilia, asthma and cystic fibrosis. Paediatr Child Health 2011; 15:213-25. [PMID: 21455465 DOI: 10.1093/pch/15.4.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a group, children with a chronic disease or disability are less active than their healthy peers. There are many reasons for suboptimal physical activity, including biological, psychological and social factors. Furthermore, the lack of specific guidelines for 'safe' physical activity participation poses a barrier to increasing activity. Physical activity provides significant general health benefits and may improve disease outcomes. Each child with a chronic illness should be evaluated by an experienced physician for activity counselling and for identifing any contraindications to participation. The present statement reviews the benefits and risks of participation in sport and exercise for children with juvenile arthritis, hemophilia, asthma and cystic fibrosis. Guidelines for participation are included.
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Rauscher I, Stahl R, Cheng J, Li X, Huber MB, Luke A, Majumdar S, Link TM. T1rho- und T2-Messungen des Meniskus mittels MRT bei Probanden mit unterschiedlichem Aktivitätslevel und Patienten mit beginnender Arthrose. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Philpott J, Houghton K, Luke A. Les recommandations en matière d'activité physique pour les enfants ayant une maladie chronique précise : l'arthrite juvénile idiopathique, l'hémophilie, l'asthme ou la fibrose kystique. Paediatr Child Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/15.4.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Groth T, Mewes D, Reichwage M, Luke A. Lösungs- und Entgasungsvorgänge bei mehrphasiger Öl- und Gasförderung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200950200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Background Obesity is rapidly becoming a global epidemic. Unlike many complex human diseases, obesity is defined not just by a single trait or phenotype, but jointly by measures of anthropometry and metabolic status. Methods We applied maximum likelihood factor analysis to identify common latent factors underlying observed covariance in multiple obesity-related measures. Both the genetic components and the mode of inheritance of the common factors were evaluated. A total of 1775 participants from 590 families for whom measures on obesity-related traits were available were included in this study. Results The average age of participants was 37 years, 39% of the participants were obese (body mass index ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and 26% were overweight (body mass index 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m2). Two latent common factors jointly accounting for over 99% of the correlations among obesity-related traits were identified. Complex segregation analysis of the age and sex-adjusted latent factors provide evidence for a Mendelian mode of inheritance of major genetic effect with heritability estimates of 40.4% and 47.5% for the first and second factors, respectively. Conclusions These findings provide a support for multivariate-based approach for investigating pleiotropic effects on obesity-related traits which can be applied in both genetic linkage and association mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Tayo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Barquera S, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Luke A, Cao G, Cooper RS. Erratum: Hypertension in Mexico and among Mexican Americans: prevalence and treatment patterns. J Hum Hypertens 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2008.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Decker W, Bellolio M, Campbell R, Luke A, Anderson J, Van Tonder R, St. Sauver J, Li J, Stead L. 48: Anaphylaxis in Children: A Population-Based Study. Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Decker W, Bellolio M, Campbell R, Luke A, Anderson J, St. Sauver J, Li J, Stead L. 214: Recurrent Anaphylaxis Events in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department Over a 10-Year Period. Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Campbell R, Decker W, Bellolio M, Luke A, Anderson J, St. Sauver J, Li J, Stead L. 216: Medications Taken Prior to ED Arrival in Patients Presenting With Anaphylaxis. Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Barquera S, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Luke A, Cao G, Cooper RS. Hypertension in Mexico and among Mexican Americans: prevalence and treatment patterns. J Hum Hypertens 2008; 22:617-26. [PMID: 18305546 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2008.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased social and economic integration across the US-Mexican borders has led to important new developments in public health. Lower levels of cardiovascular mortality have been observed among Mexican Americans (MAs) although few direct comparisons have been undertaken with Mexico. Using survey data in the respective countries we examined blood pressure (BP) levels, hypertension prevalence and patterns of awareness, treatment and control in Mexico and among MAs. A national representative sample of the adult population from Mexico collected in 2000 (N=49 294), and data on 8688 MA participants in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination survey from the United States were available for analysis. US-born MAs and those born in Mexico were analysed separately in the US data. Lack of direct standardization of methods between surveys necessitated statistical adjustment of BP values. Analyses were based on persons aged 25-64 in each country. Sex- and age-adjusted mean systolic/diastolic BPs were 122/80, 119/71 and 120/73 in Mexicans, immigrant MAs and US-born MAs, respectively. The prevalences of hypertension (BP > or = 140/90 or treatment) were 33, 17 and 22%. Hypertension control rates were 3.7, 32.1 and 37.9%, in the same groups. Awareness and treatment rates were 25 and 13% in Mexico and 54 and 46% among MAs in the United States, respectively. Hypertension appears to be more common in Mexico than among Mexican immigrants to the United States. Despite relatively low access to health insurance in the United States, hypertension control increased over the course of this migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barquera
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Dugas LR, Cohen R, Carstens MT, Schoffelen PFM, Luke A, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Goedecke JH, Levitt NS, Lambert EV. Total daily energy expenditure in black and white, lean and obese South African women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 63:667-73. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2008.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Luke A, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Cao G, Forrester TE, Wilks RJ, Schoeller DA, Cooper RS. Activity, adiposity and weight change in Jamaican adults. W INDIAN MED J 2007; 56:398-403. [PMID: 18303750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Populations in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to the development of obesity in the period of rapid transition to a more modernized lifestyle. We sought to determine the relationship between activity energy expenditure (AEE), adiposity and weight change in an adult population undergoing rapid socio-economic transition. METHODS Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was measured using the doubly labelled water method, resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry and AEE calculated as the difference between TDEE and REE, in adults from a working class community in Spanish Town, Jamaica. During six years of follow-up, weight was measured between one and four times. Mixed effects regression modelling was used to test for association between components of the energy budget and weight change. RESULTS Men (n = 17) weighed more but women (n = 18), had significantly more body fat, 38.5% vs 24.5%, respectively (p < 0.01). Men had higher levels of EE, particularly AEE after adjustment for body weight, 66.3 versus 46.4 kJ/kg.d for men and women, respectively (p < 0.001). At baseline, adjusted AEE was inversely associated with body fat in men and women, r = -0.46 and r = -0.48, respectively (p < 0.05). Mean rate of weight change was + 1.1 and + 1.2 kg/year for men and women, respectively. No component of EE, ie TDEE, REE or AEE, significantly predicted weight change in this small sample. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest an important role for AEE in maintaining low levels of adiposity. The lack of association between EE and weight change, however, suggests populations in transition are at risk of obesity from environmental factors (eg dietary) other than simply declining physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luke
- Department of Preventitive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Medical Centre, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Fejerman L, Wu X, Adeyemo A, Luke A, Zhu X, Hicks C, Cooper RS. The effect of genetic variation in angiotensinogen on serum levels and blood pressure: a comparison of Nigerians and US blacks. J Hum Hypertens 2006; 20:882-7. [PMID: 16971959 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molecular variants of angiotensinogen (AGT) have been associated with AGT level and hypertension (HT). However, results from reported studies vary considerably between- and within-studied populations. We performed association analysis of AGT gene variants with AGT levels and HT in samples of African descent families, including 595 Nigerians and 901 African Americans. We evaluated association using haplotypes defined by a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms selected from a previous detailed study of the gene haplotype structure. In the sample of Nigerian families, AGT haplotype H1 was associated with high plasma level. Results were not significant for blood pressure (BP) or HT. For the African-American population, we found significant association between low plasma AGT level and haplotype H7. Furthermore, we found weak associations of H1 with hypertensive status and H7 with low systolic BP. However, no significant association between H1 and high plasma level was found. We conclude that the two distantly related haplotypes, H1 and H7, are associated, but have opposite effects on the phenotypes in two populations of African origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fejerman
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Dickover B, Durazo R, Cao G, Luke A, Cooper R. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Body Mass Index, and Mortality in a National Representative Sample. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s23-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Durazo-Arvizu R, Luke A, Cao G, Cooper RS. Hypertension in Mexico and Among Mexican Americans: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Treatment Patterns. S Barquera. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s11-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Johnson L, Luke A, Adeyemo A, Deng HW, Mitchell BD, Comuzzie AG, Cole SA, Blangero J, Perola M, Teare MD. Meta-analysis of five genome-wide linkage studies for body mass index reveals significant evidence for linkage to chromosome 8p. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 29:413-9. [PMID: 15685251 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide linkage scans using body mass index (BMI) to identify genetic loci predisposing to obesity. DATA A total of 13 published genome scans on obesity have used BMI as their primary end point. Five of these 13 groups agreed to provide detailed results from their scans that were required for a meta-analysis. Collectively, these five studies included a total of 2814 individuals from 505 families. METHODS The results of the five studies were analysed using the GSMA (genome scans meta-analysis) method. RESULTS The analysis revealed significant evidence for linkage of the quantitative phenotype BMI to 8p (P<0.0005).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Johnson
- Mathematical Modelling and Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield, UK
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Luke A, Kramer H, Adeyemo A, Forrester T, Wilks R, Schoeller D, Leman C, Cooper RS. Relationship between blood pressure and physical activity assessed with stable isotopes. J Hum Hypertens 2005; 19:127-32. [PMID: 15385948 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intrapopulation and interpopulation variation in blood pressure (BP) often reflects the joint effect of a complex set of risk factors, including lifestyle factors such as physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol use. In this study, we set out to quantify the impact of habitual levels of physical activity on BP within and between three populations at contrasting levels of population risk of hypertension. Individuals were randomly sampled from communities in Nigeria (n=57), Jamaica (from Kingston, n=35) and the United States (from the Chicago area, n=32). Activity energy expenditure (AEE) (estimated from resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry and total expenditure measured with doubly labelled water) was used as an objective estimate of physical activity. In each of the three samples, there was a consistent negative correlation between BP and AEE. This negative association persisted after adjustment for age, sex and body fat (body mass index or percent fat mass). In multivariate models, adiposity was no longer a significant predictor of BP after accounting for low AEE. In conclusion these data suggest that habitual levels of physical activity may have a generalizable relationship with BP in populations with widely different social and environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luke
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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