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Gentile D, Chiummiento L, Santarsiere A, Funicello M, Lupattelli P, Rescifina A, Venuti A, Piperno A, Sciortino MT, Pennisi R. Targeting Viral and Cellular Cysteine Proteases for Treatment of New Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2024; 16:338. [PMID: 38543704 PMCID: PMC10976049 DOI: 10.3390/v16030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants caused the persistence of the COVID-19 epidemic and challenged the effectiveness of the existing vaccines. The viral proteases are the most attractive targets for developing antiviral drugs. In this scenario, our study explores the use of HIV-1 protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. An in silico screening of a library of HIV-1 proteases identified four anti-HIV compounds able to interact with the 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in vitro studies were designed to evaluate their potential antiviral effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2. We employed pseudovirus technology to simulate, in a highly safe manner, the adsorption of the alpha (α-SARS-CoV-2) and omicron (ο-SARS-CoV-2) variants of SARS-CoV-2 and study the inhibitory mechanism of the selected compounds for cell-virus interaction. The results reported a mild activity against the viral proteases 3CLpro and PLpro, but efficient inhibitory effects on the internalization of both variants mediated by cathepsin B/L. Our findings provide insights into the feasibility of using drugs exhibiting antiviral effects for other viruses against the viral and host SARS-CoV-2 proteases required for entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gentile
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Chiummiento
- Department of Scienze, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Alessandro Santarsiere
- Department of Scienze, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Funicello
- Department of Scienze, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Paolo Lupattelli
- Department of Chimica, Sapienza University of Roma, p. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V. le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Assunta Venuti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 69366 LYON CEDEX 07, France;
| | - Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.); (M.T.S.)
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Pennisi R, Trischitta P, Costa M, Venuti A, Tamburello MP, Sciortino MT. Update of Natural Products and Their Derivatives Targeting Epstein-Barr Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:124. [PMID: 38257824 PMCID: PMC10818872 DOI: 10.3390/v16010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr (EBV) is a human γ-herpesvirus that undergoes both a productive (lytic) cycle and a non-productive (latent) phase. The virus establishes enduring latent infection in B lymphocytes and productive infection in the oral mucosal epithelium. Like other herpesviruses, EBV expresses its genes in a coordinated pattern during acute infection. Unlike others, it replicates its DNA during latency to maintain the viral genome in an expanding pool of B lymphocytes, which are stimulated to divide upon infection. The reactivation from the latent state is associated with a productive gene expression pattern mediated by virus-encoded transcriptional activators BZLF-1 and BRLF-1. EBV is a highly transforming virus that contributes to the development of human lymphomas. Though viral vectors and mRNA platforms have been used to develop an EBV prophylactic vaccine, currently, there are no vaccines or antiviral drugs for the prophylaxis or treatment of EBV infection and EBV-associated cancers. Natural products and bioactive compounds are widely studied for their antiviral potential and capability to modulate intracellular signaling pathways. This review was intended to collect information on plant-derived products showing their antiviral activity against EBV and evaluate their feasibility as an alternative or adjuvant therapy against EBV infections and correlated oncogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.T.)
| | - Paola Trischitta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marianna Costa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Assunta Venuti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, 69366 Lyon, CEDEX 07, France;
| | - Maria Pia Tamburello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.T.)
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.T.)
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Ceraolo MG, Romero-Medina MC, Gobbato S, Melita G, Krynska H, Sirand C, Gupta P, Viarisio D, Robitaille A, Marvel J, Tommasino M, Venuti A, Gheit T. HPV38 impairs UV-induced transcriptional activation of the IL-18 pro-inflammatory cytokine. mSphere 2023; 8:e0045023. [PMID: 37877723 PMCID: PMC10732055 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00450-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Here, we demonstrate that the direct binding of p53 on the IL-18 promoter region regulates its gene expression. However, the presence of E6 and E7 from human papillomavirus type 38 impairs this mechanism via a new inhibitory complex formed by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)/PKR/ΔNp73α, which binds to the region formerly occupied by p53 in primary keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Ceraolo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Simone Gobbato
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Giusi Melita
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Hanna Krynska
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
| | - Cecilia Sirand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Purnima Gupta
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Alexis Robitaille
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Assunta Venuti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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Criscuolo E, Pala F, Siracusano G, Venuti A. Editorial: Viral escape of mucosal immunity in sexually transmitted diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273515. [PMID: 37680623 PMCID: PMC10482243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gabriel Siracusano
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Assunta Venuti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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Taverniti V, Krynska H, Venuti A, Straub ML, Sirand C, Lohmann E, Romero-Medina MC, Moro S, Robitaille A, Negroni L, Martinez-Zapien D, Masson M, Tommasino M, Zanier K. The E2F4/p130 Repressor Complex Cooperates with Oncogenic ΔNp73α To Inhibit Gene Expression in Human Papillomavirus 38 E6/E7-Transformed Keratinocytes and in Cancer Cells. mSphere 2023; 8:e0005623. [PMID: 36883841 PMCID: PMC10117100 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00056-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 and its related proteins, p63 and p73, can be synthesized as multiple isoforms lacking part of the N- or C-terminal regions. Specifically, high expression of the ΔNp73α isoform is notoriously associated with various human malignancies characterized by poor prognosis. This isoform is also accumulated by oncogenic viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as well as genus beta human papillomaviruses (HPV) that appear to be involved in carcinogenesis. To gain additional insight into ΔNp73α mechanisms, we have performed proteomics analyses using human keratinocytes transformed by the E6 and E7 proteins of the beta-HPV type 38 virus as an experimental model (38HK). We find that ΔNp73α associates with the E2F4/p130 repressor complex through a direct interaction with E2F4. This interaction is favored by the N-terminal truncation of p73 characteristic of ΔNp73 isoforms. Moreover, it is independent of the C-terminal splicing status, suggesting that it could represent a general feature of ΔNp73 isoforms (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, θ, η, and η1). We show that the ΔNp73α-E2F4/p130 complex inhibits the expression of specific genes, including genes encoding for negative regulators of proliferation, both in 38HK and in HPV-negative cancer-derived cell lines. Such genes are not inhibited by E2F4/p130 in primary keratinocytes lacking ΔNp73α, indicating that the interaction with ΔNp73α rewires the E2F4 transcriptional program. In conclusion, we have identified and characterized a novel transcriptional regulatory complex with potential implications in oncogenesis. IMPORTANCE The TP53 gene is mutated in about 50% of human cancers. In contrast, the TP63 and TP73 genes are rarely mutated but rather expressed as ΔNp63 and ΔNp73 isoforms in a wide range of malignancies, where they act as p53 antagonists. Accumulation of ΔNp63 and ΔNp73, which is associated with chemoresistance, can result from infection by oncogenic viruses such as EBV or HPV. Our study focuses on the highly carcinogenic ΔNp73α isoform and uses a viral model of cellular transformation. We unveil a physical interaction between ΔNp73α and the E2F4/p130 complex involved in cell cycle control, which rewires the E2F4/p130 transcriptional program. Our work shows that ΔNp73 isoforms can establish interactions with proteins that do not bind to the TAp73α tumor suppressor. This situation is analogous to the gain-of-function interactions of p53 mutants supporting cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Taverniti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Hanna Krynska
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
| | - Assunta Venuti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Laure Straub
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
| | - Cécilia Sirand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Eugenie Lohmann
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Stefano Moro
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
| | - Alexis Robitaille
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Luc Negroni
- Proteomics platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)/INSERM U964/CNRS UMR 7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Denise Martinez-Zapien
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
| | - Murielle Masson
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Katia Zanier
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
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Paolini F, Donà M, Rollo F, Bonomo C, Giuliani E, Campo F, Benevolo M, Venuti A. P13 HOPE5: Observational trial on HPV-associated Oro-Pharyngeal cancer to assess a prognostic role of HPV16 E5 specific transcript. Oral Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Campo F, Matteo A, Paolini F, De Pascale V, Ganci F, Blandino G, Pellini R, Venuti A. P05 Study of viral Biomarkers and MicroRNAs in HPV-associated Oropharyngeal cancer and cancer of unknown primary. Oral Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Venuti A, Romero-Medina MC, Melita G, Ceraolo MG, Brancaccio RN, Sirand C, Taverniti V, Steenbergen R, Gheit T, Tommasino M. Lyon IARC Polyomavirus Displays Transforming Activities in Primary Human Cells. J Virol 2022; 96:e0206121. [PMID: 35770990 PMCID: PMC9327700 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02061-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported the presence of a recently discovered polyomavirus (PyV), Lyon IARC PyV (LIPyV), in human and domestic animal specimens. LIPyV has some structural similarities to well-established animal and human oncogenic PyVs, such as raccoon PyV and Merkel cell PyV (MCPyV), respectively. In this study, we demonstrate that LIPyV early proteins immortalize human foreskin keratinocytes. LIPyV LT binds pRb, accordingly cell cycle checkpoints are altered in primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes expressing LIPyV early genes. Mutation of the pRb binding site in LT strongly affected the ability of LIPyV ER to induced HFK immortalization. LIPyV LT also binds p53 and alters p53 functions activated by cellular stresses. Finally, LIPyV early proteins activate telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene expression, via accumulation of the Sp1 transcription factor. Sp1 recruitment to the hTERT promoter is controlled by its phosphorylation, which is mediated by ERK1 and CDK2. Together, these data highlight the transforming properties of LIPyV in in vitro experimental models, supporting its possible oncogenic nature. IMPORTANCE Lyon IARC PyV is a recently discovered polyomavirus that shows some structural similarities to well-established animal and human oncogenic PyVs, such as raccoon PyV and Merkel cell PyV, respectively. Here, we show the capability of LIPyV to efficiently promote cellular transformation of primary human cells, suggesting a possible oncogenic role of this virus in domestic animals and/or humans. Our study identified a novel virus-mediated mechanism of activation of telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression, via accumulation of the Sp1 transcription factor. In addition, because the persistence of infection is a key event in virus-mediated carcinogenesis, it will be important to determine whether LIPyV can deregulate immune-related pathways, similarly to the well-established oncogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Venuti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon Cedex, France
| | | | - Giusi Melita
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Maria Grazia Ceraolo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon Cedex, France
| | | | - Cecilia Sirand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Valerio Taverniti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Renske Steenbergen
- VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon Cedex, France
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Mattoscio D, Gheit T, Strati K, Venuti A. Editorial: HPV and Host Interaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:638005. [PMID: 33777848 PMCID: PMC7991783 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.638005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mattoscio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnology Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Katerina Strati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Assunta Venuti
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Magnotti F, Valsesia S, Gupta P, Flechtenmacher C, Contard P, Viarisio D, Venuti A, Wencker M, Tommasino M, Marvel J, Henry T. The Inflammasome Adaptor ASC Delays UV-Induced Skin Tumorigenesis in Beta HPV38 E6 and E7 Transgenic Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:236-238.e2. [PMID: 32470340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Magnotti
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Séverine Valsesia
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Purnima Gupta
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Pierre Contard
- Anira-PBES, SFR Biosciences, UMS3444/CNRS, US8/Inserm, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon (UCBL), Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Daniele Viarisio
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Assunta Venuti
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Wencker
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Favuzzi AMR, Venuti A, Bruno C, Nicolazzi MA, Fuorlo M, Dajko M, De Waure C, Landolfi R, Mancini A. Hormonal deficiencies in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: prevalence and impact on diastolic dysfunction: a pilot study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 24:352-361. [PMID: 31957849 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202001_19933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, catabolic mechanisms have a strong negative impact on mortality and morbidity. The relationship between anabolic hormonal deficiency, thyroid function, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has still been poorly investigated. Therefore, we aimed to define the multi-hormonal deficiency prevalence in HFpEF patients and the relationships between hormonal deficiency and echocardiographic indexes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, fasting glucose, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine, insulin-like growth factor-1, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), total testosterone (only in male subjects) in 40 patients with HFpEF were evaluated. An echocardiographic evaluation was performed. RESULTS One (2.5%) patient (2.5%) had no hormonal deficiencies; 8 (20%) patients had deficits of one hormone, 18 patients (45%) of two axes, 12 patients (30%) of three axes, and one patient (2.5%) of all four axes. Among them, 97.5% had DHEA-S deficiency, 67.5% IGF-1 deficiency, 37% testosterone deficiency, 22.5% a "Low T3 syndrome", and 20% subclinical hypothyroidism. Patients with IGF-1 deficit showed higher left atrial volume values, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), tricuspid peak velocity (TPV), and lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and TAPSE/SPAP ratio values. Patients with testosterone deficiency had higher SPAP and TPV. Patients with low T3 syndrome had higher value of right ventricular mid cavity diameter. Hormonal dysfunction was independent from the presence of comorbidities and no difference between male and female subjects was noted. CONCLUSIONS Multi-hormonal deficiencies are associated with right ventricular dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction in patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M R Favuzzi
- Division of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Baldetti L, Beneduce A, Cianfanelli L, Falasconi G, Pannone L, Moroni F, Venuti A, Gramegna M, Pazzanese V, Calvo F, Gallone G, Cappelletti A. Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute pulmonary embolism: a pooled analysis. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
High-risk acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is burdened by a mortality as high as 65%. VenoArterial ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) may offer a cardiopulmonary support and a precious time window to ensure pulmonary reperfusion therapies. No definite consensus exists on the use of VA-ECMO in high-risk PE patients as only sparse observational studies are available yielding conflicting outcomes.
Purpose
To provide insights on the use of ECMO in acute high-risk PE pooling together all available published experiences to date.
Methods
Two authors (LB, AB) searched PubMed, Embase, BioMedCentral and Google Scholar, from inception to 18/09/2019. All published clinical studies investigating ECMO support in patients with high-risk acute PE were evaluated for inclusion.
Results
Literature search identified 384 observational studies: a total of 66 were included for 584 acute high-risk PE patients receiving ECMO support. Mean age was 46.8±16.8 years (44% female). Most patients presented with cardiac arrest (56%) or obstructive shock (42%). Diagnosis of PE was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) in 72%, performed before ECMO cannulation in 65%. Echocardiography was obtained in 89%. Right ventricle dilatation or dysfunction was found in 90% and 87%. ECMO was primarily employed as upfront treatment (63%), in the VA-ECMO configuration (94%). ECMO was equally employed in conjunction with interventional/surgical pulmonary reperfusion treatments (38%), with thrombolysis (35%) and without adjunctive procedures (40%). Mean ECMO support duration was 100.3±12.9 hours. Notably, 92% received thrombolysis before ECMO cannulation. ECMO bailout implant was mostly adopted in patients receiving thrombolysis (81% vs 19%; p=0.010), as a rescue therapy. Most common reperfusion procedures were surgical embolectomy (28%), catheter-directed thrombolysis (12%) and transcatheter embolectomy (12%). The majority of these procedures (81%) took place after ECMO cannulation. Mean total hospital stay was 17.8±11.6 days. Hospital survival rate was 54% and did not differ in upfront vs bailout ECMO (p=0.184) and between thrombolysis, interventional procedure and ECMO alone recipients (p=0.423). Neurologic death and non-fatal neurologic injury occurred both in 10%. Most patients (70%) were successfully weaned off ECMO, while 30% died on support and 7% died after ECMO removal. Acute kidney injury was the most common complication (47%). Major bleeding occurred in 19% and was fatal for 5%. Patients undergoing thrombolysis had a tendency towards higher rates of major bleeding (48% vs 23%; p=0.05). At a mean follow-up of 365.0 (IQR 202.5–365.9) days, overall survival rate was 85% in those surviving hospitalization.
Conclusions
In this pooled population consisting mostly of cardiac arrest/obstructive shock PE patients, ECMO strategy was associated with acceptable in-hospital survival and was frequently used in conjunction with other reperfusion treatments.
Central Illustration
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- L Baldetti
- San Raffaele Hospital, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - A Beneduce
- San Raffaele Hospital, Cardiovascular Interventions Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - L Cianfanelli
- San Raffaele Hospital, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - G Falasconi
- San Raffaele Hospital, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - L Pannone
- San Raffaele Hospital, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - F Moroni
- San Raffaele Hospital, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - A Venuti
- San Raffaele Hospital, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - M Gramegna
- San Raffaele Hospital, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - V Pazzanese
- San Raffaele Hospital, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - F Calvo
- San Raffaele Hospital, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - G Gallone
- Hospital Citta Della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Division of Cardiology, Turin, Italy
| | - A.M Cappelletti
- San Raffaele Hospital, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
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13
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Romero-Medina MC, Venuti A, Melita G, Robitaille A, Ceraolo MG, Pacini L, Sirand C, Viarisio D, Taverniti V, Gupta P, Scalise M, Indiveri C, Accardi R, Tommasino M. Human papillomavirus type 38 alters wild-type p53 activity to promote cell proliferation via the downregulation of integrin alpha 1 expression. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008792. [PMID: 32813746 PMCID: PMC7458291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressors can exert pro-proliferation functions in specific contexts. In the beta human papillomavirus type 38 (HPV38) experimental model, the viral proteins E6 and E7 promote accumulation of a wild-type (WT) p53 form in human keratinocytes (HKs), promoting cellular proliferation. Inactivation of p53 by different means strongly decreases the proliferation of HPV38 E6/E7 HKs. This p53 form is phosphorylated at S392 by the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR, which is highly activated by HPV38. PKR-mediated S392 p53 phosphorylation promotes the formation of a p53/DNMT1 complex, which inhibits expression of integrin alpha 1 (ITGA1), a repressor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Ectopic expression of ITGA1 in HPV38 E6/E7 HKs promotes EGFR degradation, inhibition of cellular proliferation, and cellular death. Itga1 expression was also inhibited in the skin of HPV38 transgenic mice that have an elevated susceptibility to UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. In summary, these findings reveal the existence of a specific WT p53 form that displays pro-proliferation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Romero-Medina
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Assunta Venuti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Giusi Melita
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Alexis Robitaille
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Maria Grazia Ceraolo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Laura Pacini
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Cecilia Sirand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Daniele Viarisio
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valerio Taverniti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Purnima Gupta
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Rosita Accardi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
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14
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Minoni L, Romero-Medina MC, Venuti A, Sirand C, Robitaille A, Altamura G, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Viarisio D, Zanier K, Müller M, Accardi R, Tommasino M. Transforming Properties of Beta-3 Human Papillomavirus E6 and E7 Proteins. mSphere 2020; 5:e00398-20. [PMID: 32669468 PMCID: PMC7364212 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00398-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The beta human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are subdivided into 5 species (beta-1 to beta-5), and they were first identified in the skin. However, the beta-3 species appears to be more highly represented in the mucosal epithelia than in the skin. Functional studies have also highlighted that beta-3 HPV49 shares some functional similarities with mucosal high-risk (HR) HPV16. Here, we describe the characterization of the in vitro transforming properties of the entire beta-3 species, which includes three additional HPV types: HPV75, HPV76, and HPV115. HPV49, HPV75, and HPV76 E6 and E7 (E6/E7), but not HPV115 E6 and E7, efficiently inactivate the p53 and pRb pathways and immortalize or extend the life span of human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs). As observed for HR HPV16, cell cycle deregulation mediated by beta-3 HPV E6/E7 expression leads to p16INK4a accumulation, whereas no p16INK4a was detected in beta-2 HPV38 E6/E7 HFKs. As shown for HPV49 E6, HPV75 and HPV76 E6s degrade p53 by an E6AP/proteasome-mediated mechanism. Comparative analysis of cellular gene expression patterns of HFKs containing E6 and E7 from HR HPV16, beta-3 HPV types, and beta-2 HPV38 further highlights the functional similarities of HR HPV16 and beta-3 HPV49, HPV75, and HPV76. The expression profiles of these four HPV HFKs show some similarities and diverge substantially from those of beta-3 HPV115 E6/E7 and beta-2 HPV38 E6/E7 HFKs. In summary, our data show that beta-3 HPV types share some mechanisms with HR HPV types and pave the way for additional studies aiming to evaluate their potential role in human pathologies.IMPORTANCE Human papillomaviruses are currently classified in different genera. Mucosal HPVs belonging to the alpha genus have been clearly associated with carcinogenesis of the mucosal epithelium at different sites. Beta HPV types have been classified as cutaneous. Although findings indicate that some beta HPVs from species 1 and 2 play a role, together with UV irradiation, in skin cancer, very little is known about the transforming properties of most of the beta HPVs. This report shows the transforming activity of E6 and E7 from beta-3 HPV types. Moreover, it highlights that beta-3 HPVs share some biological properties more extensively with mucosal high-risk HPV16 than with beta-2 HPV38. This report provides new paradigms for a better understanding of the biology of the different HPV types and their possible association with lesions at mucosal and/or cutaneous epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Minoni
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Assunta Venuti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Cécilia Sirand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Alexis Robitaille
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Katia Zanier
- Equipe labellisée Ligue, Biotechnologie et signalisation cellulaire UMR 7242, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Martin Müller
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rosita Accardi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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15
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Villani F, Pucci S, Azzaro R, Civico R, Cinti FR, Pizzimenti L, Tarabusi G, Branca S, Brunori CA, Caciagli M, Cantarero M, Cucci L, D'Amico S, De Beni E, De Martini PM, Mariucci MT, Messina A, Montone P, Nappi R, Nave R, Pantosti D, Ricci T, Sapia V, Smedile A, Vallone R, Venuti A. Surface ruptures database related to the 26 December 2018, M W 4.9 Mt. Etna earthquake, southern Italy. Sci Data 2020; 7:42. [PMID: 32034156 PMCID: PMC7005827 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide a database of the surface ruptures produced by the 26 December 2018 Mw 4.9 earthquake that struck the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano in Sicily (southern Italy). Despite its relatively small magnitude, this shallow earthquake caused about 8 km of surface faulting, along the trace of the NNW-trending active Fiandaca Fault. Detailed field surveys have been performed in the epicentral area to map the ruptures and to characterize their kinematics. The surface ruptures show a dominant right-oblique sense of displacement with an average slip of about 0.09 m and a maximum value of 0.35 m. We have parsed and organized all observations in a concise database, with 932 homogeneous georeferenced records. The Fiandaca Fault is part of the complex active Timpe faults system affecting the eastern flank of Etna, and its seismic history indicates a prominent surface-faulting potential. Therefore, this database is essential for unravelling the seismotectonics of shallow earthquakes in volcanic areas, and contributes updating empirical scaling regressions that relate magnitude and extent of surface faulting.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Villani
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy.
| | - S Pucci
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - R Azzaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy
| | - R Civico
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - F R Cinti
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - L Pizzimenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - G Tarabusi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - S Branca
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy
| | - C A Brunori
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - M Caciagli
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - M Cantarero
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy
| | - L Cucci
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - S D'Amico
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy
| | - E De Beni
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy
| | - P M De Martini
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - M T Mariucci
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Messina
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy
| | - P Montone
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - R Nappi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - R Nave
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - D Pantosti
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - T Ricci
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - V Sapia
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Smedile
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - R Vallone
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Venuti
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
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16
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Gupta P, Shahzad N, Harold A, Shuda M, Venuti A, Romero-Medina MC, Pacini L, Brault L, Robitaille A, Taverniti V, Hernandez-Vargas H, Durand G, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Gheit T, Accardi R, Tommasino M. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Downregulates N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1, Leading to Cellular Proliferation and Migration. J Virol 2020; 94:e00899-19. [PMID: 31694959 PMCID: PMC7000982 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00899-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the first human polyomavirus etiologically associated with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer. Similar to other polyomaviruses, MCPyV encodes early T antigen genes, viral oncogenes required for MCC tumor growth. To identify the unique oncogenic properties of MCPyV, we analyzed the gene expression profiles in human spontaneously immortalized keratinocytes (NIKs) expressing the early genes from six distinct human polyomaviruses (PyVs), including MCPyV. A comparison of the gene expression profiles revealed 28 genes specifically deregulated by MCPyV. In particular, the MCPyV early gene downregulated the expression of the tumor suppressor gene N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) in MCPyV gene-expressing NIKs and hTERT-MCPyV gene-expressing human keratinocytes (HK) compared to their expression in the controls. In MCPyV-positive MCC cells, the expression of NDRG1 was downregulated by the MCPyV early gene, as T antigen knockdown rescued the level of NDRG1. In addition, NDRG1 overexpression in hTERT-MCPyV gene-expressing HK or MCC cells resulted in a decrease in the number of cells in S phase and cell proliferation inhibition. Moreover, a decrease in wound healing capacity in hTERT-MCPyV gene-expressing HK was observed. Further analysis revealed that NDRG1 exerts its biological effect in Merkel cell lines by regulating the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and cyclin D1 proteins. Overall, NDRG1 plays an important role in MCPyV-induced cellular proliferation.IMPORTANCE Merkel cell carcinoma was first described in 1972 as a neuroendocrine tumor of skin, most cases of which were reported in 2008 to be caused by a PyV named Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), the first PyV linked to human cancer. Thereafter, numerous studies have been conducted to understand the etiology of this virus-induced carcinogenesis. However, it is still a new field, and much work is needed to understand the molecular pathogenesis of MCC. In the current work, we sought to identify the host genes specifically deregulated by MCPyV, as opposed to other PyVs, in order to better understand the relevance of the genes analyzed on the biological impact and progression of the disease. These findings open newer avenues for targeted drug therapies, thereby providing hope for the management of patients suffering from this highly aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Gupta
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Naveed Shahzad
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alexis Harold
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Masahiro Shuda
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Assunta Venuti
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Laura Pacini
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Lise Brault
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alexis Robitaille
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Valerio Taverniti
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Geoffroy Durand
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Le Calvez-Kelm
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Rosita Accardi
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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17
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Krasniqi E, Barchiesi G, Pizzuti L, Mazzotta M, Venuti A, Maugeri-Saccà M, Sanguineti G, Massimiani G, Sergi D, Carpano S, Marchetti P, Tomao S, Gamucci T, De Maria R, Tomao F, Natoli C, Tinari N, Ciliberto G, Barba M, Vici P. Immunotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer: state of the art and future perspectives. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:111. [PMID: 31665051 PMCID: PMC6820969 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease with primary or acquired incurability characteristics in a significant part of patients. Immunotherapeutical agents represent an emerging option for breast cancer treatment, including the human epidermal growth factor 2 positive (HER2+) subtype. The immune system holds the ability to spontaneously implement a defensive response against HER2+ BC cells through complex mechanisms which can be exploited to modulate this response for obtaining a clinical benefit. Initial immune system modulating strategies consisted mostly in vaccine therapies, which are still being investigated and improved. However, the entrance of trastuzumab into the scenery of HER2+ BC treatment was the real game changing event, which embodied a dominant immune-mediated mechanism. More recently, the advent of the immune checkpoint inhibitors has caused a new paradigm shift for immuno-oncology, with promising initial results also for HER2+ BC. Breast cancer has been traditionally considered poorly immunogenic, being characterized by relatively low tumor mutation burden (TMB). Nevertheless, recent evidence has revealed high tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in a considerable proportion of HER2+ BC patients. This may translate into a higher potential to elicit anti-cancer response and, therefore, wider possibilities for the use and implementation of immunotherapy in this subset of BC patients. We are herein presenting and critically discussing the most representative evidence concerning immunotherapy in HER2+ BC cancer, both singularly and in combination with therapeutic agents acting throughout HER2-block, immune checkpoint inhibition and anti-cancer vaccines. The reader will be also provided with hints concerning potential future projection of the most promising immutherapeutic agents and approaches for the disease of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Krasniqi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - G Barchiesi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - L Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - M Mazzotta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - A Venuti
- HPV-UNIT, UOSD Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation (RIDAIT), Translational Research Functional Departmental Area, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - G Sanguineti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - G Massimiani
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - D Sergi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - S Carpano
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
| | - P Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit B, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - S Tomao
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - T Gamucci
- Medical Oncology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - R De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology, Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - F Tomao
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Urology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Natoli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and Center of Aging Science & Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - N Tinari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and Center of Aging Science & Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - P Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53-00144, Rome, Italy
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18
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Mancini A, Vergani E, Bruno C, Olivieri G, Di Segni C, Silvestrini A, Venuti A, Favuzzi A, Meucci E. Oxidative stress as a possible mechanism underlying multi-hormonal deficiency in chronic heart failure. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 22:3936-3961. [PMID: 29949170 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201806_15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is associated with multi-hormonal derangement depicting a prevalence of catabolic vs. anabolic axes. Moreover, thyroid adaption is characterized by the reduced conversion of thyroxine to the active hormone triiodothyronine. On the other hand, hormones modulate synthesis and utilization of antioxidant systems. Therefore, hormonal failure can cause unbalance between reactive radical species and the defenses, resulting in oxidative stress (OS). OS is well described in CHF, but the relationship with the hormonal picture is not entirely known. In the present review, we firstly analyze the mechanisms of ROS production in the heart, discussing animal and human studies, and focusing on new discovered protective mechanisms such as sirtuins and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). The second section is dedicated to the role of main anabolic axes influencing antioxidant systems. Finally, we present some data supporting the hypothesis that OS could be the link between hormonal derangement and clinical outcome of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mancini
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, A. Gemelli Foundation, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Conforti C, Paolini F, Venuti A, Dianzani C, Zalaudek I. Comment on `The detection rate of human papillomavirus in well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma: is there new evidence for a viral pathogenesis of keratoacanthoma?' ‐ reply from authors. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:1345-1346. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Conforti
- Dermatology Clinic Maggiore Hospital, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - F. Paolini
- HPV Unit Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale (UOSD) Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Rome Italy
| | - A. Venuti
- HPV Unit Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale (UOSD) Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Rome Italy
| | - C. Dianzani
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery Campus Bio‐Medico University Hospital Rome Italy
| | - I. Zalaudek
- Dermatology Clinic Maggiore Hospital, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, University of Trieste Trieste Italy
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Conforti C, Paolini F, Venuti A, Dianzani C, Zalaudek I. The detection rate of human papillomavirus in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma: is there new evidence for a viral pathogenesis of keratoacanthoma? Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:1309-1311. [PMID: 31175661 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Conforti
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Paolini
- HPV-Unit, Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale (UOSD) Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - A Venuti
- HPV-Unit, Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale (UOSD) Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - C Dianzani
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - I Zalaudek
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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21
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Venuti A, Lohse S, Tommasino M, Smola S. Cross-talk of cutaneous beta human papillomaviruses and the immune system: determinants of disease penetrance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180287. [PMID: 30955489 PMCID: PMC6501898 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect the epithelia of skin or mucosa, where they can induce hyperproliferative lesions. More than 220 different HPV types have been characterized and classified into five different genera. Mucosal high-risk HPVs are causative for cancers of the anogenital region and oropharynx. Clinical data from patients with the rare genetic disorder epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) indicate that genus beta-HPVs cooperate with ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, epidemiological and biological findings indicate that beta-HPV types play a role in UV-mediated skin carcinogenesis also in non-EV individuals. However, the mechanisms used by these cutaneous viruses to promote epithelial carcinogenesis differ significantly from those of mucosal HPVs. Recent studies point to a delicate cross-talk of beta-HPVs with the cell-autonomous immunity of the host keratinocytes and the local immune microenvironment that eventually determines the fate of cutaneous HPV infection and the penetrance of disease. This review gives an overview of the critical interactions of genus beta-HPVs with the local immune system that allow the virus to complete its life cycle, to escape from extrinsic immunity, and eventually to cause chronic inflammation contributing to skin carcinogenesis. This article is part of the theme issue 'Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Venuti
- 1 Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer , 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon 69008 , France
| | - Stefan Lohse
- 2 Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center , Kirrbergerstr. Building 47, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- 1 Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer , 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon 69008 , France
| | - Sigrun Smola
- 2 Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center , Kirrbergerstr. Building 47, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
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22
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Venuti A, Musarra-Pizzo M, Pennisi R, Tankov S, Medici MA, Mastino A, Rebane A, Sciortino MT. HSV-1\EGFP stimulates miR-146a expression in a NF-κB-dependent manner in monocytic THP-1 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5157. [PMID: 30914680 PMCID: PMC6435682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway plays a key role in innate and adaptive immunity, cell proliferation and survival, inflammation and tumors development. MiR-146a is an immune system regulator that has anti-inflammatory function in multiple cell types and conditions. Here we demonstrate activation of canonical NF-κB pathway in monocytic cells upon HSV-1 replication. By constructing and using a recombinant HSV-1\EGFP virus, we monitored the capability of the virus to recruit NF-κB and we report that the phosphorylation of p65 protein correlates with an active virus replication at single-cell level. In addition, we found that upregulation of miR-146a during viral replication is strictly dependent on NF-κB activation and correlates with tight control of the interleukin-1 receptor-associate kinase 1 (IRAK1). Accordingly, THP-1 DN IκBα cells, expressing a dominant negative mIκBα, did not show upregulation of miR-146a upon HSV-1 infection. Our data suggest that the expression of miRNA-146a modulates NF-κB activation through targeting IRAK1 during HSV-1 replication in THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Venuti
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F, Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, Messina, 98166, Italy.
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, France.
| | - Maria Musarra-Pizzo
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F, Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F, Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Stoyan Tankov
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria Antonietta Medici
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F, Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Antonio Mastino
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F, Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, Messina, 98166, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F, Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, Messina, 98166, Italy.
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Guram K, Sanders P, Miyauchi S, Kim S, Venuti A, Cohen E, Gutkind J, Mell L, Sharabi A. Analysis of Anti-Tumor Immune Responses with Radiation Combined with Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy in an HPV Specific Head & Neck Cancer Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.06.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Attisano T, Scotto Di Uccio F, Accadia M, Silverio A, Quaranta G, Pastore F, Venuti A, De Angelis MC, Formigli D, Musumeci G, Calabro' P, Stabile E, Golino P, Esposito G, Galasso G. P3600Safety and feasibility of balloon aortic valvuloplasty in patients with severe aortic stenosis: role of non TAVI centers. The BAV for LIFE experience of CAMPANIA SICI GISE COMMUNITY. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Attisano
- Interventional Cardiology of Heart Department of University Hospital S. Giovanni e Ruggi, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - M Accadia
- Santa Maria di Loreto Mare Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - A Silverio
- Interventional Cardiology of Heart Department of University Hospital S. Giovanni e Ruggi, Salerno, Italy
| | - G Quaranta
- Hospital Umberto I, Nocera Inferiore, Italy
| | - F Pastore
- PO. Maria SS Addolorata, Eboli, Italy
| | - A Venuti
- Interventional Cardiology of Heart Department of University Hospital S. Giovanni e Ruggi, Salerno, Italy
| | | | | | - G Musumeci
- Santa Croce E Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - P Calabro'
- Università della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, CASERTA, Italy
| | - E Stabile
- Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - P Golino
- Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - G Esposito
- Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - G Galasso
- Interventional Cardiology of Heart Department of University Hospital S. Giovanni e Ruggi, Salerno, Italy
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Franconi R, Massa S, Illiano E, Muller A, Cirilli A, Accardd L, Bonito PDI, Giorgi C, Venuti A. Exploiting the Plant Secretory Pathway to Improve the Anticancer Activity of a Plant-Derived HPV16 E7 Vaccine. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/205873920601900119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E7 oncoprotein can be considered a ‘tumor-specific antigen’ and, therefore, it represents a promising target for a therapeutic vaccine against HPV-associated tumors. Efficient production of E7 protein with a plant-based transient expression system has been already described and it was demonstrated that E7-containing crude plant extracts confer partial protection against tumor challenge in a mouse model system. Before adopting the plant-based system as a cost-effective method for the production of an E7-based anti-cancer vaccine, some aspects, such as the oncoprotein yield, need further investigation. In the present study, we report the transient expression, mediated by a potato virus X (PVX)-derived vector, of the E7 protein targeted to the secretory system of Nicotiana benthamiana plants by using a plant-derived signal sequence. Targeting the antigen to the secretory pathway enhanced the E7 protein expression levels about five-fold. Mice immunized by s.c. administration with crude foliar extracts containing E7 showed strong stimulation of cell-mediated immune response after five boosters, as detected by ELISPOT. After challenging with the E7-expressing C3 tumor cells, tumor growth was completely inhibited in 80% of the vaccinated animals and a drastic reduction of tumor burden was observed in the remaining tumor-affected mice. These data demonstrate that, by enhancing E7 yield, it is possible to improve the anti-cancer activity of the plant-based experimental vaccine and open the way for a large-scale production of the E7 protein which could be purified or used as ‘in planta’ formulation, also suitable for oral therapeutic vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Franconi
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment, BIOTEC, Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Genomics, C.R. Casaccia, P.O. Box 2400 I-00100 Roma, Italy
| | - S. Massa
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment, BIOTEC, Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Genomics, C.R. Casaccia, P.O. Box 2400 I-00100 Roma, Italy
| | - E. Illiano
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment, BIOTEC, Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Genomics, C.R. Casaccia, P.O. Box 2400 I-00100 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Muller
- Laboratory of Virology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messi d'Oro 156, Roma, Italy
| | - A. Cirilli
- Laboratory of Virology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messi d'Oro 156, Roma, Italy
| | - L. Accardd
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - P. DI Bonito
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - C. Giorgi
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Venuti
- Laboratory of Virology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messi d'Oro 156, Roma, Italy
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Venuti A, Pastori C, Siracusano G, Pennisi R, Riva A, Tommasino M, Sciortino MT, Lopalco L. The Abrogation of Phosphorylation Plays a Relevant Role in the CCR5 Signalosome Formation with Natural Antibodies to CCR5. Viruses 2017; 10:E9. [PMID: 29283386 PMCID: PMC5795422 DOI: 10.3390/v10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure to CCR5 (CC chemokine receptor 5) specific natural antibodies in vitro produces a Class B β-arrestin2-dependent CCR5 retention with the aid of ERK1, due to the formation of a CCR5 signalosome, which remains stable for at least 48 h. Considering that β-arrestins and MAPKs are receptive to environmental signals, their signal complexes could be one of the key junction for GPCRs internalization related signal transduction. Here, we demonstrate that, in T cells, the phosphorylation status of either CCR5 receptor or ERK1 protein is necessary to drive the internalized receptor into the early endosomes, forming the CCR5 signalosome. In particular, our data show that β-arrestin2/ERK1 complex is a relevant transducer in the CCR5 signaling pathway. Understanding the mechanism of CCR5 regulation is essential for many inflammatory disorders, tumorigenesis and viral infection such as HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriel Siracusano
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Agostino Riva
- Third Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is responsible for immune and inflammatory responses by mediation of chemotactic activity in leukocytes, although it is expressed on different cell types. It has been shown to act as co-receptor for the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV). Natural reactive antibodies (Abs) recognizing first loop (ECL1) of CCR5 have been detected in several pools of immunoglobulins from healthy donors and from several cohorts of either HIV-exposed but uninfected subjects (ESN) or HIV-infected individuals who control disease progression (LTNP) as well. The reason of development of anti-CCR5 Abs in the absence of autoimmune disease is still unknown; however, the presence of these Abs specific for CCR5 or for other immune receptors and mediators probably is related to homeostasis maintenance. The majority of anti-CCR5 Abs is directed to HIV binding site (N-terminus and ECL2) of the receptor. Conversely, it is well known that ECL1 of CCR5 does not bind HIV; thus, the anti-CCR5 Abs directed to ECL1 elicit a long-lasting internalization of CCR5 but not interfere with HIV binding directly; these Abs block HIV infection in either epithelial cells or CD4+ T lymphocytes and the mechanism differs from those ones described for all other CCR5-specific ligands. The Ab-mediated CCR5 internalization allows the formation of a stable signalosome by interaction of CCR5, β-arrestin2 and ERK1 proteins. The signalosome degradation and the subsequent de novo proteins synthesis determine the CCR5 reappearance on the cell membrane with a very long-lasting kinetics (8 days). The use of monoclonal Abs to CCR5 with particular characteristics and mode of action may represent a novel mode to fight viral infection in either vaccinal or therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, DIBIT - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Pacini L, Ceraolo MG, Venuti A, Melita G, Hasan UA, Accardi R, Tommasino M. UV Radiation Activates Toll-Like Receptor 9 Expression in Primary Human Keratinocytes, an Event Inhibited by Human Papillomavirus 38 E6 and E7 Oncoproteins. J Virol 2017; 91:e01123-17. [PMID: 28724760 PMCID: PMC5599736 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01123-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types belonging to the beta genus of the HPV phylogenetic tree synergize with UV radiation in the development of skin cancer. Accordingly, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins from some beta HPV types are able to deregulate pathways related to immune response and cellular transformation. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), in addition to playing a role in innate immunity, has been shown to be involved in the cellular stress response. Using primary human keratinocytes as experimental models, we have shown that UV irradiation (and other cellular stresses) activates TLR9 expression. This event is closely linked to p53 activation. Silencing the expression of p53 or deleting its encoding gene affected the activation of TLR9 expression after UV irradiation. Using various strategies, we have also shown that the transcription factors p53 and c-Jun are recruited onto a specific region of the TLR9 promoter after UV irradiation. Importantly, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins from beta HPV38, by inducing the accumulation of the p53 antagonist ΔNp73α, prevent the UV-mediated recruitment of these transcription factors onto the TLR9 promoter, with subsequent impairment of TLR9 gene expression. This study provides new insight into the mechanism that mediates TLR9 upregulation in response to cellular stresses. In addition, we show that HPV38 E6 and E7 are able to interfere with this mechanism, providing another explanation for the possible cooperation of beta HPV types with UV radiation in skin carcinogenesis.IMPORTANCE Beta HPV types have been suggested to act as cofactors in UV-induced skin carcinogenesis by altering several cellular mechanisms activated by UV radiation. We show that the expression of TLR9, a sensor of damage-associated molecular patterns produced during cellular stress, is activated by UV radiation in primary human keratinocytes (PHKs). Two transcription factors known to be activated by UV radiation, p53 and c-Jun, play key roles in UV-activated TLR9 expression. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins from beta HPV38 strongly inhibit UV-activated TLR9 expression by preventing the recruitment of p53 and c-Jun to the TLR9 promoter. Our findings provide additional support for the role that beta HPV types play in skin carcinogenesis by preventing activation of specific pathways upon exposure of PHKs to UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pacini
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Grazia Ceraolo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Assunta Venuti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases (DIBIT), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giusi Melita
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Uzma A Hasan
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), Lyon, France
- INSERM U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Rosita Accardi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Colao I, Pennisi R, Venuti A, Nygårdas M, Heikkilä O, Hukkanen V, Sciortino MT. The ERK-1 function is required for HSV-1-mediated G1/S progression in HEP-2 cells and contributes to virus growth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9176. [PMID: 28835716 PMCID: PMC5569015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The herpes simplex virus 1 is able to readdress different cellular pathways including cell cycle to facilitate its replication and spread. During infection, the progression of the cell cycle from G1 to S phase makes the cellular replication machinery accessible to viral DNA replication. In this work we established that HSV-1, in asynchronized HEp-2 cells, strictly controls cell cycle progression increasing S-phase population from 9 hours post infection until the end of HSV-1 replication. The G1/S phases progression depends on two important proteins, cyclin E and CDK2. We demonstrate that their phosphorylated status and then their activity during the infection is strongly correlated to viral replication events. In addition, HSV-1 is able to recruit and distribute ERK1/2 proteins in a spatio-temporal fashion, highlighting its downstream regulatory effects on cellular processes. According with this data, using chemical inhibitor U0126 and ERK dominant negative cells we found that the lack of ERK1 activity affects cyclin E protein accumulation, viral gene transcription and percentage of the cells in S phase, during the viral replication. These data suggested a complex interaction between ERK, cell cycle progression and HSV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Colao
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Assunta Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Outi Heikkilä
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Veijo Hukkanen
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
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Legnani L, Colombo D, Venuti A, Pastori C, Lopalco L, Toma L, Mori M, Grazioso G, Villa S. Diazabicyclo analogues of maraviroc: synthesis, modeling, NMR studies and antiviral activity. Medchemcomm 2017; 8:422-433. [PMID: 30108760 PMCID: PMC6071814 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00575f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two diazabicyclo analogues of maraviroc, in which the azabicyclooctane moiety is replaced by diazabicyclooctane or diazabicyclononane, were synthesized and tested, through a viral neutralization assay, on a panel of six pseudoviruses. The diazabicyclooctane derivative maintained a significant infectivity reduction power, whereas the diazabicyclononane was less effective. Biological data were rationalized through a computational study that allowed the conformational preferences of the compounds to be determined and a correlation between the inhibitory activity, the bridge length of the bicycle, and the rotational barrier around dihedral angle τ7 to be hypothesized. A high-field NMR analysis supported the modeling results.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Legnani
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Pavia , Via Taramelli 12 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Catania , V.le A. Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - D Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale , Università di Milano , Via Saldini 50 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - A Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases , San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - C Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases , San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - L Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases , San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - L Toma
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Pavia , Via Taramelli 12 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - M Mori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università di Milano , Via L. Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milano , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 02 503 19368
| | - G Grazioso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università di Milano , Via L. Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milano , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 02 503 19368
| | - S Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università di Milano , Via L. Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milano , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 02 503 19368
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31
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Venuti A, Pastori C, Pennisi R, Riva A, Sciortino MT, Lopalco L. Class B β-arrestin2-dependent CCR5 signalosome retention with natural antibodies to CCR5. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39382. [PMID: 28008933 PMCID: PMC5180096 DOI: 10.1038/srep39382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5 stimulation with natural ligands, such as RANTES, classically induces short-term internalization with transient activation of β-arrestins and rapidly recycling on the cell surface. Here we discovered that, in T cells, natural CCR5 antibodies induce a CCR5-negative phenotype with the involvement of β-arrestin2, which leads to the formation of a stable CCR5 signalosome with both β-arrestin2 and ERK1. The activation of β-arrestin2 is necessary to CCR5 signaling for the signalosome formation and stabilization. When all stimuli were washed out, β-arrestin1 silencing favors the activity of β-arrestin2 for the CCR5 signalosome retention. Interestingly, CCR5 turn from Class A trafficking pattern, normally used for its internalization with natural modulating molecules (i.e. RANTES), into a long lasting Class B type specifically induced by stimulation with natural anti-CCR5 antibodies. This new CCR5 pathway is relevant not only to study in depth the molecular basis of all pathologies where CCR5 is involved but also to generate new antidody-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pennisi
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Agostino Riva
- Third Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, 20157, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
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Richichi B, Pastori C, Gherardi S, Venuti A, Cerreto A, Sanvito F, Toma L, Lopalco L, Nativi C. GM-3 Lactone Mimetic Interacts with CD4 and HIV-1 Env Proteins, Hampering HIV-1 Infection without Inducing a Histopathological Alteration. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:564-71. [PMID: 27626296 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are involved in HIV-1 entry. GM-3 ganglioside, a widespread GSL, affects HIV entry and infection in different ways, depending on the concentration, through its anchoring activity in lipid rafts. This explains why the induction of an altered GSLs metabolism was a tempting approach to reducing HIV-1 cell infection. This study assayed the biological properties of a synthetic GM-3 lactone mimetic, 1, aimed at blocking HIV-1 infection without inducing the adverse events expected by an altered metabolism of GLSs in vivo. The mimetic, conjugated to immunogenic protein ovalbumin and multivalently presented, was able to bind the CD4 molecule with high affinity and block its engagement with gp120, thus inhibiting virus entry. Elicited antimimetic antibodies were also able to block HIV-1 infection in vitro, with activity complementary to that observed for 1. These preliminary results show that the use of GSLs mimetics can be a novel promising mode to block HIV-1 infection and that 1 and other GSL mimetics deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Gherardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Assunta Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Cerreto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- Pathology Department, Mouse Histopathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Toma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
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Siracusano G, Venuti A, Lombardo D, Mastino A, Esclatine A, Sciortino MT. Early activation of MyD88-mediated autophagy sustains HSV-1 replication in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31302. [PMID: 27509841 PMCID: PMC4980660 DOI: 10.1038/srep31302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway that exerts numerous functions in vital biological processes. Among these, it contributes to both innate and adaptive immunity. On the other hand, pathogens have evolved strategies to manipulate autophagy for their own advantage. By monitoring autophagic markers, we showed that HSV-1 transiently induced autophagosome formation during early times of the infection of monocytic THP-1 cells and human monocytes. Autophagy is induced in THP-1 cells by a mechanism independent of viral gene expression or viral DNA accumulation. We found that the MyD88 signaling pathway is required for HSV-1-mediated autophagy, and it is linked to the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Interestingly, autophagy inhibition by pharmacological modulators or siRNA knockdown impaired viral replication in both THP-1 cells and human monocytes, suggest that the virus exploits the autophagic machinery to its own benefit in these cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that the early autophagic response induced by HSV-1 exerts a proviral role, improving viral production in a semi-permissive model such as THP-1 cells and human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Siracusano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Assunta Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Mastino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.,The Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Audrey Esclatine
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Vici P, Pizzuti L, Mariani L, Zampa G, Santini D, Di Lauro L, Gamucci T, Natoli C, Marchetti P, Barba M, Maugeri-Saccà M, Sergi D, Tomao F, Vizza E, Di Filippo S, Paolini F, Curzio G, Corrado G, Michelotti A, Sanguineti G, Giordano A, De Maria R, Venuti A. Targeting immune response with therapeutic vaccines in premalignant lesions and cervical cancer: hope or reality from clinical studies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1327-36. [PMID: 27063030 PMCID: PMC5152541 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1176533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely known as a cause of cervical cancer (CC) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). HPVs related to cancer express two main oncogenes, i.e. E6 and E7, considered as tumorigenic genes; their integration into the host genome results in the abnormal regulation of cell cycle control. Due to their peculiarities, these oncogenes represent an excellent target for cancer immunotherapy. In this work the authors highlight the potential use of therapeutic vaccines as safe and effective pharmacological tools in cervical disease, focusing on vaccines that have reached the clinical trial phase. Many therapeutic HPV vaccines have been tested in clinical trials with promising results. Adoptive T-cell therapy showed clinical activity in a phase II trial involving advanced CC patients. A phase II randomized trial showed clinical activity of a nucleic acid-based vaccine in HPV16 or HPV18 positive CIN. Several trials involving peptide-protein-based vaccines and live-vector based vaccines demonstrated that these approaches are effective in CIN as well as in advanced CC patients. HPV therapeutic vaccines must be regarded as a therapeutic option in cervical disease. The synergic combination of HPV therapeutic vaccines with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunomodulators or immune checkpoint inhibitors opens a new and interesting scenario in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vici
- a Division of Medical Oncology 2 , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - L Pizzuti
- a Division of Medical Oncology 2 , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - L Mariani
- b HPV-UNIT Laboratory of Virology , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy.,c Department of Gynecologic Oncology , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - G Zampa
- d Oncology Unit , Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - D Santini
- e Department of Medical Oncology , University Campus Bio-Medico , Rome , Italy
| | - L Di Lauro
- a Division of Medical Oncology 2 , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - T Gamucci
- f Medical Oncology Unit, ASL Frosinone , Frosinone , Italy
| | - C Natoli
- g Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Experimental and Clinical Sciences , University 'G. d'Annunzio' , Chieti , Italy
| | - P Marchetti
- h Oncology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital , 'Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - M Barba
- a Division of Medical Oncology 2 , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy.,i Scientific Direction , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - M Maugeri-Saccà
- a Division of Medical Oncology 2 , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy.,i Scientific Direction , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - D Sergi
- a Division of Medical Oncology 2 , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - F Tomao
- j Department of Gynecologic and Obstetric Sciences , La Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - E Vizza
- b HPV-UNIT Laboratory of Virology , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - S Di Filippo
- k Emergency Department , Santa Maria Goretti Hospital , Latina , Italy
| | - F Paolini
- b HPV-UNIT Laboratory of Virology , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - G Curzio
- b HPV-UNIT Laboratory of Virology , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - G Corrado
- c Department of Gynecologic Oncology , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - A Michelotti
- l Oncology Unit I , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy
| | - G Sanguineti
- m Radiotherapy , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - A Giordano
- n Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,o Department of Human Pathology and Oncology , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - R De Maria
- i Scientific Direction , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - A Venuti
- b HPV-UNIT Laboratory of Virology , 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
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Venuti A, Pastori C, Siracusano G, Riva A, Sciortino MT, Lopalco L. ERK1-Based Pathway as a New Selective Mechanism To Modulate CCR5 with Natural Antibodies. J Immunol 2015; 195:3045-57. [PMID: 26324779 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural human Abs, recognizing an epitope within the first extramembrane loop of CCR5 (the main HIV coreceptor), induce a long-lasting internalization (48 h) of the protein, whereas all known CCR5 modulating molecules show a short-term kinetics (60-90 min). Despite extensive studies on the regulation of CCR5 signaling cascades, which are the effect of concomitant CCR5 internalization by exogenous stimuli such as Abs, downstream signaling continues to be poorly understood. In this article, we report a hitherto unrecognized mechanism of CCR5 modulation mediated by G protein-dependent ERK1 activity. We further demonstrate that ERK1 is localized mainly in the cytoplasmic compartment and that it interacts directly with the CCR5 protein, thus provoking possible CCR5 degradation with a subsequent de novo synthesis, and that re-expression of CCR5 on the cell membrane required several days. In contrast, the RANTES treatment induces a recovery of the receptor on the cell membrane in short-term kinetics without the involvement of de novo protein synthesis. The said new pathway could be relevant not only to better understand the molecular basis of all pathologic conditions in which CCR5 is involved but also to generate new tools to block viral infections, such as the use of recombinant Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriel Siracusano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; and
| | - Agostino Riva
- Third Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sciortino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; and
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy;
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Miglietta R, Pastori C, Venuti A, Ochsenbauer C, Lopalco L. Synergy in monoclonal antibody neutralization of HIV-1 pseudoviruses and infectious molecular clones. J Transl Med 2014; 12:346. [PMID: 25496375 PMCID: PMC4274758 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early events in HIV infection are still poorly understood; virus derived from acute infections, the transmitted/founders IMCs, could provide more reliable information as they represent strains that established HIV infection in vivo, and therefore are investigated to elucidate potentially shared biological features. Methods This study examined synergy in neutralization by six monoclonal antibodies targeting different domains in gp120 and gp41 and assayed in pairwise combination against 11 HIV-1 clade B strains, either Env pseudoviruses (PV, n = 5) or transmitted/founder infectious molecular clones (T/F IMCs, n = 6). Three of the early-infection env tested as PV were juxtaposed with T/F viruses derived from the same three patients, respectively. Results All antibodies reaching IC50 were assayed pairwise (n = 50). T/F IMCs showed overall lower sensitivity to neutralization by single antibodies than PV, including within the three patient-matched pairs. Remarkably, combination index (CI) calculated using the Chow and Talalay method indicated synergy (CI < 0.9) in 42 data sets, and occurred in T/F IMC at similar proportions (15 of 17 antibody-T/F IMC combinations tested) as in pseudoviruses (27 of 33). CI values indicative of additivity and low-level antagonism were seen in 5 and 3 cases, respectively. Most pairs showed comparable synergic neutralizing effects on both virus groups, with the 4E10 + PG16 pair achieving the best synergic effects. Variability in neutralization was mostly observed on pseudovirus isolates, suggesting that factors other than virus isolation technology, such as env conformation, epitope accessibility and antibody concentration, are likely to affect polyclonal neutralization. Conclusions The findings from this study suggest that inhibitory activity of bNAbs can be further augmented through appropriate combination, even against viruses representing circulating strains, which are likely to exhibit a less sensitive Tier 2 neutralization phenotype. This notion has important implications for the design and development of anti-Env bNAb-inducing vaccines and polyclonal sera for passive immunization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-014-0346-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Miglietta
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Claudia Pastori
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Assunta Venuti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,CFAR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Brisinda D, Venuti A, Sorbo AR, Cataldi C, Iantorno E, Fenici R. Comparison between standard short-term, very-short and ultra-short-term heart rate variability analysis in healthy subjects during exercise testing. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Brisinda D, Venuti A, Sorbo AR, Fenici R. Magnetocardiographic demonstration of complex ventricular preexcitation resulting in ablation failure. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:5046-8. [PMID: 23932861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Brisinda
- Clinical Physiology - Biomagnetism Center, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Fenici R, Brisinda D, Venuti A, Sorbo A. Thirty years of clinical magnetocardiography at the Catholic University of Rome: Diagnostic value and new perspectives for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:5113-5. [PMID: 23958422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Caruso RA, Rigoli L, Parisi A, Fedele F, Bonanno A, Paparo D, Querci A, Crisafulli C, Branca G, Venuti A. Neutrophil-rich Gastric Carcinomas: Light and Electron Microscopic Study of 9 Cases with Particular Reference to Neutrophil Apoptosis. Ultrastruct Pathol 2013; 37:164-70. [DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2013.768746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Mariani L, Vici P, Venuti A, Paolini F, Vizza E, Tomao S, Di Lauro L, Antoniani B, Pescarmona E, Mottolese M. M406 HER FAMILY EXPRESSION IN PRENEOPLASTIC LOW AND HIGH-GRADE CERVICAL LESIONS. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)61597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Caruso RA, Fedele F, Finocchiaro G, Arena G, Venuti A. Neutrophil-tumor cell phagocytosis (cannibalism) in human tumors: an update and literature review. Exp Oncol 2012; 34:306-311. [PMID: 23070016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The recognition and removal of apoptotic cells by tissue macrophages and nonprofessional phagocytes, in a process called efferocytosis, is critical for development, tissue homeostasis and resolution of inflammation. Apoptotic bodies arising in tumor tissue are ingested by viable neoplastic cells and by resident macrophages. We described tumor cell phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils in human gastric carcinomas. This phenomenon is analogous to neutrophil efferocytosis performed by macrophages and by nonprofessional phagocytes during inflammatory reaction but is distinct by other types of cell-in-cell phenomena including emperipolesis and entosis both cytologically and biologically. In this review, we discussed them in their ultrastructural morphology, physiological roles, and clinicopathologic implications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Apoptosis: Four Decades Later".
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Caruso
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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43
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Paolini F, Rollo F, Brandi R, Benevolo M, Mariani L, Cercato MC, Vocaturo A, Venuti A. High risk human papillomavirus genotyping in clinical samples: evaluation of different commercial tests. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:127-38. [PMID: 21496395 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to compare the performance of several commercial human papillomavirus (HPV) tests in a cohort of 281 women. The hybrid capture II, the PreTect-HPV-Proofer, the linear array, and DR.HPVTMIVD were utilized to detect and type HPV in parallel with in-house PCR tests followed by direct automated sequencing or by sub-cloning and sequencing. The concordance levels along with other tests were evaluated with a Cohen's K value varying between 0.60 to 0.88, indicating good correlation with nearly perfect agreement between hybrid capture II, (HCII) and the linear array test. High sensitivity was recorded by the linear array and HCII with 100% (95% CI, 0.8021 to 1.0000) detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III by both methods. Conversely, the PreTect-HPV-Proofer showed high specificity with 12% (95% CI, 0.7966 to 0.9163) positivity on normal samples. The genotyping analysis showed that agreement among tests was only low to moderate with great differences between different HPV types. Multiple infections were detected with poor concordance and sub-cloning assays revealed the presence of a lower number of HPV in comparison to the other methods. In summary, the use of different HPV tests applied to the same group of cervical smears may possibly lead to incongruent results, suggesting the need to standardize type-specific sensitivity of genotyping methods and the need to evaluate their accuracy in detecting multiple HPV infections. This would be a prerequisite for the use of genotyping assays in cervical cancer screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Paolini
- Laboratory of Virology, Regina Elena-National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Cercato MC, Mariani L, Vocaturo A, Carrone A, Terrenato I, Morano G, Benevolo M, Rollo F, Germelli C, Paolini F, Venuti A. Predictors of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in Italian women. J Med Virol 2011; 82:1921-7. [PMID: 20872720 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
HPV infection is a "necessary cause" of cervical cancer and it is sexually transmitted. Due to upcoming mass vaccination investigation on risk factors for infection is the basis to implement prophylactic strategy even in older women. The aim of the study was to evaluate predictors of high-risk (HR) HPV infection in adult women. Between 2006 and 2008, 100 women aged >18 years, with no previous treatment for cervical lesions, were screened for HR HPV infection in Rome, Italy. Risk factors for HPV infection were investigated through a questionnaire including: ethnicity, religion, education, marital status, sexual behavior, gynecological and obstetrical history, smoking and alcohol intake. Multivariate analysis identified the "never married-separated/divorced" status (OR: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.14-10.12) as predictor of HPV infection, while having a higher age at the first sexual intercourse (FSI) shows a protective effect (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.71-1.00). A trend for the association between the infection and having more than three lifetime partners was also observed (OR: 2.57; 95% CI: 0.86-7.71). No significant association was found for other demographic characteristics investigated. These findings provide a contribution in the knowledge of an adult population defining a "high-risk" sexual behavioral profile and could be helpful to target prophylactic strategies in older woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Cercato
- Department of Epidemiology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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Adams NG, Adekambi T, Afeltra J, Aguado J, Aires de Sousa M, Akiyoshi K, Al Hasan M, Ala-Kokko T, Albert M, Alfandari S, Allen D, Allerberger F, Almyroudis N, Alp E, Amin R, Anderson-Berry A, Andes DR, Andremont A, Andreu A, Angelakis M, Antachopoulos C, Antoniadou A, Arabatzis M, Arlet G, Arnez M, Arnold C, Asensio A, Asseray N, Ausiello C, Avni T, Ayling R, Baddour L, Baguelin M, Bányai K, Barbour A, Basco LK, Bauer D, Bayston R, Beall B, Becker K, Behr M, Bejon P, Belliot G, Benito-Fernandez J, Benjamin D, Benschop K, Berencsi G, Bergeron MG, Bernard K, Berner R, Beyersmann J, Bille J, Bizzini A, Bjarnsholt T, Blanc D, Blanco J, Blot S, Bohnert J, Boillat N, Bonomo R, Bonten M, Bordon JM, Borel N, Boschiroli ML, Bosilkovski M, Bosso JA, Botelho-Nevers E, Bou G, Bretagne S, Brouqui P, Brun-Buisson C, Brunetto M, Bucher H, Buchheidt D, Buckling A, Bulpa P, Cambau E, Canducci F, Cantón R, Capobianchi M, Carattoli A, Carcopino X, Cardona-Castro N, Carling PC, Carrat F, Castilla J, Castilletti C, Cavaco L, Cavallo R, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Centrón D, Chappuis F, Charrel R, Chen M, Chevaliez S, Chezzi C, Chomel B, Chowers M, Chryssanthou E, Ciammaruconi A, Ciccozzi M, Cid J, Ciofu O, Cisneros D, Ciufolini MG, Clark C, Clarke SC, Clayton R, Clementi M, Clemons K, Cloeckaert A, Cloud J, Coenye T, Cohen Bacri S, Cohen R, Coia J, Colombo A, Colson P, Concerse P, Cordonnier C, Cormican M, Cornaglia G, Cornely O, Costa S, Cots F, Craxi A, Creti R, Crnich C, Cuenca Estrella M, Cusi MG, d'Ettorre G, da Cruz Lamas C, Daikos G, Dannaoui E, De Barbeyrac B, De Grazia S, de Jager C, de Lamballerie X, de Marco F, del Palacio A, Delpeyroux F, Denamur E, Denis O, Depaquit J, Deplano A, Desenclos JC, Desjeux P, Deutch S, Di Luca D, Dianzani F, Diep B, Diestra K, Dignani C, Dimopoulos G, Divizia M, Doi Y, Dornbusch HJ, Dotis J, Drancourt M, Drevinek P, Dromer F, Dryden M, Dubreuil L, Dubus JC, Dumitrescu O, Dumke R, DuPont H, Edelstein M, Eggimann P, Eis-Huebinger AM, El Atrouni WI, Entenza J, Ergonul O, Espinel-Ingroff A, Esteban J, Etienne J, Fan XG, Fenollar F, Ferrante P, Ferrieri P, Ferry T, Feuchtinger T, Finegold S, Fingerle V, Fitch M, Fitzgerald R, Flori P, Fluit A, Fontana R, Fournier PE, François M, Francois P, Freedman DO, Friedrich A, Gallego L, Gallinella G, Gangneux JP, Gannon V, Garbarg-Chenon A, Garbino J, Garnacho-Montero J, Gatermann S, Gautret P, Gentile G, Gerlich W, Ghannoum M, Ghebremedhin B, Ghigo E, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Girgis R, Giske C, Glupczynski Y, Gnarpe J, Gomez-Barrena E, Gorwitz RJ, Gosselin R, Goubau P, Gould E, Gradel K, Gray J, Gregson D, Greub G, Grijalva CG, Groll A, Groschup M, Gutiérrez J, Hackam DG, Hall WA, Hallett R, Hansen S, Harbarth S, Harf-Monteil C, Hasanjani RMR, Hasler P, Hatchette T, Hauser P, He Q, Hedges A, Helbig J, Hennequin C, Herrmann B, Hezode C, Higgins P, Hoesli I, Hoiby N, Hope W, Houvinen P, Hsu LY, Huard R, Humphreys H, Icardi M, Imoehl M, Ivanova K, Iwamoto T, Izopet J, Jackson Y, Jacobsen 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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF REVIEWERS. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Scala A, Cordaro M, Mazzaglia A, Risitano F, Venuti A, Sciortino MT, Grassi G. Synthesis and anti HSV-1 evaluation of novel indole-3,4-diones. Med Chem Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00190b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bolignano D, Medici MA, Coppolino G, Sciortino MT, Merlo FM, Campo S, Donato V, Venuti A, Sturiale A, Zaccaria D, Buemi A, Lacquaniti A, Buemi M. Aquaretic inhibits renal cancer proliferation: Role of vasopressin receptor-2 (V2-R). Urol Oncol 2010; 28:642-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2008] [Revised: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Caruso RA, Rigoli L, Fedele F, Pizzi G, Quattrocchi E, Finocchiaro G, Labate A, Paparo D, Lucianò R, Parisi A, Venuti A. Modifications of nuclear envelope in tumour cells of human gastric carcinomas: an ultrastructural study. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:699-702. [PMID: 20332493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various nuclear envelope derivatives, such as the annulate lamellae, the intranuclear tubules as well as the nuclear projections and pockets may be observed electron microscopically in tumour cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a series of eight gastric adenocarcinomas, ultrastructural features of nuclear envelope changes were analyzed and correlated to the biology of the tumours. RESULTS Histologically, three tumours were intestinal-type adenocarcinomas and showed annulate lamellae in the cytoplasm of some tumor cells. Five tumors were mixed-type adenocarcinomas, with a solid growth pattern; two of these tumours were characterized by the presence of intranuclear tubules, whereas the remaining three tumours exhibited nuclear pockets and projections. Seven out of eight patients died due to metastatic disease during the follow-up period (median 31 months). CONCLUSION Ultrastructural evaluation of pleomorphism of the nuclear envelope may be an ancillary method for the pathologist in the study of nuclear grading of gastric carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Caruso
- Department of Human Pathology, University Hospital, I-98125 Messina, Italy
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Roperto S, Paciello O, Paolini F, Pagnini U, Palma E, Di Palo R, Russo V, Roperto F, Venuti A. Short communication: Detection of human Torque teno virus in the milk of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:5928-32. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Caruso RA, Fedele F, Finocchiaro G, Pizzi G, Nunnari M, Gitto G, Fabiano V, Parisi A, Venuti A. Ultrastructural descriptions of pericyte/endothelium peg-socket interdigitations in the microvasculature of human gastric carcinomas. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:449-453. [PMID: 19331185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis requires complex multistep signalling pathways and a high degree of spatial and temporal coordination among endothelial cells and pericytes. The two cell types exhibit numerous contacts in vivo and in vitro, including the occurrence of peg-socket junctions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrastructural findings in 9 cases of advanced gastric carcinomas were reviewed with special emphasis on endothelium/pericyte peg-socket junctions. RESULTS The incidence of peg-socket junctions was approximately 8% in 5 out of 9 cases. The remaining 4 cases showed a very low rate, including two cases in whom interactions were totally absent. Peg-socket junctions consisted of cytoplasmic projection from the pericyte protruding into the endothelial indentation. The endothelial cells interacting with pericytes showed ultrastructural signs of partial stabilization such as continuous endothelial lining, regularly constructed interendothelial junctions, more or less integrated pericytes, and multilayered basement membrane. CONCLUSION Our ultrastructural study confirms previous reports regarding pericyte/endothelial peg-socket interdigitations in murine and human granulation tissues and extends these findings to the microvasculature of human gastric carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Caruso
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy.
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