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Habinger SG, Chavasseau O, Jaeger JJ, Chaimanee Y, Soe AN, Sein C, Bocherens H. Evolutionary ecology of Miocene hominoid primates in Southeast Asia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11841. [PMID: 35821257 PMCID: PMC9276763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary history and palaeoecology of orangutans remains poorly understood until today. The restricted geographic distribution of extant Pongo indicates specific ecological needs. However, it is not clear whether these needs were shared by the great diversity of fossil pongines known from the Miocene to the Pleistocene. Here we show how niche modelling of stable carbon and oxygen isotope data of the carbonate fraction of dental enamel can be used to reconstruct the paleoecology of fossil and modern pongines and associated mammal communities. We focus on Khoratpithecus ayeyarwadyensis, a Late Miocene pongine from Myanmar and the sister clade to extant orangutans, and compare it to its associated mammal fauna and other fossil and extant pongines. The results are consistent with a vertical position high up in the canopy of a forested habitat with purely C3 vegetation for K. ayeyarwadyensis as well as the contemporaneous Sivapithecus. Although their positions in the modelled isotopic niche space look similar to the ecological niche occupied by modern Pongo, a comparison of the modelled niches within the pongine clade revealed possible differences in the use of microhabitats by the Miocene apes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Habinger
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Laboratoire PALEVOPRIM, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
| | - O Chavasseau
- Laboratoire PALEVOPRIM, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - J-J Jaeger
- Laboratoire PALEVOPRIM, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Y Chaimanee
- Laboratoire PALEVOPRIM, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - A N Soe
- Mandalay University of Distance Education, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - C Sein
- Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Higher Education, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - H Bocherens
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Aung MN, Stein C, Chen WT, Garg V, Saraswati Sitepu M, Thu NTD, Gundran CPD, Hassan MR, Suthutvoravut U, Soe AN, Nour M, Gyi KK, Brandl R, Yuasa M. Community responses to COVID-19 pandemic first wave containment measures: a multinational study. J Infect Dev Ctries 2021; 15:1107-1116. [PMID: 34516418 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION National strategies to control COVID-19 pandemic consisted mostly of social distancing measures such as lockdowns, curfews, and stay-home guidelines, personal protection such as hand hygiene and mask wearing, as well as contact tracing, isolation and quarantine. Whilst policy interventions were broadly similar across the globe, there were some differences in individual and community responses. This study explored community responses to COVID-19 containment measures in different countries and synthesized a model. This exaplains the community response to pandemic containment measures in the local context, so as to be suitably prepared for future interventions and research. METHODOLOGY A mutlinational study was conducted from April-June 2020 involving researchers from 12 countries (Japan, Austria, U.S., Taiwan, India, Sudan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand). Steps in this research consisted of carrying out open-ended questionnaires, qualitative analyses in NVivo, and a multinational meeting to reflect, exchange, and validate results. Lastly, a commuinty response model was synthesized from multinational experiences. RESULTS Effective communication is key in promoting collective action for preventing virus transmission. Health literacy, habits and social norms in different populations are core components of public health interventions. To enable people to stay home while sustaining livelihoods, economic and social support are essential. Countries could benefit from previous pandemic experience in their community response. Whilst contact tracing and isolation are crucial intervention components, issues of privacy and human rights need to be considered. CONCLUSIONS Understanding community responses to containment policies will help in ending current and future pandemics in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo Nyein Aung
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences and Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Wei-Ti Chen
- UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Vandana Garg
- Manav Rachna International Institute of research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Dang Thu
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue Univeristy, Thua Thien Hue,Vietnam
| | - Carlos Primero D Gundran
- Department of Health Policies and Administration, College of Public Health, University of Phillipines, Manila, Phillipines
| | - Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Unyaporn Suthutvoravut
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathiboidi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aung Naing Soe
- City Cancer Foundation, Yangon, Myanmar, and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magde Nour
- Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Khin Khin Gyi
- Central Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Sports, Myanmar
| | | | - Motoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Frech S, Bravo LE, Rodriguez I, Pomata A, Aung KT, Soe AN, Hornburg B, Guarner J, Brock J, Camacho R, Milner D. Strengthening Pathology Capacity to Deliver Quality Cancer Care in Cities in LMICs. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:917-924. [PMID: 34129368 PMCID: PMC8457877 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic pathology services for oncology health systems are essential; yet, surveys, observations, and hard data from across low- and middle-income countries have revealed that these services are almost always lacking adequate quality and often missing completely. The City Cancer Challenge Foundation (C/Can), the American Society for Clinical Pathology, and C/Can partner cities undertook intense analysis of their existing pathology services as part of a year-long assessment process including the specific formation of a pathology-focused team. Internal and external expert assessments identified sustainable solutions adapted to the local context and level of resources and created specific local implementation projects. Through local leadership, capacity development, and collaboration, services were improved city-wide in three cities: Cali, Colombia; Asunción, Paraguay; and Yangon, Myanmar. Common problems identified across cities included deficiencies in personnel training, equipment, reagents, processes, quality, and coordination. Specific solutions included quality training, standard process development and regulation, implementation of new services, and public-private collaboration. As the first cities joining the C/Can initiative, Cali, Asunción, and Yangon demonstrate the success of the approach and the value of local expertise in identifying problems and solutions. The additional value of international partners' expertise created opportunities for growth through mentorship and technical support. Importantly, the power of healthcare programs with strong political support is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Eduardo Bravo
- Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Ingrid Rodriguez
- Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Alicia Pomata
- Programa Nacional de Control del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Ministerio de Salud y Bienestar Social de Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Khin Thida Aung
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | | | | | - Jane Brock
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Dan Milner
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, IL
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4
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Frech S, Morton Doherty R, Lesmes Duque MC, Ramirez O, Pomata A, Samudio A, Antwi OA, Htun YY, Mra R, Htoon PT, Osei-Bonsu EB, Dal Molin RK, Mebonia N, Mestres I, Soe AN, Bussmann-Kemdjo S, Navarro MF, Henshall S, Camacho R. C/Can City Engagement Process: An Implementation Framework for Strengthening Cancer Care in Cities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:901-916. [PMID: 34129359 PMCID: PMC8457859 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective implementation of locally adapted cancer care solutions in low- and middle-income countries continues to be a challenge in the face of fragmented and inadequately resourced health systems. Consequently, the translation of global cancer care targets to local action for patients has been severely constrained. City Cancer Challenge (C/Can) is leveraging the unique value of cities as enablers in a health systems response to cancer that prioritizes the needs of end users (patients, their caregivers and families, and health care providers). C/Can’s City Engagement Process is an implementation framework whereby local stakeholders lead a staged city-wide process over a 2- to 3-year period to assess, plan, and execute locally adapted cancer care solutions. Herein, the development and implementation of the City Engagement Process Framework (CEPF) is presented, specifying the activities, outputs, processes, and indicators across the process life cycle. Lessons learned on the application of the framework in the first so-called Key Learning cities are shared, focusing on the early outputs from Cali, Colombia, the first city to join C/Can in 2017. Creating lasting change requires the creation of a high-trust environment to engage the right stakeholders as well as adapting to local context, leveraging local expertise, and fostering a sustainability mindset from the outset. In the short term, these early learnings inform the refinement of the approach in new cities. Over time, the implementation of this framework is expected to validate the proof-of-concept and contribute to a global evidence base for effective complex interventions to improve cancer care in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oscar Ramirez
- Fundación Pohema and Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alicia Pomata
- Programa Nacional de Control de Cáncer, Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social de Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Angelica Samudio
- Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | - Yin Yin Htun
- Shwe Yaung Hnin Si Cancer Foundation, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Rai Mra
- Yangon Medical Association, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Pe Thet Htoon
- Shwe Yaung Hnin Si Cancer Foundation, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | | | - Nana Mebonia
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia and Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Gatellier L, Shankar A, Dewi LKM, Hussain QM, Dendup Wangdi T, Sukumaran DB, Sari NK, Tavakkoli Shiraji S, Biglari M, Tahmasebi M, Iwata S, Suzuki T, Myung SK, Chun JY, Han JS, Lau FN, Yusak S, Bayarsaikhan L, Mu KT, Pradhananga KK, Yusuf A, Lin CH, Chiang RCJ, Sangrajran S, Nguyen QT, Huong GN, Soe AN, Sharma DN, Sengar M, Pramesh CS, Matsuda T, Jarrahi AM, Hwang W. The Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Care in the Post Pandemic World: Five Major Lessons Learnt from Challenges and Countermeasures of Major Asian Cancer Centres. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:681-690. [PMID: 33773529 PMCID: PMC8286686 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.3.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected healthcare services around Asia. The Asian National Cancer Centres Alliance and the Asia-Pacific Organisation for Cancer Prevention collaborated to assess the mid- and long- term impact of COVID-19 to cancer care in Asia. Methods: The two entities organised a combined symposium and post-meeting interactions among representatives of major cancer centres from seventeen Asian countries to outlining major challenges and countermeasures. Results: Participating stakeholders distilled five big questions. 1) “Will there be an explosion of late-stage cancers after the pandemic?” To address and recover from perceived delayed prevention, screening, treatment and care challenges, collaboration of key stakeholders in the region and alignment in cancer care management, policy intervention and cancer registry initiatives would be of essential value. 2) “Operations and Finance” The pandemic has resulted in significant material and financial casualties. Flagged acute challenges (shortages of supplies, imposition of lockdown) as well as longer-standing reduction of financial revenue, manpower, international collaboration, and training should also be addressed. 3) “Will telemedicine and technological innovations revolutionize cancer care?” Deploying and implementing telemedicine such as teleconsultation and virtual tumour boards were considered invaluable. These innovations could become a new regular practice, leading to expansion of tele-collaboration through collaboration of institutions in the region. 4) “Will virtual conferences continue after the pandemic?” Virtual conferences during the pandemic have opened new doors for knowledge sharing, especially for representatives of low- and middle-income countries in the region, while saving time and costs of travel. 5) “How do we prepare for the next pandemic or international emergency?” Roadmaps for action to improve access to appropriate patient care and research were identified and scrutinised. Conclusion: Through addressing these five big questions, focused collaboration among members and with international organisations such as City Cancer Challenge will allow enhanced preparedness for future international emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Shankar
- Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals, Delhi, India
| | - Luh K Mela Dewi
- Dharmais Hospital - National Cancer Center, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | - Sahar Tavakkoli Shiraji
- Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science,Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Biglari
- Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science,Tehran, Iran
| | - Mamak Tahmasebi
- Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Seung-Kwon Myung
- National Cancer Center of Korea, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - June Young Chun
- National Cancer Center of Korea, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Han
- National Cancer Center of Korea, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Fen Nee Lau
- National Cancer Institute, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Khin Thin Mu
- Myanmar Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Aasim Yusuf
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ruru Chun-Ju Chiang
- Taiwan Cancer Registry, and Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | - D N Sharma
- Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital & National Cancer Institute, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Manju Sengar
- Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - C S Pramesh
- Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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6
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Jaeger JJ, Sein C, Gebo DL, Chaimanee Y, Nyein MT, Oo TZ, Aung MM, Suraprasit K, Rugbumrung M, Lazzari V, Soe AN, Chavasseau O. Amphipithecine primates are stem anthropoids: cranial and postcranial evidence. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202129. [PMID: 33171091 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in 1927, the phylogenetic status of the Myanmar amphipithecines has been highly debated. These fossil primates are recognized either as anthropoids or as adapiform strepsirrhines. This uncertainty was largely the consequence of a limited fossil record consisting mostly of jaw fragments but lacking the critical cranial elements that might resolve this debate. We report here cranial remains associated with an ulna from a single individual pertaining to the amphipithecine Ganlea megacanina. In addition to anthropoid-like dentognathic characters, Ganlea displays several ulna and skull features that testify to its anthropoid affinities (e.g. short subvertically oriented lacrimal duct, lacrimal foramen and bone inside the orbit, maxillary contribution to the lower orbital rim, fused metopic suture). By contrast to crown anthropoids, however, Ganlea lacks postorbital closure, confirming that postorbital closure appeared later than many anthropoid dentognathic characters and evolved convergently in extant tarsiers and anthropoids. Thus, amphipithecines must now be recognized as stem anthropoids offering a unique window on the early evolution of cranial and skeletal features in anthropoids, and reinforcing the hypothesis of an origin and early diversification of anthropoids in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-J Jaeger
- Laboratory PALEVOPRIM, UMR CNRS 7262, University of Poitiers, 6 Rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - C Sein
- Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Naypyitaw 15011, Myanmar
| | - D L Gebo
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Y Chaimanee
- Laboratory PALEVOPRIM, UMR CNRS 7262, University of Poitiers, 6 Rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - M T Nyein
- Department of Underwater Archaeology, Field School of Archaeology, Pyay Township, Bago Region, Myanmar
| | - T Z Oo
- Department of Geology, East Yangon University, Thanlyin Township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - M M Aung
- Department of Geology, East Yangon University, Thanlyin Township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - K Suraprasit
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - M Rugbumrung
- Department of Mineral Resources, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - V Lazzari
- Laboratory PALEVOPRIM, UMR CNRS 7262, University of Poitiers, 6 Rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - A N Soe
- University of Distance Education, Mandalay 05023, Myanmar
| | - O Chavasseau
- Laboratory PALEVOPRIM, UMR CNRS 7262, University of Poitiers, 6 Rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
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7
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Jaeger JJ, Chavasseau O, Lazzari V, Naing Soe A, Sein C, Le Maître A, Shwe H, Chaimanee Y. New Eocene primate from Myanmar shares dental characters with African Eocene crown anthropoids. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3531. [PMID: 31388005 PMCID: PMC6684601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries of older and phylogenetically more primitive basal anthropoids in China and Myanmar, the eosimiiforms, support the hypothesis that Asia was the place of origins of anthropoids, rather than Africa. Similar taxa of eosimiiforms have been discovered in the late middle Eocene of Myanmar and North Africa, reflecting a colonization event that occurred during the middle Eocene. However, these eosimiiforms were probably not the closest ancestors of the African crown anthropoids. Here we describe a new primate from the middle Eocene of Myanmar that documents a new clade of Asian anthropoids. It possesses several dental characters found only among the African crown anthropoids and their nearest relatives, indicating that several of these characters have appeared within Asian clades before being recorded in Africa. This reinforces the hypothesis that the African colonization of anthropoids was the result of several dispersal events, and that it involved more derived taxa than eosimiiforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Jaeger
- Laboratory PALEVOPRIM, UMR CNRS 7262, University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet Cedex 9, 86073, Poitiers, France.
| | - Olivier Chavasseau
- Laboratory PALEVOPRIM, UMR CNRS 7262, University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet Cedex 9, 86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Vincent Lazzari
- Laboratory PALEVOPRIM, UMR CNRS 7262, University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet Cedex 9, 86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Aung Naing Soe
- University of Distance Education, Mandalay, 05023, Myanmar
| | - Chit Sein
- Ministry of Education, Department of Higher Education, Naypyitaw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Anne Le Maître
- Laboratory PALEVOPRIM, UMR CNRS 7262, University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet Cedex 9, 86073, Poitiers, France.,Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hla Shwe
- Department of Archaeology and National Museum, Mandalay Branch, Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture, Mandalay, 05011, Myanmar
| | - Yaowalak Chaimanee
- Laboratory PALEVOPRIM, UMR CNRS 7262, University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet Cedex 9, 86073, Poitiers, France
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Takai M, Thaung-Htike, Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein, Soe AN, Maung M, Tsubamoto T, Egi N, Nishimura TD, Nishioka Y. First discovery of colobine fossils from the Late Miocene/Early Pliocene in central Myanmar. J Hum Evol 2015; 84:1-15. [PMID: 25978976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Here we report two kinds of colobine fossils discovered from the latest Miocene/Early Pliocene Irrawaddy sediments of the Chaingzauk area, central Myanmar. A left mandibular corpus fragment preserving M1-3 is named as a new genus and species, Myanmarcolobus yawensis. Isolated upper (M(1)?) and lower (M2) molars are tentatively identified as Colobinae gen. et sp. indet. Although both forms are medium-sized colobines, they are quite different from each other in M2 morphology. The isolated teeth of the latter show typical colobine-type features, so it is difficult to identify their taxonomic position, whereas lower molars of Myanmarcolobus have unique features, such as a trapezoid-shaped long median lingual notch, a deeply concave median buccal cleft, a strongly developed mesiobuccal notch, and rather obliquely running transverse lophids. Compared with fossil and living Eurasian colobine genera, Myanmarcolobus is most similar in lower molar morphology to the Pliocene Dolichopithecus of Europe rather than to any Asian forms. In Dolichopithecus, however, the tooth size is much larger and the median lingual notch is mesiodistally much shorter than that of Myanmarcolobus. The discovery of Myanmarcolobus in central Myanmar is the oldest fossil record in Southeast Asia not only of colobine but also of cercopithecid monkeys and raises many questions regarding the evolutionary history of Asian colobine monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanaru Takai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naoko Egi
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Takeshi D Nishimura
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishioka
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
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9
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Coster P, Beard KC, Soe AN, Sein C, Chaimanee Y, Lazzari V, Valentin X, Jaeger JJ. Uniquely derived upper molar morphology of Eocene Amphipithecidae (Primates: Anthropoidea): Homology and phylogeny. J Hum Evol 2013; 65:143-55. [PMID: 23823753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Jaeger JJ, Naing Soe A, Chavasseau O, Coster P, Emonet EG, Guy F, Lebrun R, Maung A, Aung Khyaw A, Shwe H, Thura Tun S, Linn Oo K, Rugbumrung M, Bocherens H, Benammi M, Chaivanich K, Tafforeau P, Chaimanee Y. First hominoid from the Late Miocene of the Irrawaddy Formation (Myanmar). PLoS One 2011; 6:e17065. [PMID: 21533131 PMCID: PMC3080362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, a Neogene fossil mammal fauna has been known in the Irrawaddy Formation in central Myanmar. Unfortunately, the lack of accurately located fossiliferous sites and the absence of hominoid fossils have impeded paleontological studies. Here we describe the first hominoid found in Myanmar together with a Hipparion (s.l.) associated mammal fauna from Irrawaddy Formation deposits dated between 10.4 and 8.8 Ma by biochronology and magnetostratigraphy. This hominoid documents a new species of Khoratpithecus, increasing thereby the Miocene diversity of southern Asian hominoids. The composition of the associated fauna as well as stable isotope data on Hipparion (s.l.) indicate that it inhabited an evergreen forest in a C3-plant environment. Our results enlighten that late Miocene hominoids were more regionally diversified than other large mammals, pointing towards regionally-bounded evolution of the representatives of this group in Southeast Asia. The Irrawaddy Formation, with its extensive outcrops and long temporal range, has a great potential for improving our knowledge of hominoid evolution in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Jaeger
- Institut International de Paléoprimatologie et de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR CNRS 6046, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Aung Naing Soe
- Department of Geology, Dagon University, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Olivier Chavasseau
- Institut International de Paléoprimatologie et de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR CNRS 6046, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Pauline Coster
- Institut International de Paléoprimatologie et de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR CNRS 6046, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Edouard-Georges Emonet
- Institut International de Paléoprimatologie et de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR CNRS 6046, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Franck Guy
- Institut International de Paléoprimatologie et de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR CNRS 6046, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Renaud Lebrun
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Aye Maung
- Department of Archaeology, National Museum and Library, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Aung Aung Khyaw
- Department of Archaeology, National Museum and Library, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Hla Shwe
- Department of Archaeology, National Museum and Library, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | | | - Kyaw Linn Oo
- Department of Geology, University of Yangon, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Mana Rugbumrung
- Paleontology Section, Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hervé Bocherens
- Universität Tübingen, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Biogeologie, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mouloud Benammi
- Institut International de Paléoprimatologie et de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR CNRS 6046, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Yaowalak Chaimanee
- Institut International de Paléoprimatologie et de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR CNRS 6046, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Paleontology Section, Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Dagosto M, Marivaux L, Gebo DL, Beard KC, Chaimanee Y, Jaeger JJ, Marandat B, Soe AN, Kyaw AA. The phylogenetic affinities of the Pondaung tali. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010; 143:223-34. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Marivaux L, Beard KC, Chaimanee Y, Dagosto M, Gebo DL, Guy F, Marandat B, Khaing K, Kyaw AA, Oo M, Sein C, Soe AN, Swe M, Jaeger JJ. Talar morphology, phylogenetic affinities, and locomotor adaptation of a large-bodied amphipithecid primate from the late middle eocene of Myanmar. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010; 143:208-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Beard KC, Marivaux L, Chaimanee Y, Jaeger JJ, Marandat B, Tafforeau P, Soe AN, Tun ST, Kyaw AA. A new primate from the Eocene Pondaung Formation of Myanmar and the monophyly of Burmese amphipithecids. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:3285-94. [PMID: 19570790 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Amphipithecidae is one of the two fossil primate taxa from Asia that appear to be early members of the anthropoid clade. Ganlea megacanina, gen. et sp. nov., is a new amphipithecid from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of central Myanmar. The holotype of Ganlea is distinctive in having a relatively enormous lower canine showing heavy apical wear, indicating an important functional role of the lower canine in food preparation and ingestion. A phylogenetic analysis of amphipithecid relationships suggests that Ganlea is the sister taxon of Myanmarpithecus, a relatively small-bodied taxon that has often, but not always, been included in Amphipithecidae. Pondaungia is the sister taxon of the Ganlea + Myanmarpithecus clade. All three Pondaung amphipithecid genera are monophyletic with respect to Siamopithecus, which is the most basal amphipithecid currently known. The inclusion of Myanmarpithecus in Amphipithecidae diminishes the likelihood that amphipithecids are specially related to adapiform primates. Extremely heavy apical wear has been documented on the lower canines of all three genera of Burmese amphipithecids. This distinctive wear pattern suggests that Burmese amphipithecids were an endemic radiation of hard object feeders that may have been ecological analogues of living New World pitheciin monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Christopher Beard
- Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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14
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Marivaux L, Beard KC, Chaimanee Y, Jaeger JJ, Marandat B, Soe AN, Tun ST, Kyaw AA. Proximal femoral anatomy of a sivaladapid primate from the late middle Eocene Pondaung formation (central Myanmar). Am J Phys Anthropol 2008; 137:263-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Beard KC, Marivaux L, Tun ST, Soe AN, Chaimanee Y, Htoon W, Marandat B, Aung HH, Jaeger JJ. New Sivaladapid Primates from the Eocene Pondaung Formation of Myanmar and the Anthropoid Status of Amphipithecidae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.2992/0145-9058(2007)39[67:nspfte]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Marivaux L, Beard KC, Chaimanee Y, Jaeger JJ, Marandat B, Soe AN, Tun ST, Aung HH, Htoon W. Anatomy of the bony pelvis of a relatively large-bodied strepsirrhine primate from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation (central Myanmar). J Hum Evol 2007; 54:391-404. [PMID: 17996275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent survey of the fossiliferous variegated mudstones of the PK1 locality (Sabapondaung) in the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation (central Myanmar) has led to the recovery of a partial right innominate of a relatively large-bodied primate. Given its size and provenance, this bone probably belongs to the same individual represented by the NMMP 20 primate partial skeleton described previously from the same locality. The new fossil, which preserves the region around the acetabulum and the adjacent part of the ilium, clearly exhibits strepsirrhine rather than anthropoid affinities. This addition to our knowledge of the NMMP 20 partial skeleton allows us to reassess the different locomotor interpretations that have been proposed for this specimen. Aspects of pelvic morphology suggest that the NMMP 20 partial skeleton documents a primate that probably engaged in active arboreal quadrupedalism similar to that practiced by medium-sized Malagasy lemurids rather than lorislike slow moving and climbing. Given the conflicting phylogenetic signals provided by NMMP 39 (a talus showing anthropoid affinities) and NMMP 20 (a partial skeleton bearing adapiform affinities), it appears that two higher-level taxonomic groups of relatively large-bodied primates are documented in the Pondaung Formation. The recent discovery of two taxa of sivaladapid adapiforms from the Pondaung Formation indicates that the assumption that the NMMP 20 partial skeleton belongs to an amphipithecid can no longer be sustained. Instead, this specimen apparently documents a third large-bodied sivaladapid species in the Pondaung Formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Marivaux
- Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (ISE-M, UMR - CNRS 5554), c.c. 64, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
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17
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Métais G, Soe AN, Marivaux L, Beard KC. Artiodactyls from the Pondaung Formation (Myanmar): new data and reevaluation of the South Asian Faunal Province during the Middle Eocene. Naturwissenschaften 2007; 94:759-68. [PMID: 17487464 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-007-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although Asia is thought to have played a critical role in the radiation of artiodactyls, the fossil record of stem selenodonts ("dichobunoids") remains dramatically poor in tropical Asian regions. In this study, we report a new dichobunid genus and species Cadutherium kyaukmagyii and a new basal ruminant genus and species Irrawadymeryx pondaungi, from the late Middle Eocene Pondaung Formation, Central Myanmar. Although the scarcity of the present material prevents any attempts to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Cadutherium with contemporaneous forms from other Holarctic landmasses, this new form shed new light on the diversity of these small rabbit-like ungulates during a key period of their evolutionary history. Reexamination of the small-bodied artiodactyls from Pondaung leads us to propose new identifications of certain published specimens and, in turn, to investigate the temporal and geographic distribution of taxa recognized in the Pondaung Formation. Although fragmentary, these potential new taxa reveal an unsuspected diversity of small forms among artiodactyls of Pondaung. This addition to the Eocene record of dichobunoids and early ruminants provides further insight in the diversity of dental patterns among small artiodactyls from the Pondaung Formation and attests to the antiquity of these groups in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Métais
- Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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18
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Beard KC, Jaeger JJ, Chaimanee Y, Rossie JB, Soe AN, Tun ST, Marivaux L, Marandat B. Taxonomic status of purported primate frontal bones from the Eocene Pondaung Formation of Myanmar. J Hum Evol 2006; 49:468-81. [PMID: 16054194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 05/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two isolated cranial fragments from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of central Myanmar have previously been interpreted as frontal bones of the amphipithecid primate Amphipithecus mogaungensis. Aside from a few maxillary fragments, these specimens provide the only potential source of information currently available regarding the cranial anatomy of Amphipithecidae. Were this taxonomic attribution correct, these specimens would indicate that amphipithecids retained numerous primitive skull features, including the absence of a postorbital septum, the retention of a voluminous olfactory chamber, and strong separation between the forebrain and the orbital fossa. However, several anatomical details observable on these specimens are incompatible with their attribution to any primate and strongly suggest that they cannot be ascribed to Mammalia. Particularly problematic in this regard are the extreme thickness of the dermal bone, the odd structure of the alleged "frontal trigon," and the mediolateral orientation and uniquely robust construction of the descending process of the frontal bone (which partially segregates the orbital and temporal fossae). Because these isolated elements can no longer be attributed to Amphipithecus, the anatomical, phylogenetic, and behavioral inferences regarding amphipithecid paleobiology that have been drawn from these specimens can no longer be sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Christopher Beard
- Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Marivaux L, Chaimanee Y, Ducrocq S, Marandat B, Sudre J, Soe AN, Tun ST, Htoon W, Jaeger JJ. The anthropoid status of a primate from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation (Central Myanmar): tarsal evidence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:13173-8. [PMID: 14595009 PMCID: PMC263736 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2332542100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primate dental and postcranial remains from the Eocene Pondaung Formation (Myanmar) have been the subject of considerable confusion since their initial discoveries, and their anthropoid status has been widely debated. We report here a well preserved primate talus discovered in the Segyauk locality near Mogaung that displays derived anatomical features typical of haplorhines, notably anthropoids, and lacks strepsirhine synapomorphies. Linear discriminant and parsimony analyses indicate that the talus from Myanmar is more similar structurally to those of living and extinct anthropoids than to those of adapiforms, and its overall osteological characteristics further point to arboreal quadrupedalism. Regressions of talar dimensions versus body mass in living primates indicate that this foot bone might have belonged to Amphipithecus. This evidence supports hypotheses favoring anthropoid affinities for the large-bodied primates from Pondaung and runs contrary to the hypothesis that Pondaungia and Amphipithecus are strepsirhine adapiforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Marivaux
- Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5554-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), C.C. 064, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France.
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Shigehara N, Takai M, Kay RF, Aung AK, Soe AN, Tun ST, Tsubamato T, Thein T. The upper dentition and face of Pondaungia cotteri from central Myanmar. J Hum Evol 2002; 43:143-66. [PMID: 12160713 DOI: 10.1006/jhev.2002.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A specimen of Pondaungia from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation in central Myanmar includes maxillary fragments and parts of the dentition, some hitherto undocumented, including the upper central incisor, canine, premolars and molars. Pondaungia has a large spatulate I1 closely resembling that of crown anthropoids. It possesses a stout projecting upper canine (like anthropoids) but differs from that tooth of crown anthropoids in lacking a strong mesial groove. There are three upper premolars of which P2 is distinctly smaller than P3 or P4. P3 has a buccolingually oriented mesial profile and an inflated distal profile resembling that of parapithecids and crown anthropoids. The distolingual molar cusp is a hypocone and is not homologus with the "pseudohypocone" of notharctines because the cusp is neither twinned with the protocone nor attached to a Nannopithex-fold. Pondaungia has a stout zygomatic root with a strongly demarcated muscle scar for the superficial masseter situated well above the occlusal plane. The inferior orbital margin is not preserved but the inflated suborbital region allows for the inference that the orbit was small. This specimen is not sufficiently well preserved to identify if there was postorbital closure. However, a specimen of the frontal bone of Amphipithecus shows that its orbital septum was absent or poorly developed. If, as commonly supposed, Pondaungia andAmphipithecus are sister taxa, postorbital closure was probably absent in Pondaungia. The large incisors, molars with poorly developed crests and thick enamel, together with the stoutly developed and strong dorsal component of the force vector of the superficial masseter muscle suggest that Pondaungia had a diet low in fiber, but that included hard food objects like nuts or seeds. The present material adds to the structural similarities between Pondaungia and anthropoids, but whether these similarities are due to shared descent or functional and adaptive convergence remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Shigehara
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan
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21
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Abstract
A new genus and species of medium-sized fossil primate, Myanmarpithecus yarshensis, is described from the lastest middle Eocene sediments of Pondaung, central Myanmar (Burma). The specimens consist of right maxillary fragments with P(4)-M(3)and a left mandibular corpus with C-P(3)and M(2-3). To date, three purported anthropoids have been discovered from the Pondaung Formation: Pondaungia and Amphipithecus (Amphipithecidae) and Bahinia (Eosimiidae). Myanmarpithecus differs from these other Pondaung primates in having cingular hypocones on upper molars and in lacking paraconids on M(2-3). Although Myanmarpithecus resembles some utahiin omomyines in superficial aspects of the morphology of M(2-3)(i.e., mesiodistally compressed molar trigonid and enamel crenulation), the morphological analysis of upper molars and lower premolars indicates that it is neither an omomyoid nor an adapoid but is more derived than fossil prosimians (such as adapoids, omomyoids, and tarsiers) and more anthropoid-like. On the other hand, it is more primitive (prosimian-like) than early anthropoids from the late Eocene/early Oligocene of the Fayum, Egypt. Myanmarpithecus is likely to be an early, primitive anthropoid ("protoanthropoid").
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, 484-8506, Japan.
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22
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Chaimanee Y, Thein T, Ducrocq S, Soe AN, Benammi M, Tun T, Lwin T, Wai S, Jaeger JJ. A lower jaw of Pondaungia cotteri from the Late Middle Eocene Pondaung Formation (Myanmar) confirms its anthropoid status. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:4102-5. [PMID: 10760279 PMCID: PMC18163 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.8.4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pondaungia cotteri is the largest primate known from the Late Middle Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar. Its taxonomic status has been the subject of much debate because of the fragmentary nature of its remains. Initially described as an anthropoid, some authors recently have associated it with adapid primates. These debates have been fueled not only by the incompleteness of the fossils attributed to Pondaungia but also by the reticence of many authors to regard Asia as an important evolutionary theater for Eocene anthropoids. During the November 1998 Myanmar-French Pondaung Expedition, a right lower jaw was discovered that yields the most nearly complete dentition of Pondaungia cotteri ever found: it shows the complete horizontal ramus, alveoli for the second incisor and canine, three premolars, and three molars. The symphysis showed all characteristics of anthropoids but was unfused. The canine root is large, the first premolar is absent, and the second premolar is single-rooted, reduced, and oblique in the tooth row, as in anthropoids. The premolars show a reduced mesio-distal length compared with the tooth row, and their morphology is very similar to that of Amphipithecus mogaungensis. Therefore, the two Pondaung taxa appear to be closely related to each other, with Siamopithecus as their sister taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chaimanee
- Department of Mineral Resources, Geological Survey Division, Paleontological Section, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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23
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Jaeger J, Thein T, Benammi M, Chaimanee Y, Soe AN, Lwin T, Tun T, Wai S, Ducrocq S. A new primate from the Middle Eocene of Myanmar and the Asian early origin of anthropoids. Science 1999; 286:528-30. [PMID: 10521348 DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5439.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A new genus and species of anthropoid primate, Bahinia pondaungensis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Yashe Kyitchaung locality in the Late Middle Eocene Pondaung Formation (Myanmar). It is related to Eosimias, but it is represented by more complete remains, including upper dentition with associated lower jaw fragment. It is interpreted as a new representative of the family Eosimiidae, which corresponds to the sister group of the Amphipithecidae and of all other anthropoids. Eosimiidae are now recorded from three distinct Middle Eocene localities in Asia, giving support to the hypothesis of an Asian origin of anthropoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jaeger
- Institut des Science de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier-II, case 064, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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