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Mirza S, Niwalkar A, Gupta A, Gautam S, Anshul A, Bherwani H, Biniwale R, Kumar R. Is safe distance enough to prevent COVID-19? Dispersion and tracking of aerosols in various artificial ventilation conditions using OpenFOAM. Gondwana Res 2023; 114:40-54. [PMID: 35431597 PMCID: PMC8990448 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has underlined the importance of learning more about aerosols and particles that migrate through the airways when a person sneezes, coughs and speaks. The coronavirus transmission is influenced by particle movement, which contributes to the emergence of regulations on social distance, use of masks and face shield, crowded assemblies, and daily social activity in domestic, public, and corporate areas. Understanding the transmission of aerosols under different micro-environmental conditions, closed, or ventilated, has become extremely important to regulate safe social distances. The present work attempts to simulate the airborne transmission of coronavirus-laden particles under different respiratory-related activities, i.e., coughing and speaking, using CFD modelling through OpenFOAM v8. The dispersion coupled with the Discrete Phase Method (DPM) has been simulated to develop a better understanding of virus carrier particles transmission processes and their path trailing under different ventilation scenarios. The preliminary results of this study with respect to flow fields were in close agreement with published literature, which was then extended under varied ventilation scenarios and respiratory-related activities. The study observed that improper wearing of mask leads to escape of SARS-CoV-2 containminated aerosols having a smaller aerodynamic diameter from the gap between face mask and face, infecting different surfaces in the vicinity. It was also observed that aerosol propagation infecting the area through coughing is a faster phenomenon compared to the propagation of coronavirus-laden particles during speaking. The study's findings will help decision-makers formulate common but differentiated guidelines for safe distancing under different micro-environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Mirza
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol Niwalkar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Gautam
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Avneesh Anshul
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Bherwani
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Biniwale
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
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Kumar A, Raj A, Gupta A, Gautam S, Kumar M, Bherwani H, Anshul A. Pollution free UV-C radiation to mitigate COVID-19 transmission. Gondwana Res 2023; 114:78-86. [PMID: 35936028 PMCID: PMC9345658 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The high rate of transmission of the COVID-19 virus has brought various types of disinfection techniques, for instance, hydrogen peroxide vaporization, microwave generating steam, UV radiation, and dry heating, etc. to prevent the further transmission of the virus. The chemical-based techniques are predominantly used for sanitization of hands, buildings, hospitals, etc. However, these chemicals may affect the health of humans and the environment in unexplored aspects. Furthermore, the UV lamp-based radiation sanitization technique had been applied but has not gained larger acceptability owing to its limitation to penetrate different materials. Therefore, the optical properties of materials are especially important for the utilization of UV light on such disinfection applications. The germicidal or microorganism inactivation application of UV-C has only been in-use in a closed chamber, due to its harmful effect on human skin and the eye. However, it is essential to optimize UV for its use in an open environment for a larger benefit to mitigate the virus spread. In view of this, far UV-C (222 nm) based technology has emerged as a potential option for the sanitization in open areas and degradation of microorganisms present in aerosol during the working conditions. Hence, in the present review article, efforts have been made to evaluate the technical aspects of UV (under the different spectrum and wavelength ranges) and the control of COVID 19 virus spread in the atmosphere including the possibilities of the human body sanitization in working condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Abhishek Raj
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-NEERI, Delhi Zonal Centre, Naraina Industrial Area, New Delhi 110028, India
| | - Sneha Gautam
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, ARSD College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Hemant Bherwani
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avneesh Anshul
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Niwalkar A, Indorkar T, Gupta A, Anshul A, Bherwani H, Biniwale R, Kumar R. Circular economy based approach for green energy transitions and climate change benefits. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bherwani H, Kumar S, Musugu K, Nair M, Gautam S, Gupta A, Ho CH, Anshul A, Kumar R. Assessment and valuation of health impacts of fine particulate matter during COVID-19 lockdown: a comprehensive study of tropical and sub tropical countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:44522-44537. [PMID: 33852112 PMCID: PMC8044290 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to challenge the whole world. The disease has claimed many fatalities as it has transcended from one country to another since it was first discovered in China in late 2019. To prevent further morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19, most of the countries initiated a countrywide lockdown. While physical distancing and lockdowns helped in curbing the spread of this novel coronavirus, it led to massive economic losses for the nations. Positive impacts have been observed due to lockdown in terms of improved air quality of the nations. In the current research, ten tropical and subtropical countries have been analysed from multiple angles, including air pollution, assessment and valuation of health impacts and economic loss of countries during COVID-19 lockdown. Countries include Brazil, India, Iran, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Validated Simplified Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (SARA) binning model is used on data collated from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) for particulate matters with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) for all the countries for the month of January to May 2019 and 2020. The concentration results of PM2.5 show that air pollution has drastically reduced in 2020 post lockdown for all countries. The highest average concentration obtained by converting aerosol optical depth (AOD) for 2020 is observed for Thailand as 121.9 μg/m3 and the lowest for Mexico as 36.27 μg/m3. As air pollution is found to decrease in the April and May months of 2020 for nearly all countries, they are compared with respective previous year values for the same duration to calculate the reduced health burden due to lockdown. The present study estimates that cumulative about 100.9 Billion US$ are saved due to reduced air pollution externalities, which are about 25% of the cumulative economic loss of 435.9 Billion US$.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Bherwani
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Suman Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Kavya Musugu
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Moorthy Nair
- Asian Development Research Institute (ADRI), Patna, Bihar 800013 India
| | - Sneha Gautam
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641114 India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Chang-Hoi Ho
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Avneesh Anshul
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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Gupta A, Bherwani H, Gautam S, Anjum S, Musugu K, Kumar N, Anshul A, Kumar R. Air pollution aggravating COVID-19 lethality? Exploration in Asian cities using statistical models. Environ Dev Sustain 2021; 23:6408-6417. [PMID: 32837279 PMCID: PMC7362608 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The present work estimates the increased risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by establishing the linkage between the mortality rate in the infected cases and the air pollution, specifically Particulate Matters (PM) with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 µm and ≤ 2.5 µm. Data related to nine Asian cities are analyzed using statistical approaches, including the analysis of variance and regression model. The present work suggests that there exists a positive correlation between the level of air pollution of a region and the lethality related to COVID-19, indicating air pollution to be an elemental and concealed factor in aggravating the global burden of deaths related to COVID-19. Past exposures to high level of PM2.5 over a long period, is found to significantly correlate with present COVID-19 mortality per unit reported cases (p < 0.05) compared to PM10, with non-significant correlation (p = 0.118). The finding of the study can help government agencies, health ministries and policymakers globally to take proactive steps by promoting immunity-boosting supplements and appropriate masks to reduce the risks associated with COVID-19 in highly polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Gupta
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Hemant Bherwani
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Sneha Gautam
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641114 India
| | - Saima Anjum
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Kavya Musugu
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Narendra Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Avneesh Anshul
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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Bherwani H, Anjum S, Kumar S, Gautam S, Gupta A, Kumbhare H, Anshul A, Kumar R. Understanding COVID-19 transmission through Bayesian probabilistic modeling and GIS-based Voronoi approach: a policy perspective. Environ Dev Sustain 2021; 23:5846-5864. [PMID: 32837277 PMCID: PMC7340861 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Originating from Wuhan, China, COVID-19 is spreading rapidly throughout the world. The transmission rate is reported to be high for this novel strain of coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as compared to its predecessors. Major strategies in terms of clinical trials of medicines and vaccines, social distancing, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and so on are being implemented in order to control the spread. The current study concentrates on lockdown and social distancing policy followed by the Indian Government and evaluates its effectiveness using Bayesian probability model (BPM). The change point analysis (CPA) done through the above approach suggests that the states which implemented the lockdown before the exponential rise of cases are able to control the spread of the disease in a much better and efficient way. The analysis has been done for states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi as union territory. The highest value of Δ (delta) is reported for Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh with a value of 9.6 weeks, while the lowest value is 4.7, evidently for Maharashtra which is the worst affected. All of the states indicate a significant correlation (p < 0.05, tstat > tcritical) for Δ, i.e., the difference in the time period of CPA and lockdown with cases per population (CPP) and cases per unit area (CPUA), while weak correlation (p < 0.1 and tstat < tcritical) is exhibited by delta and cases per unit population density (CPD). For both CPP and CPUA, tstat > tcritical indicating a significant correlation, while Pearson's correlation indicates the direction to be negative. Further analysis in terms of identification of high-risk areas has been studied from the Voronoi approach of GIS based on the inputs from BPM. All the states follow the above pattern of high population, high case scenario, and the boundaries of risk zones can be identified by Thiessen polygon (TP) constructed therein. The findings of the study help draw strategic and policy-driven response for India, toward tackling COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Bherwani
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Saima Anjum
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Suman Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Sneha Gautam
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Himanshu Kumbhare
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Avneesh Anshul
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
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Anshul A, Moinuddin AA, Azad AM, Khera P, Dehariya K, Bherwani H, Gupta A, Kumar S. Morphologically designed micro porous zeolite-geopolymers as cool coating materials. J Hazard Mater 2020; 398:123022. [PMID: 32506050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Functionally modified fly ash zeolite-geopolymeric material was developed as cooling coatings for structural application. The tailored precursor of cool coating materials was obtained through modified grain behavior of zeolite with variable pour morphology and mechanical activation of fly ash followed by geopolymerization with alkaline activator. The modified zeolite was found to possess unique heat management properties through disorderly connected pores. The solar temperature profile showed a temperature variance of 4-6 °C for solar radiation. The samples showed a high solar reflective index (SRI) due to absorbance and less heat retention followed by cooling behavior in the sunshine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneesh Anshul
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Afsha Anjum Moinuddin
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Amaanuddin M Azad
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Prashant Khera
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Kamlesh Dehariya
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Hemant Bherwani
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India.
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Prashanth Kumar C, Meenakshi A, Khapre AS, Kumar S, Anshul A, Singh L, Kim SH, Lee BD, Kumar R. Bio-Hythane production from organic fraction of municipal solid waste in single and two stage anaerobic digestion processes. Bioresour Technol 2019; 294:122220. [PMID: 31606597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to examine the Bio-Hythane production in a single and two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) systems from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) along with its quantification by gas chromatography (GC). The Bio-Hythane produced in a single-stage is a blend of 6% H2, 20% CH4 and 30% CO2 in the first run and 5% H2, 25% CH4 and 34% CO2 in the second run whereas 6% H2, 15% CH4 and 56% CO2 in the two-stage AD. Statistical analysis concluded that there is a significant difference between both the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakali Prashanth Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur (JNTUA), Ananthapuramu 515002, Andhra Pradesh, India; CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Meenakshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur (JNTUA), Ananthapuramu 515002, Andhra Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek S Khapre
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Avneesh Anshul
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Don Lee
- Institute of Chemical & Environmental Process, Jeonjin Entech Co., Ltd, Busan 46729, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
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Vyas R, Kumar P, Dwivedi J, Sharma S, Khan S, Divakar R, Anshul A, Sachdev K, Sharma SK, Gupta BK. Probing luminescent Fe-doped ZnO nanowires for high-performance oxygen gas sensing application. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08586h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful demonstration of Fe-doped ZnO nanowires using a facile vapour phase transport synthesis method for high-performance oxygen gas sensing application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Vyas
- Department of Physics
- School of Basic Sciences
- Jaipur National University
- Jaipur-302017, India
- Department of Physics
| | - Pawan Kumar
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR)
- New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR)
- New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sarla Sharma
- Department of Physics
- Jagan Nath Gupta Institute of Engineering and Technology
- Jaipur-302022, India
| | - Shabana Khan
- Mechanical Metallurgy Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085, India
| | - R. Divakar
- Physical Metallurgy Group (MMG)
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | - Avneesh Anshul
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR)
- New Delhi 110012, India
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Process Institute
- Bopal, India
| | - K. Sachdev
- Department of Physics
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology
- Jaipur-302017, India
| | - S. K. Sharma
- Department of Physics
- School of Basic Sciences
- Jaipur National University
- Jaipur-302017, India
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