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Malik A, Mor VS, Punia H, Duhan DS, Bhuker A, Tokas J, El-Sheikh MA, Shah T. Investigating Mineral Accumulation and Seed Vigor Potential in Bottle Gourd ( Lagenaria siceraria) through Crossbreeding Timing. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3998. [PMID: 38068633 PMCID: PMC10707742 DOI: 10.3390/plants12233998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a well-known cucurbit with an active functional ingredient. A two-year field experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Seed Science and Technology, CCS HAU, Hisar, in a randomized block design during the Kharif season (Kharif is one of the two major cropping seasons in India and other South Asian countries, heavily reliant on monsoon rains with the other being Rabi) and the summer season. Five different crossing periods (CP), viz. CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4, and CP5, were considered to illustrate the effects of agro-climatic conditions on the quality and biochemical components of two bottle gourd parental lines and one hybrid, HBGH-35. The average mean temperature for the Kharif season in 2017 was 31.7 °C, and for the summer season, it was 40.1 °C. Flowers were tagged weekly from the start of the crossing period until the end and harvested separately at different times. The fruits harvested from different crossing periods under different environmental conditions influenced the bottle gourd's qualitative and biochemical traits and showed significant variations among the five crossing period environments. A positive significance and correlation were observed between weather variables and different biochemical characteristics. Henceforth, the CP4 crossing period at a temperature of 31.7 °C retained high-quality seed development, which may be essential in enhancing agricultural productivity and the national economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
- Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Virender Singh Mor
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Himani Punia
- Department of Sciences, Chandigarh School of Business, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, India
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - D. S. Duhan
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Axay Bhuker
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tariq Shah
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Theodor-Leiserstr 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Bhuker A, Malik A, Punia H, McGill C, Sofkova-Bobcheva S, Mor VS, Singh N, Ahmad A, Mansoor S. Probing the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Moringa oleifera under Ideal Germination Conditions. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3010. [PMID: 37631221 PMCID: PMC10459117 DOI: 10.3390/plants12163010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a rich source of polyphenols whose contents and profile may vary according to environmental conditions, harvest season, and plant tissue. The present study aimed to characterize the profile of phenolic compounds in different tissues of M. oleifera grown under different temperatures (25, 30, and 35 °C), using HPLC/MS, as well as their constituent phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant activities. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylenebenzothiozoline-6-sulfonicacid (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The polyphenolic compounds were mainly found in the leaves at 30 °C. UPLC/QTOF-MS allowed for the identification of 34 polyphenolic components in seedlings, primarily consisting of glucosides, phenols, flavonoids, and methoxy flavones. At 30 °C, the specific activities of antioxidative enzymes were the highest in leaves, followed by seedlings and then seeds. The leaf and seed extracts also exhibited a greater accumulation of proline, glycine betaine, and antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, and carotenoids, as measured by the inhibition of ROS production. We found that changes in the expression levels of the validated candidate genes Cu/Zn-SOD, APX, GPP, and TPS lead to significant differences in the germination rate and biochemical changes. These findings demonstrate that M. oleifera plants have high concentrations of phytochemicals and antioxidants, making them an excellent choice for further research to determine their use as health-promoting dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axay Bhuker
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himani Punia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
- Department of Sciences, Chandigarh School of Business, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri 140307, Mohali, India
| | - Craig McGill
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Svetla Sofkova-Bobcheva
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Virender Singh Mor
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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Malik A, Mor VS, Punia H, Duhan DS, Tokas J, Bhuker A, Alyemeni MN, Shakoor A. Development and Optimization of Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics under Different Crossing Periods of Bottle Gourd. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1349-1372. [PMID: 36826033 PMCID: PMC9955185 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bottle gourd, a common vegetable in the human diet, has been valued for its medicinal and energetic properties. In this experiment, the time-resolved analysis of the changes in the proteins' electrophoretic patterning of the seed development at different crossing periods was studied in bottle gourd using label-free quantitative proteomics. Hybrid HBGH-35 had the highest observed protein levels at the 4th week of the crossing period (F4) compared to the parental lines, viz. G-2 (M) and Pusa Naveen (F). The crossing period is significantly correlated with grain filling and reserve accumulation. The observed protein expression profile after storage was related to seed maturation and grain filling in bottle gourds. A total of 2517 proteins were identified in differentially treated bottle gourd fruits, and 372 proteins were differentially expressed between different crossing periods. Proteins related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, anthocyanin biosynthesis, cell stress response, and fruit firmness were characterized and quantified. Some proteins were involved in the development, while others were engaged in desiccation and the early grain-filling stage. F4 was distinguished by an increase in the accumulation of low molecular weight proteins and enzymes such as amylase, a serine protease, and trypsin inhibitors. The seed vigor also followed similar patterns of differential expression of seed storage proteins. Our findings defined a new window during seed production, which showed that at F4, maximum photosynthetic assimilates accumulated, resulting in an enhanced source-sink relationship and improved seed production. Our study attempts to observe the protein expression profiling pattern under different crossing periods using label-free quantitative proteomics in bottle gourd. It will facilitate future detailed investigation of the protein associated with quality traits and the agronomic importance of bottle gourd through selective breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
| | - Virender Singh Mor
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
- Correspondence: (V.S.M.); (H.P.)
| | - Himani Punia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
- Correspondence: (V.S.M.); (H.P.)
| | - D. S. Duhan
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
| | - Axay Bhuker
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Tanwar H, Mor VS, Sharma S, Khan M, Bhuker A, Singh V, Yadav J, Sangwan S, Singh J, Yashveer S, Singh K. Optimization of 'on farm' hydropriming conditions in wheat: Soaking time and water volume have interactive effects on seed performance. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280962. [PMID: 36719877 PMCID: PMC9888722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed priming is a simple and cost effective method to obtain a better plant stand under diverse environmental conditions. The current study was designed to determine the optimal priming duration and water volume for wheat seed. For this experiment, three wheat genotypes with distinct genetic and adaptive backgrounds were chosen. Seeds of each genotype were hydroprimed for 7 durations, i.e. 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours, in three different water volumes, i.e. half, equal, and double volume with respect to seed weight and then surface dried for 1 hour. The control was unprimed (dry) seed. The germination characteristics and seedling vigour potential of hydroprimed seeds were evaluated in the lab by recording several parameters such as germination percentage and speed, seedling growth, and vigour indices at two different temperature levels. The results showed that optimal duration for hydropriming of wheat seed is 12 hours with an equal volume with respect to original seed weight, closely followed by 8 hours with double volume. Reduction in seed performance was observed at 16 and 20 hours priming particularly at double volume treatment. Effect of temperature on seed germination showed improvement in seedling vigour at 25°C when compared to 20°C, although effect on germination percentage was non-significant. Volume of water and priming duration showed significant interactive effects demonstrating that a higher volume can give equivalent results at a shorter duration and vice versa. Another experiment was also conducted to compare the on-farm priming (surface dried seed) with conventional priming (seed re-dried to original moisture) taking 3 potential durations i.e. 8, 12 and 16 hours. Results revealed that both priming methods were statistically at par in terms of germination percentage, while, surface drying resulted in better seedling vigour and speed of germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemender Tanwar
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Virender Singh Mor
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Sushma Sharma
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Mujahid Khan
- Agricultural Research Station (S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner), Fatehpur Shekhawati, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Axay Bhuker
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Jitender Yadav
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Sonali Sangwan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Jogender Singh
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Fatehabad, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Shikha Yashveer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sonepat, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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Punia H, Tokas J, Mor VS, Bhuker A, Malik A, Singh N, Satpal, Alsahli AA, Hefft DI. Deciphering Reserve Mobilization, Antioxidant Potential, and Expression Analysis of Starch Synthesis in Sorghum Seedlings under Salt Stress. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2463. [PMID: 34834826 PMCID: PMC8623787 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major constraints affecting plant growth and agricultural productivity worldwide. Sorghum is a valuable food source and a potential model for studying and better understanding the salt stress mechanics in the cereals and obtaining a more comprehensive knowledge of their cellular responses. Herein, we examined the effects of salinity on reserve mobilization, antioxidant potential, and expression analysis of starch synthesis genes. Our findings show that germination percentage is adversely affected by all salinity levels, more remarkably at 120 mM (36% reduction) and 140 mM NaCl (46% reduction) than in the control. Lipid peroxidation increased in salt-susceptible genotypes (PC-5: 2.88 and CSV 44F: 2.93 nmloe/g.FW), but not in tolerant genotypes. SSG 59-3 increased activities of α-amylase, and protease enzymes corroborated decreased starch and protein content, respectively. SSG 59-3 alleviated adverse effects of salinity by suppressing oxidative stress (H2O2) and stimulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, APX, CAT, POD, GR, and GPX), as well as protecting cell membrane integrity (MDA, electrolyte leakage). A significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) was also observed in SSG 59-3 with proline, ascorbic acid, and total carbohydrates. Among inorganic cations and anions, Na+, Cl-, and SO42- increased, whereas K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ decreased significantly. SSG 59-3 had a less pronounced effect of excess Na+ ions on the gene expression of starch synthesis. Salinity also influenced Na+ ion efflux and maintained a lower cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio via concomitant upregulation of SbNHX-1 and SbVPPase-I ion transporter genes. Thus, we have highlighted that salinity physiologically and biochemically affect sorghum seedling growth. Based on these findings, we highlighted that SSG 59-3 performed better by retaining higher plant water status, antioxidant potential, and upregulation of ion transporter genes and starch synthesis, thereby alleviating stress, which may be augmented as genetic resources to establish sorghum cultivars with improved quality in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Punia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
| | - Virender Singh Mor
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (V.S.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Axay Bhuker
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (V.S.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (V.S.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (V.S.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Satpal
- Forage Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Daniel Ingo Hefft
- Department of Food Sciences, University Centre Reaseheath, Reaseheath College, Nantwich CW5 6DF, UK;
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Singh N, Bhuker A, Jeevanadam J. Effects of metal nanoparticle-mediated treatment on seed quality parameters of different crops. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1067-1089. [PMID: 33660031 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasing population of the world requires novel techniques to feed everyone, which can replace or work along with traditional methods to increase production of agricultural crops. In recent times, nanotechnology is considered as a promising and emerging approach to be incorporated in agriculture to improve productivity of different crops by the administration of nanoparticles through seed treatment, foliar spray on plants, nano-fertilizers for balanced crop nutrition, nano-herbicides for effective weed control, nanoinsecticides for plant protection, early detection of plant diseases and nutrient deficiencies using diagnostics kits, and nano-pheromones for effective monitoring of pests. Further, distinct nanoparticles with unique physicochemical and biological properties are used in agriculture to increase the percentage of seed germination, which is the initial step to increase the crop yield. In the context of agricultural crops, nanoparticles have both positive effects on seed quality parameters, such as germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight and vigor indices, as well as negative impacts of causing toxicity toward the environment. Thus, the aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview on the effects of super-dispersive metal powders, such as zinc, silver, and titanium nanoparticles on the seed quality parameters of different crops. In addition, the drawback of conventional seed growth enhancers, impact of metal nanoparticles toward seeds, and mechanism of nanoparticles to increase seed germination were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Singh
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Axay Bhuker
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
| | - Jaison Jeevanadam
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
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