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Xu T, Wang Z, Wang Z, Guo M, Wang X, He X, Wang J, Rahman SU, Bourhia M, Alsahli AA, Zhang Y. Effects of nitrate- and ammonium- nitrogen on anatomical and physiological responses of Catalpa bungei under full and partial root-zone drought. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:217. [PMID: 38532319 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Catalpa bungei is a precious timber species distributed in North China where drought often occurs. To clarify adaptive responses of C. bungei to partial- and full- root-zone drought under the influence of nitrogen forms, a two-factor experiment was conducted in which well-watered (WW), partial root-zone drought in horizontal direction (H-PRD) and in vertical direction (V-PRD), and full root-zone drought (FRD) were combined with nitrate-nitrogen (NN) and ammonium-nitrogen (AN) treatments. C. bungei responded to FRD by sharply closing stomata, decreasing gas exchange rate and increasing leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi). Under FRD condition, the growth of seedlings was severely inhibited and the effect of N forms was covered up by the drastic drought effect. In comparison, stomata conductance and gas exchanges were moderately inhibited by PRDs. WUEi in V-PRD treatment was superior to H-PRD due to the active stomata regulation resulting from a higher ABA level and active transcription of genes in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway under V-PRD. Under both PRDs and FRD, nitrate benefited antioxidant defense, stomata regulation and leaf WUEi. Under V-PRD, WUEi in nitrate treatment was superior to that in ammonium treatment due to active stomata regulation by signaling network of nitric oxide (NO), Ca2+ and ABA. Under FRD, WUEi was higher in nitrate treatment due to the favoring photosynthetic efficiency resulting from active NO signal and antioxidant defense. The interactive effect of water and N forms was significant on wood xylem development. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) largely contributes to stress tolerance and xylem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ziye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengfan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuelian He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Siddiq Ur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 27200, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization , Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, 80000, Morocco.
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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El Kamari F, Zouirech O, Metouekel A, Bouslamti M, Maliki I, El Moussaoui A, Chebaibi M, Taibi M, Alsahli AA, Nafidi HA, Bourhia M, Dauelbait M, Abdellaoui A. Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Hemolytic Properties of Euphorbia calyptrata (l.) Essential oils: in Vitro and in Silico Analysis. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202300243. [PMID: 38528316 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we sought to validate the use of Euphorbia calyptrata (L.), a Saharan and Mediterranean medicinal plant, in traditional pharmacopeia. GC-MS/MS identified volatile compounds of potential therapeutic interest. Antioxidant tests were performed using β-carotene decolorization, DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP, beta-carotene bleaching, and TAC. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on solid and liquid media for bacterial and fungal strains to determine the zone of inhibition and the minimum growth concentration (MIC) of the microbes tested. The hemolytic activity of these essential oils was assessed on red blood cells isolated from rat blood. Phytochemical characterization of the terpenic compounds by GC-MS/MS revealed 31 compounds, with alpha-Pinene dominating (35.96 %). The antioxidant power of the essential oils tested revealed an IC50 of 67.28 μg/mL (DPPH), EC50 of 80.25.08±1.42 μg/mL (FRAP), 94.83±2.11 μg/mL (beta carotene) and 985.07±0.70 μg/mL (TAC). Evaluating solid media's antibacterial and antifungal properties revealed a zone of inhibition between 10.28 mm and 25.80 mm and 31.48 and 34.21 mm, respectively. On liquid media, the MIC ranged from 10.27 μg/mL to 24.91 μg/mL for bacterial strains and from 9.32 μg/mL to 19.08 μg/mL for fungal strains. In molecular docking analysis, the compounds naphthalene, shogunal, and manol oxide showed the greatest activity against NADPH oxidase, with Glide G scores of -5.294, -5.218 and -5.161 kcal/mol, respectively. For antibacterial activity against E. coli beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase, the most potent molecules were cis-Calamenene, alpha.-Muurolene and Terpineol, with Glide G-scores of -6.804, -6.424 and -6.313 kcal/mol, respectively. Hemolytic activity revealed a final inhibition of 9.42±0.33 % for a 100 μg/mL concentration. The essential oils tested have good antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hemolytic properties thanks to their rich phytochemical composition, and molecular docking analysis confirmed their biological potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El Kamari
- Laboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, B. P. 1796, Fes-Atlas, Morocco
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Otmane Zouirech
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Amira Metouekel
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fez, Fez, 30000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouslamti
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Imane Maliki
- Laboratory of Health and Environment, Department of Biology, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, 50050, Morocco
| | - Abdelfattah El Moussaoui
- Plant Biotechnology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, 93002, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Chebaibi
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, 30070, Morocco
- Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Taibi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, 2325, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, 80060, Morocco
| | - Musaab Dauelbait
- Department of Scientific Translation, Faculty of Translation, University of Bahri, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
| | - Abdelfattah Abdellaoui
- Laboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, B. P. 1796, Fes-Atlas, Morocco
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Qin C, Lian H, Zhang B, He Z, Alsahli AA, Ahanger MA. Synergistic influence of selenium and silicon supplementation prevents the oxidative effects of arsenic stress in wheat. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133304. [PMID: 38159516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Influence of supplementation of selenium (Se, 1 and 5 µM) and silicon (Si, 0.1 and 0.5 mM) was investigated in wheat under arsenic (30 µM As) stress. Plants grown under As stress exhibited a significant decline in growth parameters however, Se and Si supplementation mitigated the decline significantly. Treatment of Se and Si alleviated the reduction in the intermediate components of chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway and the content of photosynthetic pigments. Arsenic stressed plants exhibited increased reactive oxygen species accumulation and the NADPH oxidase activity which were lowered significantly due to Se and Si treatments. Moreover, Se and Si supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation and activity of lipoxygenase and protease under As stress. Supplementation of Se and Si significantly improved the antioxidant activities and the content of cysteine, tocopherol, reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid. Treatment of Se and Si alleviated the reduction in nitrate reductase activity. Exogenously applied Se and Si mitigated the reduction in mineral elements and reduced As accumulation. Hence, supplementation of Se and Si is beneficial in preventing the alterations in growth and metabolism of wheat under As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Huida Lian
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhan He
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abass Ahanger
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
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Hosen ME, Rahman MA, Rahman MS, Akash S, Khalekuzzaman M, Alsahli AA, Bourhia M, Nafidi HA, Islam MA, Zaman R. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Camellia sinensis Leaf Extract: Promising Particles for the Treatment of Cancer and Diabetes. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301661. [PMID: 38359057 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Both diabetes and cancer pose significant threats to public health. To overcome these challenges, nanobiotechnology offers innovative solutions for the treatment of these diseases. However, the synthesis of nanoparticles can be complex, costly and environmentally toxic. Therefore, in this study, we successfully synthesized Camellia sinensis silver nanoparticles (CS-AgNPs) biologically from methanolic leaf extract of C. sinensis and as confirmed by the visual appearance which exhibited strong absorption at 456 nm in UV-visible spectroscopy. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that phytochemicals of C. sinensis were coated with AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the spherical shape of CS-AgNPs, with a size of 15.954 nm, while X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD) analysis detected a size of 20.32 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the thermal stability of CS-AgNPs. The synthesized CS-AgNPs significantly inhibited the ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell growth with 53.42±1.101 %. The EAC cell line induced mice exhibited increased level of the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), however this elevated serum parameter significantly reduced and controlled by the treatment with CS-AgNPs. Moreover, in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model, CS-AgNPs greatly reduced blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and creatinine levels. These findings highlight that the synthesized CS-AgNPs have significant anticancer and antidiabetic activities that could be used as promising particles for the treatment of these major diseases. However, pre-clinical and clinical trial should be addressed before use this particles as therapeutics agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Eram Hosen
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sojiur Rahman
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1216, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khalekuzzaman
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, 80060, Morocco
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, 2325, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Md Asadul Islam
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rashed Zaman
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
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Shah T, Khan H, Ali A, Khan Z, Alsahli AA, Dewil R, Ahmad P. Silicon and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate chromium toxicity in Brassica rapa by regulating Cr uptake, antioxidant defense expression, the glyoxalase system, and secondary metabolites. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108286. [PMID: 38169223 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The potential contribution of silicon (Si) (300 mg kg-1 potash silica) or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Rhizophagus irregularis) to reduce chromium toxicity (Cr; 0 and 300 mg kg-1) in Brassica rapa was examined in this work. Under Cr stress, Si and AMF were used separately and in combination (no Si, or AMF, Si, AMF, and Si + AMF). Brassica rapa growth, colonization, photosynthesis, and physio-biochemical characteristics decreased under Cr stress. Oxidative stress was a side effect of Cr stress and was associated with high levels of methylglyoxal (MG), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and maximum lipoxygenase activity (LOX). On the other hand, quantitative real-time PCR analyses of gene expression showed that under Cr stress, the expression of genes for secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzymes was higher than that under the control. The co-application of Si and AMF activated the plant defense system by improving the antioxidative enzymes activities, the potassium citrate and glutathione pool, the glyoxalase system, metabolites, and genes encoding these enzymes under Cr stress. Under the influence of Cr stress, oxidative stress was reduced by the coordinated control of the antioxidant and glyoxalase systems. However, the restricted Cr uptake and root and shoot accumulation of Si and AMF co-applied to only Cr-stressed plants was more significant. In summary, Si and AMF applied together successfully counteract the deleterious effects of Cr stress and restore growth and physio-biochemical characteristics. As a result, the beneficial effects of the combined Si and AMF application may be attributed to mycorrhizae-mediated enhanced Si absorption and metal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Hamad Khan
- Institute of Cotton Research by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan-455000, PR China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raf Dewil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Engineering Science, Univeristy of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama-192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Khan Z, Shah T, Asad M, Amjad K, Alsahli AA, Ahmad P. Alleviation of microplastic toxicity in soybean by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Regulating glyoxalase system and root nodule organic acid. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119377. [PMID: 37897896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic accumulation in the soil-plant system can stress plants and affect products quality. Currently, studies on the effect of microplastics on plants are not consistent and underlying molecular mechanisms are yet unknown. Here for the first time, we performed a study to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the growth of soybean plants in soil contaminated with various types of microplastics (PS and HDPE) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (presence/absence). Our results revealed that a dose-dependent decline was observed in plant growth, chlorophyll content, and yield of soybean under MPs stress. The addition of MPs resulted in oxidative stress closely related to hydrogen peroxide generation (H2O2), methylglyoxal (MG) levels, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and lipoxygenase (LOX). In contrast, MPs addition enhanced mycorrhizal colonization and dependency relative to control while the rubisco and root activity declined. All the genes (GmHMA13 and GmHMA19) were downregulated in the presence of MPs except GmHMA18 in roots. AMF inoculation alleviated MPs-induced phytotoxic effects on colonization, rubisco activity, root activity and restored the growth of soybean. Under MPs exposure, AMF inoculation induced plant defense system via improved regulation of antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate, glutathione pool, and glyoxalase system. AMF upregulated the genes responsible for metals uptake in soybean under MPs stress. The antioxidant and glyoxalase systems coordinated regulation expressively inhibited the oxidative and carbonyl stress at both MPs types. Hence, AMF inoculation may be considered an effective approach for minimizing MPs toxicity and its adverse effects on growth of soybean grown on MPs-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, (NUST) Campus, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Shah
- Plant Science Research Unit United States Department for Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, (NUST) Campus, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Amjad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, (NUST) Campus, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Jan S, Singh B, Bhardwaj R, Singh R, Alsahli AA, Kaushik P, Ahmad P. The pesticide thiamethoxam induced toxicity in Brassica juncea and its detoxification by Pseudomonas putida through biochemical and molecular modifications. Chemosphere 2023; 342:140111. [PMID: 37696475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are extensively exploited by humans to destroy the pests one such compound thiamethoxam is widely used over crops to offer control over wide-array of sucking insect pests. The present study unravels the detoxification potential of Pseudomonas putida in thiamethoxam exposed B. juncea seedlings. The thiamethoxam application curtailed the fresh weight, dry weight and seedling length by 106.22%, 80.29% and 116.78% while P. putida revived these growth parameters in thiamethoxam exposed B. juncea seedlings by 59.65%, 72.99% and 164.56% respectively. The exogenous supplementation of P. putida resuscitated the photosynthetic efficiency of B. juncea seedlings exposed to thiamethoxam as total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were enhanced by 169.42%, 62.90%, 72.89%, 78.53%, 47.36% and 515.15% respectively in contrast to TMX exposed seedlings. Further, P. putida pre-treatment reinvigorated the osmoprotectant content in B. juncea seedlings grown in thiamethoxam as trehalose, glycine betaine and proline contents were thrusted by 21.20%, 58.98% and 34.26% respectively. The thiamethoxam exposure exorbitated the superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and MDA levels by 223.03%, 130.18% and 74.63% while P. putida supplementation slackened these oxidative burst levels by 41.75%, 3.79% and 29.09% respectively in thiamethoxam treated seedlings. Notably, P. putida inoculation in thiamethoxam exposed seedlings upregulated the enzymatic antioxidant and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities as SOD, CAT and glutathione were enhanced by 163.76%, 99.29% and 114.91% respectively in contrast to thiamethoxam treated seedlings. The gene expression analysis exhibited the negative impact of thiamethoxam on B. juncea seedlings as conferred by upregulation of chlorophyllase by 443.86 folds whereas P. putida application in thiamethoxam exposed seedlings downregulated the chlorophyllase expression by 248.73 folds and upregulated CXE, GST, NADH and POD genes by 0.44, 4.07, 1.43 and 0.98 folds respectively suggesting the molecular-level thiamethoxam detoxification efficiency of P. putida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jan
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Bhupender Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Rattandeep Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, 192301, India.
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Yasmin H, Shah ZA, Mumtaz S, Ilyas N, Rashid U, Alsahli AA, Chung YS. Alleviation of banded leaf and sheath blight disease incidence in maize by bacterial volatile organic compounds and molecular docking of targeted inhibitors in Rhizoctonia solani. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1218615. [PMID: 37868311 PMCID: PMC10588623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1218615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani (RS) is a pathogenic fungus that affects maize (Zea mays L.) plants and causes banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) with severe consequences leading to significant economic losses. Contrarily, rhizobacteria produce numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that help in devising the environment-friendly mechanism for promoting plant growth and stress alleviation without having physical contact with plants. In the present study, 15 rhizobacterial strains were tested for their antagonism against RS. The antagonistic potential of VOCs of the tested plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains ranged from 50% to 80% as compared to the control (without PGPR). Among these 15 strains, the maximum (80%) antagonistic activity was exhibited by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes SRM-16. Thus, the potential of VOCs produced by P. pseudoalcaligenes SRM-16 to alleviate the BLSB disease in maize was evaluated. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to observe the effect of VOCs on disease resistance of BLSB-infected seedlings. Overall, maize seedlings exposed to VOCs showed a significant increase in disease resistance as indicated by a reduced disease score than that of unexposed infected plants. The VOCs-exposed maize exhibited lower (11.6%) disease incidence compared to the non-inoculated maize (14.1%). Moreover, plants exposed to VOCs displayed visible improvements in biomass, photosynthetic pigments, osmoregulation, and plant antioxidant and defense enzyme activities compared to the healthy but unexposed seedlings. Simultaneous application of RS and VOCs enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities by 96.7%, 266.6%, 313.7%, 246.6%, 307%, and 149.7%, respectively, in the roots and by 81.6%, 246.4%, 269.5%, 269.6%, 329%, and 137.6%, respectively, in the shoots, relative to those of the control plants. The binding affinity of the VOCs (2-pentylfuran, 2,3-butanediol, and dimethyl disulfide) with CRZ1 and S9 protein receptors of RS was assessed by deploying in silico methods. Overall, 2-pentylfuran exhibited a binding affinity with both the selected receptors of RS, while 2,3-butanediol and dimethyl disulfide were able to bind S9 protein only. Hence, it can be deduced that S9 protein receptors are more likely the target RS receptors of bacterial VOCs to inhibit the proliferation of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Abbas Shah
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Mumtaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Urooj Rashid
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Shah T, Khan Z, Asad M, Imran A, Khan Niazi MB, Alsahli AA. Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in wheat by strigolactone: Regulating cadmium uptake, nitric oxide signaling, and genes encoding antioxidant defense system. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 202:107916. [PMID: 37595403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) in the food system poses a serious threat to human health. The evidence on strigolactones-mediated alleviation of abiotic stress signaling and eliciting physiological modifications in plants is scarce. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to explore the role of exogenous applied strigolactone (SL) in alleviating the toxic effects of Cd and to unravel its physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms in wheat. Excessive accumulation of Cd drastically reduces growth attributes (-15%), nitric oxide signaling, and photosynthetic pigments by increasing oxidative stress biomarkers. Foliar applied SL (4 μM) decreased the Cd-induced growth inhibition (+10%), lessened plant Cd contents (-38% and -36%), shielded chlorophyll pigments (+25%), and considerably decreased Cd-induced oxidative stress in wheat. Moreover, SL applied on wheat foliage remarkably enhanced shoot and root nitric oxide content (+122% and +156%) and nitric oxide synthase activity (104% and 92%) in wheat, efficiently mitigating the Cd-induced suppression of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, elevating the expression of genes encoding antioxidant defense system. The results of the current research exhibit that SL (GR24) could be a potential candidate for detoxification of Cd by reducing Cd contents, elevating the expression of genes encoding antioxidant defense system, and protecting wheat plants from oxidative stress by indirectly reducing oxidative stress biomarkers andsubsequently contributing to decreasing the possible risk of Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Shah
- Plant Science Research Unit United States Department for Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Zeeshan Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Imran
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Raja V, Qadir SU, Kumar N, Alsahli AA, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Melatonin and strigolactone mitigate chromium toxicity through modulation of ascorbate-glutathione pathway and gene expression in tomato. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107872. [PMID: 37478726 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is considered one of the most hazardous metal contaminant reducing crop production and putting human health at risk. Phytohormones are known to regulate chromium stress, however, the function of melatonin and strigolactones in Chromium stress tolerance in tomato is rarely investigated. Here we investigated the potential role of melatonin (ML) and strigolactone (SL) on mitigating Chromium toxicity in tomato. With exposure to 300 μM Cr stress a remarkable decline in growth (63.01%), biomass yield (50.25)%, Pigment content (24.32%), photosynthesis, gas exchange and Physico-biochemical attributes of tomato was observed. Cr treatment also resulted in oxidative stress closely associated with higher H2O2 generation (215.66%), Lipid peroxidation (50.29%), electrolyte leakage (440.01%) and accumulation of osmolytes like proline and glycine betine. Moreover, Cr toxicity up-regulated the transcriptional expression profiles of antioxidant, stress related and metal transporter genes and down-regulated the genes related to photosynthesis. The application of ML and SL alleviated the Cr induced phytotoxic effects on photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters and restored growth of tomato plants. ML and SL supplementation induced plant defense system via enhanced regulation of antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate and glutathione pool and transcriptional regulation of several genes. The coordinated regulation of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems expressively suppressed the oxidative stress. Hence, ML and SL application might be considered as an effective approach for minimizing Cr uptake and its detrimental effects in tomato plants grown in contaminated soils. The study may also provide new insights into the role of transcriptional regulation in the protection against heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaseem Raja
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Sami Ullah Qadir
- Department of Environmental Sciences Govt. Degree College for Women, Udhampur, 182101, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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11
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Lal P, Tiwari RK, Kumar A, Altaf MA, Alsahli AA, Lal MK, Kumar R. Bibliometric analysis of real-time PCR-based pathogen detection in plant protection research: a comprehensive study. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1129714. [PMID: 37346140 PMCID: PMC10280008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1129714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The discovery of RT-PCR-based pathogen detection and gene expression analysis has had a transformative impact on the field of plant protection. This study aims to analyze the global research conducted between 2001 and 2021, focusing on the utilization of RT-PCR techniques for diagnostic assays and gene expression level studies. By retrieving data from the 'Dimensions' database and employing bibliometric visualization software, this analysis provides insights into the major publishing journals, institutions involved, leading journals, influential authors, most cited articles, and common keywords. Methods The 'Dimensions' database was utilized to retrieve relevant literature on RT-PCR-based pathogen detection. Fourteen distinct search queries were employed, and the resulting dataset was analyzed for trends in scholarly publications over time. The bibliometric visualization software facilitated the identification of major publishing journals, institutions, leading journals, influential authors, most cited articles, and common keywords. The study's search query was based on the conjunction 'AND', ensuring a comprehensive analysis of the literature. Results The analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of scholarly publications on RT-PCR-based pathogen detection over the years, indicating a growing interest and investment in research within the field. This finding emphasizes the importance of ongoing investigation and development, highlighting the potential for further advancements in knowledge and understanding. In terms of publishing journals, Plos One emerged as the leading journal, closely followed by BMC Genomics and Phytopathology. Among the highly cited journals were the European Journal of Plant Pathology, BMC Genomics, and Fungal Genetics and Biology. The publications with the highest number of citations and publications were associated with the United Nations and China. Furthermore, a network visualization map of co-authorship analysis provided intriguing insights into the collaborative nature of the research. Out of 2,636 authors analyzed, 50 surpassed the level threshold, suggesting active collaboration among researchers in the field. Discussion Overall, this bibliometric analysis demonstrates that the research on RT-PCR-based pathogen detection is thriving. However, there is a need for further strengthening using modern diagnostic tools and promoting collaboration among well-equipped laboratories. The findings underscore the significance of RT-PCR-based pathogen detection in plant protection and highlight the potential for continued advancements in this field. Continued research and collaboration are vital for enhancing knowledge, developing innovative diagnostic tools, and effectively protecting plants from pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Lal
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | | | - Awadhesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Shah T, Asad M, Khan Z, Amjad K, Alsahli AA, D'amato R. Strigolactone decreases cadmium concentrations by regulating cadmium localization and glyoxalase defense system: Effects on nodules organic acids and soybean yield. Chemosphere 2023; 335:139028. [PMID: 37268233 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To decrease environmental and human health risks associated with crop and soil contamination, alternative solutions are still needed. The information on strigolactones (SLs)-mediated elicitation of abiotic stress signaling and triggering physiological alterations is scarce in the plant. To unravel the same, soybean plants were subjected to cadmium (Cd) stress (20 mg kg-1), presence or absence of foliar applied SL (GR24) at the concentration of 10 μM. Excess Cd accumulation causes reduced growth (-52% shoot and +24% root), yield (-35%), physio-biochemical markers, organic acid production, and genes encoding heavy metal resilience in soybean. SL exogenous application decreased the growth and yield suppression (-12%), shielded chlorophyll (+3%), and prominently declined Cd-induced oxidative stress biomarkers accumulation in soybean. Moreover, SL effectively alleviates Cd-induced suppression in organic acids, superoxide dismutase (+73%), catalase activities (+117%), and increments ascorbate glutathione (ASA-GSH) cycle activities comprising ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase. SL-mediated upregulation of genes encoding heavy metals tolerance and glyoxalase defense system in Cd stressed plants. The results of this work point out that SL could be a promising player in mitigating Cd-induced injuries effectively in soybean. It acts through the antioxidant system modulation for redox homeostasis, shielding chloroplasts, enhancing photosynthetic apparatus, and elevating organic acid production in soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan; Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department for Agriculture, NC, USA.
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Amjad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto D'amato
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Sarath NG, Manzil SA, Ali S, Alsahli AA, Puthur JT. Physio-anatomical modifications and elemental allocation pattern in Acanthus ilicifolius L. subjected to zinc stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263753. [PMID: 35580091 PMCID: PMC9113579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physio-anatomical modifications and elemental distribution pattern in Acanthus ilicifolius subjected to Zn stress were analysed in this study. Survival of A. ilicifolius plants under a high concentration of ZnSO4 was compensated by the reduction in the photosynthetic efficacy. Micro and macro-elemental distribution pattern in the root tissues was significantly influenced by heavy metal exposure. Tolerance towards the excess toxic metal ions in the tissue of A. ilicifolius was aided by the modified anatomical features. Moreover, the increased deposition of Zn around the central vasculature of the root confirms the complexation of Zn2+ in the xylem vessels. Metal induced molecular level changes of root and leaf samples indicate the presence of OH, NH2, and CH3 deformation as well as C-O-H and C-O-C stretch. A prominent band corresponding to CH3 deformation, pointing hemicellulose fortification, occurs in the cell walls of the xylem, aiding in Zn localization. The phytostabilisation potential of A. ilicifolius is dependent on the coordinated responses which endow with phenotypic plasticity necessary to cope with Zn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair G. Sarath
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Kerala, India
| | - Shackira A. Manzil
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Taliparamba, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | | | - Jos T. Puthur
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Kerala, India
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Punia H, Tokas J, Mor VS, Bhuker A, Malik A, Singh N, Satpal, Alsahli AA, Hefft DI. Deciphering Reserve Mobilization, Antioxidant Potential, and Expression Analysis of Starch Synthesis in Sorghum Seedlings under Salt Stress. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2463. [PMID: 34834826 PMCID: PMC8623787 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major constraints affecting plant growth and agricultural productivity worldwide. Sorghum is a valuable food source and a potential model for studying and better understanding the salt stress mechanics in the cereals and obtaining a more comprehensive knowledge of their cellular responses. Herein, we examined the effects of salinity on reserve mobilization, antioxidant potential, and expression analysis of starch synthesis genes. Our findings show that germination percentage is adversely affected by all salinity levels, more remarkably at 120 mM (36% reduction) and 140 mM NaCl (46% reduction) than in the control. Lipid peroxidation increased in salt-susceptible genotypes (PC-5: 2.88 and CSV 44F: 2.93 nmloe/g.FW), but not in tolerant genotypes. SSG 59-3 increased activities of α-amylase, and protease enzymes corroborated decreased starch and protein content, respectively. SSG 59-3 alleviated adverse effects of salinity by suppressing oxidative stress (H2O2) and stimulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, APX, CAT, POD, GR, and GPX), as well as protecting cell membrane integrity (MDA, electrolyte leakage). A significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) was also observed in SSG 59-3 with proline, ascorbic acid, and total carbohydrates. Among inorganic cations and anions, Na+, Cl-, and SO42- increased, whereas K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ decreased significantly. SSG 59-3 had a less pronounced effect of excess Na+ ions on the gene expression of starch synthesis. Salinity also influenced Na+ ion efflux and maintained a lower cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio via concomitant upregulation of SbNHX-1 and SbVPPase-I ion transporter genes. Thus, we have highlighted that salinity physiologically and biochemically affect sorghum seedling growth. Based on these findings, we highlighted that SSG 59-3 performed better by retaining higher plant water status, antioxidant potential, and upregulation of ion transporter genes and starch synthesis, thereby alleviating stress, which may be augmented as genetic resources to establish sorghum cultivars with improved quality in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Punia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
| | - Virender Singh Mor
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (V.S.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Axay Bhuker
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (V.S.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (V.S.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (V.S.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Satpal
- Forage Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Daniel Ingo Hefft
- Department of Food Sciences, University Centre Reaseheath, Reaseheath College, Nantwich CW5 6DF, UK;
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15
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Ur Rahman S, Xuebin Q, Kamran M, Yasin G, Cheng H, Rehim A, Riaz L, Rizwan M, Ali S, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN. Silicon elevated cadmium tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by endorsing nutrients uptake and antioxidative defense mechanisms in the leaves. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 166:148-159. [PMID: 34111740 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous abiotic stressors including heavy metal stresses, specifically cadmium (Cd) stress in agricultural bio-system hinder the plant adequate growth. The present study was aimed to reveal the protective role of silicon (Si) application with two levels and to recognize the optimum level of Si for wheat plants grown hydroponically under three different levels of Cd toxicities. In methodology, we used nine treatments with three levels of Si (0, 1, and 3 mmol L-1; Na2SiO3) against three levels of Cd (0, 50, 200 μmol L-1; CdCl2) with three biological replicates. The results of our study demonstrated that Si incorporation with the advantage of 3 mmol L-1 in cultured media with Cd50 and Cd200 demolished the toxic effects of Cd on the leaves of wheat plants by increasing plant dry biomass by 88% and 262%, leaf area by 48% and 57%, total chlorophyll contents by 120% and 74%, catalase (CAT) activity by 92% and 110%, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by 62% and 78%, peroxidase (POD) activity by 66% and 40%, ascorbic acid (AsA) contents by 33% and 34%, glutathione (GHS) contents by 39% and 30% and reduced MDA contents by 56% and 50%, H2O2 contents by 61% and 66%, and EL contents by 56% and 47% as parallel to Cd corresponding levels. In addition, Si incorporation with the advantage of 3 mmol L-1 significantly increased relative water contents (RWC) to maintain the cell turgor pressure and protect the plant from wilting and cells flaccid and enhanced membrane stability index (MSI) to protect the plant from logging under damaging effects of Cd toxicities. Based on the present findings, Si can be considered a quasi-essential element that enhanced wheat tolerance against Cd toxicity by limiting uptake, accumulation, and translocation of Cd and through regulating antioxidative defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources of CAAS, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Qi Xuebin
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources of CAAS, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan; Department of Forestry and Range Management, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Abdur Rehim
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Campus Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Riaz
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Majeed A, Niaz A, Rizwan M, Imran M, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN, Ali S. Effects of biochar, farm manure, and pressmud on mineral nutrients and cadmium availability to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Cd-contaminated soil. Physiol Plant 2021; 173:191-200. [PMID: 33502791 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of agricultural soils with cadmium (Cd) is one of the serious worldwide concerns for food security. Biochar and organic manures have been known for enhancing plant growth and minimizing toxic trace element stress in plants. However, less is known about the effect of different organic amendments on Cd and uptake of essential nutrients by wheat. Thus, the effects of rice straw biochar (RSB), maize stalk biochar (MSB), farmyard manure (FYM), and pressmud (PRM) at a rate of 1% w/w were tested for Cd immobilization in soil and mineral nutrient availability to wheat crop grown in Cd-spiked soil (6.0 mg kg1 ). The amendments were added in Cd-spiked soil before 12 days of seed sowing and wheat plants were harvested after maturity (115 days after sowing). The findings revealed that the use of amendments improved the number of grains per spike, straw and grain yield of wheat relative to control treatment. The treatments minimized the Cd and enhanced the contents of zinc (Zn), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the leaves and grain of the wheat plants. Cadmium concentrations decreased by 35, 38, 68, and 63% in wheat grain, and grain yield increased by 19, 31, 68, and 58% with the application of FYM, PRM, MSB, and RSB, respectively. Overall, the application of MSB was more efficient in decreasing Cd concentrations in leaf and grains of wheat as compared to other conventional organic amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Majeed
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Niaz
- Soil Chemistry Section, Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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da Silva Cunha LF, de Oliveira VP, do Nascimento AWS, da Silva BRS, Batista BL, Alsahli AA, Lobato AKDS. Leaf application of 24-epibrassinolide mitigates cadmium toxicity in young Eucalyptus urophylla plants by modulating leaf anatomy and gas exchange. Physiol Plant 2021; 173:67-87. [PMID: 32767360 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd2+) soil pollution is a global environmental problem caused by the high toxicity of Cd. 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) is a biodegradable plant steroid involved in response modulation to biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the leaf-application of EBR improves the gas exchange and possible repercussions on leaf anatomy in young Eucalyptus urophylla plants exposed to Cd toxicity. The experiment involved six treatments, which included three Cd concentrations (0, 450, and 900 μM) and two EBR concentrations (0 and 100 nM, described as - EBR and + EBR, respectively). Plants exposed to Cd toxicity suffered decreases in leaf anatomical and gas exchange parameters. However, the plants treated with EBR + 900 μM Cd showed an increase of 46%, 40%, and 54% in the net photosynthetic rate, water-use efficiency, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, respectively. The EBR application-induced improvements in gas exchange parameters, causing beneficial effects on the photosynthetic apparatus, mainly the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and electron transport rate. Furthermore, this steroid mitigated the effect of Cd toxicity on leaf anatomical variables, more specifically palisade and spongy parenchyma, which are intrinsically related to stomatal density, and stimulated the net photosynthetic rate of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe da Silva Cunha
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
| | - Victor Pereira de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Lobato AKDS, Barbosa MAM, Alsahli AA, Lima EJA, Silva BRSD. Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates the negative impacts on production components, biomass and gas exchange in tomato plants under water deficit improving redox status and anatomical responses. Physiol Plant 2021; 172:869-884. [PMID: 33421143 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an interesting messenger in plant metabolism that modulates multiple pathways, including the antioxidant defence pathway, and stimulates anatomical structures essential to carbon dioxide fixation during the photosynthetic process. The aim of this research was to determine whether pre-treatment with exogenous SA can alleviate the deleterious effects induced by water deficit on production components, biomass and gas exchange, measuring reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes, variables connected to photosynthetic machinery, anatomical responses, and agro-morphological traits in tomato plants under water deficit. The experiment used a factorial design with four treatments, including two water conditions (control and water deficit) and two salicylic acid concentrations (0 and 0.1 mM salicylic acid). Water deficit negatively impacted the biomass and fruit number of tomato plants. Pre-treatment using 0.1 mM SA in plants submitted to water restriction induced increments in fruit number, weight, and biomass. These results were related to the protective role triggered by this substance, stimulating superoxide dismutase (27.07%), catalase (17.81%), ascorbate peroxidase (50.52%), and peroxidase (10.81%) as well as reducing the cell damage (malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage) caused by superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Simultaneously, application of SA improved the net photosynthetic rate (84.55%) and water-use efficiency (65.00%) of stressed plants in which these factors are connected to anatomical benefits, as verified by stomatal density, palisade and spongy parenchyma, combined with improved performance linked to photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emily Juliane Alvino Lima
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Brazil
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Hussain A, Rizwan M, Ali S, Rehman MZU, Qayyum MF, Nawaz R, Ahmad A, Asrar M, Ahmad SR, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN. Combined use of different nanoparticles effectively decreased cadmium (Cd) concentration in grains of wheat grown in a field contaminated with Cd. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 215:112139. [PMID: 33761378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in arable lands has become a serious matter for food security. Among various approaches, the application of nanoparticles (NPs) for remediation of contaminated water and soils is attaining more popularity worldwide. The current field experiment was executed to explore the impacts of single and combined use of ZnO NPs, Fe NPs and Si NPs on wheat growth and Cd intake by plants in a Cd-contaminated field. Wheat was sown in a field which was contaminated with Cd and was irrigated with the raw-city-effluent while NPs were applied as foliar spray alone and in all possible combinations. The data revealed that straw and grain yields were enhanced in the presence of NPs over control. Chlorophyll, carotenoids contents and antioxidants activities were enhanced while electrolyte leakage was reduced with all NPs over control. In comparison with control, Cd uptake in wheat straw was reduced by 84% and Cd uptake in grain was reduced by 99% in T8 where all three NPs were foliar-applied simultaneously. Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) contents were increased in those plants where ZnO and Fe NPs were exogenously applied which revealed that ZnO and Fe NPs enhanced the bio-fortification of Zn and Fe in wheat grains. Overall, foliar application of different NPs is beneficial for better wheat growth, yield, nutrients uptake and to lessen the Cd intake by plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil under real field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asrar
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Arshad M, Nisar S, Gul I, Nawaz U, Irum S, Ahmad S, Sadat H, Mian IA, Ali S, Rizwan M, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN. Multi-element uptake and growth responses of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to TiO 2 nanoparticles applied in different textured soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 215:112149. [PMID: 33773153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present work was to evaluate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on rice's growth (Oryza sativa L.) and nutrient availability under different soil textures. Greenhouse experiment was carried out with three soil textures (sandy loam, silt loam and silty clay loam) and two concentrations of TiO2 NPs (500, 750 mg kg-1). Control (without TiO2 NPs) was also maintained for the comparison. Growth parameters including chlorophyll content, root/shoot length, fresh/dry biomass and nutrients' uptake including calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), phosphorous (P), potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) were determined. The results revealed that application of 500 mg kg-1 TiO2 NPs in silty clay loam soil increased the chlorophyll content (3.3-folds), root length (49%), shoot length (31%), root and shoot biomass (41% & 39%, respectively) as compared to other soil textures. The maximum plant growth was observed in silty clay loam > silt loam > sandy loam. Concentration of Cu, Fe, P and Zn in shoot was increased by 8 - , 2.3 - , 0.4 - , 0.05 -folds in silty clay loam upon 500 mg kg-1 TiO2 NPs application as compared to the control. Backward selection method to model the parameters (nutrients in soil) for the response variables (root/shoot length and biomass) showed that Ca, Fe, P are the main nutrients responsible for the increase in plant length and biomass. Overall, the growth of rice was better in silty clay loam at 500 mg kg-1 of TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arshad
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Nisar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Gul
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Nawaz
- Department of Statistics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Irum
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafsaa Sadat
- Department of Statistics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Ahmad Mian
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mumtaz S, Saleem MH, Hameed M, Batool F, Parveen A, Amjad SF, Mahmood A, Arfan M, Ahmed S, Yasmin H, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN. Anatomical adaptations and ionic homeostasis in aquatic halophyte Cyperus laevigatus L. Under high salinities. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2655-2666. [PMID: 34025150 PMCID: PMC8117036 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is extremely hazardous to agriculture worldwide and its expanding constantly. Soil of almost 100 countries facing salinity problem including Pakistan. Cyperus laevigatus also act as salinity indicator species is a naturally adapted halophyte dispersed in subtropical regions of world. Six populations of C. laevigatus were collected from different saline habitats to evaluate adaptations regarding anatomical and physiological characteristics. C. laevigatus is perfectly adapted to harsh environmental conditions like dry barren soils, saline lakes, hyper-saline wetlands and salt marshes. Ecological success of this species is due to plasticity in physiological and anatomical characteristics to adapt variable environmental conditions. C. laevigatus is a halophyte, exhibited increased biomass production in moderately saline habitat. Higher uptake of K+ occurs to compensate the uptake of Na+ ion contents, a striking feature of salt-tolerant and halophytic species. Accumulation of osmoprotectants like proline, free amino acids, soluble sugar and protein contribute significantly to osmotic adjustment. Stem thickness enhanced as salinity level of habitat increased to store water in parenchymatous tissues under physiological drought. Intensive sclerification in root cortex provide mechanical strength to plant as well as prevent the radial leakage of water. Well-developed aerenchyma, increased vascular bundle area, broader vessels, small and dense stomata are critical to cope with environmental hazards. Population of Jahlar lake showing maximum biomass production indicate that this species grows better in moderate salinities. Therefore, this species will prove very useful for revegetation of salt affected rangeland and prairies by direct growth of such halophytic ecotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mumtaz
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Batool
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Abida Parveen
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Fasiha Amjad
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arfan
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Bio-Sciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Mansoor S, Kour N, Manhas S, Zahid S, Wani OA, Sharma V, Wijaya L, Alyemeni MN, Alsahli AA, El-Serehy HA, Paray BA, Ahmad P. Biochar as a tool for effective management of drought and heavy metal toxicity. Chemosphere 2021; 271:129458. [PMID: 33421912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heavy metal stress undesirably disturb soil fertility and plant growth. Heavy metals pose severe biological toxic effects. Biochar, a carbon rich source application ameliorates this stress by increasing the plant growth, biomass, nutrient uptake and improves gaseous exchange in drought stress. Application of biochar reduces drought stress by increasing water holding capacity of soil through modification of soil physio-chemical properties that in turn increases water availability to plants and also enhances mineral uptake and regulation of stomatal conductance. Biochar mediates the retention of moisture, nutrients, inhibits harmful bacteria, absorbs heavy metals, pesticides, prevents soil erosion, increases soil pH, improves cationic exchange and boosts soil fertility. Drought and heavy metal stress often lead to production of reactive oxygen species. However, biochar significantly modifies the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging enzymes and provides an efficient electron transferring mechanism to tackle the toxic effects of ROS in plants. Biochar is regarded as a tool for the effective management of agricultural productivity and various environmental issues. This review provides insights on the potential role of biochar in ameliorating drought and heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Navneet Kour
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Sweeta Manhas
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Sheikh Zahid
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Owais Ali Wani
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, FoA Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Janani B, Raju LL, Thomas AM, Alyemeni MN, Dudin GA, Wijaya L, Alsahli AA, Ahmad P, Khan SS. Impact of bovine serum albumin - A protein corona on toxicity of ZnO NPs in environmental model systems of plant, bacteria, algae and crustaceans. Chemosphere 2021; 270:128629. [PMID: 33168289 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely applied in industrial, household and medical areas that lead to its discharge and accumulation in ecosystem. Here, the toxic effect of ZnO NPs in presence and absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was analyzed. The difference in toxicity of bare ZnO and BSA interacted ZnO was studied with different environmental models. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were used as model bacterial systems. Toxicity against bacteria was determined by employing plate count method. C. pyrenoidsa was used as algal system for evaluating toxicity and it was determined by chlorophyll estimation assay. Daphnia sp. was chosen as crustacean system model. A. cepa root cells were chosen as plant model. ZnO NPs increased the ROS formation, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress and it reduced in the presence of BSA. The cytotoxicity, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei (MN) index of A. cepa were increased after ZnO NPs treatment. Same time the toxic effect was decreased in case of BSA coated ZnO NPs. The NPs toxic potential on the organisms decreased in the order of P. aeruginosa (LC50-0.092 mg/L) > S. aureus (LC50-0.33 mg/L) > Daphnia sp (LC50-0.35 mg/L) > C. pyrenoidosa (LC50-8.17 mg/L). LC50 in presence of BSA was determined to be 18.45, 26.24, 17.27 and 53.97 mg/L for P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Daphnia sp and C. pyrenoidosa respectively. Therefore, the report suggests that BSA stabilized ZnO NPs could be more amenable towards applications in biotechnology and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Janani
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lija L Raju
- Department of Zoology, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ajith M Thomas
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, St Xavier's College, Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gani Asa Dudin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - S Sudheer Khan
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wani IA, Verma S, Mushtaq S, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN, Tariq M, Pant S. Ecological analysis and environmental niche modelling of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo: A conservation approach for critically endangered medicinal orchid. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2109-2122. [PMID: 33911927 PMCID: PMC8071888 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural populations of Dactylorhiza hatagirea have been greatly affected due to incessant exploitation. As such, studies on its population attributes together with habitat suitability and environmental factors affecting its distribution are needed to be undertaken for its conservation in nature. Present study aimed at accessing an impact of anthropogenic pressure on population structure and locate suitable habitats for the conservation of this critically endangered orchid. Considerable changes in the phytosociological attributes were observed on account of the changing magnitude and extent of anthropogenic threat in their natural abode. The distribution pattern of species indicated that more than 90% of the populations exhibit substantially aggregated spatial distribution. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) distribution modelling algorithm was used to predict suitable habitat and potential area for its cultivation and reintroduction. Twenty-seven occurrence records, nineteen bioclimatic variables, altitude, and slope were used. MaxEnt map output gave the habitat suitability for this species and predicted its distribution in the North-Western Himalayas of India for approximately 616 km2. Jackknifing indicated that maximum temperature of warmest month, annual mean temperature, mean temperature of the driest quarter, and mean temperature of the wettest quarter were the governing factors for its distribution and hence, presented a higher gain with respect to other variables. According to permutation importance, precipitation seasonality and mean temperature of wettest quarter shows the prominent impact on the habitat distribution. Results of AUC (area under curve) were statistically significant (0.940) and the line of predicted omission falls very close to an omission on training samples, validating a better run of the model. Response curves revealed a probable increase in the occurrence of D. hatagirea with an increase in mean temperature of the wettest quarter and maximum temperature of the warmest month contributed more than 50% to predicted habitat suitability. Direct field observations concurrent with predicted habitat suitability and google-earth images represent greater model thresholds for successful inception of the species. Together, the study proposes that the species can be conserved in or near its present-day natural habitats and is equally effective in determining the possible habitats for its cultivation and reintroduction.
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Key Words
- ASCII, American Standard Code for Information Interchange
- AUC, Area Under Curve
- Ab, Abundance
- Asp, Aspect
- Co, Contagious
- Conservation
- Critically endangered
- D.P, Distribution pattern
- Dactylorhiza hatagirea
- Den, Density
- E, East
- Fre, Frequency
- K.W.M, Kargil War Memorial
- M. Gao, Masjid Gao
- Maximum entropy
- NE, North-East
- NW, North-West
- Populations
- ROC, Receivers Operating Characteristic curve
- Ra, Random
- Re, Regular
- Reintroduction
- SE, South-East
- SW, South-West
- m.a.s.l., meter above sea level
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Wani
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, J&K, India
| | - Susheel Verma
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, J&K, India
| | - Shazia Mushtaq
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Tariq
- Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, India
| | - Shreekar Pant
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, J&K, India
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Malhi GS, Kaur M, Kaushik P, Alyemeni MN, Alsahli AA, Ahmad P. Arbuscular mycorrhiza in combating abiotic stresses in vegetables: An eco-friendly approach. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1465-1476. [PMID: 33613074 PMCID: PMC7878692 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable production is hampered by several abiotic stresses which are very common in this era of climate change. There is a huge pressure on the plants to survive and yield better results even in the prevalence of various environmental stresses such as cold stress, drought, heat stress, salinity etc. This necessitates the need of robust plant growth which is possible with mycorrhizal association. Mycorrhiza improves plants tolerance to several abiotic stresses by various physiological, functional and biochemical changes in plants. The application of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) as vegetable biofertilizers doesn’t only influence the plant health, but moreover discursively it lowers the demand for harmful chemical fertilizers. Overall, it may be concluded that inoculation of vegetables with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can be used, as it easily guards plants against undesirable abiotic stresses. In this work, information is provided based on several examples from the literature based on the application of AM to combat harmful abiotic stresses in vegetable crops. This paper reviews the impacts of AM fungi on the plant parameters, its functional activities and molecular mechanisms which makes it more adaptable and underline the future prospects of using AM fungi as a biofertilizer in the stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India
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Javed MT, Saleem MH, Aslam S, Rehman M, Iqbal N, Begum R, Ali S, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L. Elucidating silicon-mediated distinct morpho-physio-biochemical attributes and organic acid exudation patterns of cadmium stressed Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 157:23-37. [PMID: 33069978 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as cadmium (Cd)] is becoming a serious global problem due to rapid development of social economy. Silicon (Si), being an important fertilizer element, has been found effective in enhancing plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the extent to which different levels of Si modulated the Cd tolerance of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seedlings when maintained in artificially Cd spiked regimes. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions for four weeks, by using sand, mixed with different levels of Cd i.e., 0, 1.5 and 3 mM together with the application of Si at 0, 1.5 and 3 mM levels to monitor different growth, gaseous exchange, oxidative stress, antioxidative responses, minerals accumulation, organic acid exudation patterns of T. ammi seedlings. Our results depicted that Cd addition to growth medium significantly decreased plant growth and biomass, gaseous exchange attributes and minerals uptake by T. ammi seedlings as compared to the plants grown without addition of Cd. However, Cd toxicity boosted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the indication of oxidative stress in T. ammi seedlings and was also manifested by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and electrolyte leakage to the membrane bounded organelles. Although, activities of various antioxidative enzymes like superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) initially increased up to a Cd level of 1.5 mM but were significantly diminished at the highest Cd level of 3 mM. Results revealed that the anthocyanin and soluble proteins contents were decreased in seedlings grown under elevating Cd levels but increased the Cd accumulation of T. ammi roots and shoots. The negative impacts of Cd injury were reduced by the application of Si which increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant enzymes, minerals uptake together with diminished exudation of organic acids as well as oxidative stress indicators in roots and shoots of T. ammi by decreasing Cd retention in different plant parts. Research findings, therefore, suggested that Si application can ameliorate Cd toxicity in T. ammi seedlings and resulted in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Sidra Aslam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzammal Rehman
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ruqiyya Begum
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Rasool A, Mansoor S, Bhat KM, Hassan GI, Baba TR, Alyemeni MN, Alsahli AA, El-Serehy HA, Paray BA, Ahmad P. Mechanisms Underlying Graft Union Formation and Rootstock Scion Interaction in Horticultural Plants. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:590847. [PMID: 33362818 PMCID: PMC7758432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.590847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is a common practice for vegetative propagation and trait improvement in horticultural plants. A general prerequisite for successful grafting and long term survival of grafted plants is taxonomic proximity between the root stock and scion. For the success of a grafting operation, rootstock and scion should essentially be closely related. Interaction between the rootstock and scion involves complex physiological-biochemical and molecular mechanisms. Successful graft union formation involves a series of steps viz., lining up of vascular cambium, generation of a wound healing response, callus bridge formation, followed by vascular cambium formation and subsequent formation of the secondary xylem and phloem. For grafted trees compatibility between the rootstock/scion is the most essential factor for their better performance and longevity. Graft incompatibility occurs on account of a number of factors including of unfavorable physiological responses across the graft union, transmission of virus or phytoplasma and anatomical deformities of vascular tissue at the graft junction. In order to avoid the incompatibility problems, it is important to predict the same at an early stage. Phytohormones, especially auxins regulate key events in graft union formation between the rootstock and scion, while others function to facilitate the signaling pathways. Transport of macro as well as micro molecules across long distances results in phenotypic variation shown by grafted plants, therefore grafting can be used to determine the pattern and rate of recurrence of this transport. A better understanding of rootstock scion interactions, endogenous growth substances, soil or climatic factors needs to be studied, which would facilitate efficient selection and use of rootstocks in the future. Protein, hormones, mRNA and small RNA transport across the junction is currently emerging as an important mechanism which controls the stock/scion communication and simultaneously may play a crucial role in understanding the physiology of grafting more precisely. This review provides an understanding of the physiological, biochemical and molecular basis underlying grafting with special reference to horticultural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatifa Rasool
- Department of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - K. M. Bhat
- Department of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - G. I. Hassan
- Department of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Tawseef Rehman Baba
- Department of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyad, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hamed A. El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyad, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyad, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyad, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Parvaiz Ahmad,
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28
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Ahanger MA, Aziz U, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Influence of Exogenous Salicylic Acid and Nitric Oxide on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Salt Stressed Vigna angularis. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010042. [PMID: 31888108 PMCID: PMC7022326 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the beneficial role of exogenous application of salicylic acid (1 mM SA) and nitric oxide (100 μM NO) in preventing the oxidative damage in Vigna angularis triggered by salinity stress. Salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress reduced growth, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, gas exchange parameters, and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) significantly. Exogenous application of SA and NO was affective in enhancing these growth and photosynthetic parameters. Salinity stress reduced relative water content over control. Further, the application of SA and NO enhanced the synthesis of proline, glycine betaine, and sugars as compared to the control as well as NaCl treated plants contributing to the maintenance of tissue water content. Exogenous application of SA and NO resulted in up-regulation of the antioxidant system. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the content of non-enzymatic components, were more in SA + NO treated seedlings as compared to control and salinity stressed counterparts resulting in significant alleviation of the NaCl mediated oxidative damage. Content of nitrogen, potassium, and calcium increased due to SA and NO under normal conditions and NaCl stress conditions while as Na and Cl content reduced significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abass Ahanger
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Usman Aziz
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.N.A.)
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India
- Correspondence:
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