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Wu W, Miller E, Hurteau-Miller J, Thipse M, Kapoor C, Webster R, McAuley D, Tu A. Validation of a shortened MR imaging protocol for pediatric spinal pathology. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:3163-3168. [PMID: 36997725 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-05940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventional pediatric spine MRI protocols have multiple sequences resulting in long acquisition times. Sedation is consequently required. This study evaluates the diagnostic capability of a limited MRI spine protocol for selected common pediatric indications. METHODS Spine MRIs at CHEO between 2017 and 2020 were reviewed across pediatric patients younger than four years old. Two blinded neuroradiologists reviewed limited scan sequences, and results were independently compared to previously reported findings from the complete imaging series. T2 sagittal sequences from the craniocervical junction to sacrum and T1 axial sequence of the lumbar spine constitute the short protocol, with the outcomes of interest being cerebellar ectopia, syrinx, level of conus, filum < 2 mm, fatty filum, and spinal dysraphism. RESULTS A total of 105 studies were evaluated in 54 male and 51 female patients (mean age 19.2 months). The average combined scan time of the limited sequences was 15 min compared to 35 min for conventional protocols (delta = 20 min). The average percent agreement between full and limited sequences was > 95% in all but identifying a filum < 2 mm, where the percent agreement was 87%. Using limited MR sequences had high sensitivity (> 0.91) and specificity (> 0.99) for the detection of cerebellar ectopia, syrinx, fatty filum, and spinal dysraphism. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that selected spinal imaging sequences allow for consistent and accurate diagnosis of specific clinical conditions. A limited spine imaging protocol has potential as a screening test to reduce the need for full-sequence MRI scans. Further work is needed to determine utility of selected imaging for other clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - E Miller
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, CHEO, 401 Smyth Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1H8L1, Canada
| | - J Hurteau-Miller
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, CHEO, 401 Smyth Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1H8L1, Canada
| | - M Thipse
- CHEO Research Institute, 401 Smyth Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1H8L1, Canada
| | - C Kapoor
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, CHEO, 401 Smyth Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1H8L1, Canada
| | - R Webster
- CHEO Research Institute, 401 Smyth Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1H8L1, Canada
| | - D McAuley
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Rm 3359, CHEO, 401 Smyth Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1H8L1, Canada
| | - A Tu
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Rm 3359, CHEO, 401 Smyth Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1H8L1, Canada.
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Brkic FF, Liu DT, Klimbacher R, Campion NJ, Bartosik TJ, Vyskocil E, Stanek V, Tu A, Arnoldner T, Bangert C, Gangl K, Eckl-Dorna J, Schneider S. Efficacy and safety of switching between biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or N-ERD. Rhinology 2023:3102. [PMID: 37515811 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The effectiveness of biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is well-established. However, real-world experience on the effectiveness of transitioning between two monoclonal antibodies is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the safety and efficacy of antibody switching in treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. METHODS All patients with CRSwNP or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) requiring a switch between biologics were retrospectively studied. Analysis included changes in polyp size, quality of life parameters, asthma control, and side effects. RESULTS Out of 195 patients treated with biologics for CRSwNP or N-ERD in our center, 23 (11.8%) required transition to a different monoclonal antibody. The majority switched from omalizumab to dupilumab (17/23, 73.9%), mostly due to inadequate symptom control. Nine out of these 17 patients (52.9%) were switched without a washout period. All patients showed significant improvement in nasal polyp score, asthma control test and sino-nasal outcome test-22 after changing to dupilumab. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was the side-effect (4.3%) reported after the switch from omalizumab to dupilumab, which lead to termination of therapy in one patient. Due to limited sample size, other antibody transitions were reported in a descriptive manner. CONCLUSION The transition to dupilumab is an effective option in patients with inadequate treatment response or side-effects of omalizumab in nasal polyposis. Our preliminary results indicate that a wash-out period may not be necessary when switching between biologics, however, these findings require further investigations. Other monoclonal antibody transitions also show promising results, but warrant validations in larger cohorts due to small patient samples in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Brkic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D T Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Klimbacher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - N J Campion
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T J Bartosik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Vyskocil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - V Stanek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Tu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Arnoldner
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Schneider
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Turner A, Jones A, Ong J, Tu A, Crawford M. The effects of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for insomnia and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on neurocognitive functioning in individuals with comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA). Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chromy D, Bartosik T, Brkic F, Quint T, Tu A, Eckl-Dorna J, Schneider S, Bangert C. 130 Skin-associated side effects in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis following treatment with dupilumab. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nascimento R, Gouran H, Chakraborty S, Gillespie HW, Almeida-Souza HO, Tu A, Rao BJ, Feldstein PA, Bruening G, Goulart LR, Dandekar AM. Corrigendum: The Type II Secreted Lipase/Esterase LesA is a Key Virulence Factor Required for Xylella fastidiosa Pathogenesis in Grapevines. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21575. [PMID: 26914974 PMCID: PMC4767115 DOI: 10.1038/srep21575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Nascimento R, Gouran H, Chakraborty S, Gillespie HW, Almeida-Souza HO, Tu A, Rao BJ, Feldstein PA, Bruening G, Goulart LR, Dandekar AM. The Type II Secreted Lipase/Esterase LesA is a Key Virulence Factor Required for Xylella fastidiosa Pathogenesis in Grapevines. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18598. [PMID: 26753904 PMCID: PMC4709584 DOI: 10.1038/srep18598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevines is caused by Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), a xylem-limited gamma-proteobacterium that is responsible for several economically important crop diseases. The occlusion of xylem elements and interference with water transport by Xf and its associated biofilm have been posited as the main cause of PD symptom development; however, Xf virulence mechanisms have not been described. Analysis of the Xf secretome revealed a putative lipase/esterase (LesA) that was abundantly secreted in bacterial culture supernatant and was characterized as a protein ortholog of the cell wall-degrading enzyme LipA of Xanthomonas strains. LesA was secreted by Xf and associated with a biofilm filamentous network. Additional proteomic analysis revealed its abundant presence in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Accumulation of LesA in leaf regions associated positively with PD symptoms and inversely with bacterial titer. The lipase/esterase also elicited a hypersensitive response in grapevine. Xf lesA mutants were significantly deficient for virulence when mechanically inoculated into grapevines. We propose that Xf pathogenesis is caused by LesA secretion mediated by OMV cargos and that its release and accumulation in leaf margins leads to early stages of observed PD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Nascimento
- Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis CA, 95616, USA.
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902, Uberlândia MG, Brazil
| | - Hossein Gouran
- Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Sandeep Chakraborty
- Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Hyrum W. Gillespie
- Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Hebréia O. Almeida-Souza
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902, Uberlândia MG, Brazil
| | - Aye Tu
- Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Basuthkar J. Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - Paul A. Feldstein
- Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis CA, 95616, USA.
| | - George Bruening
- Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Luiz R. Goulart
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis CA, 95616, USA
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Amazonas, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902, Uberlândia MG, Brazil
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis CA, 95616, USA.
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Akagami R, Gooderham P, Mick P, Tu A, Westerberg B. The Natural History and Radiation Treatment of Growing Acoustic Neuromas. Skull Base Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tu A, Yeo T, Steinke D, Resch L, Mehta V. Chordoid glioma: imaging pearls of a unique third ventricular tumor. Can J Neurol Sci 2010; 37:677-680. [PMID: 21059517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Tu
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Niihara Y, Shalev O, Hebbel RP, Wu H, Tu A, Akiyama DS, Tanaka KR. Desferrioxamine (DFO) conjugated with starch decreases NAD redox potential of intact red blood cells (RBC): evidence for DFO as an extracellular inducer of oxidant stress in RBC. Am J Hematol 2000; 65:281-4. [PMID: 11074553 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8652(200012)65:4<281::aid-ajh3>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine (DFO) is an important iron-chelating agent. It has also been thought of as an agent with anti-oxidant potential as it chelates ferric iron in various parts of the body. However, there is evidence suggesting that it may paradoxically affect red blood cells (RBCs) by inducing intracellular oxidant stress. Recently we observed that incubation of RBCs with DFO decreases NAD redox potential in normal RBC. To further understand the mechanism of DFO's interaction with RBC, we conducted a study to determine the effect of extracellular DFO upon RBC's redox status. We examined NAD redox potential in intact RBC (N = 7) incubated with DFO conjugated to starch. RBCs were incubated with 4 mM DFO for 3(1/2) hr and with 6 mM DFO for 2 and 3(1/2) hr. Significant decreases in NAD redox potential were observed after the incubations. With 4 mM DFO at the 3 (1/2) hr time point the mean decrease was 12.37% +/- 9.96% (P < 0.0085). With 6 mM DFO, the mean decreases were 18.54% +/- 9.79% (P < 0.0013) and 19.16% +/- 8.78% (P < 0.0006) for the 2 and 3 (1/2) hr incubations, respectively. DFO by itself is very poorly permeable to RBC. Conjugation with starch further ensured impermeability of DFO. The data presented here confirm the oxidant effect of DFO on RBC. The data also demonstrate that the effect of DFO on RBC's NAD redox potential originates extracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Niihara
- Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Torrance, California, USA.
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Powers K, McWilliams D, Tu A, Holechek MJ. Merger of the NP and CNS roles: pro and con. ANNA J 1997; 24:490-1. [PMID: 9325703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Powers
- University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, USA
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Abstract
Two new spirostanol saponins, named anemarsaponin F (2b) and G (4b), along with six known spirostanol saponins were obtained from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. On the basis of spectral analyses and chemical evidence, the structures of 2b and 4b were established as neogitogenin 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2) [beta-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-galactopyranoside) and lilagenin 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta- glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-galactopyranoside, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C LeBoeuf
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
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Abstract
Previously, we have shown that a multicopy family of related but unique genes encodes the major surface glycoprotein (MSG) of Pneumocystis carinii. To examine whether different members of this gene family are expressed by P. carinii, antisera were prepared against peptides whose sequences were determined from the deduced amino acid sequences of variants of rat-derived MSG. Immunohistochemical staining of serial sections of rat lungs of infected animals showed that at least three variants of MSG were expressed in an individual lobe, that there was a focal expression of these variants within the lung, and that the relative numbers of these foci were different. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of purified P. carinii organisms using these antisera revealed that at least three variants of MSG were present in organisms isolated from an individual rat and that both cysts and trophozoites reacted with each antiserum. A substantial difference in the fraction of organisms reacting with a specific antipeptide antiserum was seen when comparing organisms isolated from rats raised in a single colony over a period of two years as well as organisms isolated at one time point from rats raised in different colonies. This demonstration of antigenic variation in P. carinii supports the hypothesis that P. carinii utilizes such variation for evading host defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Angus
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Tyler D, Tu A, Douthit J, Chapman C. Validation of pain assessment tools in children. Pain 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(90)92148-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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MacLennan KA, Bennett MH, Tu A, Hudson BV, Easterling MJ, Hudson GV, Jelliffe AM. Relationship of histopathologic features to survival and relapse in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. A study of 1659 patients. Cancer 1989; 64:1686-93. [PMID: 2790683 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19891015)64:8<1686::aid-cncr2820640822>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nodular sclerosing (NS) Hodgkin's disease (HD) with extensive areas of lymphocyte depletion or with numerous anaplastic Hodgkin's cells, termed Grade II NS, is associated with a poor response to initial therapy, an increased relapse rate, and decreased survival when compared with other NS variants, termed Grade I NS. The histopathologic subdivision of NS HD into Grade I and Grade II is easy to perform and provides essential prognostic information that is independent of stage. Patients with Grade II NS HD may require more aggressive initial therapy if their survival is to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A MacLennan
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital, Nottingham, England
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Tu A, Hallowell W, Pallotta S, Sivak A, Lubet RA, Curren RD, Avery MD, Jones C, Sedita BA, Huberman E. An interlaboratory comparison of transformation in Syrian hamster embryo cells with model and coded chemicals. Environ Mutagen 1986; 8:77-98. [PMID: 3943499 DOI: 10.1002/em.2860080108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Three independent laboratories tested eight "model" and five coded chemicals in the Syrian hamster embryo clonal transformation assay system to establish the intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility of the system and to identify sources of variability. When a common cell pool and the same lot of fetal calf serum were used, the three laboratories obtained consensus on the activity of eight model chemicals: five chemicals (benzo(a)pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, nitroquinoline-N-oxide, and lead chromate) induced morphological transformation without exogenous metabolic activation and three (N-2-fluorenylacetamide, pyrene, and anthracene) produced no transformation response. Five coded chemicals (2,6-dichloro p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-oxydianiline, cinnamyl anthranilate, dichlorvos, and reserpine), representative of environmental chemical classes, but not necessarily strong carcinogens, produced more equivocal responses in this interlaboratory study. Thus, while the assay can be used to distinguish between transforming and nontransforming chemicals in some cases, the intrinsic limitations in low transformation frequency and in achieving any dose-response results are major constraints to the use of this system in a routine testing program at the present time. Efforts to increase the transformation frequency or to amplify the expression of the transformed phenotype constitute some of the approaches which should be explored in order to overcome these limitations.
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Abstract
A coagulant component has been purified from Cerastes cerastes venom, using gel filtration on a Sephadex G 100 (fine) column followed by chromatography on a Bio-Rex 70 column. This compound had a proteolytic effect and could coagulate human plasma deficient in factor VIII or (VIII + IX) with the formation of a firm clot. It could also clot plasma deficient in factor X, but the clot formed was soft and not complete. The compound had no effect on platelet aggregation and was nontoxic. This compound is believed to be primarily a factor X activator, as it could replace factor VIII in hemophilic plasmas.
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Lanza B, Tu A. [Not Available]. Kos 1985; 2:81-95. [PMID: 11637312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Abstract
Electrophoretic analyses of protein components of striated muscle myofibril purified from various vertebrate and invertebrate species revealed that proteins much larger than myosin heavy chain are present in significant amounts. To define possible roles of these heretofore unidentified proteins, we purified a combination of two uncommonly large proteins, designated as titin, from chicken breast myofibrils. Chemical and immunological studies indicated that titin is distinct from myosin, actin, and filamin. Specific titin anti body crossreacts with similar protein in both skeletal and cardiac myofibrils of many vertebrate and invertebrate species. Immunofluorescent staining of glycerinated chicken breast myofibrils indicated that titin is present in M lines, Z lines, the junctions of A and I bands, and perhaps throughout the entire A bands. Similar staining studies of myofibrils from other species suggest that titinlike proteins may be organized in all myofibrils according to a common architectural plan. We conclude that titin is a structurally conserved myofibrillar component of vertebrate and invertebrate striated muscles.
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