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Gudmundsson E, Zhao A, Mogulkoc N, van Beek F, Goos T, Brereton CJ, Veltkamp M, Chapman R, van Es HW, Garthwaite H, Gholipour B, Heightman M, Nair A, Pontoppidan K, Savas R, Ahmed A, Vermant M, Unat O, Procter A, De Sadeleer L, Denneny E, Wallis T, Duncan M, Taylor M, Verleden S, Janes SM, Alexander DC, Wells AU, Porter J, Jones MG, Stewart I, van Moorsel CH, Wuyts W, Jacob J. Delineating associations of progressive pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00637-2022. [PMID: 37009018 PMCID: PMC10052711 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00637-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundComputer quantification of baseline computed tomography (CT) radiologic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) associates with mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We examined mortality associations of longitudinal change in computer quantified PPFE-like lesions in IPF and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (FHP).MethodsTwo CT scans 6–36 months apart were retrospectively examined in one IPF (n=414) and one FHP population (n=98). Annualised change in computerised upper-zone pleural surface area comprising radiologic PPFE-like lesions (Δ-PPFE) was calculated. Δ-PPFE >1.25% defined progressive PPFE above scan noise. Mixed-effects models evaluated Δ-PPFE against change in visual CT interstitial lung disease (ILD) extent and annualised forced vital capacity (FVC) decline. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, gender, smoking history, baseline emphysema presence, antifibrotic use and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. Mortality analyses further adjusted for baseline presence of clinically important PPFE-like lesions and ILD change.FindingsΔ-PPFE associated weakly with ILD and FVC change. 22–26% of IPF and FHP cohorts demonstrated progressive PPFE-like lesions which independently associated with mortality in the IPF cohort (HR=1.25, 95% CI 1.16–1.34, p<0.0001) and the FHP cohort (HR=1.16, 95% CI 1.00–1.35, p=0.045).InterpretationProgression of PPFE-like lesions independently associates with mortality in IPF and FHP but does not associate strongly with measures of fibrosis progression.
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Zhao A, Gudmundsson E, Mogulkoc N, Jones MG, van Moorsel C, Corte TJ, Romei C, Savas R, Brereton CJ, van Es HW, Jo H, De Liperi A, Unat O, Pontoppidan K, van Beek F, Veltkamp M, Hopkins P, Moodley Y, Taliani A, Tavanti L, Gholipour B, Nair A, Janes S, Stewart I, Barber D, Alexander DC, Wells AU, Jacob J. Mortality in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema patients is determined by the sum of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00316-2021. [PMID: 34435039 PMCID: PMC8381266 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00316-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is one of the most common pulmonary comorbidities of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), presenting in about one-third of IPF patients [1]. The term combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) has been used to describe a potential phenotype characterised by the coexistence of upper lobe-predominant emphysema, lower lobe-predominant fibrosis and relative preservation of lung volumes (forced vital capacity; FVC) in the context of a disproportionately reduced gas transfer (diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; DLCO) [1–3]. With regard to patient survival, it remains unclear whether mortality in patients with CPFE reflects the cumulative effects of two disease processes (emphysema and fibrosis), or whether CPFE represents a distinct disease phenotype where outcome is worse than the sum of disease parts (emphysema and fibrosis). In patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, emphysema and fibrosis do not have a synergistic effect that results in worsened survival when compared to IPF patients without emphysemahttps://bit.ly/35EJMo6
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zhao
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Nesrin Mogulkoc
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mark G Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Tamera J Corte
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Chiara Romei
- Dept of Radiology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Recep Savas
- Dept of Radiology, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Christopher J Brereton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hendrik W van Es
- Dept of Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Jo
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | | | - Omer Unat
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Katarina Pontoppidan
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Frouke van Beek
- Dept of Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Veltkamp
- Dept of Pulmonology, Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Hopkins
- Queensland Centre for Pulmonary Transplantation and Vascular Disease, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia
| | - Yuben Moodley
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Laura Tavanti
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Dept, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bahareh Gholipour
- Dept of Radiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Arjun Nair
- Dept of Radiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sam Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
| | - Iain Stewart
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Barber
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Athol U Wells
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph Jacob
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK.,Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
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Gudmundsson E, Zhao A, Mogulkoc N, Stewart I, Jones MG, Van Moorsel CH, Savas R, Brereton CJ, Van Es HW, Unat O, Pontoppidan K, Van Beek F, Veltkamp M, Gholipour B, Nair A, Wells AU, Janes SM, Alexander DC, Jacob J. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Survival analysis using visual and computer-based computed tomography assessment. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 38:101009. [PMID: 34505028 PMCID: PMC8413236 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) are known to have poor outcomes but detailed examinations of prognostic significance of an association between these morphologic processes are lacking. METHODS Retrospective observational study of independent derivation and validation cohorts of IPF populations. Upper-lobe PPFE extent was scored visually (vPPFE) as categories of absent, moderate, marked. Computerised upper-zone PPFE extent (cPPFE) was examined continuously and using a threshold of 2·5% pleural surface area. vPPFE and cPPFE were evaluated against 1-year FVC decline (estimated using mixed-effects models) and mortality. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, gender, smoking history, antifibrotic treatment and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. FINDINGS PPFE prevalence was 49% (derivation cohort, n = 142) and 72% (validation cohort, n = 145). vPPFE marginally contributed 3-14% to variance in interstitial lung disease (ILD) severity across both cohorts.In multivariable models, marked vPPFE was independently associated with 1-year FVC decline (derivation: regression coefficient 18·3, 95 CI 8·47-28·2%; validation: 7·51, 1·85-13·2%) and mortality (derivation: hazard ratio [HR] 7·70, 95% CI 3·50-16·9; validation: HR 3·01, 1·33-6·81). Similarly, continuous and dichotomised cPPFE were associated with 1-year FVC decline and mortality (cPPFE ≥ 2·5% derivation: HR 5·26, 3·00-9·22; validation: HR 2·06, 1·28-3·31). Individuals with cPPFE ≥ 2·5% or marked vPPFE had the lowest median survival, the cPPFE threshold demonstrated greater discrimination of poor outcomes at two and three years than marked vPPFE. INTERPRETATION PPFE quantification supports distinction of IPF patients with a worse outcome independent of established ILD severity measures. This has the potential to improve prognostic management and elucidate separate pathways of disease progression. FUNDING This research was funded in whole or in part by the Wellcome Trust [209,553/Z/17/Z] and the NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyjolfur Gudmundsson
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, 1st Floor, 90 High Holborn, London WC1V6LJ, United Kingdom
| | - An Zhao
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, 1st Floor, 90 High Holborn, London WC1V6LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nesrin Mogulkoc
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Iain Stewart
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G. Jones
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Coline H.M. Van Moorsel
- Department of Pulmonology, Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Recep Savas
- Department of Radiology, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Christopher J. Brereton
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik W. Van Es
- Department of Radiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Omer Unat
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Katarina Pontoppidan
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Frouke Van Beek
- Department of Pulmonology, Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Veltkamp
- Department of Pulmonology, Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bahareh Gholipour
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arjun Nair
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athol U. Wells
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C. Alexander
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, 1st Floor, 90 High Holborn, London WC1V6LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Jacob
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, 1st Floor, 90 High Holborn, London WC1V6LJ, United Kingdom
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author at: Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, 1st Floor, 90 High Holborn, London WC1V6LJ, United Kingdom.
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Jacob J, Aksman L, Mogulkoc N, Procter AJ, Gholipour B, Cross G, Barnett J, Brereton CJ, Jones MG, van Moorsel CH, van Es W, van Beek F, Veltkamp M, Desai SR, Judge E, Burd T, Kokosi M, Savas R, Bayraktaroglu S, Altmann A, Wells AU. Serial CT analysis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: comparison of visual features that determine patient outcome. Thorax 2020; 75:648-654. [PMID: 32345689 PMCID: PMC7402558 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) receiving antifibrotic medication and patients with non-IPF fibrosing lung disease often demonstrate rates of annualised forced vital capacity (FVC) decline within the range of measurement variation (5.0%-9.9%). We examined whether change in visual CT variables could help confirm whether marginal FVC declines represented genuine clinical deterioration rather than measurement noise. METHODS In two IPF cohorts (cohort 1: n=103, cohort 2: n=108), separate pairs of radiologists scored paired volumetric CTs (acquired between 6 and 24 months from baseline). Change in interstitial lung disease, honeycombing, reticulation, ground-glass opacity extents and traction bronchiectasis severity was evaluated using a 5-point scale, with mortality prediction analysed using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses. Both IPF populations were then combined to determine whether change in CT variables could predict mortality in patients with marginal FVC declines. RESULTS On univariate analysis, change in all CT variables except ground-glass opacity predicted mortality in both cohorts. On multivariate analysis adjusted for patient age, gender, antifibrotic use and baseline disease severity (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide), change in traction bronchiectasis severity predicted mortality independent of FVC decline. Change in traction bronchiectasis severity demonstrated good interobserver agreement among both scorer pairs. Across all study patients with marginal FVC declines, change in traction bronchiectasis severity independently predicted mortality and identified more patients with deterioration than change in honeycombing extent. CONCLUSIONS Change in traction bronchiectasis severity is a measure of disease progression that could be used to help resolve the clinical importance of marginal FVC declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jacob
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, UK .,Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leon Aksman
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nesrin Mogulkoc
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alex J Procter
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Bahareh Gholipour
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gary Cross
- Department of Radiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joseph Barnett
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Brereton
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Coline H van Moorsel
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Es
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Frouke van Beek
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Veltkamp
- Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sujal R Desai
- Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eoin Judge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Teresa Burd
- Department of Radiology, St. George's Hospital, London, Greater London, UK
| | - Maria Kokosi
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Recep Savas
- Department of Radiology, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Andre Altmann
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Athol U Wells
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Horst C, Gholipour B, Nair A, Jacob J. Differential diagnoses of fibrosing lung diseases. BJR Open 2019; 1:20190009. [PMID: 33178941 PMCID: PMC7592484 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20190009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the challenges inherent in diagnosing fibrosing lung diseases (FLD) on CT imaging and methodologies by which the diagnostic process may be simplified. METHODS Extensive searches in online scientific databases were performed to provide relevant and contemporary evidence that describe the current state of knowledge related to FLD diagnosis. This includes descriptions of the utility of a working diagnosis for an individual case discussed in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) setting and challenges associated with the lack of consensus guidelines for diagnosing chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. RESULTS As well as describing imaging features that indicate the presence of a fibrosing lung disease, those CT characteristics that nuance a diagnosis of the various FLDs are considered. The review also explains the essential information that a radiologist needs to convey to an MDT when reading a CT scan. Lastly, we provide some insights as to the future directions the field make take in the upcoming years. CONCLUSIONS This review outlines the current state of FLD diagnosis and emphasizes areas where knowledge is limited, and more evidence is required. Fundamentally, however, it provides a guide for radiologists when tackling CT imaging in a patient with FLD. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This review encompasses advice from recent guideline statements and evidence from the latest studies in FLD to provide an up-to-date manual for radiologists to aid the diagnosis of FLD on CT imaging in an MDT setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Horst
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, UK
| | | | - Arjun Nair
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, UK
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Pourhashemi SF, Sahraei H, Meftahi GH, Hatef B, Gholipour B. The Effect of 20 Minutes Scuba Diving on Cognitive Function of Professional Scuba Divers. Asian J Sports Med 2016; 7:e38633. [PMID: 27826405 PMCID: PMC5098272 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.38633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity increases the performance of the nervous system by stimulating the body's metabolism and improving the efficiency of the ATP production system. OBJECTIVES In the present study, the effect of twenty minutes scuba diving in high depth (10m) on cognitive function and stress system activity was investigated. METHODS Twelve professional scuba divers with a mean age of 23 ± 1 year, weight of 80 ± 2.5 kg and height of 1.79 ± 3.5 cm resident in the city of Mashhad participated in the test. Their cognitive functions were measured 60 min before and 20 min after diving and the data were evaluated using the PASAT software. In the present study, parameters such as general mental health, sustained attention, average response speed, and mental fatigue were measured. Moreover, in order to determine the activity of the stress system, their salivary cortisol was collected before and after diving. RESULTS Results revealed that, the general mental health of these scuba divers was normal and it did not undergo a remarkable change after diving. Their average response speed and sustained attention had a significant decrease after scuba diving. Mental fatigue after diving increased. Also, salivary cortisol level significantly increased after diving. CONCLUSIONS According to our data, it seems that scuba diving as stress stimulant increases cortisol level and therefore reduces cognitive performance after diving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hedayat Sahraei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Meftahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Gholam Hossein Meftahi, Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2126127286, E-mail:
| | - Boshra Hatef
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Bahareh Gholipour
- Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, IR Iran
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Mirsadeghi A, Farrokhi F, Fazli-Shahri A, Gholipour B. Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst: a case report. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2014; 28:56. [PMID: 25405122 PMCID: PMC4219886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchogenic cysts are among developmental disorders of the primitive foregut which are typically found above the diaphragm. Bronchial cysts discovered in the abdominal cavity or retroperitoneum are extremely rare. We present a rare case of a retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst which was incidentally detected after a wrestling injury in a 23-year-old man who had a negative medical history. Although initial imaging studies suggested an adrenal tumor, histopathological analysis provided a definite diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst. Though rare, bronchogenic cysts must be considered in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal cystic lesions. This is the first case of a retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst reported in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirsadeghi
- 1. MD, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery Medicine, 22 Bahman Hospital, Mashhad Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Farid Farrokhi
- 2. MD, Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Fazli-Shahri
- 3. Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Gholipour
- 4. Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
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Sones CL, Feinaeugle M, Sposito A, Gholipour B, Eason RW. Laser-Induced Forward Transfer-printing of focused ion beam pre-machined crystalline magneto-optic yttrium iron garnet micro-discs. Opt Express 2012; 20:15171-15179. [PMID: 22772215 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.015171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present femtosecond laser-induced forward transfer of focused ion beam pre-machined discs of crystalline magneto-optic yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films. Debris-free circular micro-discs with smooth edges and surface uniformity have been successfully printed. The crystalline nature of the printed micro-discs has not been altered by the LIFT printing process, as was confirmed via micro-Raman measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Sones
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Orava J, Greer AL, Gholipour B, Hewak DW, Smith CE. Characterization of supercooled liquid Ge2Sb2Te5 and its crystallization by ultrafast-heating calorimetry. Nat Mater 2012; 11:279-83. [PMID: 22426461 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is widely used to study the stability of amorphous solids, characterizing the kinetics of crystallization close to the glass-transition temperature T(g). We apply ultrafast DSC to the phase-change material Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) (GST) and show that if the range of heating rates is extended to more than 10(4) K s(-1), the analysis can cover a wider temperature range, up to the point where the crystal growth rate approaches its maximum. The growth rates that can be characterized are some four orders of magnitude higher than in conventional DSC, reaching values relevant for the application of GST as a data-storage medium. The kinetic coefficient for crystal growth has a strongly non-Arrhenius temperature dependence, revealing that supercooled liquid GST has a high fragility. Near T(g) there is evidence for decoupling of the crystal-growth kinetics from viscous flow, matching the behaviour for a fragile liquid suggested by studies on oxide and organic systems.
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