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Schrammel JC, König M, Frommer M, Andersen KS, Kirsten M, Seifert R, Neumann D, Schirmer B. Histamine H 1- and H 4-receptor expression in human colon-derived cell lines. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023; 396:3683-3693. [PMID: 37300703 PMCID: PMC10643376 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we demonstrated the involvement of H4R in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBD-associated colon cancer in mice and could ascribe H4R-mediated histamine function to colon epithelial cells. The transferability of obtained data to humans is however lacking. Functional expression of H4R on colon epithelial cells is a prerequisite to pursue the hypothesis of involvement of H4R in carcinogenesis. Thus, we here compared the expression of histamine receptor subtypes in a series of cell lines. Out of these, three colon-derived cell lines displaying different combinations of H1R and H4R expression were submitted to functional analyses. Human hematopoietic HMC-1, HL-60, and U937, lung-derived A549 and Calu-3, and colorectal LoVo, SW 480, Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT116 cells were included in the study. mRNA expression was quantified by RT-qPCR. For functional analyses, Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT116 cells were treated by incubation with 1 - 10 µM histamine in the presence or absence of selective histamine receptor antagonists. Calcium mobilization, cAMP accumulation, and cell proliferation were measured by fluorimetry, mass spectrometry, and real-time bioimpedance measurements, respectively. Histamine receptor expression was heterogeneous in the cell lines tested. In most cell lines, we detected H1R mRNA while H4R mRNAs were found only occasionally. The colon-derived epithelial cell lines LoVo, SW480, and HT-29 expressed H1R mRNA exclusively, while in HCT116 cells H1R and H4R mRNAs and in CaCo-2 H2R mRNA were detectable. Subsequent functional analyses in HT29, Caco-2, and HCT116 cells, however, indicated that only HT-29 responded to histamine stimulation, by means of H1R. For a detailed analysis of histamine receptor function, esp. that of H1R and H4R, in human colon-derived cell lines, the cell lines tested here are not fully convenient unless genetically modified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin König
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam Frommer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marla Kirsten
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany.
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Schirmer B, Giehl K, Kubatzky KF. Report of the 24th Meeting on Signal Transduction 2021. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042015. [PMID: 35216127 PMCID: PMC8877372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The annual meeting “Signal Transduction—Receptors, Mediators and Genes” of the Signal Transduction Society (STS) is an interdisciplinary conference which is open to all scientists sharing a common interest in the elucidation of the signaling pathways mediating physiological or pathological processes in the health and disease of humans, animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and protists. The 24th meeting on signal transduction was held from 15 to 17 November 2021 in Weimar, Germany. As usual, keynote presentations by invited scientists introduced the respective workshops, and were followed by speakers chosen from the submitted abstracts. A special workshop focused on “Target Identification and Interaction”. Ample time was reserved for the discussion of the presented data during the workshops. Unfortunately, due to restrictions owing to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the poster sessions—and thus intensive scientific discussions at the posters—were not possible. In this report, we provide a concise summary of the various workshops and further aspects of the scientific program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Schirmer
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Klaudia Giehl
- Signaltransduktion Zellulärer Motilität, Innere Medizin V, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Katharina F. Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-38361
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3
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Seifert R, Schirmer B. cCMP and cUMP come into the spotlight, finally. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:461-463. [PMID: 35031198 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
cCMP and cUMP have been identified in numerous biological systems and proposed to serve as second messengers. However, this proposal remained controversial because of the base-promiscuity of generators, effectors, phosphodiesterases, and bacterial toxins. With the identification of specific cytidylyl and uridylyl cyclases, cCMP and cUMP research enters a new era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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4
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Seifert R, Schirmer B. Correction to: Why Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology abandons traditional names of drug classes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1983. [PMID: 34283275 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Seifert R, Schirmer B. Why Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology abandons traditional names of drug classes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1321-1325. [PMID: 34159409 PMCID: PMC8233287 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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6
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Seifert R, Schirmer B. A case to stop the use of the term 'antibiotics'. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:963-966. [PMID: 33895061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The word 'antibiotics' is an historical, but imprecise, term. Today, 'antibiotics' are also used for other indications and 'non-antibiotics' are repurposed for infectious diseases. This situation calls for a revision of antipathogenic drug terminology. The use of correct terms will facilitate rational antipathogenic treatment and understanding of drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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Seifert R, Schirmer B. A simple mechanistic terminology of psychoactive drugs: a proposal. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1331-1339. [PMID: 32535698 PMCID: PMC7351828 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants, antiepileptics, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics are extremely broadly used psychoactive drugs. These drug terms are universally used in the literature. However, the indications of these drugs have broadened substantially and overlap. The mismatch between drug classification and clinical uses causes a lot of confusion in communication and renders literature searches increasingly difficult. Therefore, we propose to drop the above terms altogether and replace them by simple mechanistic terms. Antidepressants are re-named as norepinephrine/serotonin (NE/5-HT) enhancers, antiepileptics comprising drugs with different mechanisms become neuronal inhibitors with pleiotropic effects (NIPEs), and antipsychotics become antagonists at multiple G protein-coupled receptors (mGPCR antagonists). Alkali metal ions, comprising lithium, are integrated into NIPEs. The terms "typical/first-generation/conventional" and "atypical/second-generation/non-conventional" antipsychotics should be dropped, because the original criterion for distinction, i.e., the presence and absence of extrapyramidal motor effects, respectively, is not valid anymore. The suggested changes in drug nomenclature have already been implemented into a recent textbook (Seifert R, Basic Knowledge of Pharmacology). The revised nomenclature ensures consistency with other fields of pharmacology and assignment of drug classes to indications without causing confusion. The authors acknowledge that the change in drug nomenclature is a cultural process that will take time and openly discuss the problems associated with the proposal. Ultimately, international learned societies will have to agree on a new nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Schirmer B, Giehl K, Kubatzky KF. Report of the 23rd Meeting on Signal Transduction 2019-Trends in Cancer and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082728. [PMID: 32326408 PMCID: PMC7215334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The annual meeting "Signal Transduction-Receptors, Mediators and Genes" of the Signal Transduction Society (STS) is an interdisciplinary conference open to all scientists sharing the common interest in elucidating the signalling pathways underlying the physiological or pathological processes in health and disease of humans, animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes and protists. The 23rd meeting on signal transduction was held from 4-6 November 2019 in Weimar, Germany, and focused on "Trends in Cancer and Infection". As usual, keynote presentations by invited scientists introduced the respective workshops and were followed by speakers chosen from the submitted abstracts. Ample time had been reserved for discussion of the presented data during the workshops. In this report, we provide a concise summary of the various workshops and further aspects of the scientific program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-3875
| | - Klaudia Giehl
- Signal Transduction of Cellular Motility, Internal Medicine V, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Katharina F. Kubatzky
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
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Schirmer B, Rother T, Bruesch I, Bleich A, Werlein C, Jonigk D, Seifert R, Neumann D. Genetic Deficiency of the Histamine H 4-Receptor Reduces Experimental Colorectal Carcinogenesis in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040912. [PMID: 32276475 PMCID: PMC7226035 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a severe complication of inflammatory bowel diseases, is a common type of cancer and accounts for high mortality. CRC can be modeled in mice by application of the tumor promoter, azoxymethane (AOM), in combination with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), which are able to induce colitis-like manifestations. Active colitis correlates with high mucosal concentrations of histamine, which, together with the histamine receptor subtype 4 (H4R), provide a pro-inflammatory function in a mouse colitis model. Here, we analyzed whether H4R is involved in the pathogenesis of AOM/DSS-induced CRC in mice. As compared to wild type (WT) mice, AOM/DSS-treated mice lacking H4R expression (TM) demonstrate ameliorated signs of CRC, i.e., significantly reduced loss of body weight, stiffer stool consistency, and less severe perianal bleeding. Importantly, numbers and diameters of tumors and the degree of colonic inflammation are dramatically reduced in TM mice as compared to WT mice. This is concomitant with a reduced colonic inflammatory response involving expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and the production of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) and CXCL2. We conclude that H4R is involved in the tumorigenesis of chemically-induced CRC in mice via cyclooxygenase 2 expression and, probably, CXCL1 and CXCL2 as effector molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tamina Rother
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Partner site BREATH, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Bruesch
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Bleich
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Werlein
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-4082
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10
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Kwak M, Mehaffey JH, Hsu A, Hawkins RB, Schirmer B, Hallowell PT. Discussion on: Bariatric surgery is associated with reduction in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity matched analysis. Am J Surg 2020; 219:508. [PMID: 32037049 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Schirmer B, Lindemann L, Bittkau KS, Isaev R, Bösche D, Juchem M, Seifert R, Neumann D. Mouse Colonic Epithelial Cells Functionally Express the Histamine H 4 Receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:167-174. [PMID: 32029576 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that, in mice, histamine via the histamine receptor subtype 4 (H4R) on colon epithelial cells affects epithelial barrier integrity, perturbing physiologic function of the colonic mucosa and thus aggravating the severity of colitis. To test this hypothesis, bone marrow-chimeric mice were generated from H4R knockout (H4R-/-) and wild-type (WT) BALB/cJ mice and subjected to the dextrane sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis model. Clinical symptoms and pathohistological derangements were scored. Additionally, total RNA was extracted from either mouse whole-colon homogenates or primary cell preparations enriched for epithelial cells, and gene expression was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The impact of the H4R on epithelial barrier function was assessed by measurement of transepithelial electrical resistence of organoid-derived two-dimensional monolayers from H4R-/- and WT mice using chopstick electrodes. Bone marrow-chimeric mice with genetic depletion of the H4R in nonhematopoietic cells exhibited less severe DSS-induced acute colitis symptoms compared with WT mice, indicating a functional proinflammatory expression of H4R in nonimmune cells of the colon. Analysis of H4R expression revealed the presence of H4R mRNA in colon epithelial cells. This expression could be confirmed and complemented by functional analyses in organoid-derived epithelial cell monolayers. Thus, we conclude that the H4R is functionally expressed in mouse colon epithelial cells, potentially modulating mucosal barrier integrity and intestinal inflammatory reactions, as was demonstrated in the DSS-induced colitis model, in which presence of the H4R on nonhematopoietic cells aggravated the inflammatory phenotype. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is functionally expressed on mouse colon epithelial cells, thereby aggravating dextrane sodium sulfate-induced colitis in BALB/cJ mice. Histamine via the H4R reduces transepithelial electrical resistance of colon epithelial monolayers, indicating a function of H4R in regulation of epithelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luisa Lindemann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Rukijat Isaev
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Bösche
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Juchem
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Munder A, Rothschuh J, Schirmer B, Klockgether J, Kaever V, Tümmler B, Seifert R, Kloth C. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoY phenotype of high-copy-number recombinants is not detectable in natural isolates. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.170250. [PMID: 29386405 PMCID: PMC5795057 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotidyl cyclase ExoY is an effector protein of the type III secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We compared the cyclic nucleotide production and lung disease phenotypes caused by the ExoY-overexpressing strain PA103ΔexoUexoT::Tc pUCPexoY, its vector control strain PA103ΔexoUexoT::Tc pUCP18, its loss-of-function control PA103ΔexoUexoT::Tc pUCPexoY K81M and natural ExoY-positive and ExoY-negative isolates in a murine acute airway infection model. Only the P. aeruginosa carrier of the exoY-plasmid produced high levels of cUMP and caused the most severe course of infection. The pathology ascribed to ExoY from studies using the high-copy-number plasmid on mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo was not observed with natural P. aeruginosa isolates. This indicates that the role of ExoY during infection with real-life P. aeruginosa still needs to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Munder
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany .,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Justin Rothschuh
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Klockgether
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Kloth
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Schirmer B, Giehl K, Kubatzky KF. Report of the Signal Transduction Society Meeting 2018-Signaling: From Past to Future. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010227. [PMID: 30626122 PMCID: PMC6337256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The annual meeting “Signal Transduction—Receptors, Mediators, and Genes” of the Signal Transduction Society (STS) is an interdisciplinary conference open to all scientists sharing the common interest in elucidating signaling pathways in physiological or pathological processes in humans, animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and protists. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the STS, the 22nd joint meeting took place in Weimar from 5–7 November 2018. With the focus topic “Signaling: From Past to Future” the evolution of the multifaceted research concerning signal transduction since foundation of the society was highlighted. Invited keynote speakers introduced the respective workshop topics and were followed by numerous speakers selected from the submitted abstracts. All presentations were lively discussed during the workshops. Here, we provide a concise summary of the various workshops and further aspects of the scientific program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Schirmer
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Klaudia Giehl
- Signaltransduktion zellulärer Motilität, Innere Medizin V, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Schirmer B, Bringmann L, Seifert R, Neumann D. In vivo Evidence for Partial Activation of Eosinophils via the Histamine H 4-Receptor: Adoptive Transfer Experiments Using Eosinophils From H 4R -/- and H 4R +/+ Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2119. [PMID: 30319608 PMCID: PMC6167465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous in vitro studies revealed that histamine via histamine the H4-receptors (H4R), as compared to other stimuli, such as eotaxin or formylpeptides, rather partially activates eosinophilic granulocytes (eosinophils). In order to evaluate the H4R-mediated activation of eosinophils in vivo, we employed dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, closely resembling human ulcerative colitis (UC), which is largely characterized by a local eosinophilic infiltration of the colon. IL-5-deficient BALB/c mice served as a model with reduced endogenous numbers of eosinophils, in which wild-type (H4R+/+) or H4R-deficient (H4R−/−) eosinophils were adoptively transferred during the course of DSS-induced colitis. During the 1-week observation period, transfer of eosinophils transiently reversed the acute clinical colitis-like phenotype (body weight loss, perianal bleeding, soft stool consistency) resulting from IL-5-deficiency. This reversion was significantly more pronounced upon transfer of eosinophils from H4R+/+ mice as compared to those from H4R−/− mice. Already at the end of the observation period, the clinical effects of the transfer of H4R+/+ and H4R−/− eosinophils became similar, as were the results of the histological examination of the cola and the analyses of cytokine production in cola and in re-stimulated lymph node cells performed at this time. Thus, analyzing clinical and pathological parameters representative of colitis in this model, we demonstrate that as well as in vitro, also in vivo histamine via the H4R only partially activates eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luisa Bringmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Schirmer B, Giehl K, Kubatzky KF. Report of the Signal Transduction Society Meeting 2017-Metabolism in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020549. [PMID: 29439515 PMCID: PMC5855771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The annual “Joint Meeting Signal Transduction—Receptors, Mediators and Genes” of the Signal Transduction Society (STS) aims to be an interdisciplinary forum for researchers who share a common interest in deciphering signal transduction pathways in normal or transformed cells, in health and disease, in humans and animal models, or in plants or bacteria. The special focus of the 21st annual Joint Meeting, which took place from 8–10 November 2017 in Weimar, was the topic “Metabolism in Health and Disease” and covered multiple aspects of this highly exciting and fast developing research field. Invited keynote speakers introduced the impact of metabolism on tumor immunology, immune cell signaling, and posttranslational modifications in three specific workshops to the audience. Various other aspects of signal transduction were intensively discussed in five additional workshops. Here, we give an overview of the various workshops and further aspects of the scientific program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Schirmer
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Klaudia Giehl
- Signaltransduktion Zellulärer Motilität, Innere Medizin V, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wunschel EJ, Schirmer B, Seifert R, Neumann D. Lack of Histamine H 4-Receptor Expression Aggravates TNBS-Induced Acute Colitis Symptoms in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:642. [PMID: 28955241 PMCID: PMC5601386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a growing health problem worldwide, severely affecting patients’ life qualities and life expectancies. Therapeutic options, which are rare and focus on symptoms associated with the disease, suffer from increasing numbers of patients refractory to the established strategies. Thus, in order to generate new therapeutic regimens, the detailed understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms causing IBD is necessary. Histamine is an inflammatory mediator associated with IBD. Four histamine receptors are currently known of which the histamine H4-receptor (H4R) has been shown to possess a pro-inflammatory function in several experimental models of inflammatory diseases, including dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. No single model reflects the complexity of human IBD, but each model provides valuable information on specific aspects of IBD pathogenesis. While DSS-induced colitis mostly relies on innate immune mechanisms, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rather reflects T-cell mechanisms. Consequently, an observation made in a single model has to be verified in at least one other model. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the effect of genetic blockade of H4R-signaling in mice subjected to the model of TNBS-induced acute colitis. We analyzed severity and progression of clinical signs of colitis, as well as histopathologic alterations in the colon and local cytokine production. Genetic ablation of H4R expression worsened clinical signs of acute colitis and histological appearance of colon inflammation after TNBS application. Moreover, TNBS instillation enhanced local synthesis of inflammatory mediators associated with a neutrophilic response, i.e., CXCL1, CXCL2, and interleukin-6. Lastly, also myeloperoxidase concentration, indicative for the presence of neutrophils, was elevated in cola of TNBS-treated mice due to the absence of H4R expression. Our results indicate an anti-inflammatory role of histamine via H4R in TNBS-induced acute neutrophilic colitis in mice, thus questioning the strategy of pharmacological H4R blocked as new therapeutic option for patients suffering from IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J Wunschel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical SchoolHanover, Germany
| | - Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical SchoolHanover, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical SchoolHanover, Germany
| | - Detlef Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical SchoolHanover, Germany
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Schirmer B, Wedekind D, Glage S, Neumann D. Deletion of IL-18 Expression Ameliorates Spontaneous Kidney Failure in MRLlpr Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140173. [PMID: 26465326 PMCID: PMC4605611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus is still not definitively solved. In this study, we generated MRLlpr mice, which develop a disease resembling systemic lupus erythematosus, genetically devoid of IL-18 expression. These mice in comparison to IL-18-competent MRLlpr mice show reduced signs of renal pathogenesis, while other parameters such as mean survival time, lymphadenopathy, constitutive interferon-γ production, and frequency of CD3+B220+ abnormal T cells were without differences. We conclude that in the systemic lupus erythematosus syndrom IL-18 is involved specifically in the renal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Wedekind
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Schirmer B, Rezniczek T, Seifert R, Neumann D. Proinflammatory role of the histamine H4 receptor in dextrane sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:102-9. [PMID: 26365468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which severely affects patients' life qualities and even life expectancies. The cause of the ailment is unknown and a profound understanding of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms is still lacking. The biogenic amine histamine is one of several inflammatory mediators, to which a pathogenetic role in IBD has been attributed. Out of the four known histamine receptors, the histamine H4 receptor (H4R) has been demonstrated to act proinflammatory in experimental models of several inflammatory diseases. In order to evaluate a potential involvement of H4R in IBD we investigated the effect of genetic or pharmacological blockade of H4R-signaling in the model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. We analysed severity and progression of clinical signs of colitis, as well as histopathologic alterations in the colons and systemic or local cytokine concentrations. Both genetic deficiency and pharmacological blockade of H4R with the selective antagonist JNJ7777120 improved clinical and histological signs of colitis and dampened the inflammatory cytokine response. Our results indicate a proinflammatory role of histamine via H4R in IBD, thus extending the current pathophysiological understanding of IBD and demonstrating the therapeutic potential of selective H4R-antagonists for patients suffering from IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Rezniczek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Bähre H, Hartwig C, Munder A, Wolter S, Stelzer T, Schirmer B, Beckert U, Frank DW, Tümmler B, Kaever V, Seifert R. cCMP and cUMP occur in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:909-14. [PMID: 25838203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells contain the cyclic pyrimidine nucleotides cCMP and cUMP. It is unknown whether these tentative new second messenger molecules occur in vivo. We used high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry to quantitate nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic monophosphates. cCMP was detected in all organs studied, most notably pancreas, spleen and the female reproductive system. cUMP was not detected in organs, probably due to the intrinsically low sensitivity of mass spectrometry to detect this molecule and organ matrix effects. Intratracheal infection of mice with recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa harboring the nucleotidyl cyclase toxin ExoY massively increased cUMP in lung. The identity of cCMP and cUMP in organs was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. cUMP also appeared in serum, urine and faeces following infection. Taken together, this report unequivocally shows for the first time that cCMP and cUMP occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Bähre
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Christina Hartwig
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Antje Munder
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sabine Wolter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Tane Stelzer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bastian Schirmer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Beckert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Dara W Frank
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Munder A, Hartwig C, Schirmer B, Stelzer T, Tümmler B, Seifert R. The effector protein ExoY secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa augments the inflammatory reaction in the respiratory tract of mice. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1376788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zeckey C, Andruszkow H, Neunaber C, Frink M, Schirmer B, Mommsen P, Barkhausen T, Krettek C, Hildebrand F. Protective effects of finasteride on the pulmonary immune response in a combined model of trauma-hemorrhage and polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Cytokine 2011; 56:305-11. [PMID: 21767963 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Literature supports findings about a gender specific outcome following multiple trauma. Male sex hormones such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exert deleterious effects on the posttraumatic immune response whereas increased estradiol concentrations are correlated with improved outcome. Pretreatment with the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride resulted in an improved outcome following trauma-hemorrhage (TH) in mice. The present study tested the hypothesis that finasteride exerts beneficial effects on the posttraumatic immune response also in a combined setting of TH and sepsis when administered during the resuscitation process. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male C57BL/6N-mice were subjected to TH (blood pressure, 35 mm Hg, 60 min) followed by finasteride application and fluid resuscitation. Thereafter, finasteride was administered every 12h. 24h after TH, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham operation was performed. Plasma cytokines (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6), productive capacity by alveolar macrophages (AM) and systemic estradiol levels were determined 4 h thereafter. The expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in lung tissue was evaluated by PCR. Pulmonary infiltration of PMN was determined by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Finasteride treatment resulted in a reduced posttraumatic cytokine secretion of AM as well as in a decreased concentration of MCP-1 and MIP-1β in lung tissue. Systemic estradiol levels were increased following finasteride treatment. CONCLUSION Finasteride mediates salutary effects on the pulmonary immune response using a therapeutical approach following TH-CLP in mice. Thus, finasteride might represent a relevant therapeutic substance following major trauma also in the clinical setting.
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Gould J, Ellsmere J, Fanelli R, Hutter M, Jones S, Pratt J, Schauer P, Schirmer B, Schwaitzberg S, Jones DB. Panel report: best practices for the surgical treatment of obesity. Surg Endosc 2010; 25:1730-40. [PMID: 21136099 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-010-1487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is a rapidly growing field. Advances in surgical technologies and techniques have raised concerns about patient safety. Bariatric surgeons and programs are under increased scrutiny from regulatory agencies, insurers, and public health officials to provide high quality and safe care for bariatric patients at all phases of care. METHODS During the 2009 annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), a panel of experts convened to provide updated information on patient safety and best practices in bariatric surgery. The following article is a summary of this panel presentation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Weight loss surgery is a field that is evolving and adapting to multiple external pressures. Safety concerns along with increasing public scrutiny have led to a systematic approach to defining best practices, creating standards of care, and identifying mechanisms to ensure that patients consistently receive the best and most effective care possible. In many ways, bariatric surgery and multidisciplinary bariatric surgery programs may serve as a model for other programs and surgical specialties in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gould
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, 600 Highland Avenue, H4/726 Clinical Science Center, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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Bonatti H, Schmitt T, Northup J, Schirmer B, Swenson BR, Pruett TL, Sawyer RG, Brayman K. Laparoscopic gastric banding in a kidney-pancreas transplant recipient with new onset type II diabetes mellitus associated with morbid obesity. Clin Transplant 2008; 22:829-32. [PMID: 18713268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2008.00873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Combined kidney-pancreas transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage diabetic nephropathy. Post-transplant weight gain increases the risk for post-transplant complications and death owing to cardiovascular events. Gastric banding is an established treatment for moderate morbid obesity. We report on a patient who experienced significant weight gain and developed type II diabetes mellitus following successful kidney-pancreas transplantation. He underwent laparoscopic gastric banding and initially had good weight loss. However, lack of compliance with dietary guidelines led to transient failure of weight loss therapy. With further adjustment of the gastric band good weight loss was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bonatti
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Grässel E, Schirmer B. [The use of volunteers to support family carers of dementia patients: results of a prospective longitudinal study investigating expectations towards and experience with training and professional support]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2006; 39:217-26. [PMID: 16794887 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-006-0313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Caring for a dementia patient in the family often turns out to be a full-time job for family carers. So home visitors-for example volunteers spending time with the patient and thus offering some respite to the family-may be a very important aspect of stabilizing home care. This study investigates the expectations of volunteers concerning their training and their future voluntary work, as well as their visiting experiences, and their reasons for stopping the voluntary work. A total of 40 volunteers were interviewed three times over a 18 month period. The interviews were based on interview guidelines and were problem-centered. The interviewees' replies were subject to a summarizing qualitative content analysis. Of the study participants 85% were women, 48% had previously been family carers themselves, and 50% had previous experience of other voluntary work. Their wish "to do something useful" and "to learn more about dementia" were the main reasons for participation in voluntary work. The interviewed persons tend to learn most about communicating with dementia patients through case studies and practical exercises. Work pressures or restarting employment were the most common reasons to stop the voluntary work. Only if the volunteers are supported by professionals--particularly in the form of a contact person who is always available when problems occur--can this type of respite for family carers be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Grässel
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Bereich Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Alzheimer Gesellschaft Mittelfranken e.V., Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Abstract
Laparoscopy has meant profound changes for the field of bariatric surgery. Bariatric operations, which are technically difficult because of the patient population, were not performed laparoscopically until the last 5 years of the 20th century. The years 1998 to 2003, herein defined as the Bariatric Revolution, saw profound changes in the way bariartric surgery was practiced. Major changes in patient education, public awareness, patient enthusiasm, popularity of the surgery, and academic acceptance of bariatric surgery occurred during this time. This led to such a massive increase in procedures performed that there was a reactionary movement by insurers to deny coverage for these procedures. Limitation of access to care and other important socioeconomic issues are now being debated and confronted in the bariatric arena. Recommendations for the field are suggested. The outcomes of these controversies will potentially have a profound impact on all of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schirmer
- Dept. of Surgery, Health Sciences Center, Box 800709, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Nguyen NT, Morton JM, Wolfe BM, Schirmer B, Ali M, Traverso LW. The SAGES Bariatric Surgery Outcome Initiative. Surg Endosc 2005; 19:1429-38. [PMID: 16206007 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-005-0301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent initiative for identifying centers of excellence in bariatric surgery calls for documentation of surgical outcomes. The SAGES Outcomes Initiative is a national database introduced in 1999 as a method for surgeons to accumulate and compare their data with summary national data. A bariatric-specific dataset was established later in 2001. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of bariatric surgery from the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons' (SAGES) bariatric database with data derived from a national administrative database of academic centers. METHODS Between 2001 and 2004, 24 surgeons with 1,954 patients participated in the SAGES Bariatric Outcome Initiative, and 97 institutions with 42,847 patients participated in the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) database. Only 7 of the 24 surgeons participating in the SAGES Bariatric Outcome Initiative submitted more than 50 cases. The main outcome measures included demographics, comorbidities, type of bariatric procedure, operative time, length of hospital stay, short- and long-term complications, mortality, and weight loss. RESULTS Both datasets were comparable for gender. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass had been performed for 88% of the patients in the SAGES database and 96% of the patients in the UHC database. Associated comorbidities were similar between the two groups except for a higher rate of hyperlipidemia for the patients in the SAGES database. The SAGES database contains more bariatric-specific information such as body mass index, operative time, blood loss, bariatric-specific complications, long-term complications, and weight loss data than the UHC database. According to the available data, no statistically significant differences exist between the two datasets in terms of perioperative complications and mortality. CONCLUSIONS The SAGES Bariatric Outcome Initiative provides valuable bariatric-specific data not currently available in an administrative database that may be useful for benchmarking purposes. However, this database is currently underutilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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Jones DB, Provost DA, DeMaria EJ, Smith CD, Morgenstern L, Schirmer B. Optimal management of the morbidly obese patient SAGES appropriateness conference statement. Surg Endosc 2004; 18:1029-37. [PMID: 15162240 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-004-8132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2004] [Accepted: 03/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing health problem that contributes to numerous life-threatening or disabling disorders, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, degenerative joint disease, and obstructive sleep apnea. Significant weight reduction in the morbidly obese improves or reverses associated illness and benefits well-being. The purpose of the SAGES Appropriateness Conference was to summarize the state of the art for open and laparoscopic operations for the morbidly obese. METHODS The English literature comparing bariatric procedures was reviewed and grouped by level of evidence by three surgeons (BS, LV, and CC). From more than 1,500 articles, all conference participants were provided with reprints and table summaries of no less than 50 selected manuscripts. Ten experts were requested to present reviews and make evidence-based arguments for and against the open and laparoscopic approaches in written format. An expert panel of six surgeons, including an ethicist and patient, commented on implications of data presented. The finalized statement was e-mailed to all participants for approval and comment. RESULTS Consensus statements were achieved on various aspects of morbid obesity, including indications for surgery, resolution of comorbid illnesses with significant weight loss, and the importance of committed bariatric program. Our panel of experts agreed, in general, to the advantages of laparoscopic approaches compared to open operations in skilled hands. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) affords improved short-term recovery compared to open gastric bypass. Laparoscopic adjustable banding can be performed with lower average mortality than either RYGB or any of the malabsorptive operations, and it produces variable degrees of short-term weight loss. Prospective randomized trials are needed to compare gastric bypass, malabsorptive, and restrictive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Jones
- Harvard Medical School, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Bariatric Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schirmer
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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Fontaine J, Hörr J, Schirmer B. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy enables the fast and accurate prediction of the essential amino acid contents in soy, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, peas, fishmeal, meat meal products, and poultry meal. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:57-66. [PMID: 11170560 DOI: 10.1021/jf000946s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations were developed to enable the accurate and fast prediction of the total contents of methionine, cystine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, and other essential amino acids, protein, and moisture in the most important protein-rich feed ingredients. More than 1000 samples of global origin collected over four years were analyzed on amino acids following the official methods of the United States and the European Union. Detailed data and graphics are given to characterize the obtained calibration equations. NIRS was validated with independent samples for soy and meat meal products and compared to the amino acid predictions using linear crude protein regressions. With a few exceptions, validation showed that 85-98% of the amino acid variance in the samples could be explained using NIRS. NIRS predictions compared to reference results agree excellently, with relative mean deviations below 5%. Especially for meat and poultry meals, NIRS can predict amino acids much better than crude protein regressions. By enabling the amino acid analysis of many samples to be completed in a short time, NIRS can improve the accuracy of feed formulation and thus the quality and production costs of mixed feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fontaine
- Degussa-Hüls AG Feed Additives Division, Applied Technology, P.O. Box 1345, D-63403 Hanau, Germany.
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Abstract
Performance on a visual discrimination task shows long-term improvement after a single training session. When tested within 24 hr of training, improvement was not observed unless subjects obtained at least 6 hr of posttraining sleep prior to retesting, in which case improvement was proportional to the amount of sleep in excess of 6 hr. For subjects averaging 8 hr of sleep, overnight improvement was proportional to the amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) in the first quarter of the night, as well as the amount of rapid eye movement sleep (REM) in the last quarter. REM during the intervening 4 hr did not appear to contribute to improvement. A two-step process, modeling throughput as the product of the amount of early SWS and late REM, accounts for 80 percent of intersubject variance. These results suggest that, in the case of this visual discrimination task, both SWS and REM are required to consolidate experience-dependent neuronal changes into a form that supports improved task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stickgold
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Edwards CS, Barwood GP, Gill P, Schirmer B, Venzke H, Melling A. Development of an IR tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer for trace humidity measurements at atmospheric pressure. Appl Opt 1999; 38:4699-4704. [PMID: 18323957 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.004699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of a laser diode absorption spectrometer that uses a strong water vapor absorption at 1393 nm is reported. Three spectroscopic techniques were compared in approximately 0.4 m of laboratory air, namely, frequency modulation, wavelength modulation, and two-tone frequency modulation spectroscopy. The first two techniques use a single-frequency modulation at 9.2 GHz and 1 kHz, respectively, generated either by a phase modulator operating at 9.2 GHz or injection current modulation at 1 kHz. The two-tone method requires modulation at two frequencies, in this case 9.19 and 9.21 GHz. It is shown that the two-tone method should provide the highest sensitivity for a trace moisture detection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Edwards
- Centre for Length Metrology, National Physical Laboratory, Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
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Schirmer B. SSAT/SAGES minimally invasive surgeryAdvanced laparoscopic hepatobiliary surgery. Surg Endosc 1998; 12:361. [PMID: 9543532 DOI: 10.1007/s004649900673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Schirmer
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Box 181, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Abstract
Intraoperative ultrasound, whether during celiotomy or laparoscopy, plays an important role in assisting the surgeon in directing appropriate therapy for intra-abdominal diseases, particularly primary or metastatic malignancies involving the liver and primary malignancies of the pancreas and upper gastrointestinal tract. It is the most sensitive imaging technique for detecting small intraparenchymal lesions of the liver, pancreas, and other solid organs. Owing to its increased sensitivity over all commonly used preoperative imaging studies, it is responsible for changing the intraoperative treatment plan of these tumors in a significant percentage of cases. This is particularly true with respect to resectability. In the era of laparoscopic surgery, it replaces the surgeon's inability to palpate the liver and other organs during surgery. As surgeons use a laparoscopic approach with increasing frequency to treat intra-abdominal disease, they will have an increasing need to master the use of intraoperative ultrasound in order to render optimal care to their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kolecki
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, USA
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Abstract
We examined the effect of comprehension questions that require analysis, synthesis, and evaluation on the reading comprehension of deaf children. The subjects were six deaf children ranging in age from 10 years, months to 12 years, 5 months. They were divided into four reading groups for the study. Quantitative analysis of the children's responses to comprehension questions indicated that the children could analyze, synthesize, and evaluate narrative text and their ability to do so did not need to be supported by answering questions related to story details. Qualitative analysis indicated that the children had some difficulty with seven reading tasks: locating pertinent information, applying relevant and accurate background knowledge, expressing themselves unambiguously, understanding the intent of the question, not relying too heavily or too little on background knowledge, considering consequential details, and providing sufficient answers.
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Weber W, Bischof A, Allenspach R, Back CH, Fassbender J, May U, Schirmer B, Jungblut RM, Güntherodt G, Hillebrands B. Structural relaxation and magnetic anisotropy in Co/Cu(001) films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:4075-4079. [PMID: 9986308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Fassbender J, May U, Schirmer B, Jungblut RM, Hillebrands B, Güntherodt G. Oscillatory surface in-plane lattice spacing during growth of Co and of Cu on a Cu(001) single crystal. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:4476-4479. [PMID: 10059918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ortega AE, Hunter JG, Peters JH, Swanstrom LL, Schirmer B. A prospective, randomized comparison of laparoscopic appendectomy with open appendectomy. Laparoscopic Appendectomy Study Group. Am J Surg 1995; 169:208-12; discussion 212-3. [PMID: 7840381 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(99)80138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy are clear, the benefits of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) are more subtle. We conducted a randomized clinical trial to evaluate whether LA is deserving of more widespread clinical application than it has yet received. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred fifty-three patients with a preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis were randomized into three groups. LA with an endoscopic linear stapler (LAS) (U.S. Surgical Corp., Norwalk, Connecticut) was performed on 78 patients, LA with catgut ligatures (LAL) on 89, and open appendectomy (OA) on 86. LA was performed with a three-trocar technique. OA was accomplished through a right lower-quadrant transverse incision. Data with normal distributions were analyzed by analysis of variance. Nonparametric data were analyzed with either the Kruskal-Wallis H test or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The mean operative times for the procedures were 66 +/- 24 minutes (LAS), 68 +/- 25 minutes (LAL), and 58 +/- 27 minutes (OA). The relative brevity of OA compared to LAS and LAL was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conversion to open procedures was approximately as frequent in the LAS group (n = 5) and the LAL (n = 6). One OA, 2 LAS, and 11 LAL patients experienced vomiting postoperatively (P < 0.05). Two intra-abdominal abscesses occurred in LAS, 4 in LAL, and 0 in OA patients (P = NS). Wound infections were more common following OA (n = 11) than LAL (n = 4) or LAS (n = 0) (P < 0.05, < 0.001). The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 2.16 +/- 3.2 days (LAS), 2.98 +/- 2.7 days (LAL), and 2.83 +/- 1.6 (OA) (P < 0.05 OA versus LAS). The number of days patients required pain medications overall was not different between groups, but a subgroup analysis of 134 patients who rated their postoperative pain on a visual analogue scale revealed a significantly lower mean level among patients undergoing LA (LAS and LAL) versus OA (P < 0.001). Patients undergoing LA resumed regular activities sooner than those undergoing OA (9 +/- 9 days versus 14 +/- 11 days, P < 0.001). Rates of readmission to the hospital were similar for all procedures. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic appendectomy appears to have distinct advantages over open appendectomy. The laparoscopic procedures produced less pain and allowed more rapid return to full activities, and LAS required shorter hospital stays. The only disadvantages to the laparoscopic approach were slightly increased operative time for both procedures, and increased emesis following LAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Ortega
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Schirmer B. The impact of laparoscopic surgery on health care delivery. Changes in the patterns of patient care. J Laparoendosc Surg 1993; 3:251-4. [PMID: 8347879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Schirmer
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA
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McCallum RW, Polepalle SC, Schirmer B. Completion gastrectomy for refractory gastroparesis following surgery for peptic ulcer disease. Long-term follow-up with subjective and objective parameters. Dig Dis Sci 1991; 36:1556-61. [PMID: 1935493 DOI: 10.1007/bf01296397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We recently have shown that 50% of patients with preoperative gastric outlet obstruction go on to develop chronic nonmechanical gastric stasis after surgery and require further operations in attempts to relieve their symptoms. In the present study we report our experience with completion gastrectomy (CG), offered to a subgroup of this population who failed to respond to both available and experimental medical therapy with prokinetic agents. Manometric studies of the small bowel were performed on three of these patients using a semiconductor solid recording probe to assess the motility of efferent jejunal limbs. There were seven females and one male (N = 8) with a mean age of 45 years. All had persistent symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, early satiety, decreased appetite, and weight loss dating back to the time of surgery. Gastric stasis was documented by delayed gastric emptying of a radionuclide solid meal (chicken liver labeled with technetium-99m sulfur colloid) with a mean retention of 86 +/- 6.2% (less than 60% being normal) in the setting of an upper endoscopy showing stomal patency. The mean duration of symptoms was 31.6 +/- 15.7 months (range 6-60) since the last surgery. The number of previous gastric operations was a mean of 2.3 per patient. Five of eight patients had undergone a Roux-en-Y procedure as the last operation while the other three had a Billroth II. Surgery consisted of a 90% or complete resection of the remaining stomach and a jejunal-esophageal anastomosis. In some cases the Roux-en-Y limb was lengthened to greater than 45 cm if needed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R W McCallum
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908
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Hemsworth P, Winfield C, Barnett J, Hansen C, Schirmer B, Foote M. The efficiency of boars to detect oestrous females housed adjacent to boars. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1591(87)90205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hemsworth P, Winfield C, Barnett J, Schirmer B, Hansen C. A comparison of the effects of two oestrus detection procedures and two housing systems on the oestrus detection rate of female pigs. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1591(86)90006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schirmer K, Schirmer B. [Effect of various occupational and industrial factors on the morbidity of young workers]. Z Gesamte Hyg 1985; 31:296-9. [PMID: 4049960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Schirmer B, Schirmer K. [Effect of the satisfaction of young adults with their occupation, job and life conditions on their morbidity]. Z Gesamte Hyg 1985; 31:300-2. [PMID: 4049961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Schirmer K, Schirmer B. [Effect of social factors and life style on work disability of young workers]. Z Gesamte Hyg 1984; 30:537-41. [PMID: 6516464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Schirmer K, Göbel U, Schirmer B. [Healthy life style, health status and disease status in young workers]. Z Gesamte Hyg 1984; 30:534-7. [PMID: 6516463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Proximal epicardial coronary artery luminal diameters were measured from silicone casts formed in situ in freshly excised hearts under a constant pressure of 100 mm Hg. Twenty-five coronary arteries from 15 normal dogs and 22 coronary arteries in 13 dogs with either chronic pressure or volume overload hypertrophy were studied. Mean left ventricular (LV) body weight ratios were 4.75 +/- 1.01 g/kg in the normal dogs, 8.4 +/- 1.7 g/kg in the pressure-overload dogs, and 6.2 +/- 0.6 g/kg in the volume-overload dogs. The cross-sectional area of the left circumflex (LC) coronary artery was determined at 11 branch sites. The ratio of the area of the branches to the area of the parent vessel was 1.095 +/- 0.105, indicating that the cross-sectional area after a branch point increased. A poor correlation existed between LV mass and coronary artery diameter in both normal and hypertrophy groups for the LC (r = 0.44), the left anterior descending (LAD) (r = 0.63), and the combined LC and LAD (r = 0.52). The mean cross-sectional area of the combined LC and LAD was 0.12 cm2 in the normal group and 0.15 cm2 in the hypertrophy group; this increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.13). When the mean cross-sectional area of the combined vessels was adjusted for heart weight, there was a decrease in the cross-sectional area/100 g of myocardium in the hypertrophy group compared with the control group. These data demonstrate that coronary artery luminal diameter in the dog does not increase commensurately with the increase in mass associated with myocardial hypertrophy.
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Quarfordt SH, Michalopoulos G, Schirmer B. The effect of human C apolipoproteins on the in vitro hepatic metabolism of triglyceride emulsions in the rat. J Biol Chem 1982; 257:14642-7. [PMID: 7174660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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