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Dorscheidt N, Gerretsen BM, Dobson P, Backus B. Improving resilience and reducing stress in emergency medicine physicians and residents by online training: a pilot study. Eur J Emerg Med 2024; 31:218-219. [PMID: 38661503 DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- N Dorscheidt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dijklander Hospital, Hoorn
| | - B M Gerretsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | - B Backus
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis en Vlietland, Rotterdam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Elisabeth Tweesteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg
- STROOM huisartsenzorg, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
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Backus B, Blaha J, Gupta M, Tran T, Dornbos B. Invited Session V: Binocular vision and interactions: Harnessing interactions within binocular vision to treat amblyopia. J Vis 2023; 23:22. [PMID: 38109626 DOI: 10.1167/jov.23.15.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inexpensive virtual reality (VR) headsets have enabled at-home therapy for binocular dysfunctions, including amblyopia. Healthy binocular vision is exquisite, which is achieved though interactions among various visual subsystems. As a result, however, binocular vision has multiple points of weakness, so development can go wrong in many different ways. Furthermore, the visual system has many ways it can adapt to dysfunctions to improve vision. It is therefore not surprising that amblyopias are idiosyncratic from one person to the next. Habitual interocular suppression is a typical adaption in amblyopia, and by treating suppression in VR, acuity can be improved by 0.1 to 0.2 logMAR. However, the amblyopic visual system shows complicated patterns of interaction between suppression, acuity, stereopsis, motor vergence, accommodation, and motion perception; and each of those subsystems is itself complex. Thus, to improve acuity and stereopsis in amblyopia, a multifaceted approach would seem more promising. In a VR headset, one can addresses suppression, stereopsis, vergence ability, and even accommodation, simultaneously. I will describe Vivid Vision's approach to this problem, along with preliminary results from independent researchers.
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Khand A, Obeidat M, Campbell M, Batouskaya K, Mullen L, Fisher M, Neoh K, Johnson C, Chew P, Carlton E, Backus B. Modified HEART score, utilising a single high-sensitive troponin sample, allows early, safe discharge of suspected acute coronary syndrome: a prospective multicentre cohort study of 3016 patients. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Combining HSTnT (high sensitive troponin T) values at low levels with composite risk scores may improve early safe, discharge in suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We tested this hypothesis by a prospective study of 3016 consecutive patients with suspected ACS in 2 large hospitals.
Methods
Consecutive chest pain (CP) presentations with HSTnT sampled and ECG undertaken at presentation were prospectively defined in 2 time periods (2011-12, n=1642 [derivation] 2018, n=1376 [validation]).
The HstnT input was modified: dichotomous HSTnT input was lowered to <5 (limit of detection, LOD) or ≥5ng/l (mod TIMI and GRACE), HEART score was re-calibrated (<5 = 0 [LOD], ≥5–14 = 1, >14 = 2 [99th percentile]). All biomarker positive CP index and re-admissions to any regional hospital (catchment population 2.6 million) were independently adjudicated for MI by 2 experienced physicians. Primary outcome was MACE (adjudicated type 1 MI, unplanned coronary revascularisation and all cause death) at 6 weeks.
Results
In the 2 cohorts demographic factors were similar: median age 59 and 56, male 52% and 52%, previous MI 20% and 14% for 2011-12 and 2018 respectively. At 6 weeks 180 (11%) and 75 (5.4%) suffered type 1 MI and 211 (12.9%) and 92 (6.7%) patients suffered MACE in the 2011-12 and 2018 cohorts respectively.
Only Mod HEART ≤3 and undetectable HSTnT, with a nonischaemic ECG, achieved prespecified NPV of >99.5% in both derivation and validation cohorts (table). However Modified HEART ≤3 score could discharge approximately 12% more patients as compared to undetectable HSTnT strategy.
Conclusion
Modified HEART score ≤3, with the use of a single HSTnT, appears the optimum early discharge strategy for suspected ACS
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Liverpool university Hospitals, North-West Educational Cardiac Group
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khand
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Obeidat
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Campbell
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - K Batouskaya
- Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Mullen
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Fisher
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - K Neoh
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Johnson
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P.G Chew
- Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - E Carlton
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - B Backus
- Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, Netherlands (The)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lawrence Cormack
- Center for Perceptual Systems, UT AustinInst. for Neuroscience, UT Austin
| | - Kathryn Bonnen
- Center for Perceptual Systems, UT AustinInst. for Neuroscience, UT Austin
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Cai LT, Backus B. Global motion perception is faster but less accurate with dark random-dot kinematograms. J Vis 2018. [DOI: 10.1167/18.10.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Backus
- Graduate Center for Vision Research, SUNY College of Optometry
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Cai L, Backus B. Effects of contrast polarity and binocularity on global motion discrimination. J Vis 2017. [DOI: 10.1167/17.10.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lanya Cai
- Graduate Center for Vision Research, SUNY College of Optometry
| | - Benjamin Backus
- Graduate Center for Vision Research, SUNY College of Optometry
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Cai LT, Yuan A, Backus B. Monocular gain control explains dichoptic benefit in binocular global motion perception. J Vis 2016. [DOI: 10.1167/16.12.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Backus B, Adiloğlu K, Herzke T. A Binaural CI Research Platform for Oticon Medical SP/XP Implants Enabling ITD/ILD and Variable Rate Processing. Trends Hear 2015; 19:19/0/2331216515618655. [PMID: 26721923 PMCID: PMC4771037 DOI: 10.1177/2331216515618655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first portable, binaural, real-time research platform compatible with Oticon Medical SP and XP generation cochlear implants. The platform consists of (a) a pair of behind-the-ear devices, each containing front and rear calibrated microphones, (b) a four-channel USB analog-to-digital converter, (c) real-time PC-based sound processing software called the Master Hearing Aid, and (d) USB-connected hardware and output coils capable of driving two implants simultaneously. The platform is capable of processing signals from the four microphones simultaneously and producing synchronized binaural cochlear implant outputs that drive two (bilaterally implanted) SP or XP implants. Both audio signal preprocessing algorithms (such as binaural beamforming) and novel binaural stimulation strategies (within the implant limitations) can be programmed by researchers. When the whole research platform is combined with Oticon Medical SP implants, interaural electrode timing can be controlled on individual electrodes to within ±1 µs and interaural electrode energy differences can be controlled to within ±2%. Hence, this new platform is particularly well suited to performing experiments related to interaural time differences in combination with interaural level differences in real-time. The platform also supports instantaneously variable stimulation rates and thereby enables investigations such as the effect of changing the stimulation rate on pitch perception. Because the processing can be changed on the fly, researchers can use this platform to study perceptual changes resulting from different processing strategies acutely.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Backus
- Oticon Medical, Vallauris, France
| | - K Adiloğlu
- HörTech gGmbH, Oldenburg, Germany Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Oldenburg, Germany
| | - T Herzke
- HörTech gGmbH, Oldenburg, Germany Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Oldenburg, Germany
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Cai LT, Yuan A, Backus B. Interactions among contrast, spatial displacement, and dichoptic viewing during binocular combination in global motion perception. J Vis 2015. [DOI: 10.1167/15.12.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Backus B, Caziot B. Vertical size disparity pooling across attended color and contrast. J Vis 2015. [DOI: 10.1167/15.12.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Cai LT, Huang I, Backus B. Monocular cuing does not modify interocular balance for dichoptic global motion perception. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Guay K, Salgado G, Thompson G, Backus B, Sapkota A, Chaya W, McGlone JJ. Behavior and handling of physically and immunologically castrated market pigs on farm and going to market. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5410-7. [PMID: 24045467 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical castration is a common management practice on commercial swine farms in the United States to reduce the incidence of boar taint and aggressive behavior. One alternative to physical castration (PC) is to immunologically castrate (IC) male pigs by blocking the gonadotropin-releasing factor (GnRF), thereby reducing levels of LH, FSH, testosterone, and androstenone. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of IC on pig behavior, human-pig interactions, and handling during and after transport. Pigs were given the first immunization at wk 7 of the grower-finisher period, and second immunizations were given at wk 11, 13, or 14 of the grower-finisher period. Behaviors of PC and IC barrows were sampled at 3 time points after entering finishing at 9 wk of age: 7 wk before first injection, 16 wk (after immunization was complete) into finishing, and 1 d before marketing (16 to 19 wk into finishing). Handling during loading and unloading of trailers going to market was also quantified. Before the first injection, intact males showed increased aggression (P=0.014) and mounting (P=0.048), whereas PC barrows spent more (P=0.003) time feeding than intact males. There were treatment×time interactions for lying (P=0.018), aggression (P<0.001), and standing (P=0.009) behaviors. Few differences were observed in pig-human interactions between PC and IC barrows, with IC and PC approaching people in the same amount of time, but IC barrows were more (P<0.001) aggressive in chewing and rubbing on the test person's pant leg and boots. When handling and loading for processing in the home barn, PC barrows were more (P<0.05) vocal than IC barrows. Fewer dead and down pigs were observed among IC (0%) compared with PC barrows (1.17%). Immunological castration may result in similar or improved animal welfare compared to the stress of physical castration without pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Guay
- Pork Industry Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409-2141
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Llerena Law C, Backus B, Yuan A, Natanelova O, Steele L, Tseng I, Cai L. Use of dichoptic random dot kinematograms to assess amblyopic suppression. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Adams-Bedford J, Wallis G, Backus B. The impact of intention, action, and learnt contingency on visual perception. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Cai LT, Yuan A, Backus B. Motion perception in RDK with signal and noise dots distributed across eyes. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Caziot B, Valsecchi M, Gegenfurtner K, Backus B. Stereoscopic Latency. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Llerena Law C, Backus B, Yuan A. An Efficient Objective Measure of Binocular Suppression in Adult Amblyopia. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Backus B, Caziot B. Motion from structure. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Law CL, Backus B, Caziot B. Improvement in Stereoacuity through Training with Correlated Cues. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jain A, Backus B. Cross-modal perceptual learning is non-trivial: synchronous and semantically plausible auditory cues were not recruited for a visual appearance task. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Harrison S, Backus B. Cue recruitment for the construction of perceptual appearance: World location competes with retinal location in an associative learning paradigm. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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van Dam L, Ernst M, Backus B. Pre-exposure interferes with perceptual learning for ambiguous stimuli. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Harrison S, Backus B. Disambiguating Necker cube rotation using a location cue: what types of spatial location signal can the visual system learn? J Vis 2010; 10:23. [PMID: 20884572 DOI: 10.1167/10.6.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The direction of rotation of a wire-frame (Necker) cube, which is perceptually bistable, can be trained to depend on stimulus location (Q. Haijiang, J. A. Saunders, R. W. Stone, & B. T. Backus, 2006). However, it is not known which aspects of "location" are important to this learning. We therefore explored "location" in a series of experiments that separately assessed testing venue, location relative to the observer, and location in the retinal image as types of location signal that could potentially be recruited by the visual system. Subjects were trained using wire-frame cubes with rotation direction disambiguated by depth cues. Training cubes were presented at two locations, rotating in opposite directions. On interleaved test trials, ambiguous monocular cubes were presented at the same two locations. The extent to which test cubes were perceived to rotate according to the trained location-rotation contingency was our measure of location-cue recruitment. We found that only retinal position was recruited as a cue for apparent rotation direction. Furthermore, the learned retinal location cue was robust to ocular transfer. Our findings are consistent with a relatively low-level site of learning, such as MT.
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Backus B. The subjective reliability of a newly recruited visual cue is similar whether or not a long-trusted cue is also present in the stimulus. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wilmer J, Backus B. Behavioral genetic evidence for plasticity in the oculomotor system. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Fuller S, Backus B, Dam LV, Ernst M. Short-term dynamics of perceptual bias for bistable stimuli. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ernst MO, DiLuca M, Backus B. Recruitment of an invisible depth cue. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Backus B. Bayesian model of cue combination for ambiguous stimuli. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Meade R, Backus B, Haijiang Q. Cue probability learning by the human perceptual system. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Haijiang Q, Backus B. Newly recruited cue trades against pre-existing cues during the construction of visual appearance. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Chajka K, Backus B, Wilmer J. Ability to use stereo predicts recruitment of a correlated artificial cue. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Backus B. Recruitment of new cues for visual perception: A progress report. J Vis 2009. [DOI: 10.1167/9.14.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ress D, Backus B, Heeger D. FMRI cortical activity predicts pattern-detection performance. Neuroimage 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(00)90938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Kim KS, Backus B, Harris M, Rourke P. Distribution of diamine oxidase and imidazole-N-methyltransferase along the gastrointestinal tract. Comp Biochem Physiol 1969; 31:137-45. [PMID: 4981447 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(69)92174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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