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Contreras L, García-Gaipo L, Casar B, Gandarillas A. DNA damage signalling histone H2AX is required for tumour growth. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:99. [PMID: 38402225 PMCID: PMC10894207 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer most frequently develops in self-renewal tissues that are the target of genetic alterations due to mutagens or intrinsic DNA replication errors. Histone γH2AX has a critical role in the cellular DNA repair pathway cascade and contributes to genomic stability. However, the role of γH2AX in the ontology of cancer is unclear. We have investigated this issue in the epidermis, a self-renewal epithelium continuously exposed to genetic hazard and replication stress. Silencing H2AX caused cell cycle hyperactivation, impaired DNA repair and epidermal hyperplasia in the skin. However, mutagen-induced carcinogenesis was strikingly reduced in the absence of H2AX. KO tumours appeared significantly later than controls and were fewer, smaller and more benign. The stem cell marker Δp63 drastically diminished in the KO epidermis. We conclude that H2AX is required for tissue-making during both homoeostasis and tumourigenesis, possibly by contributing to the control and repair of stem cells. Therefore, although H2AX is thought to act as a tumour suppressor and our results show that it contributes to homeostasis, they also indicate that it is required for the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Contreras
- Cell cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Lorena García-Gaipo
- Cell cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria (UC), 39011, Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gandarillas
- Cell cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, (INSERM), Délégation Occitanie, 34394, Montpellier, France.
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Martín-Vega A, Ruiz-Peinado L, García-Gómez R, Herrero A, de la Fuente-Vivas D, Parvathaneni S, Caloto R, Morante M, von Kriegsheim A, Bustelo XR, Sacks DB, Casar B, Crespo P. Scaffold coupling: ERK activation by trans-phosphorylation across different scaffold protein species. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd7969. [PMID: 36791195 PMCID: PMC9931222 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RAS-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway signals are modulated by scaffold proteins that assemble the components of different kinase tiers into a sequential phosphorylation cascade. In the prevailing model scaffold proteins function as isolated entities, where the flux of phosphorylation events progresses downstream linearly, to achieve ERK phosphorylation. We show that different types of scaffold proteins, specifically KSR1 (kinase suppressor of Ras 1) and IQGAP1 (IQ motif-containing guanosine triphosphatase activating protein 1), can bind to each other, forming a complex whereby phosphorylation reactions occur across both species. MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) bound to IQGAP1 can phosphorylate ERK docked at KSR1, a process that we have named "trans-phosphorylation." We also reveal that ERK trans-phosphorylation participates in KSR1-regulated adipogenesis, and it also underlies the modest cytotoxicity exhibited by KSR-directed inhibitors. Overall, we identify interactions between scaffold proteins and trans-phosphorylation as an additional level of regulation in the ERK cascade, with broad implications in signaling and the design of scaffold protein-aimed therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Vega
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Peinado
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Gómez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Herrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Dalia de la Fuente-Vivas
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Swetha Parvathaneni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rubén Caloto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Marta Morante
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Xosé R. Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - David B. Sacks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University, 2121 I St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- University of Cape Town, UCT Faculty of Health Sciences, Barnard Fuller Building, Anzio Rd, Observatory, Cape Town, 7935 South Africa
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Karagianni F, Piperi C, Casar B, Papadavid E. Combination of JAKi and MAPKi exerts antiangionenic potential in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gershkevitsh E, Mendez I, Casar B. PO-1564 Detector specific output correction factors in small fields for different 2D detector arrays. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Karagianni F, Piperi C, Casar B, de la Fuente-Vivas D, García-Gómez R, Lampadaki K, Pappa V, Papadavid E. Combination of Resminostat with Ruxolitinib Exerts Antitumor Effects in the Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Model for Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041070. [PMID: 35205818 PMCID: PMC8870185 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The combination of Resminostat (HDACi) and Ruxolitinib (JAKi) exerted cytotoxic effects and inhibited proliferation of CTCL cell lines (MyLa, SeAx) in vitro. The aim of the present study was to validate their antitumor effects in vivo using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, which allows quick and efficient monitoring of tumor growth, migration, invasion, and metastatic potential. The drug combination exhibited a significant inhibition of primary tumor size, and inhibited intravasation and extravasation of tumor cells to the liver and lung. It also exerted an inhibitory effect in the migration and invasion of tumor cells and significantly reduced key signaling pathway activation. Our data demonstrate that the CAM assay could be employed as a preclinical in vivo model in CTCL for pharmacological testing, and that the combination of Resminostat and Ruxolitinib exerts significant antitumor effects in CTCL progression that need to be further evaluated in a clinical setting. Abstract The combination of Resminostat (HDACi) and Ruxolitinib (JAKi) exerted cytotoxic effects and inhibited proliferation of CTCL cell lines (MyLa, SeAx) in previously published work. A xenograft tumor formation was produced by implanting the MyLa or SeAx cells on top of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The CAM assay protocol was developed to monitor the metastatic properties of CTCL cells and the effects of Resminostat and/or Ruxolitinib in vivo. In the spontaneous CAM assays, Resminostat and Ruxolitinib treatment inhibited the cell proliferation (p < 0.001) of MyLa and SeAx, and induced cell apoptosis (p < 0.005, p < 0.001, respectively). Although monotherapies reduced the size of primary tumors in the metastasis CAM assay, the drug combination exhibited a significant inhibition of primary tumor size (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the combined treatment inhibited the intravasation of MyLa (p < 0.005) and SeAx cells (p < 0.0001) in the organs, as well as their extravasation to the liver (p < 0.0001) and lung (p < 0.0001). The drug combination also exerted a stronger inhibitory effect in migration (p < 0.0001) rather in invasion (p < 0.005) of both MyLa and SeAx cells. It further reduced p-p38, p-ERK, p-AKT, and p-STAT in MyLa cells, while it decreased p-ERK and p-STAT in SeAx cells in CAM tumors. Our data demonstrated that the CAM assay could be employed as a preclinical in vivo model in CTCL for pharmacological testing. In agreement with previous in vitro data, the combination of Resminostat and Ruxolitinib was shown to exert antitumor effects in CTCL in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Karagianni
- National Center of Rare Diseases-Cutaneous Lymphoma—Member of EuroBloodNet, Second Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; (D.d.l.F.-V.); (R.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Dalia de la Fuente-Vivas
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; (D.d.l.F.-V.); (R.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Gómez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; (D.d.l.F.-V.); (R.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kyriaki Lampadaki
- National Center of Rare Diseases-Cutaneous Lymphoma—Member of EuroBloodNet, Second Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (F.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine—Propaedeutic and Research Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School of Athens, University General Hospital Attikon, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Papadavid
- National Center of Rare Diseases-Cutaneous Lymphoma—Member of EuroBloodNet, Second Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (F.K.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (E.P.)
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Peterlin P, Casar B, Jurković S, Gershkevitsh E, Pesznyák C, Vassileva J. IAEA survey on image-guided radiotherapy protocols and doses in the European region. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Méndez I, Casar B. A novel approach for the definition of small-field sizes using the concept of superellipse. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Colón-Bolea P, García-Gómez R, Casar B. RAC1 Activation as a Potential Therapeutic Option in Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1554. [PMID: 34827551 PMCID: PMC8615836 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complex process by which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor to colonize distant organs. RAC1 is a member of the RHO family of small guanosine triphosphatases that plays an important role in cancer migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. RAC1 activation has been related to most cancers, such as cutaneous melanoma, breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer. RAC1P29S driver mutation appears in a significant number of cutaneous melanoma cases. Likewise, RAC1 is overexpressed or hyperactivated via signaling through oncogenic cell surface receptors. Thus, targeting RAC1 represents a promising strategy for cutaneous melanoma therapy, as well as for inhibition of other signaling activation that promotes resistance to targeted therapies. In this review, we focus on the role of RAC1 in metastatic cutaneous melanoma emphasizing the anti-metastatic potential of RAC1- targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Colón-Bolea
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; (P.C.-B.); (R.G.-G.)
| | - Rocío García-Gómez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; (P.C.-B.); (R.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; (P.C.-B.); (R.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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García-Díaz N, Casar B, Alonso-Alonso R, Quevedo L, Rodríguez M, Ruso-Julve F, Esteve-Codina A, Gut M, Gru AA, González-Vela MC, Gut I, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Varela I, Ortiz-Romero PL, Piris MA, Vaqué JP. PLCγ1/PKCθ Downstream Signaling Controls Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Development And Progression. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1391-1400.e15. [PMID: 34687742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Developing mechanistic rationales can improve the clinical management of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). There is considerable genetic and biological evidence of a malignant network of signaling mechanisms, highly influenced by deregulated TCR/PLCγ1 activity, controlling the biology of these lesions. In addition, activated STAT3 is associated with clinical progression, although the alterations responsible for this have not been fully elucidated. Here we studied PLCγ1-dependent mechanisms that can mediate STAT3 activation and control tumor growth and progression. Downstream of PLCγ1, the pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown of PKCθ inhibited STAT3 activation, impaired proliferation, and promoted apoptosis in CTCL cells. A PKCθ-dependent transcriptome in MF/SS cells revealed potential effector genes controlling cytokine signaling, TP53, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Consistently, an in vivo chicken embryo model xenografted with MF cells showed that PKCθ blockage abrogates tumor growth and spread to distant organs. Finally, the expression of a number of PKCθ target genes, found in MF cells, significantly correlated with that of PRKCQ (PKCθ) in 81 human MF samples. In summary, PKCθ can play a central role in the activation of malignant CTCL mechanisms via multiple routes, including, but not restricted to, STAT3. These mechanisms may, in turn, serve as targets for specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria García-Díaz
- Molecular Biology Department, Universidad de Cantabria-Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Laura Quevedo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez
- Pathology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fulgencio Ruso-Julve
- Molecular Biology Department, Universidad de Cantabria-Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Ivo Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Rodriguez-Peralto
- Department of Pathology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, institute i+12, CIBERONC, Medical School, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Varela
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Luis Ortiz-Romero
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, institute i+12, CIBERONC, Medical School, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Piris
- Pathology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pedro Vaqué
- Molecular Biology Department, Universidad de Cantabria-Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
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García-Diaz N, Casar B, Alonso-Alonso R, Rodriguez M, Ruso-Julve F, Esteve-Codina A, Gru AA, Gut M, Gut I, Gonzalez-Vela C, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Varela I, Ortiz-Romero PL, Piris MÁ, Vaqué JP. PLCγ1/PKCθ and its downstream effectors in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma development and progression. Eur J Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(21)00633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Merlos Rodrigo MA, Casar B, Michalkova H, Jimenez Jimenez AM, Heger Z, Adam V. Extending the Applicability of In Ovo and Ex Ovo Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane Assays to Study Cytostatic Activity in Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:707366. [PMID: 34540673 PMCID: PMC8440826 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.707366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay can provide an alternative versatile, cost-effective, and ethically less controversial in vivo model for reliable screening of drugs. In the presented work, we demonstrate that CAM assay (in ovo and ex ovo) can be simply employed to delineate the effects of cisplatin (CDDP) and ellipticine (Elli) on neuroblastoma (Nbl) cells in terms of their growth and metastatic potential. Methods The Nbl UKF-NB-4 cell line was established from recurrent bone marrow metastases of high-risk Nbl (stage IV, MYCN amplification, 7q21 gain). Ex ovo and in ovo CAM assays were optimized to evaluate the antimetastatic activity of CDDP and Elli. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and DNA isolation were performed. Results Ex ovo CAM assay was employed to study whether CDDP and Elli exhibit any inhibitory effects on growth of Nbl xenograft in ex ovo CAM assay. Under the optimal conditions, Elli and CDDP exhibited significant inhibition of the size of the primary tumor. To study the efficiency of CDDP and Elli to inhibit primary Nbl tumor growth, intravasation, and extravasation in the organs, we adapted the in ovo CAM assay protocol. In in ovo CAM assay, both studied compounds (CDDP and Elli) exhibited significant (p < 0.001) inhibitory activity against extravasation to all investigated organs including distal CAM. Conclusions Taken together, CAM assay could be a helpful and highly efficient in vivo approach for high-throughput screening of libraries of compounds with expected anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hana Michalkova
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ana Maria Jimenez Jimenez
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
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Merlos Rodrigo MA, Michalkova H, Smidova V, Casar B, Rios VDL, Casal JI, Macia MS, Ramos DF, Martinez Chantar ML, Adam V, Heger Z. MO38-2 Metallothionein-3: Potential therapeutic target for sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Moreno T, Monterde B, González-Silva L, Betancor-Fernández I, Revilla C, Agraz-Doblas A, Freire J, Isidro P, Quevedo L, Blanco R, Montes-Moreno S, Cereceda L, Astudillo A, Casar B, Crespo P, Morales Torres C, Scaffidi P, Gómez-Román J, Salido E, Varela I. ARID2 deficiency promotes tumor progression and is associated with higher sensitivity to chemotherapy in lung cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:2923-2935. [PMID: 33742126 PMCID: PMC7610680 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The survival rate in lung cancer remains stubbornly low and there is an urgent need for the identification of new therapeutic targets. In the last decade, several members of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes have been described altered in different tumor types. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of their impact on cancer progression, as well as the application of this knowledge to cancer patient management are largely unknown. In this study, we performed targeted sequencing of a cohort of lung cancer patients on genes involved in chromatin structure. In addition, we studied at the protein level the expression of these genes in cancer samples and performed functional experiments to identify the molecular mechanisms linking alterations of chromatin remodeling genes and tumor development. Remarkably, we found that 20% of lung cancer patients show ARID2 protein loss, partially explained by the presence of ARID2 mutations. In addition, we showed that ARID2 deficiency provokes profound chromatin structural changes altering cell transcriptional programs, which bolsters the proliferative and metastatic potential of the cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that ARID2 deficiency impairs DNA repair, enhancing the sensitivity of the cells to DNA-damaging agents. Our findings support that ARID2 is a bona fide tumor suppressor gene in lung cancer that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaidy Moreno
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Beatriz Monterde
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Laura González-Silva
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Isabel Betancor-Fernández
- Departamento de Patología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carlos Revilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Antonio Agraz-Doblas
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Freire
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Biobanco Valdecilla, HUMV/IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Isidro
- Biobanco del Principado de Asturias (BBPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Quevedo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Rosa Blanco
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Laura Cereceda
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Biobanco Valdecilla, HUMV/IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Biobanco del Principado de Asturias (BBPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paola Scaffidi
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Javier Gómez-Román
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Biobanco Valdecilla, HUMV/IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Departamento de Patología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ignacio Varela
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain.
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14
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Colón-Bolea P, García-Gómez R, Shackleton S, Crespo P, Bustelo XR, Casar B. RAC1 induces nuclear alterations through the LINC complex to enhance melanoma invasiveness. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2768-2778. [PMID: 33026942 PMCID: PMC7851868 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-02-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RHO GTPases are key regulators of the cytoskeletal architecture, which impact a broad range of biological processes in malignant cells including motility, invasion, and metastasis, thereby affecting tumor progression. One of the constraints during cell migration is the diameter of the pores through which cells pass. In this respect, the size and shape of the nucleus pose a major limitation. Therefore, enhanced nuclear plasticity can promote cell migration. Nuclear morphology is determined in part through the cytoskeleton, which connects to the nucleoskeleton through the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Here, we unravel the role of RAC1 as an orchestrator of nuclear morphology in melanoma cells. We demonstrate that activated RAC1 promotes nuclear alterations through its effector PAK1 and the tubulin cytoskeleton, thereby enhancing migration and intravasation of melanoma cells. Disruption of the LINC complex prevented RAC1-induced nuclear alterations and the invasive properties of melanoma cells. Thus, RAC1 induces nuclear morphology alterations through microtubules and the LINC complex to promote an invasive phenotype in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Colón-Bolea
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Gómez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sue Shackleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HM, UK
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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15
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García-Ibáñez Y, Riesco-Eizaguirre G, Santisteban P, Casar B, Crespo P. RAS Subcellular Localization Inversely Regulates Thyroid Tumor Growth and Dissemination. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092588. [PMID: 32927904 PMCID: PMC7565207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RAS mutations occur frequently in thyroid tumors, but the extent to which they are associated to tumor aggressiveness is still uncertain. HRAS proteins occupy different subcellular localizations, from which they regulate distinct biochemical processes. Herein, we demonstrate that the capacity of HRAS-transformed thyroid cells to extravasate and invade distant organs is orchestrated by HRAS subcellular localization, by a mechanism dependent on VEGF-B secretion. Interestingly, aggressiveness inversely correlates with tumor size. Moreover, we have identified the acyl protein thioesterase APT-1, a regulator of HRAS sublocalization, as a determinant of thyroid tumor growth versus dissemination. As such, alterations in APT-1 expression levels can dramatically affect the behavior of thyroid tumors. In this respect, APT-1 levels could serve as a biomarker that may help in the stratification of HRAS mutant thyroid tumors based on their aggressiveness. Abstract RAS mutations are the second most common genetic alteration in thyroid tumors. However, the extent to which they are associated with the most aggressive phenotypes is still controversial. Regarding their malignancy, the majority of RAS mutant tumors are classified as undetermined, which complicates their clinical management and can lead to undesired under- or overtreatment. Using the chick embryo spontaneous metastasis model, we herein demonstrate that the aggressiveness of HRAS-transformed thyroid cells, as determined by the ability to extravasate and metastasize at distant organs, is orchestrated by HRAS subcellular localization. Remarkably, aggressiveness inversely correlates with tumor size. In this respect, we also show that RAS site-specific capacity to regulate tumor growth and dissemination is dependent on VEGF-B secretion. Furthermore, we have identified the acyl protein thioesterase APT-1 as a determinant of thyroid tumor growth versus dissemination. We show that alterations in APT-1 expression levels can dramatically affect the behavior of thyroid tumors, based on its role as a regulator of HRAS sublocalization at distinct plasma membrane microdomains. In agreement, APT-1 emerges in thyroid cancer clinical samples as a prognostic factor. As such, APT-1 levels could serve as a biomarker that could help in the stratification of HRAS mutant thyroid tumors based on their aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza García-Ibáñez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria. Santander, E-39011 Cantabria, Spain; (Y.G.-I.); (B.C.)
| | - Garcilaso Riesco-Eizaguirre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. E-28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-E.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, E-28935 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Endocrinología Molecular, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, E-28223 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. E-28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.-E.); (P.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria. Santander, E-39011 Cantabria, Spain; (Y.G.-I.); (B.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria. Santander, E-39011 Cantabria, Spain; (Y.G.-I.); (B.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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16
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García-Díaz N, Casar B, Ruso-Julve F, Alonso-Alonso R, Gru A, Matallanas D, Piris M, Ortiz-Romero P, Vaqué J. A malignant PLCG1-PRKCQ-STAT3 signalin g axis controlling tumorigenesis and progression of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Eur J Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(19)30527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Méndez I, Polšak A, Hudej R, Casar B. The Multigaussian method: a new approach to mitigating spatial heterogeneities with multichannel radiochromic film dosimetry. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:175013. [PMID: 30101754 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aad9c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of multichannel radiochromic film dosimetry methods is to correct, or at least mitigate, spatial heterogeneities in the film-scanner response, especially variations in the active layer thickness. To this end, films can also be scanned prior to irradiation. In this study, the abilities of various single channel and multichannel methods to reduce spatial heterogeneities, with and without scanning before irradiation, were tested. Red, green and blue single channel models, two additive channel independent perturbation (CHIP) models and two multiplicative CHIP models were compared with the Multigaussian method. The Multigaussian method is a new approach to multichannel dosimetry, based on experimental findings. It assumes that the probability density function of the response vector formed by the pixel values of the different color channels, including irradiated and non-irradiated scans, follows a multivariate Gaussian distribution. The Multigaussian method provided more accurate doses than the other models under comparison, especially when incorporating the information of the film prior to irradiation. The relative dose differences between reference doses measured with MatriXX and film doses were examined. After applying inter-scan and lateral corrections, the lowest mean absolute errors were 0.8% and 1.0% for the Multigaussian method with and without the information of the scan before irradiation, respectively. Followed by the uniform multiplicative CHIP and red single channel models, using pixel values and net optical density, respectively, both with 1.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Méndez
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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18
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Casar B, Badrock AP, Jiménez I, Arozarena I, Colón-Bolea P, Lorenzo-Martín LF, Barinaga-Rementería I, Barriuso J, Cappitelli V, Donoghue DJ, Bustelo XR, Hurlstone A, Crespo P. RAS at the Golgi antagonizes malignant transformation through PTPRκ-mediated inhibition of ERK activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3595. [PMID: 30185827 PMCID: PMC6125387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS GTPases are frequently mutated in human cancer. H- and NRAS isoforms are distributed over both plasma-membrane and endomembranes, including the Golgi complex, but how this organizational context contributes to cellular transformation is unknown. Here we show that RAS at the Golgi is selectively activated by apoptogenic stimuli and antagonizes cell survival by suppressing ERK activity through the induction of PTPRκ, which targets CRAF for dephosphorylation. Consistently, in contrast to what occurs at the plasma-membrane, RAS at the Golgi cannot induce melanoma in zebrafish. Inactivation of PTPRκ, which occurs frequently in human melanoma, often coincident with TP53 inactivation, accelerates RAS-ERK pathway-driven melanomagenesis in zebrafish. Likewise, tp53 disruption in zebrafish facilitates oncogenesis driven by RAS from the Golgi complex. Thus, RAS oncogenic potential is strictly dependent on its sublocalization, with Golgi complex-located RAS antagonizing tumor development. RAS isoforms are associated with the plasma membrane and endomembranes, but how their localization contributes to tumorigenesis is unclear. Here, the authors show that RAS signals from Golgi complex antagonize tumour formation by inducing apoptosis via ERK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, 39011, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Andrew P Badrock
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Iñaki Jiménez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Imanol Arozarena
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, 39011, Spain.,Navarrabiomed-FMS IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, 31008, Spain
| | - Paula Colón-Bolea
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - L Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Irene Barinaga-Rementería
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cappitelli
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Daniel J Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Adam Hurlstone
- Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, 39011, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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19
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Abstract
A vast number of stimuli use the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade to transmit signals from their cognate receptors, in order to regulate multiple cellular functions, including key processes such as proliferation, cell cycle progression, differentiation, and survival. The duration, intensity and specificity of the responses are, in part, controlled by the compartmentalization/subcellular localization of the signaling intermediaries. Ras proteins are found in different plasma membrane microdomains and endomembranes. At these localizations, Ras is subject to site-specific regulatory mechanisms, distinctively engaging effector pathways and switching-on diverse genetic programs to generate a multitude of biological responses. The Ras effector pathway leading to ERKs activation is also subject to space-related regulatory processes. About half of ERK1/2 substrates are found in the nucleus and function mainly as transcription factors. The other half resides in the cytosol and other cellular organelles. Such subcellular distribution enhances the complexity of the Ras/ERK cascade and constitutes an essential mechanism to endow variability to its signals, which enables their participation in the regulation of a broad variety of functions. Thus, analyzing the subcellular compartmentalization of the members of the Ras/ERK cascade constitutes an important factor to be taken into account when studying specific biological responses evoked by Ras/ERK signals. Herein, we describe methods for such purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Agudo-Ibañez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Cantabria, c/Albert Einstein, 22, PCTCAN, Santander, 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Cantabria, c/Albert Einstein, 22, PCTCAN, Santander, 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Cantabria, c/Albert Einstein, 22, PCTCAN, Santander, 39011, Cantabria, Spain.
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20
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Casar B, Carot IM, Peterlin P. SU-F-T-551: Beam Hardening and Attenuation of Photon Beams Using Integral Quality Monitor in Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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21
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Abstract
ERK1/2 MAP Kinases become activated in response to multiple intra- and extra-cellular stimuli through a signaling module composed of sequential tiers of cytoplasmic kinases. Scaffold proteins regulate ERK signals by connecting the different components of the module into a multi-enzymatic complex by which signal amplitude and duration are fine-tuned, and also provide signal fidelity by isolating this complex from external interferences. In addition, scaffold proteins play a central role as spatial regulators of ERKs signals. In this respect, depending on the subcellular localization from which the activating signals emanate, defined scaffolds specify which substrates are amenable to be phosphorylated. Recent evidence has unveiled direct interactions among different scaffold protein species. These scaffold-scaffold macro-complexes could constitute an additional level of regulation for ERK signals and may serve as nodes for the integration of incoming signals and the subsequent diversification of the outgoing signals with respect to substrate engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria Santander, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de Cantabria Santander, Spain
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22
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Herrero A, Casar B, Colón-Bolea P, Agudo-Ibáñez L, Crespo P. Defined spatiotemporal features of RAS-ERK signals dictate cell fate in MCF-7 mammary epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1958-68. [PMID: 27099370 PMCID: PMC4907729 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-02-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signals conveyed through the RAS-ERK pathway are essential for the determination of cell fate. It is well established that signal variability is achieved in the different microenvironments in which signals unfold. It is also known that signal duration is critical for decisions concerning cell commitment. However, it is unclear how RAS-ERK signals integrate time and space in order to elicit a given biological response. To investigate this, we used MCF-7 cells, in which EGF-induced transient ERK activation triggers proliferation, whereas sustained ERK activation in response to heregulin leads to adipocytic differentiation. We found that both proliferative and differentiating signals emanate exclusively from plasma membrane-disordered microdomains. Of interest, the EGF signal can be transformed into a differentiating stimulus by HRAS overexpression, which prolongs ERK activation, but only if HRAS localizes at disordered membrane. On the other hand, HRAS signals emanating from the Golgi complex induce apoptosis and can prevent heregulin-induced differentiation. Our results indicate that within the same cellular context, RAS can exert different, even antagonistic, effects, depending on its sublocalization. Thus cell destiny is defined by the ability of a stimulus to activate RAS at the appropriate sublocalization for an adequate period while avoiding switching on opposing RAS signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Herrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander E-39011, Spain
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander E-39011, Spain
| | - Paula Colón-Bolea
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander E-39011, Spain
| | - Lorena Agudo-Ibáñez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander E-39011, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander E-39011, Spain
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23
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24
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Herrero A, Pinto A, Colón-Bolea P, Casar B, Jones M, Agudo-Ibáñez L, Vidal R, Tenbaum SP, Nuciforo P, Valdizán EM, Horvath Z, Orfi L, Pineda-Lucena A, Bony E, Keri G, Rivas G, Pazos A, Gozalbes R, Palmer HG, Hurlstone A, Crespo P. Small Molecule Inhibition of ERK Dimerization Prevents Tumorigenesis by RAS-ERK Pathway Oncogenes. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:170-82. [PMID: 26267534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 50% of human malignancies exhibit unregulated RAS-ERK signaling; inhibiting it is a valid strategy for antineoplastic intervention. Upon activation, ERK dimerize, which is essential for ERK extranuclear, but not for nuclear, signaling. Here, we describe a small molecule inhibitor for ERK dimerization that, without affecting ERK phosphorylation, forestalls tumorigenesis driven by RAS-ERK pathway oncogenes. This compound is unaffected by resistance mechanisms that hamper classical RAS-ERK pathway inhibitors. Thus, ERK dimerization inhibitors provide the proof of principle for two understudied concepts in cancer therapy: (1) the blockade of sub-localization-specific sub-signals, rather than total signals, as a means of impeding oncogenic RAS-ERK signaling and (2) targeting regulatory protein-protein interactions, rather than catalytic activities, as an approach for producing effective antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Herrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Adán Pinto
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Paula Colón-Bolea
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Mary Jones
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lorena Agudo-Ibáñez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Rebeca Vidal
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Stephan P Tenbaum
- Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Paolo Nuciforo
- Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Elsa M Valdizán
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | | | - Laszlo Orfi
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Emilie Bony
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gyorgy Keri
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Germán Rivas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Pazos
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | | | - Héctor G Palmer
- Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Adam Hurlstone
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Different multichannel methods for film dosimetry have been proposed in the literature. Two of them are the weighted mean method and the method put forth by Micke et al. ["Multichannel film dosimetry with nonuniformity correction," Med. Phys. 38, 2523-2534 (2011)] and Mayer et al. ["Enhanced dosimetry procedures and assessment for EBT2 radiochromic film," Med. Phys. 39, 2147-2155 (2012)]. The purpose of this work was to compare their results and to develop a generalized channel-independent perturbations framework in which both methods enter as special cases. METHODS Four models of channel-independent perturbations were compared: weighted mean, Micke-Mayer method, uniform distribution, and truncated normal distribution. A closed-form formula to calculate film doses and the associated type B uncertainty for all four models was deduced. To evaluate the models, film dose distributions were compared with planned and measured dose distributions. At the same time, several elements of the dosimetry process were compared: film type EBT2 versus EBT3, different waiting-time windows, reflection mode versus transmission mode scanning, and planned versus measured dose distribution for film calibration and for γ-index analysis. The methods and the models described in this study are publicly accessible through IRISEU. Alpha 1.1 (http://www.iriseu.com). IRISEU. is a cloud computing web application for calibration and dosimetry of radiochromic films. RESULTS The truncated normal distribution model provided the best agreement between film and reference doses, both for calibration and γ-index verification, and proved itself superior to both the weighted mean model, which neglects correlations between the channels, and the Micke-Mayer model, whose accuracy depends on the properties of the sensitometric curves. With respect to the selection of dosimetry protocol, no significant differences were found between transmission and reflection mode scanning, between 75 ± 5 min and 20 ± 1 h waiting-time windows or between employing EBT2 or EBT3 films. Significantly better results were obtained when a measured dose distribution was used instead of a planned one as reference for the calibration, and when a planned dose distribution was used instead of a measured one as evaluation for the γ-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The truncated normal distribution model of channel-independent perturbations was found superior to the other three models under comparison and the authors propose its use for multichannel dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Méndez
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - P Peterlin
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - R Hudej
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - A Strojnik
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - B Casar
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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Hooper J, Yaowu H, Casar B, Ying D, Wortmann A, Adams M, Clements J, Quigley J. Novel protease mediated mechanisms promote the spread of cancer cells via the blood circulation. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.600.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Hooper
- Cancer Biology ProgramMater Medical Research InstituteSouth BrisbaneAustralia
| | - He Yaowu
- Cancer Biology ProgramMater Medical Research InstituteSouth BrisbaneAustralia
| | - Berta Casar
- Cell BiologyScripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA
| | - Dong Ying
- IHBIQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveAustralia
| | - Andreas Wortmann
- Cancer Biology ProgramMater Medical Research InstituteSouth BrisbaneAustralia
| | - Mark Adams
- Cancer Biology ProgramMater Medical Research InstituteSouth BrisbaneAustralia
| | - Judith Clements
- IHBIQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveAustralia
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Zajac E, Schweighofer B, Casar B, Kupriyanova T, Rimann I, Juncker-Jensen A, Deryugina E, Quigley JP. Abstract PR10: High angiogenic capacity of inflammatory neutrophils and polarized M2 macrophages is determined by production of MMP-9 unencumbered by its natural inhibitor TIMP-1. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tim2013-pr10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
By delivering a potent matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-9, inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages play an important role in tumor angiogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that high angiogenic capacity of neutrophil MMP-9 (nMMP-9) is determined by its TIMP1-free status. In this study, we compared biochemically and functionally nMMP-9 with the MMP-9 produced by monocytes and macrophages of innate (M0), tumor-suppressing (M1) and tumor-promoting (M2) phenotypes. The angiogenic potential of a specific leukocyte type correlated with amount of TIMP-1 complexed with secreted proMMP-9. Similar to neutrophils, M2-macrophages produce proMMP-9 complexed with very low amounts of TIMP-1, rendering its high angiogenic capacity. In contrast, M0 macrophages and M1-polarized macrophages secrete non-angiogenic proMMP-9 complexed with TIMP-1 at near stoichiometric ratios. However, silencing of TIMP-1 in M0- and M1-macrophages results in induction of their angiogenic potential, thereby supporting a biochemical mechanism for unique angiogenic capacity of proMMP-9 delivered by neutrophils and a distinct subset of pro-tumorigenic macrophages.
This abstract is also presented as Poster B89.
Citation Format: Ewa Zajac, Bernhard Schweighofer, Berta Casar, Tatyana Kupriyanova, Ivo Rimann, Anna Juncker-Jensen, Elena Deryugina, James P. Quigley. High angiogenic capacity of inflammatory neutrophils and polarized M2 macrophages is determined by production of MMP-9 unencumbered by its natural inhibitor TIMP-1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr PR10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Zajac
- 1The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA,
| | | | - Berta Casar
- 1The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA,
| | | | - Ivo Rimann
- 1The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA,
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Méndez I, Hartman V, Hudej R, Strojnik A, Casar B. Gafchromic EBT2 film dosimetry in reflection mode with a novel plan-based calibration method. Med Phys 2013; 40:011720. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4772075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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29
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Casar B, Rimann I, Kato H, Shattil SJ, Quigley JP, Deryugina EI. In vivo cleaved CDCP1 promotes early tumor dissemination via complexing with activated β1 integrin and induction of FAK/PI3K/Akt motility signaling. Oncogene 2012. [PMID: 23208492 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Specific cleavage of the transmembrane molecule, CUB domain-containing protein-1 (CDCP1), by plasmin-like serine proteases induces outside-in signal transduction that facilitates early stages of spontaneous metastasis leading to tumor cell intravasation, namely cell escape from the primary tumor, stromal invasion and transendothelial migration. We identified active β1 integrin as a biochemical and functional partner of the membrane-retained 70-kDa CDCP1 fragment, newly generated from its full-length 135-kDa precursor though proteolytic cleavage by serine proteases. Both in cell cultures and in live animals, active β1 integrin complexed preferentially with functionally activated, phosphorylated 70-kDa CDCP1. Complexing of β1 integrin the 70-kDa with CDCP1 fragment induced intracellular phosphorylation signaling, involving focal adhesion kinase-1 (FAK) and PI3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent Akt activation. Thus, inhibition of FAK/PI3K activities by specific inhibitors as well as short-hairpin RNA downregulation of β1 integrin significantly reduced FAK/Akt phosphorylation under conditions where CDCP1 was processed by serine proteases, indicating that FAK/PI3K/Akt pathway operates downstream of cleaved CDCP1 complexed with β1 integrin. Furthermore, this complex-dependent signaling correlated positively with high levels of tumor cell intravasation and dissemination. Correspondingly, abrogation in vivo of CDCP1 cleavage either by unique cleavage-blocking monoclonal antibody 10-D7 or by inhibition of proteolytic activity of plasmin-like serine proteases with aprotinin prevented β1 integrin/CDCP1 complexing and downstream FAK/Akt signaling concomitant with significant reduction of stromal invasion and spontaneous metastasis. Therefore, β1 integrin appears to serve as a motility-regulating partner mediating cross-talk between proteolytically cleaved, membrane-retained CDCP1 and members of FAK/PI3K/Akt pathway. This CDCP1 cleavage-induced signaling cascade constitutes a unique mechanism, independent of extracellular matrix remodeling, whereby a proteolytically cleaved CDCP1 regulates in vivo locomotion and metastasis of tumor cells through β1 integrin partnering. Our findings indicate that CDCP1 cleavage, occurring at the apex of a β1 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling cascade, may represent a therapeutic target for CDCP1-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Casar
- The Cell Biology Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - I Rimann
- The Cell Biology Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - H Kato
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S J Shattil
- 1] Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J P Quigley
- The Cell Biology Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E I Deryugina
- The Cell Biology Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Carot IM, Hartman V, Hudej R, Peterlin P, Strojnik A, Sarvari A, Casar B. EP-1332 A NOVEL METHOD FOR EBT2 RADIOCHROMIC FILM DOSIMETRY. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)71665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Casar B, Hooper JD, Quigley JP, Deryugina EI. Blocking of CDCP1 In Vivo Cleavage Presents Akt‐Dependent Survival of Cancer Cells and Inhibits Their Metastatic Colonization via PARP1‐Mediated Apoptosis. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.797.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berta Casar
- Cell BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA
| | - John D Hooper
- Mater Medical Research InstituteSouth BrisbaneAustralia
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32
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Zajac E, Schweighofer B, Kupriyanova T, Casar B, Rimann I, Juncker-Jensen A, Deryugina E, Quigley JP. Pro‐Angiogenic Capacity of MMP‐9 Produced by Different Types of Inflammatory Leukocytes is Determined by the Levels of TIMP‐1 Complexed with the MMP‐9 Proenzyme. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.48.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Zajac
- Cell BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA
| | | | | | - Berta Casar
- Cell BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA
| | - Ivo Rimann
- Cell BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA
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Casar B, He Y, Iconomou M, Hooper JD, Quigley JP, Deryugina EI. Blocking of CDCP1 cleavage in vivo prevents Akt-dependent survival and inhibits metastatic colonization through PARP1-mediated apoptosis of cancer cells. Oncogene 2011; 31:3924-38. [PMID: 22179830 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The CUB domain-containing protein-1 (CDCP1) is a transmembrane molecule that has recently been implicated in cancer progression. In this study we have established a novel mechanism for initiation of CDCP1-mediated signaling in vivo and demonstrated that specific 135→70-kDa processing of cell-surface CDCP1 by extracellular serine proteases is a prerequisite for CDCP1-dependent survival of cancer cells during metastasis. The in vivo cleavage of CDCP1 triggers a survival program involving recruitment of Src and PKCδ, Src-mediated phosphorylation of cell-surface-retained 70-kDa CDCP1, activation of Akt and suppression of PARP1-induced apoptosis. We demonstrate in vivo that phosphorylated Src, PKCδ and Akt all constitute activated elements of a CDCP1-signaling axis during tissue colonization of tumor cells. Preventing in vivo cleavage of CDCP1 with unique anti-CDCP1 antibodies, serine protease inhibitors or genetic modulation of the cleavage site in the CDCP1 molecule completely abrogated survival signaling associated with the 70-kDa CDCP1, and induced PARP1 cleavage and PARP1-mediated apoptosis, ultimately resulting in substantial inhibition of tissue colonization by tumor cells. The lack of CDCP1 cleavage in the lung tissue of plasminogen-knockout mice along with a coordinated reduction in tumor cell survival in a lung retention model, and importantly rescue of both by in vivo supplied plasmin, indicated that plasmin is the crucial serine protease executing in vivo cleavage of cell-surface CDCP1 during early stages of lung colonization. Together, our findings indicate that in vivo blocking of CDCP1 cleavage upstream from CDCP1-induced pro-survival signaling provides a potential mechanism for therapeutic intervention into metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Casar
- The Cell Biology Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Rodríguez J, Calvo F, González JM, Casar B, Andrés V, Crespo P. ERK1/2 MAP kinases promote cell cycle entry by rapid, kinase-independent disruption of retinoblastoma-lamin A complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 191:967-79. [PMID: 21115804 PMCID: PMC2995174 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201004067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
When in the nucleus, ERK1/2 dislodges the retinoblastoma protein from lamin A, facilitating its rapid phosphorylation. As orchestrators of essential cellular processes like proliferation, ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase signals impact on cell cycle regulation. A-type lamins are major constituents of the nuclear matrix that also control the cell cycle machinery by largely unknown mechanisms. In this paper, we disclose a functional liaison between ERK1/2 and lamin A whereby cell cycle progression is regulated. We demonstrate that lamin A serves as a mutually exclusive dock for ERK1/2 and the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. Our results reveal that, immediately after their postactivation entrance in the nucleus, ERK1/2 dislodge Rb from its interaction with lamin A, thereby facilitating its rapid phosphorylation and consequently promoting E2F activation and cell cycle entry. Interestingly, these effects are independent of ERK1/2 kinase activity. We also show that cellular transformation and tumor cell proliferation are dependent on the balance between lamin A and nuclear ERK1/2 levels, which determines Rb accessibility for phosphorylation/inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Investigación Desarrollo e Innovación Cantabria, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
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Rodríguez J, Calvo F, González JM, Casar B, Andrés V, Crespo P. ERK1/2 MAP kinases promote cell cycle entry by rapid, kinase-independent disruption of retinoblastoma–lamin A complexes. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2011. [PMCID: PMC3019564 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.20100406720101203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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36
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Abstract
Signals transmitted by ERK1/2 MAP Kinases regulate the functions of multiple substrates present in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, in similar proportions. In spite of this fact, the prevailing trend of the field has been to focus on the nuclear component, being considered the main executor of ERK biological functions. Following this fashion, scaffold proteins have been often described as modulators of ERK phosphorylation in their route, either as monomers or as dimers, to their ultimate destination at the nucleus. Contrarily, recent findings demonstrate that scaffolds and ERK dimers are essential for the activation of cytoplasmic but not nuclear substrates. Dimerization is critical for connecting the scaffolded ERK complex to cognate cytoplasmic substrates, while nuclear substrates are activated by ERK monomers. Furthermore, blocking ERK cytoplasmic signals by preventing ERK dimerization, is sufficient for attenuating cellular proliferation, transformation and tumor development. These new results highlight the importance of ERK cytoplasmic signals, disclose an unprecedented functional relationship between scaffold proteins and ERK dimers and identify dimerization as a key determinant of the spatial specificity of ERK signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -IDICAN-Universidad de Cantabria, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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37
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González JM, Navarro-Puche A, Casar B, Crespo P, Andrés V. Fast regulation of AP-1 activity through interaction of lamin A/C, ERK1/2, and c-Fos at the nuclear envelope. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 183:653-66. [PMID: 19015316 PMCID: PMC2582892 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200805049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sequestration of c-Fos at the nuclear envelope (NE) through interaction with A-type lamins suppresses AP-1–dependent transcription. We show here that c-Fos accumulation within the extraction-resistant nuclear fraction (ERNF) and its interaction with lamin A are reduced and enhanced by gain-of and loss-of ERK1/2 activity, respectively. Moreover, hindering ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of c-Fos attenuates its release from the ERNF induced by serum and promotes its interaction with lamin A. Accordingly, serum stimulation rapidly releases preexisting c-Fos from the NE via ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation, leading to a fast activation of AP-1 before de novo c-Fos synthesis. Moreover, lamin A–null cells exhibit increased AP-1 activity and reduced levels of c-Fos phosphorylation. We also find that active ERK1/2 interacts with lamin A and colocalizes with c-Fos and A-type lamins at the NE. Thus, NE-bound ERK1/2 functions as a molecular switch for rapid mitogen-dependent AP-1 activation through phosphorylation-induced release of preexisting c-Fos from its inhibitory interaction with lamin A/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María González
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology and Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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Casar B, Sanz-Moreno V, Yazicioglu MN, Rodríguez J, Berciano MT, Lafarga M, Cobb MH, Crespo P. Mxi2 promotes stimulus-independent ERK nuclear translocation. EMBO J 2007; 26:635-46. [PMID: 17255949 PMCID: PMC1794381 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial regulation of ERK1/2 MAP kinases is an essential yet largely unveiled mechanism for ensuring the fidelity and specificity of their signals. Mxi2 is a p38alpha isoform with the ability to bind ERK1/2. Herein we show that Mxi2 has profound effects on ERK1/2 nucleocytoplasmic distribution, promoting their accumulation in the nucleus. Downregulation of endogenous Mxi2 by RNAi causes a marked reduction of ERK1/2 in the nucleus, accompanied by a pronounced decline in cellular proliferation. We demonstrate that Mxi2 functions in nuclear shuttling of ERK1/2 by enhancing the nuclear accumulation of both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms in the absence of stimulation. This process requires the direct interaction of both proteins and a high-affinity binding of Mxi2 to ERK-binding sites in nucleoporins, In this respect, Mxi2 acts antagonistically to PEA15, displacing it from ERK1/2 complexes. These results point to Mxi2 as a key spatial regulator for ERK1/2 and disclose an unprecedented stimulus-independent mechanism for ERK nuclear import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Casar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Biomedicina CSIC—Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Biomedicina CSIC—Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Mustafa N Yazicioglu
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Javier Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Biomedicina CSIC—Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - María T Berciano
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Unidad de Biomedicina CSIC—Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Unidad de Biomedicina CSIC—Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Biomedicina CSIC—Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Biomedicina CSIC—Universidad de Cantabria, Facultad de Medicina, C/Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n., Santander 39011, Spain. Tel.: +34 942 200959; Fax: +34 942 201945; E-mail: or
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Sanz-Moreno V, Casar B, Crespo P. p38alpha isoform Mxi2 binds to extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 mitogen-activated protein kinase and regulates its nuclear activity by sustaining its phosphorylation levels. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:3079-90. [PMID: 12697810 PMCID: PMC153192 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.9.3079-3090.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mxi2 is a p38alpha splice isoform that is distinctively activated by mitogenic stimuli. Here we show that Mxi2 immunoprecipitates carry a kinase activity that is persistently activated by epidermal growth factor in a fashion regulated by Ras, Raf, and MEK. We demonstrate that this kinase activity can be attributed not to Mxi2 but rather to extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), which coimmunoprecipitated with Mxi2 both by ectopic expression and in a physiological environment like the kidney. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Mxi2-ERK interaction has profound effects on ERK function, demonstrating that Mxi2 prolongs the duration of the ERK signal by sustaining its phosphorylation levels. Interestingly, we show that the effects of Mxi2 on ERK are restricted to nuclear events. Mxi2 potently up-regulates ERK-mediated activation of the transcription factors Elk1 and HIF1alpha but has no effect on the activity of ERK cytoplasmic substrates RSK2 and cPLA(2), induced by epidermal growth factor or by MEK. Overall, our findings point to Mxi2 as a unique member of the p38 family that may have an unprecedented role in the regulation of the functions of ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
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