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Kumar S, Harisankar AG, Singh R, Kumar A, Kumar B, Mandal M. Lipoma of the gastrointestinal tract: a tertiary care centre experience. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2024; 106:401-406. [PMID: 37823391 PMCID: PMC11060862 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2023.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal (GI) lipomas are rare; however, they are frequent enough to be considered in the differential diagnosis of gut tumours. Here, we present our experience with GI lipomas managed at our institute over the last three years. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with GI lipomas managed between January, 2020 and April, 2023 at a tertiary care centre. Clinical presentation, location, and details of surgical procedure were analysed. RESULTS Ten patients were included, six of whom had lipoma in the colon, one in the stomach, and one each in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The mean age at the time of presentation was 48.8 years (range, 19-77 years), and strong male preponderance (4:1) was noted. Preoperative diagnosis of lipoma on cross-sectional imaging was possible in all patients. All patients were symptomatic and were managed surgically. CONCLUSIONS While GI lipomas are generally considered to be indolent and benign tumours, they can potentially lead to severe complications. The utilisation of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has brought about a significant transformation in diagnosing this condition, enabling preoperative identification in most cases. The surgery offers a definitive treatment with minimal risk of postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | | | - R Singh
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | - A Kumar
- BIG Apollo Spectra Hospitals, India
| | - B Kumar
- Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, India
| | - M Mandal
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, India
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Haines ER, Gan H, Kupelian A, Roggenkamp B, Lux L, Kumar B, Davies S. The Development and Implementation of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Programs: Teen Cancer America's Strategy. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024; 13:347-351. [PMID: 37922448 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2023.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reflecting a growing recognition that adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer have unique needs that demand novel approaches to care delivery, AYA-specific cancer programs are emerging across the United States to better serve this population. However, the limited availability of health system funding to support such efforts, in combination with the dearth of guidance that exists to guide AYA program development and implementation, has hampered the effective development and implementation of AYA oncology programs. In this article, we describe Teen Cancer America's strategy for partnering with hospitals to address this gap and improve care and outcomes for AYAs with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Haines
- Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hilary Gan
- Teen Cancer America, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren Lux
- UNC Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bindu Kumar
- Teen Cancer America, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Simon Davies
- Teen Cancer America, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Butel-Simoes G, Kiss C, Kong K, Rosen L, Hosking L, Barnes S, Jenkin G, Megaloudis S, Kumar B, Holland S, Ojaimi S. Disseminated tuberculosis, CMV viraemia & haemophagocytic-lymphohistiocystosis syndrome in an adult patient with anti- IFNγ autoantibodies - case report and brief review. Clin Immunol Commun 2023; 4:55-59. [PMID: 37906631 PMCID: PMC10600947 DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of an adult female with disseminated tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus viraemia and haemophagocytic-lymphohistiocystosis syndrome associated with neutralizing anti- interferon gamma (IFNγ) autoantibodies demonstrated by absent IFNγ stimulated STAT1 phosphorylation in the presence of patient sera. A brief review of immunodeficiency caused by anti-IFNγ autoantibodies is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Kiss
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - K. Kong
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - L.B. Rosen
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - L.M. Hosking
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Immunology Laboratory, Laboratory Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S. Barnes
- Monash Lung Sleep Allergy Immunology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - G.A. Jenkin
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - S. Megaloudis
- Haematology Laboratory, Monash Pathology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - B. Kumar
- Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Monash Pathology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - S.M. Holland
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - S. Ojaimi
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Lung Sleep Allergy Immunology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Immunology Laboratory, Monash Pathology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
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Patel M G, Borah N, Kumar B, Rai R, Singh V, Maji C. MEDITERRANEAN DIET AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ILLNESS CHARACTERISTIC OF YOUTH WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL CONDITION. Georgian Med News 2023:62-66. [PMID: 38325300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Disorder (IBD) is a prevalent digestive illness that frequently affects young people and drastically decreases the Quality of Life (QoL). Adults with IBD indications may find relief from their symptoms through nutritional changes like the Mediterranean-style diet. Concerning the seriousness of symptoms, QoL, and additional pertinent results in young people with IBD, this investigation seeks to determine the impact of the Mediterranean-style diet. 200 individuals with IBD who met the Rome-IV criterion and were between the ages of 13 and 19 were enrolled in the present research. A Mediterranean-style diet was provided to the Study Group (SG), which consisted of 100 individuals, while the Control Group (CG), which consisted of 100 patients, followed the usual diet. Various laboratory and clinical characteristics were also assessed at the beginning and end of the study, in addition to IBD values. The Mediterranean-style diet has been demonstrated to be effective and tolerated well in kids and teenagers with IBD. The IBD -SSS (from 148±42.3 to 224±71) IBD -QoL (from 76.7±8.1 to 61.3±9.8), and cumulative IBD rating (from 29.3±11.7 to 32.6±12.1) all showed notable increases in individuals who followed well to this diet. The CG, in comparison, did not show any significant enhancements in these factors. This indicates that a Mediterranean-style diet might provide therapeutic advantages for IBD individuals, especially those who keep adherent to it, concerning symptom severity and QoL. The Mediterranean-style diet proved to be both secure and associated with notable improvements in IBD rates in young and adolescents with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Patel M
- 1Department of Community Medicine, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - N Borah
- 2Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 3School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - R Rai
- 4Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - V Singh
- 5Department of General Medicine, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ch Maji
- 6Department of Pharmacy, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar B, Tanwar S, Ganta S, Saxena K, Patel K, Asha K. INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF NICOTINE FROM CIGARETTES ON THE GROWTH OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS: REVIEW. Georgian Med News 2023:183-188. [PMID: 38325321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Separating aneurysmal arterial disease from atherosclerosis and further occlusive artery conditions, it is a vascular degenerative disorder. Within the vascular tree, there is a regionalization of the propensity to produce aneurysms and the different locations result in different clinical processes. As the predominant risk factor for ubrenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), smoking is one of the most common manifestations of aneurysmal illness. For AAA compared to atherosclerosis, smoking is a far bigger risk factor. Along with contributing to the pathophysiology of AAA, smoking raises the likelihood that established AAA will rupture as well as its rate of expansion. The development of improved models for animals that are reliant on smoke or smoke constituents is helping to determine the mechanistic connection between AAA and smoking. According to the processes, there are long-lasting changes in the function of inflammatory and vascular smooth muscle cells. Focused on AAA, this review looks at the medical, epidemiology and mechanical evidence that links smoking to aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kumar
- 1School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - S Tanwar
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - Sh Ganta
- 3Department of Community Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Saxena
- 4Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Patel
- 5Department of Gynaecology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - K Asha
- 6Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
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Gupta M, Jain S, Chandani P, Patel J D, Asha K, Kumar B. ANXIETY SYNDROMES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH OPERATIONAL RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY. Georgian Med News 2023:166-171. [PMID: 38325318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Aim - determining the prevalence of anxiety disorders and their effect on disease progression and quality of life in adults with organic illnesses and functional disorders of the respiratory system treated in a pulmonology environment. A total of 135 young adults between the ages of 13 and 17 were analyzed. There were a total of 46 adolescents diagnosed with somatoform respiratory disorders (SRD), 45 adolescents diagnosed with bronchial asthma (BA), and 44 adolescents diagnosed with pneumonia. The Spielberger-Khanin anxiety questionnaire and the Nijmegen hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) scale were used for the research and diagnosis, respectively. The quality of life was measured using the asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ). In comparison to adults with asthma (33.2%) and pneumonia (32.3%), adults with SRD (34.5%). There were mild immediate associations between the Spielberger scale and the Nijmegen HVS questionnaire for both trait and state anxiety, and mild inverse correlations between the Spielberger scale and the AQLQ for both state and trait anxiety. Adolescents with anxiety had a higher prevalence of trauma, pain, and social issues than their non-anxious counterparts who were referred to psychiatry. In adolescents, 5.1% had severe trait anxiety, and 19.3% had severe condition anxiety. Adolescents with SRD were twice as likely to suffer from extreme state and trait anxiety as the general population. It is hypothesized that anxiety problems are at the root of HVS and contribute to adults' dissatisfaction with their quality of life due to lung ailments. Although certain adolescents with anxiety disorders were referred for anxiety, this data nevertheless lends credence to the idea that using standardized and structured instruments regularly might help increase accuracy and detection rates in the clinic, regardless of the reason for referral. Complete evaluations are essential for this patient population due to the intricacy of their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gupta
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - Sh Jain
- 2Department of Paediatrics, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Chandani
- 3Department of Data Science (DS, AI, CSBS), Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Patel J
- 4Department of Pharmacology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - K Asha
- 5Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 6School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
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Kumar B, Saxena B, Gupta P, Batra R, Patel J D, Ganapathy K. EFFECTS OF SOCIAL ESTRANGEMENT ON YOUNG PEOPLE'S MATURATION: A REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH. Georgian Med News 2023:196-202. [PMID: 38325323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A major issue among adolescents in recent years has been social isolation, or the sensation cut off and alone from peers and society. The effects of social isolation on youngsters and adolescents are investigated with special attention paying to the possible negative effects on their physical and mental health. Multiple studies have shown a link between adversity in life domains and adolescent social isolation. Firstly, it can have a major effect on mental health, raising the probability of experiencing things like anxiety, sadness and even suicidal thoughts. Second, it prevents the development of vital social abilities, making it harder to make and keep close friends. In addition, social isolation is associated with worse academic performance, which in turn reduces the number of courses a student can take and the number of jobs they can have in the future. After looking over 520 papers, 15 were chosen for the systematic review. Four researches reported the implications on general health, while two investigations reported on ramifications affecting the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis area along with social and mental growth of children. In conclusion, social isolation affects youth development across a wide spectrum, including psychological well-being, interpersonal skills, and academic success. Children and adolescents who experience isolation are more likely to suffer from anxiety and sadness, according to the review's findings. Cortical levels rise and mental growth slows in socially isolated children. Children and adolescents should be monitored by health professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that their mental and physical health needs are met.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kumar
- 1School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - B Saxena
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - P Gupta
- 3Department of psychiatry, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Batra
- 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Patel J
- 5Department of Pharmacology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - K Ganapathy
- 6Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
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Shunmugavelu K, Kannapan H, Vaishnavi P, Dhinakaran EC, Lavanya S, Kumar B. APPLICATIONS OF THREE DIMENSIONAL FACIAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN HEAD AND NECK REGION - A REVIEW. Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol 2023; 28:544-548. [PMID: 38155147 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2023-28-544-548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
3D facial CT has evolved and revolutionized diagnosis leading to better management. The limitations of conventional 2D methods limit the therapeutic options related to leading to an erroneous treatment. Although 3D facial CT is expensive, its advantages outweigh the cons. They are used in surgery, prosthetic replacement, orthodontics and forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shunmugavelu
- PSP Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Tambaram - Kanchipuram Main Road, Oragadam, Panruti, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, 631604, India
| | - H Kannapan
- Sree Balaji Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chrompet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600044, India
| | - P Vaishnavi
- Sri Venkateswara Dental College Hospital, Off.Old Mahabalipuram Road, Near Navalur Thalambur, Chennai, 600130, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E C Dhinakaran
- Sree Balaji Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chrompet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600044, India
| | - S Lavanya
- Malabar cancer centre, Thalassery, Kerala, 670103, India
| | - B Kumar
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
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Singh B, Mishra S, Kumar R, Patel J D, Malathi H, Kumar B. IMPLICATION OF THREAT FACTORS AND PREEXISTING DISORDERS IN DIFFERENT ISCHEMIC STROKE SUBGROUPS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE: A SYSTEMATIC STUDY. Georgian Med News 2023:43-46. [PMID: 38236097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major health issue, especially for the older population and it may have severe effects. Stroke diagnosis and treatment have advanced over the last 20 years, which has resulted in considerable reductions in death, long-term impairment, and the need for institutional care. Younger age groups have seen the majority of trials for acute, interventional, and preventive therapy. The purpose of this research was to identify distinct subgroups of older people who had suffered an ischemic stroke and examine the role that risk factors and previous illnesses played in their development. Ischemic stroke risk factors varied by age, gender and exhibited their own unique features. Smoking, cholesterol, and psychological/emotional stress were shown to have the greatest prevalence (p<0.06) among stroke patients aged 45-60. Smoking is associated with a significant (p<0.07) decline in health in elderly people. Our results imply that there are significant patterns of risk factors and preexisting illnesses among the various subgroups of older people who have had an ischemic stroke. Atherosclerotic (large-artery) and cardio embolic (small-artery) ischemic strokes were shown to be the most prevalent among the elderly. Strong associations were found between these subtypes and other risk factors, including higher cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, and atrial fibrillation. This research emphasizes the need for individualized preventative methods and therapeutic therapy, as well as the need to recognize the variability of ischemic stroke in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Singh
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - S Mishra
- 2Department of General Medicine, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Kumar
- 3Department of Pharmacy, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Patel J
- 4Department of Pharmacology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - H Malathi
- 5Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 6School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
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Kumar S, Yadav S, Patel K, Jyothi R, Kumar B, Patidar V. EARLY IMPLANT OUTCOMES IN ADULTS WITH DENTAL DECAY TREATED WITH PHOTODYNAMIC TREATMENT. Georgian Med News 2023:19-26. [PMID: 38236093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A fast implant is a kind of implant to place in the cavity right away after dental extraction. These implants are shown to maintain cervical marrow and reduce the number of surgery operations required for patients. The Photodynamic treatment (PDT) uses antimicrobial processes to supplement nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Combined through the scaling and root planning (SRP), and PDT is more effective. This study aims to assess the effects of PDT on initial findings with dental implants (DI) placed in patients having gum disease with SRP against patients who do not at the 12-month follow-up point. An aggregate of 25 implants were inserted in 16 patients, 12 of whom were in the test group (TG) and 13 of whom were in the control group (CG). SRP is conducted toward rapid implant assignment in the control site, while PDT as an adjunct to SRP (SRP + PDT) is executed prior to instant implant insertion in test sites. At the beginning, 4 months, 8 months, and 12 months, gingival index, radiovisiographs, inquiring pocket intensity, clinical attachment level, and plaque index were obtained. Basic durability was assessed after implant insertion, and the recovery index was measured a week later. In this analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique is used to predict tooth decay earlier. The CG experienced 1.10 mm of mean marginal bone loss after the 12-month research period, compared to 0.97 mm for the (SRP + PDT) group. After reaching the CG and TG, the differences in plaque score and probe depth were noteworthy. Clinical indicators compared to the basis in a year revealed unquestionable improvement, including the probing depth gingival index, plaque index and clinical attachment level. Twelve months were spent monitoring the implants in both groups. The little bone loss improved, although it isn't clinically important. The endurance rate for rapid implants in the PDT grouping is the same as that of the group that underwent SRP. The impact of PTD is utilized as a supplement to SRP. Yet, the consequence is marginal. Because of the improved results with PDT, it is used successfully as an addition to SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Kumar
- 1Department of prosthodontics and crown & bridge, TMDC & RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Yadav
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Patel
- 3Department of Gynaecology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - R Jyothi
- 4Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 5School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - V Patidar
- 6Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
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Manzar GS, Rafei H, Kumar B, Shanley M, Acharya S, Liu B, Xu A, Wang XA, Islam S, Kaplan M, Basar R, Uprety N, Shrestha R, Garza LM, Li Y, Banerjee PP, Spiotto MT, Dabaja B, Rezvani K, Daher M. Radiation Therapy Sensitizes Head-and-Neck Cancer Cells to Killing by Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-NK Cells Targeting CD70. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S167-S168. [PMID: 37784417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) CAR-T cell therapy is limited by toxicity, high cost, logistical manufacturing issues in the autologous setting and risk of GVHD in the allogeneic setting. Substitution of T cells with NK cells opens the possibility for an allogeneic off-the-shelf product with a better safety profile. However, the inadequate efficacy of CAR-NK cells against solid tumors can be extrapolated from experience with CAR-T cells. There is limited but promising preclinical evidence that radiation therapy (RT) enhances CAR-T cell tumoricidal activity against solid tumors. However, there is no data examining the potential synergy between RT and CAR-NK cell therapy. MATERIALS/METHODS We engineered CAR-NK cells with CD27 receptor as extracellular domain to target its natural ligand CD70, which is overexpressed in head-and-neck cancers (HNSCC). CAR-NK cell killing was assessed real-time through xCELLigence cytotoxicity assays. CD70+ OQ01 human HNSCCs were used for most experiments. FaDu is a CD70- HNSCC (negative ctrl). UMRC3 is a CD70+ kidney cancer cell line (positive ctrl). CD70 expression pre- and post-RT was assessed by flow cytometry and Western blot. Ionizing RT was compared at 5 doses: 0, 1.75, 3.5, 7, and 14 Gy. A single dose of 3.5 Gy was used for most experiments. Post-radiation effects were generally assessed at 3 days or 9 days post-RT. Intracellular staining was used to assess NK cell expression of IFN-γ, CD107a, and TNF-α by flow cytometry. CD27/CD70 interaction blockade was through α-CD27 pre-treatment of CAR-NK cells. RESULTS OQ01 HNSCCs heterogeneously express CD70 and are killed by CD70 CAR-NK cells in vitro. Pre-conditioning low-dose RT of 3.5 Gy applied to OQ01 HNSCCs 3 days prior to coculture with NK cells enhances CD70 CAR-NK cell killing, with ∼30% increased cytotoxicity against the tumor cells. Low-dose RT by itself did not induce acute cytolysis. As a possible mechanism for the increased sensitivity of irradiated OQ01 cells to CD70 CAR-NK cells, we found that RT enhances CD70 expression among HNSCCs in a dose-dependent manner. There was no increase in NK cell expression of IFN-γ, CD107a, and TNF-α with exposure to irradiated target cells. CD27/CD70 blockade does not solely abrogate RT-induced sensitization toward CAR-NK cell killing. Despite RT induction of transient increased expression of CD70, which normalizes by 9 days post-RT, there is persistent increase in RT-synergized target cell killing even at this later timepoint. Thus, altogether, RT sensitizes CD70-expressing HNSCC cells to CAR-NK cell killing in vitro. CONCLUSION This work represents the first preclinical study to identify the synergy of RT and CAR-NK cell therapy in solid tumors and is the first demonstration of CAR-NK cell activity against human HNSCCs. We show significantly enhanced potency of CAR-NK cells against irradiated tumor cells in vitro. Collectively, this research will be vital to guide efforts expanding into other target antigens and tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Manzar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - H Rafei
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - B Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - M Shanley
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Acharya
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - B Liu
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - A Xu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - X A Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Islam
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M Kaplan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - R Basar
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - N Uprety
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - R Shrestha
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - L Melo Garza
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Y Li
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - P P Banerjee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M T Spiotto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - B Dabaja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - K Rezvani
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M Daher
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Patel M G, Sharma U S U, Kumar B, Patel P, Chander A, Tyagi P. UNDERSTANDING THE VITAL DETERMINANTS SHAPING LEARNERS' PHYSICAL ACTIVITYAND PSYCHOEMOTIONAL WELLBEING IN THE COVID-19 PERIOD. Georgian Med News 2023:98-103. [PMID: 38096524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The Corona Virus (COV-19) epidemic significantly affected the educational environment, requiring a quick transition to distance and blended learning methods. This extraordinary disruption had an incredible impact on pupil's levels of physical activity (PA), psycho-emotional health (PEH) and engagement with academic material. The research aims to examine the vital determinants that influenced various areas of learners' lives during CoV-19. The purpose of this 600-person study was to collect data on the subjects' overall health and PA levels for the CoV-19 pandemic. The SPSS application was used to process the questionnaire's collected data. The information given reveals the respondents' degree of PA throughout the quarantine. According to the breakdown, 15% indicated low levels of PA, 39% reported medium levels and 46% reported high levels. The data show that, despite the respondents' different levels of PA, little PA predominated for most of them. The limitations of distance learning throughout quarantine and the prevalent recommendation of leaving residence for necessary reasons were blamed for this tendency. There were fewer prospects for higher-intensity PA due to these circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Patel M
- 1Department of Community Medicine, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - U Sharma U S
- 2Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 3School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - P Patel
- 4Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - A Chander
- 5Department of Ophthalmology, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Tyagi
- 6Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Jain S, Padhi S, Patel M G, Malathi H, Kumar B, Madaan S. AN INCREASED RISK OF HORMONAL DISORDERS, PRIMARILY DIABETES, IN INDIVIDUALS WITH Β -THALASSEMIA MAJOR: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS. Georgian Med News 2023:179-185. [PMID: 38096537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
β-Thalassemia major is an inherited blood condition marked by a serious anemia and a lifetime need for blood transfusions. The effects of β-thalassemia major on endocrine health, notably the risk of diabetes, remain largely unstudied, despite the fact that its haematological components are established. The purpose of this systematic analysis was to examine the incidence of reduced metabolism of glucose in β--thalassemia major. The articles were under the inclusion requirements, after which the data was retrieved. The main outcome was determined to be every prevalence (P) of DM (diabetes mellitus) in β-thalassemia major. In order to examine the percentage of aberrant glucose metabolism (GM) with individuals among β-thalassemia major, the P with the 95% CI (Confidence Interval) was utilized. In this retrospective investigation, we looked at a cohort of people with β-thalassemia major diagnoses to determine the incidence and risk of hormonal diseases, particularly diabetes. A specialist thalassemia facility treated 315 individuals with β-thalassemia major, and their medical records were examined. Age, gender, age at which a main diagnosis of β-thalassemia was made, the length of transfusion treatment, and concomitant diseases were gathered as part of the demographic and clinical data. Our research, which included 17 studies and 1500 cases altogether, showed that with β -thalassemia major had a considerably greater frequency of diabetes than people in general. With a mean beginning age of 30 years, diabetes was identified in 28% of the research cohort's participants. The combined meta-analysis showed that each year had a rather stable level of DM P in β-thalassemia major. In people with major β-thalassemia, the P of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), DM, and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 17.22% (95% CI: 8.44%-26.02%), (6.57 (95% CI: 5.31%- 7.79%) and 12.47 % (95% CI: 5.97%-18.95%), respectively. Our research suggests that people with β-thalassemia major have a high chance of acquiring diabetes, particularly if they get extended transfusion treatment. For prompt diagnosis and care, early detection of diabetes and other hormonal problems in this group is crucial. In β-thalassemia major, there is a high frequency of endocrine problems, including improper GM. To stop growth and endocrine issues, treatment and preventative measures can be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jain
- 1Department of Anatomy, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Padhi
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Patel M
- 3Department of Community Medicine, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - H Malathi
- 4Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 5School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sh Madaan
- 6Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
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14
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Ganapathy K, Kumar B, Shekhawat S, Mishra S, Mishra R, Patel J D. EXPLORING CLINICAL VARIATIONS AND CO-MORBID TRENDS IN PD-MCI GROUPS. Georgian Med News 2023:165-171. [PMID: 38096535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease in Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) is a complex condition characterized by a variety of cognitive problems that coexist with the physical symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aims to examine the different medical indicators and associated tendencies among different PD-MCI groups. We investigated 132 people who had been given PD-MCI diagnoses. Utilizing SPSS, statistical evaluations are carried out. In overall PD-MCI variants, this investigation found that visuospatial ability and attentional/executive performance are the most impaired cognitive areas. It was also noticed that distinct PD-MCI groups had variances in their neurological characteristics, in multi domain amnesia (Non-Memory) PD-MCI patients exhibiting especially severe issues with unstable posture and walking. The intricacy of PD- Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is highlighted by those results, which also imply that the interplay between mental and physical signs may be controlled by a number of interrelated factors, such as particular cognitive areas, brain surfaces, and the general level of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ganapathy
- 1Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 2School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sh Shekhawat
- 3Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - S Mishra
- 4Department of General Medicine, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Mishra
- 5Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Patel J
- 6Department of Pharmacology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Viljoen L, Acaba J, Agbassi YJP, Beko B, Goslett C, Hoddinott G, Kumar B, Kumar RG, McKenna L, Moses G, Sachs T, Seidel S, von Delft A. Community perspective on child-friendly medications for drug-resistant TB: importance, priorities and advocacy. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:655-657. [PMID: 37608482 PMCID: PMC10443785 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.23.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Viljoen
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Acaba
- The BENEFIT Kids Community Advisory Board (CAB), Asia Pacific Council of AIDS Service Organizations, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Y J P Agbassi
- Global Tuberculosis Community Advisory Board (TB CAB)
| | - B Beko
- TB Proof, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Goslett
- The BENEFIT Kids Community Advisory Board (CAB), Desmond Tutu TB Centre CAB, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Hoddinott
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Kumar
- The BENEFIT Kids Community Advisory Board (CAB), Global Coalition of TB Advocates
| | - R G Kumar
- Touched by TB, National Coalition of People Affected by TB, India
| | - L McKenna
- Treatment Action Group, New York, NY
| | - G Moses
- Global Tuberculosis Community Advisory Board (TB CAB)
| | - T Sachs
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - A von Delft
- The BENEFIT Kids Community Advisory Board (CAB), TB Proof, Cape Town, South Africa
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Negi AS, Kumar B, Kumar A, Prachi, Singhal A, Ray AK, Chamkha AJ. The Transportation of Maxwell Fluid in the Rotating and Stretching System: Rotor-Stator Spinning Disc Reactor Applications. j nanofluids 2023. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2023.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a mathematical model and obtained a numerical solution for the motion of a non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid between two disks having rotation and stretching velocity with convective boundary constraints, porous medium and thermal radiation. The present Maxwell fluid flow
model with specified boundary constraints is not discussed so far. The proposed model has a lot of applications in electrical power generation, nuclear energy plants, astrophysical flows, space vehicles, geothermal extractions, and spinning disc reactor. The Von Karman similarity approach
is used for the solution and validation of the solution is also provided. The solution is obtained numerically with finite difference method (FDM) based ND-solve command in Mathematica software. The effects of magnetic field, porous medium, radiation parameter, Deborah number, Prandtl number,
and Reynolds number on skin friction, heat transfer, flow and temperature fields are discussed in detail. Due to the significant void fraction in the medium, porosity parameter shows unique trend compared to other parameters for the radial velocity profile. It has tendency to enhance the radial
velocity near both the disc but in the middle part of system, porosity parameter retards radial velocity significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Singh Negi
- Department of Mathematics, Birla Campus HNB Garhwal Central University, Srinagar Garhwal-246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B. Kumar
- School of Mathematics, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Birla Campus HNB Garhwal Central University, Srinagar Garhwal-246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prachi
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, RIT, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Abhinav Singhal
- School of Sciences, Christ (Deemed to be University) Delhi-NCR, 201003, India
| | - A. K. Ray
- Engineering Mathematics and Computing, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474005, India
| | - A. J. Chamkha
- Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology Doha District, 35004, Kuwait
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Arkle T, Sivarajan S, Kulasegaran S, Penney N, Kumar B. Long-term patient-focussed outcomes remain under-evaluated in reviews of pyloric drainage procedures in oesophagectomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:116. [PMID: 36881164 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Arkle
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK.
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - S Sivarajan
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - S Kulasegaran
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - N Penney
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - B Kumar
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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18
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Naseem H, Lone MA, Kumar B, Ahmed N, Farooqui WA, Alsahhaf A, Alresayes S, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Evaluation of gingival displacement, bleeding and ease of application for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and conventional retraction cord - a clinical trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:2222-2231. [PMID: 37013740 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202303_31756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventional use of retraction cord in soft tissue management is effective only when the non-resilient nature of material does not jeopardize gingival health. Therefore this study aims to clinically evaluate the gingival displacement, ease of application and bleeding from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) retraction cord. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study is a single-center, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial (1:1). Sixty patients indicated for full coverage metal-ceramic restoration for first molars were enrolled and randomly allocated to experimental (PTFE Cord) and control (conventional plain retraction cord) groups. After crown preparation and isolation, a pre-displacement impression was made. Assigned gingival displacement material was applied for 5 minutes, followed by post-displacement impression. Casts were prepared and used for assessment of mean horizontal gingival displacement by measuring displacement using a stereomicroscope (20 x). Post-displacement gingival bleeding and ease of application were also assessed clinically. t-test and Chi-square tests were used for statistical assessment of gingival displacement, gingival bleeding and ease of application. RESULTS Gingival displacement, bleeding and ease of application were similar among study groups (p > 0.05). Mean gingival displacement in the experimental group was 197.1 µm, and 167.7 µm in the control group. Bleeding was observed in 30% and 20% of cases of experimental and control group, respectively. Ease of application was 'difficult' in 53.3% and 43.3% of cases of experimental and control group, respectively. Non-impregnated gingival retraction cord and PTFE cord displayed similar outcomes of gingival displacement, ease of placement and bleeding after cord removal. CONCLUSIONS Post-displacement bleeding and discomfort for PTFE cord placement suggest that this technique needs improvement. Therefore further studies are warranted to improve and investigate the physical and biological response to PTFE retraction cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Naseem
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow International Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
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19
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Arkle T, Lam S, Toogood G, Kumar B. How should we secure the cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A UK-wide survey of clinical practice and systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2022; 104:650-654. [PMID: 35196149 PMCID: PMC9685994 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is currently unknown which method of cystic duct closure is most effective at reducing the risk of bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aims of this work were to determine the most common closure methods used in the UK and review available evidence on which method has the lowest risk of bile leak. METHODS We conducted an online survey through the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons (AUGIS). We also undertook a systematic review using PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library for studies that compared different methods for cystic duct occlusion and reported postoperative bile leak. FINDINGS There was significant variation in practice between consultant surgeons. For routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy metal clips were used most (64%) followed by locking polymer clips (33%) and suture ties (3%). In cases of a dilated cystic duct, preferences were locking polymer clips (60%), suture ties (30%) and metal clips (5%). We included six studies in our review with a total of 8,011 patients. Metal clips were associated with an increased odds of bile leak compared with locking polymer clips (OR 5.66, 95% CI 1.13-28.41, p=0.04) or suture ties (OR 4.17, 95% CI 0.72-24.31, p=0.12). Most studies were retrospective, unlikely to be adequately powered, and vulnerable to selection bias. CONCLUSIONS Limited available evidence suggests that metal clips have the highest risk of bile leak, but results are not strong enough to recommend a change in current clinical practice. A trial is now required to determine the best method of cystic duct closure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G Toogood
- Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, UK
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20
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Sirohiya P, Raju Sagiraju H, Baruah M, Singh R, Elavarasi A, Vig S, Ratre B, Kumar B, Pandit A, Bhatnagar S. 428P Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and hospital outcomes of COVID-19 among patients with and without cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Ann Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9719678 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Sirohiya
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - H.K. Raju Sagiraju
- Preventive Oncology, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Baruah
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Singh
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Elavarasi
- Neurology, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Vig
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - B.K. Ratre
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - B. Kumar
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Pandit
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Bhatnagar
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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21
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Aminzadeh A, Arhatari BD, Maksimenko A, Hall CJ, Hausermann D, Peele AG, Fox J, Kumar B, Prodanovic Z, Dimmock M, Lockie D, Pavlov KM, Nesterets YI, Thompson D, Mayo SC, Paganin DM, Taba ST, Lewis S, Brennan PC, Quiney HM, Gureyev TE. Imaging Breast Microcalcifications Using Dark-Field Signal in Propagation-Based Phase-Contrast Tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2022; 41:2980-2990. [PMID: 35584078 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3175924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast microcalcifications are an important primary radiological indicator of breast cancer. However, microcalcification classification and diagnosis may be still challenging for radiologists due to limitations of the standard 2D mammography technique, including spatial and contrast resolution. In this study, we propose an approach to improve the detection of microcalcifications in propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography of breast tissues. Five fresh mastectomies containing microcalcifications were scanned at different X-ray energies and radiation doses using synchrotron radiation. Both bright-field (i.e. conventional phase-retrieved images) and dark-field images were extracted from the same data sets using different image processing methods. A quantitative analysis was performed in terms of visibility and contrast-to-noise ratio of microcalcifications. The results show that while the signal-to-noise and the contrast-to-noise ratios are lower, the visibility of the microcalcifications is more than two times higher in the dark-field images compared to the bright-field images. Dark-field images have also provided more accurate information about the size and shape of the microcalcifications.
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22
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Haines E, Asad S, Lux L, Gan H, Noskoff K, Kumar B, Roggenkamp B, Salsman JM, Birken S. Guidance to Support the Implementation of Specialized Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Care: A Qualitative Analysis of Cancer Programs. JCO Oncol Pract 2022; 18:e1513-e1521. [PMID: 35749679 PMCID: PMC9509058 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The nearly 90,000 adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with cancer in the United States yearly have tended to occupy a no-man's land between medical and pediatric oncology, often reporting that existing models of care are misaligned with their needs and preferences. Although guidelines for optimal AYA cancer care are increasingly available, the implementation of such standards has been varied. This may be in part due to a lack of guidance for implementing specialized AYA care. In this study, we leveraged an implementation science framework to identify barriers and generate practical guidance to inform the implementation of specialized AYA cancer care. METHODS We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, with AYA care stakeholders (N = 32 from 14 cancer programs). Our multidisciplinary research team analyzed interview transcriptions using a template analysis approach and gleaned from interviews practical guidance for implementing specialized AYA care. RESULTS Participants reported barriers to implementing specialized AYA care across all five Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains: (1) intervention characteristics (eg, costs), (2) inner setting (eg, difficulties in collaborating between pediatric and medical oncology), (3) outer setting (eg, patient-level barriers to participating in AYA services), (4) individual characteristics (eg, attitudes about AYA oncology), and (5) process (eg, lack of metrics for program evaluation). They also shared practical guidance for addressing these barriers. CONCLUSION Emerging guidance on the core elements of AYA cancer care must be matched with guidance to support the implementation of specialized AYA care. This study contributes to the body of evidence available to inform future implementation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Haines
- Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Sarah Asad
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lauren Lux
- Comprehensive Cancer Support Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | | | - John M. Salsman
- Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Sarah Birken
- Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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23
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Lam S, Kumar B, Dhatariya K. Screening for diabetes peri-operatively: a reply. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:1180. [PMID: 35864723 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Lam
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - B Kumar
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - K Dhatariya
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Chou W, Lam S, Kumar B. 'Clinical frailty is a risk factor of adverse outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy: analysis of 2011-2017 US hospitals'. Dis Esophagus 2022; 35:6547571. [PMID: 35279719 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Chou
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - S Lam
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Department of Oesophagogastric Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - B Kumar
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Department of Oesophagogastric Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
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25
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Bachelard N, Schumer A, Kumar B, Garay C, Arlandis J, Touzani R, Sebbah P. Coalescence of Anderson-localized modes at an exceptional point in 2D random media. Opt Express 2022; 30:18098-18107. [PMID: 36221617 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In non-Hermitian settings, the particular position at which two eigenstates coalesce in the complex plane under a variation of a physical parameter is called an exceptional point. An open disordered system is a special class of non-Hermitian system, where the degree of scattering directly controls the confinement of the modes. Herein a non-perturbative theory is proposed which describes the evolution of modes when the permittivity distribution of a 2D open dielectric system is modified, thereby facilitating to steer individual eigenstates to such a non-Hermitian degeneracy. The method is used to predict the position of such an exceptional point between two Anderson-localized states in a disordered scattering medium. We observe that the accuracy of the prediction depends on the number of localized states accounted for. Such an exceptional point is experimentally accessible in practically relevant disordered photonic systems.
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26
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Mandal PK, Singha AK, Kumar B, Seth GS, Sarkar S. Analysis of Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic 3-D Rotating Flow and Transfer of Heat in Carbon Nanotube-Water Nanofluid: An Engineering Application. j nanofluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2022.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have analysed unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) 3-D rotating flow of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) water nanofluid past a stretching surface dealing with thermal radiation mechanism of heat transfer and heat source/sink. The mathematical model consists of a system of non-linear coupled
Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Numerical solution is obtained and discussed in detail. The influence of flow dominant parameters on the temperature profiles and flow-field are also discussed in detail using tables and graphs. Results are justified by previously published results in
the limiting sense. Various crucial results are obtained, for example, unsteadiness parameter accelerates the fluid velocities in both directions near the sheet and reverse behaviour is noticed away from the sheet. However, fluid rotation causes reduction in primary velocity but it tends to
accelerate secondary velocity near the sheet. Insertion of nanoparticle volume fraction intensifies fluid velocity and attenuates fluid temperature. We also found that multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) offer more resistance for primary skin friction and less resistance for secondary skin
friction when compared with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Mandal
- Department of Mathematics, Sarala Birla University, Ranchi 835103, Jharkhand, India
| | - A. K. Singha
- Department of Mathematics and Computing, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - B. Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - G. S. Seth
- Department of Mathematics and Computing, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - S. Sarkar
- Department of Mathematics, Banwarilal Bhalotia College (Govt. Aided), Asansol 713303, West Bengal, India
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Lam S, Kumar B, Loke YK, Orme SE, Dhatariya K. Glycated haemoglobin and the risk of postoperative complications in people without diabetes: a prospective population-based study in UK Biobank. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:659-667. [PMID: 35238399 PMCID: PMC9314702 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Summary The aim of our study was to clarify the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and postoperative outcomes in people without an existing diagnosis of diabetes. Half a million adults were recruited into the UK Biobank prospective cohort study between March 2006 and October 2010. We divided participants into three groups: no diagnosis of diabetes and HbA1c < 42 mmol.mol−1; no diagnosis of diabetes and elevated HbA1c (≥ 42 mmol.mol−1 with no upper limit); and prevalent diabetes (regardless of HbA1c concentration) at recruitment. We followed up participants by linkage with routinely collected hospital data to determine any surgical procedures undertaken after recruitment and the associated postoperative outcomes. Our main outcome measure was a composite primary outcome of 30‐day major postoperative complications and 90‐day all‐cause mortality. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of the primary outcome by group. We limited analyses to those who underwent surgery within one year of recruitment (n = 26,653). In a combined effects logistic regression model, participants not known to have diabetes with HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol.mol−1 had increased odds of the primary outcome (OR [95% CI] 1.43 [1.02–2.02]; p = 0.04), when compared with those without diabetes and HbA1c < 42 mmol.mol−1. This effect was attenuated and no longer statistically significant in a direct effects model with adjustment for hyperglycaemia‐related comorbidity (OR [95% CI] 1.37 [0.97–1.93]; p = 0.07). Elevated pre‐operative HbA1c in people without diabetes may be associated with an increased risk of complications, but the association is likely confounded by end‐organ comorbidity. In contrast to previous evidence, our findings suggest that to prevent adverse postoperative outcomes, optimisation of pre‐existing morbidity should take precedence over reducing HbA1c in people without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lam
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Department of General Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - B Kumar
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - Y K Loke
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - S E Orme
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - K Dhatariya
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, UK
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Arora A, Arkle T, Sreedharan L, Kumar B. 60 Neoadjuvant Imatinib Mesylate – an Ace of Spaces for Surgical Management of an Oesophago-Gastric Junction Gastro-Intestinal Stromal Tumour. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Oesophageal gastro-intestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare, accounting for less than five percent of all GIST, with the majority of these occurring at the oesophago-gastric junction (OGJ). Due to the anatomical location and size of these tumours at presentation, surgical resection is often a major undertaking.
Neoadjuvant treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as Imatinib mesylate, have the potential to downstage such tumours, thereby limiting the extent of subsequent surgical resection. This may therefore reduce any potentially associated morbidity and mortality.
Case Description
We report the case of a 75-year-old gentleman who presented with a large OGJ GIST, which presented with dysphagia. The tumour was deemed too large for local excision due to the risk of compromising the lumen at the OGJ in attempting to obtain a clear resection margin. Given the patient’s co-morbidity, oesophagectomy or total gastrectomy was deemed too major an undertaking. Therefore, endoscopic biopsies were obtained with a view to possible neoadjuvant therapy. These confirmed DOG-1 and Exon-11 mutations, suggesting sensitivity to Imatinib mesylate. A standard dose regime of 400mg daily for a planned 36-month course was commenced. Subsequent imaging showed a substantial decrease in tumour bulk and the decision was made to perform a local excision. A local enucleation procedure was performed, and the patient made a sound recovery.
Post-operative histology of resected tumour showed almost complete tumour regression.
Discussion
This significant response to neoadjuvant Imatinib mesylate therapy demonstrates clear potential for its use in similar cases, where radical resection would cause significant morbidity and risk mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Arora
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hopsital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - T. Arkle
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hopsital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - L. Sreedharan
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hopsital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - B. Kumar
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hopsital, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Bhatti S, Evans L, Kumar B. 43 The Value of Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) in the Investigative Pathway of Acute Idiopathic Pancreatitis (AIP). Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac040.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines on the management of acute idiopathic pancreatitis (AIP) state the incidence of idiopathic cases to be no more than 30%. However, before a firm diagnosis of AIP is made, Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) may be used to determine occult causes. This approach may help prevent recurrent attacks which may evolve into chronic pancreatitis.
Method
Retrospective analysis over a one-year period of cases of AIP in a tertiary referral centre was performed to see the incidence of AIP and the role of EUS. Patients with an identifiable cause for pancreatitis were excluded, leaving only those who had received a diagnosis of AIP and the diagnostic value of EUS was examined.
Results
Of the 101 patients diagnosed with AIP, 19% (n=19) underwent an EUS successfully. 79% (n=15) had no underlying cause of pancreatitis identified on EUS. In the remaining 21% of cases (n=4), microlithiasis, ductal stones, and pus requiring drainage were common findings. Of these patents, only 1 was referred for surgery. In the patient group with negative findings on EUS, 4% were unaffected, 2% were referred for surgery, 2% died and 7% had recurrent episodes of pancreatitis.
Conclusions
The results of this study show that EUS is a valuable modality in patients with suspected AIP, with a positive diagnostic rate of 21%. Therefore, we propose EUS needs to be included in the investigative pathway of all suspected AIP. Although EUS is a relatively scarce resource, further research is required to establish guidelines for the investigation of suspected AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.l Bhatti
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - L. Evans
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - B. Kumar
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Ray AK, Vasu B, Murthy PVSN, Anwar Bég O, Gorla RSR, Kumar B. Convective Flow of Non-homogeneous Fluid Conveying Nano-Sized Particles with Non-Fourier Thermal Relaxation: Application in Polymer Coating. Arab J Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nordström C, Kumar B. Country Experience with using the Country Assessment Tool (Lessons learned). Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Findings from the CA show that research and data are largely available, but there are several knowledge gaps and we often lack a comprehensive overview. Gaps include longitudinal studies and knowledge of effects of implemented policy and practice. Lack of knowledge-based practice and policy development is a continuous challenge. Furthermore, we identified a lack of coordination of the migration health field, as well as cross-sectional collaboration.
Lessons learned: The CA and the JAHEE has provided a starting point for conversations with national partners, such as the directorate of health, about how we can strengthen the migration and health field in Norway. The CA has been presented and used in national conferences to highlight gaps and initiate collaboration to mitigate these gaps. The CA tool can become the comprehensive overview that we do not have today. While MIPEX covers integration policy, the CA covers broader topics touching on the work carried out in different sectors and levels in society that affect migrant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nordström
- Cluster for Health Service Analysis and Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Kumar
- Cluster for Health Service Analysis and Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Kumar B. The Country Assessment Tool - process of development and use. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of the Country Assessment (CA) is to give an overview of the migration and health field in the partners' countries. Having an overview of the complex migration and health field enables partners to identify entry points for implementing actions to reduce inequities in migrant's health. The Country Assessment (CA) was based on findings from the projects first deliverable “Policy Framework for Action” (PFA). The PFA mapped key international policy documents between 2007 and 2018. We reviewed and extracted a coherent synthesis we called the ‘Road Map'. The synthesis identified six main areas that is covered in the CA tool: 1) Data and research 2) Governance and leadership 3) Intersectoral action 4) Health Service Responsiveness 5) Migrants access to health services 6) vulnerable groups. The Country Assessment template was piloted by two partner countries, Norway and Italy. The template was revised until all partners were satisfied with the range of questions. Partners then filled in readily available information and examples of available data and policy in their country.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kumar
- Cluster for Health Service Analysis and Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Hayward SE, Deal A, Cheng C, Orcutt M, Norredam M, Veizis A, Campos-Matos I, McKee M, Kumar B, Hargreaves S. Impact of COVID-19 on migrant populations in high-income countries: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2021. [PMCID: PMC8574658 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Migrants in high-income countries (HICs) may have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, yet the extent to which they are impacted, and their predisposing risk factors, are not clearly understood. We did a systematic review to assess clinical outcomes, indirect health and social impacts, and key risk factors in migrants. Methods Our systematic review following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42020222135) identified peer-reviewed and grey literature relating to migrants (foreign-born) and COVID-19 in 82 HICs. Primary outcomes were cases, hospitalisations and deaths from COVID-19 involving migrants; secondary outcomes were indirect health and social impacts and risk factors. Results 3016 data sources were screened with 158 from 15 countries included in the analysis. We found migrants are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and are over-represented among cases (e.g. constituting 42% of cases in Norway [to 27/4/2020], 26% in Denmark [to 7/9/2020], and 32% in Sweden [to 7/5/2020]); some datasets from Europe show migrants may be over-represented in deaths with increased all-cause mortality in migrants in some countries in 2020. Undocumented migrants, migrant health and care workers, and migrants housed in camps have been especially affected, with certain nationality groups disproportionately impacted. Migrants experience a range of risk factors for COVID-19, including high-risk occupations, overcrowded accommodation, and barriers to healthcare including inadequate information, language barriers, and reduced entitlement. Conclusions Migrants in HICs are at high risk of COVID-19, with a range of specific risk factors that have not been well-considered in the public health response to date. These data are of immediate relevance to the policy response to the pandemic, with strategies urgently needed to reduce transmission. Migrant populations must also be better considered in national plans for COVID-19 vaccination roll-out. On behalf of ESGITM Key messages Migrants in high-income countries may be disproportionately represented in COVID-19 infections and deaths, with higher levels of many vulnerabilities and risk factors. Migrants must be better included in all aspects of the pandemic response, including vaccination roll-out.
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Affiliation(s)
- SE Hayward
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, LSHTM, London, UK
| | - A Deal
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, LSHTM, London, UK
| | - C Cheng
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - M Orcutt
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Norredam
- Danish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - A Veizis
- Médecins Sans Frontières Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - I Campos-Matos
- Public Health England, London, UK
- UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - M McKee
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, LSHTM, London, UK
| | - B Kumar
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Hargreaves
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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Abstract
Abstract
The growing body of migrant health research at all levels focuses around disease burden, risk factors/behaviours and on distal factors but research on policy issues remains limited. Internationally published declarations and recommendations to take the migrant health agenda forward address policy issues. However declarations at country are few and not systematically followed up.
The Bergen Declaration was endorsed at Norway's' First National Conference on Migration Health (2018) by the multi-disciplinary participants. The declaration reflects the ‘upstream' and ‘downstream' areas addressed and discussed at the conference and includes concrete recommendations for key areas. It was widely disseminated, including high-level policy makers. Prior to the second Migration Health Conference (2020), the progress of the recommendations were reviewed. Since 2018, Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) in Norway from 2015 was updated in 2019 and a Country Assessment as part of the WP7 of Joint Action on Health Equity Europe (JAHEE) was conducted providing the basis to review the recommendations of the Bergen Declaration. In addition, the 2020 Committee conducted a desk review and search to follow up the recommendations. The review revealed that among identified ‘upstream' areas most progress had been made with data collection and research and the least in policy and governance. Among the ‘downstream' areas some progress was observed regarding practise and access to health services. Education and Training had received some attention. The Bergen Declaration reflects the consensus regarding migrant health and recommendations to address these issues in Norway. Monitoring the progress made through data that included policy review revealed progress and gaps. Progress in research, education and practise was evident whereas policy change was not. Policy makers have not paid heed to the Bergen Declaration.
Key messages
The Bergen Declaration was a useful tool for initiating and monitoring progress in research, education and practice. Declarations do not support advancement of policies and other means are required to push the policies forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kumar
- Unit for Migrant Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Work Package 7, JAHEE, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Nordstrom
- Unit for Migrant Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Work Package 7, JAHEE, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Diaz
- Pandemic Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Unit for Migrant Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Guha Niyogi S, Kumar B, Puri GD, Negi S, Mishra AK, Thingnam SKS. Cardiac output monitoring using transthoracic echocardiography in children after cardiac surgery-an observational study of feasibility and concordance with transpulmonary thermodilution. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is commonly used after pediatric cardiac surgery to monitor cardiac function and adequacy of surgery; however it depends on the availability of good echo window and operator skill [1]. Transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) is feasible along with calibrated continuous cardiac output measurement in children but seldom used due to cost and the need for a specialized catheter [2].
We hypothesized that TTE would be as good as TPTD, but limited in feasibility following pediatric cardiac surgery. Hence, the concordance, agreement as well as feasibility and trending of cardiac output monitoring by TTE was compared against a reference TPTD method in real-world usage in children after congenital heart surgery.
Methods
This was a secondary analysis of data from a previously registered and conducted study in our unit. TPTD monitoring was instituted in children undergoing congenital heart disease repair on cardiopulmonary bypass with a 3F femoral arterial cannula and a central venous injectate temperature sensor.
Cardiac output was also measured by transthoracic echocardiography by measurement of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter, LVOT velocity time integral (VTI) and the heart rate as previously described [3,4]. Measurements were taken after arrival in the ICU, and every 12 hours till after extubation. Correlation, Bland-Altman analysis and polar analysis was done for cardiac output measured by TPTD and TTE.
Results
TTE and TPTD measurements of cardiac output correlated well (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.94; 95% CI 0.90–0.96) (Fig. 1A). Bland Altman analysis showed a mean bias of 0.15 l/min and upper and lower limits of agreement of 0.81 and −0.51 l/min respectively (Fig. 1B). Cardiac output measurement by TTE was possible in 72 instances while TPTD allowed measurement in all 113 instances. Hence, TTE was not feasible in 41 instances across 14 patients, including 19 instances in acyanotic and 22 instances in cyanotic patients. Polar analysis revealed acceptable trending.
Conclusions
TTE derived cardiac output demonstrated good correlation, minimal bias and narrow limits of agreement versus TPTD, and was feasible in most cases. This suggests TTE is an acceptable cardiac output measurement modality post pediatric cardiac surgery, as in adults [5]. TPTD-based continuous cardiac output monitoring might have a complementary role in pediatric cardiac critical care, particularly in high risk cases.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Institutional Special Research Grant from Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Figure 1
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guha Niyogi
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chandigarh, India
| | - B Kumar
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chandigarh, India
| | - G D Puri
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Negi
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Chandigarh, India
| | - A K Mishra
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K S Thingnam
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Chandigarh, India
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Kumar B, Ram H. Biofortification of maize fodder with zinc improves forage
productivity and nutritive value for livestock. J Anim Feed Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/135932/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Biswas I, Bahl A, Kumar B, Singh H, Thingnam S, Puri G. COVID-19 Infection in a 13-year-old Heart Transplant Recipient in Immediate Post Transplant Period - A Case Report. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [PMCID: PMC7979411 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Experience regarding course and outcome of Covid-19 infection in heart transplant recipients is limited. Case fatality rate of 25% of covid-19 infection in adult recipients of heart transplant and mild and self-limited disease in young heart transplant patients have been reported in small case series. We describe a case where a 13 year old patient contracted covid-19 infection on 7th post-operative day after undergoing heart transplant and was subsequently discharged from hospital uneventfully. Case Report A 13 year old boy, with dilated cardiomyopathy underwent orthotopic heart transplant surgery. In the immediate pre-operative period, the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) of nasopharyngeal swabs of both the recipient and the brain-dead organ donor were negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS CoV 2). The intraoperative and immediate postoperative periods were uneventful. The recipient got weaned off from mechanical ventilation on the 1st postoperative day and O2 support was weaned off on 4th postoperative day. He was put on immunosuppressive regimen consisting of mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus and prednisone. On 7th postoperative day, he complained of fever, sore throat and dry cough. Nasopharyngeal swab for RTPCR was sent. It reported positive for SARS CoV 2. He was shifted to isolation facility. He maintained more than 94% saturation on pulse oximetry in room air. Immunosuppressive regimen was continued. He was administered 5-day course of remdesivir. Inotropic support was weaned off on 10th postoperative day. On serial bedside echocardiography, the allograft function was found to be normal throughout. He was kept on prophylactic antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-cytomegaloviral therapy and on prophylactic dose of low molecular weight heparin. There was initial rise in neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (17), C reactive protein (58 mg/l), ferritin (871 ng/ml), D-dimer (1904 ng/ml), Troponin T (227 pg/ml) levels, which gradually came down to within normal limits. He was discharged on 38th postoperative day to a home isolation facility as his RTPCR for SARS CoV 2 was still positive, although he remained completely asymptomatic for the last 21 days. Summary The course of Covid-19 infection in the immediate post-transplant period of this young heart transplant recipient was largely uneventful.
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Sarkar M, Bag P, Kumar B, A. Chawla P. Development and Validation by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Estimation of Piperine and Coenzyme Q10 in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form. Indian J Pharm Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Khurana P, Gupta A, Sugadev R, Sharma YK, Varshney R, Ganju L, Kumar B. nSARS-Cov-2, pulmonary edema and thrombosis: possible molecular insights using miRNA-gene circuits in regulatory networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:16. [PMID: 33209992 PMCID: PMC7596315 DOI: 10.1186/s41544-020-00057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Given the worldwide spread of the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (nSARS-CoV-2) infection pandemic situation, research to repurpose drugs, identify novel drug targets, vaccine candidates have created a new race to curb the disease. While the molecular signature of nSARS-CoV-2 is still under investigation, growing literature shows similarity among nSARS-CoV-2, pulmonary edema, and thromboembolic disorders due to common symptomatic features. A network medicine approach is used to to explore the molecular complexity of the disease and to uncover common molecular trajectories of edema and thrombosis with nSARS-CoV-2. Results and conclusion A comprehensive nSARS-CoV-2 responsive miRNA: Transcription Factor (TF): gene co-regulatory network was built using host-responsive miRNAs and it’s associated tripartite, Feed-Forward Loops (FFLs) regulatory circuits were identified. These regulatory circuits regulate signaling pathways like virus endocytosis, viral replication, inflammatory response, pulmonary vascularization, cell cycle control, virus spike protein stabilization, antigen presentation, etc. A unique miRNA-gene regulatory circuit containing a consortium of four hub FFL motifs is proposed to regulate the virus-endocytosis and antigen-presentation signaling pathways. These regulatory circuits also suggest potential correlations/similarity in the molecular mechanisms during nSARS-CoV-2 infection, pulmonary diseases and thromboembolic disorders and thus could pave way for repurposing of drugs. Some important miRNAs and genes have also been proposed as potential candidate markers. A detailed molecular snapshot of TGF signaling as the common pathway, that could play an important role in controlling common pathophysiologies among diseases, is also put forth. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s41544-020-00057-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Khurana
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - A Gupta
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - R Sugadev
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Y K Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - R Varshney
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - L Ganju
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - B Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
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Barwad P, Lokhandwala Y, Kumar B, Vyas A, Shah V, Vichare S, Bachani N. Surgical cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with VT storm: long term follow-up data. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Surgical Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation (CSD) is a procedure which involves surgical removal of terminal cervical and thoracic sympathetic ganglion for reducing sympathetic discharge to the heart. CSD is usually performed as a last desperate measure in treatment of ventricular tachycardia (VT). We report here the clinical profile and long-term follow-up of all our patients who underwent CSD (unilateral or bilateral) predominantly upfront prior to considering catheter ablation of VT for VT storm.
Material and methods
We retrospectively collected data of all patients who underwent CSD for VT storm between year 2010 till 2019. Success of CSD was defined as successful discharge of patient from the hospital after the procedure more than 75% decrease in the frequency of VT after two weeks of surgical procedure.
Results
A total of 65 patients underwent CSD in the above-mentioned period and the average duration of follow-up was 28 months. The clinical parameters, demographic data and outcome analysis is provided in details in table 1. Only 14 (21.5%) patients underwent attempt of catheter ablation of VT prior to considering CSD. CSD was successful in 53 (81.5%) of patients. There was a significant decline in the incidence of number of ICD or external shocks before and after CSD (25.2±39.4 vs 1.09±2.9) respectively. There was no significant effect of CSD on ejection fraction. None of the available clinical parameters predicted the success of CSD.
Discussion and conclusion
The current retrospective analysis reemphasize the role of surgical CSD in treatment of patients with VT storm. As in predominant patient's CSD was performed even before the attempting catheter-based ablation, it brings in a new dimension in the treatment of VT. Efficacy of CSD (81.5%) in experienced hand is equivalent or even better than catheter-based ablation in patients with VT storm.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barwad
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - B Kumar
- holy family Heart Institute, Cardiology, Mumbai, India
| | - A Vyas
- holy family Heart Institute, Cardiology, Mumbai, India
| | - V Shah
- holy family Heart Institute, Cardiology, Mumbai, India
| | - S Vichare
- holy family Heart Institute, Cardiology, Mumbai, India
| | - N Bachani
- holy family Heart Institute, Cardiology, Mumbai, India
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Vellaiyan S, Subramanian S, Ayyalusamy A, Kantapalayem K, Kumar B. Feasibility of Deformed MR Contours in Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy of Liver. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Rajasekaran E, Kumar B, Muruganandhan R, Raman SV, Devi GN. CFD simulation of convective heat transfer in vessel with mechanical agitation for milk. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:3667-3676. [PMID: 32904016 PMCID: PMC7447747 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS Fluent software has been carried out to investigate velocity profiles and thermal characteristics of milk during heating under mechanically agitated condition. In earlier article experimental data on forced convection heat transfer coefficient h - and correlations of the form N u = a · R e b · P r 0.33 for cow milk, standardised milk and full cream milk in Baffled vessel and Unbaffled vessel with scraping, using Propeller, Flat Six Blade Turbine (FBT), Inclined Six Blade Turbine (IBT) and Paddle impellers were reported. It was noted milk in Baffled vessel with Paddle impeller provided highest h - even at lower rotational speeds followed by Propeller, FBT and IBT impellers. In Unbaffled vessel with scraping, Propeller provided the highest h - followed by FBT and IBT impellers. Hence, the present investigation has been carried out to validate and understand how different velocity of flow currents and their magnitude influence the heat transfer coefficient values in CFD simulation. It also justifies the relative performance of the impellers delineated in the earlier paper. In addition, theoretical values of heat transfer coefficients computed using CFD shows close agreement with experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Rajasekaran
- Department of Printing Technology, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - B. Kumar
- Department of Printing Technology, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - R. Muruganandhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - S. V. Raman
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - G. Nandhini Devi
- Centre for Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600025 India
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Al-Gallas N, Khadraoui N, Hotzel H, Tomaso H, El-Adawy H, Neubauer H, Belghouthi K, Ghedira K, Gautam HK, Kumar B, Laouini D, Zarrouk S, Abbassi MS, Aissa RB. Quinolone resistance among Salmonella Kentucky and Typhimurium isolates in Tunisia: first report of Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 in Africa and qnrB19 in Tunisia. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:807-818. [PMID: 32780929 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Characterization of quinolone-resistant Salmonella Kentucky and Typhimurium isolates in Tunisia from various sources, detection of some plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and the genetic relatedness. METHODS A total of 1404 isolates of S. Kentucky (n = 1059)/S. Typhimurium (n = 345) from various sources from all over Tunisia were tested for quinolone resistance by disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were determined. Quinolone-resistant isolates were screened for plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance genes (qnrA,qnrB,qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mutations in the quinolone-resistance-determining regions of the gyrA and parC genes were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing were accomplished for isolates harbouring plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance genes. RESULTS According to our selection criteria (NAL = resistance phenotype; CIP = resistant with diameter 0, or intermediate), only 63 S. Kentucky/41 S. Typhimurium isolates were investigated: 49% (5/104) were multidrug resistant. Two S. Typhimurium isolates harboured qnrB19 with different PFGE profiles. A mutation was detected in the gyrA gene for each of these two isolates. MLST revealed the presence of ST313 and ST34, an endemic sequence type. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the presence of quinolone multidrug-resistant Salmonella in humans and animals in Tunisia. This is the first report of S. Typhimurium ST34 in Africa and qnrB19 in Tunisia. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report that describes not only the current epidemiological situation of the quinolone resistance in S. Kentucky and Typhimurium isolated from various sources and regions in Tunisia, but also, the genetic resistance determinants associated with phenotypic antibiotic resistance and the molecular mechanisms of their quinolone-resistance. Also, we provide the first report of S. Typhimurium ST34 in Africa, and the first report of qnrB19 in Salmonella in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Al-Gallas
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens - Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hafar Al-Batin (UHB), City Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Khadraoui
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens - Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - H Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - H Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - H El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - H Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - K Belghouthi
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens - Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - K Ghedira
- Group of Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modeling, Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnologies and Biomolecules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - H K Gautam
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - B Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - D Laouini
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - S Zarrouk
- Genomics Platform, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M S Abbassi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Insitute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - R B Aissa
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens - Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
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Hasha W, Fadnes LT, Igland J, Strømme EM, Younes JH, Kumar B, Diaz E. Effect of group treatment on physical inactivity among Syrian refugees. Randomized controlled trial. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Refugees in Norway show low levels of physical activity, and have relatively high prevalence of pain disorders and post-traumatic symptoms. Physical inactivity can be both a cause of and a consequence of physical and mental symptoms. In CHART study (Changing Health and health care needs Along the Syrian Refugees' Trajectories to Norway), two group interventions, one based on physiotherapy and body awareness (PAAI) and the other on Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT), were developed to treat patients with pain disorders and/or post-traumatic symptoms.
Objective
As a secondary outcome of study, we assessed the effect of these group interventions on physical inactivity.
Methods
We conducted a randomized controlled trial testing two group interventions. Syrian adults ≥16 years with pain and/or post-traumatic symptoms were randomized to either intervention group or control group. Effect of the intervention was measured after 8 (PAAI) and 6 (TRT) weeks, as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals for being inactive for intervention versus control groups, using log-binomial regression with adjustment for baseline inactivity and type of intervention (PAAI or TRT).
Results
177 Syrian refugees were recruited between July 2018-September 2019. 88 were randomized to the intervention group and 89 to the control group. Mean age was 35 years (SD 11) and 38% were women. Inactivity at recruitment was reported by 126 (71%) participants. The follow-up questionnaire was completed at 6/8 weeks by 116 (66%) participants. At that point, 39% in the intervention group were inactive as compared to 56% in the control group. RR for inactivity for the intervention group adjusted for inactivity at baseline was 0.68 (0.47-0.99) and remained 0.68 (0.48-0.99) when further adjusting for type of intervention (PAAI vs TRT).
Conclusions
PAAI and TRT group interventions reduced inactivity among refugees by 32%. Effect on physical inactivity was similar between PAAI and TRT interventions.
Key messages
Public health care should be aware of physical inactivity, especially in relation to pain disorders and post-traumatic symptoms among refugees. Group treatment interventions succeeded to encourage refugees to increase their physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hasha
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L T Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - E M Strømme
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J H Younes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Kumar
- Unit for Migration and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Diaz
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Unit for Migration and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Pang JM, Castles B, Byrne D, Button P, Lakhani S, Sivasubramaniam V, Cooper W, Armes J, Millar E, Raymond W, Roberts-Thomson S, Kumar B, Burr M, Selinger C, Harvey K, Chan C, Beith J, O'Toole S, Fox S. 297P SP142 immunohistochemistry (IHC) PD-L1 inter- and intra-pathologist agreement in triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC). Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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46
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Nordström C, Kumar B. Are Norwegian Municipality policies enabling intersectoral collaboration in migration health? Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Issue
Sporadic accounts of initiatives, interventions and good practices in Migrant Health at the Municipality level account for Norways' lower score on “Measures to achieve change” in the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX). While the structure and organization at the municipality level should enable intersectoral action (as all under one umbrella), the municipal counties say lack of intersectoral collaboration is one of the main barriers for long-term public health work.
Description of the Problem
51 municipalities have an immigrant population larger than the national average 17,8% (2019). In a recent Country Assessment (part of Joint Action on Health Equity Europe), limited inter-sectoral action on the social determinants of health including migration was observed. Although multiple agencies are engaged in attempts to address these issues. While there is a drive to promote public health and primary health care in municipalities, these initiatives do not pay special attention to migrants. In the first stage of this project, we have reviewed municipal policy documents to map policy and measures on public health, migrant health and intersectoral collaboration. In the second stage, municipalities will be contacted to engage them in the implementation of intersectoral actions.
Results
The desk review and mapping show that only 8 of the “top” 32 municipalities mention “intersectoral” in the municipal master plan (5 were not available online), its mentioned in 9 action program/budgets, but not necessarily by the same municipalities. 15 of the municipalities mention migrants, but rarely in relation to health. We observe that, the size of the municipality, financial resources and support from the County are factors that may play a significant role in prioritising migrant health and intersectoral collaboration.
Lessons
Advocating for and supporting the local/municipal level for intersectoral action is highly relevant, timely and essential.
Key messages
Intersectoral action on the social determinants of migrants’ health needs to be implemented through municipal policies to reduce inequities in migrants’ health. Implementation on the local level is the main arena for good public health work and is crucial to ensure good health for migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nordström
- Cluster for Health Service Analysis and Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lysaker, Norway
| | - B Kumar
- Cluster for Health Service Analysis and Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lysaker, Norway
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Lisk DR, Ngobeh F, Kumar B, Moses F, Russell JB. Stroke in Sierra Leonean Africans:Perspectives from a Private Health Facility. West Afr J Med 2020; 37:418-422. [PMID: 32835406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several stroke studies in West Africans have demonstrated a high proportion of haemorrhagic stroke and poor outcomes. This may be due to the socioeconomic status of patients and inadequate clinical care. Outcomes may well be different if more informed patients treated in better facilities are studied. OBJECTIVE To study the pattern of stroke and stroke outcomes in African patients attending a private hospital in Sierra Leone METHODS: 150 consecutive African stroke patients admitted to a private hospital in Sierra Leone were studied. Demographic details, risk factors, clinical features including blood pressure were recorded. CT scans, ECG, serum cholesterol, and blood sugar were done. Patients were reviewed at day 30 and Rankin scores allocated. Two sample independent t-test was used to compare means, and chi square to compare variables. RESULTS Hypertension was the most common risk factor present in 77.6% of patients prior to admission with diabetes in 29.5%. Other risk factors include previous stroke (11.7%), smoking (6.3%), hypercholesterolemia (23.4%), high alcohol intake (28.8%) and lack of exercise according to self-evaluation (87.5%). 76.3% of patients had ischaemic and 18.2% haemorrhagic stroke. 41% of patients aged 50 years or less had haemorrhagic stroke and 9.3% of patients had atrial fibrillation. In-patient mortality was 10.6%. CONCLUSION Stroke types and outcomes are different from those generally reported from the sub-region. This may well be due to the population studied, and the level of care provided by a private facility. Socio-economic factors, literacy and clinical care are likely determinants of stroke types and outcomes in African patients. . More detailed studies to confirm the effects of socioeconomic factors on stroke pattern and outcomes in Africa are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Lisk
- Department of Internal Medicine,Faculty of Clinical Sciences,College of Medicine And Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone
| | - F Ngobeh
- Department of Internal Medicine,Faculty of Clinical Sciences,College of Medicine And Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone
| | - B Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine,Choithrams Memorial Hospital,Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - F Moses
- Department of Internal Medicine,Faculty of Clinical Sciences,College of Medicine And Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone
| | - J B Russell
- Department of Internal Medicine,Faculty of Clinical Sciences,College of Medicine And Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone
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Nordström C, Kumar B. Can innovative digital collaborations help overcome barriers to intersectoral collaboration? Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Issue
Health in all policies is desirable, but moving from the silos approach is a challenge for health care systems. New health policies require more cooperation and broader collaboration between governmental, private and volunteer sector, as well as across professions. Though it is key to implementation of national policies and long-term public health work at the local level, intersectoral collaboration remains elusive. Professionals working with public health and migrant health across Norway often work independently of each other and other sectors.
Description of the Problem
Evaluation of the Norwegian network for migrant friendly hospitals showed that with the opportunity to meet and share experiences, participants used the new knowledge and network in developing their practice and organisation of services. They experienced greater support to challenge status quo in their institutions. However, fear of making the network “too big to handle” is a barrier to creating intersectoral network. In a recent survey (2017), health personnel ask for digital solutions for finding resources and support in their practice to give better health care to immigrant patients.
Results
The newly (2020) knowledge HUB part of JAHEE actions brings stakeholders together at the local, regional and national level, ensuring access to the same knowledge, increase evidence based decisions among stakeholders when choosing interventions on the local, regional and national level, including sharing of good practices and promising initiatives at a national level so that they can be replicated.
Lessons
Professional networks that are coordinated and collaborative are important for development of services and implementation of measures for migrant health. However, expanding them across sectors and fields may create challenges. Combining sectoral networks with a common digital platform may overcome some of these challenges.
Key messages
Exploiting the potential of collaborative digital solutions may help overcome some barriers to intersectoral approach to migrant health. Coordinated collaborative professional networks can support the participants in developing their practice and organisation of services for migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nordström
- Cluster for Health Service Analysis and Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Kumar
- Cluster for Health Service Analysis and Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Haj-Younes J, Strømme E, Hasha W, Igland J, Abildsnes E, Kumar B, Diaz E. Access to healthcare and self-rated health among refugees in transit and after arrival in Norway. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lack of basic infrastructure and poor provision of health services in conflict settings and during flight can have a negative impact on health. The overall health status of refugees seems to improve after arrival at a safe destination. This may be related to a safer environment and better access to health care services, but prior studies on this topic are limited. This study aims to assess self-perceived access to healthcare and its relationship with self-rated health (SRH) among refugees in transit and when settled in a host country.
Methods
We used data from the CHART study (Changing Health and health care needs Along the Syrian Refugees' Trajectories to Norway), which includes a cohort of 353 Syrian refugees who were contacted in 2017-2018 in Lebanon while waiting for relocation, and one year after their arrival to Norway. Information on self-perceived access to healthcare and its association with SRH was analyzed separately at each time-point. Data analysis was performed with STATA using logistic regression adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity and years of education and presented as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% CI.
Results
Fifteen percent reported good access to healthcare and 62% reported good SRH in Lebanon vs. 91% and 77% respectively, in Norway. Measures in Lebanon showed no association between access to healthcare and good SRH (AOR: 1.2 (0.6-2.2)), and men reported worse access to healthcare than women (AOR: 0.5 (0.3-1.0). In Norway, access to healthcare was strongly associated with good SRH (AOR: 4.7 (2.1-10.7) and was negatively associated with belonging to one specific minority group (AOR: 0.1 (0.0-0.3)).
Conclusions
Both SRH and perceived access to care improved from being in transit to being settled in Norway, the latter substantially more. There was a significant association between access to healthcare and good SRH after the refugees' arrival to a safe host country but not in transit.
Key messages
Refugee’s self-reported health and access to healthcare seem to improve shortly after arrival to a host country. To ensure that the UN’S Sustainable Development Goals concerning health equity are reached, refugees’ access to healthcare in transit and its impact on overall health needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haj-Younes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Strømme
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - W Hasha
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Abildsnes
- Kristiansand Municipality, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - B Kumar
- Unit for Migration and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Diaz
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Unit for Migration and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Kumar B. Violence prevention in vulnerable groups: the case of children and gender-based violence. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
As of January 2018, nearly 50 million children had been uprooted from their homes due to violence, poverty or natural disasters. In 2016, one in four people seeking asylum in the EU are children.
An analysis of nationally representative survey data on the prevalence of violence against children in 96 countries estimates that 1 billion children globally have experienced emotional, physical or sexual violence in the past year. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, ratified by nearly all states, must be fully implemented complied with. To support the implementation of the Convention, ten UN agencies incl. WHO have published the INSPIRE Handbook a technical package with seven strategies to end violence against children.
Another significant public health issue that needs to be addressed is sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Evidence shows that being an irregular migrant or asylum seeker appears to make an individual more vulnerable to SGBV, including sexual assault and rape by traffickers and smugglers. Working alongside displaced communities and with different partners across multiple sectors are the strategies to reduce the risks of SGBV and to ensure support for survivors.
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