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Dumont M, Milgram J, Herrel A, Shahar R, Shacham B, Houssin C, Delapré A, Cornette R, Segall M. Show Me Your Teeth And I Will Tell You What You Eat: Differences in Tooth Enamel in Snakes with Different Diets. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:265-275. [PMID: 37156518 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Teeth are composed of the hardest tissues in the vertebrate body and have been studied extensively to infer diet in vertebrates. The morphology and structure of enamel is thought to reflect feeding ecology. Snakes have a diversified diet, some species feed on armored lizards, others on soft invertebrates. Yet, little is known about how tooth enamel, and specifically its thickness, is impacted by diet. In this study, we first describe the different patterns of enamel distribution and thickness in snakes. Then, we investigate the link between prey hardness and enamel thickness and morphology by comparing the dentary teeth of 63 species of snakes. We observed that the enamel is deposited asymmetrically at the antero-labial side of the tooth. Both enamel coverage and thickness vary a lot in snakes, from species with thin enamel, only at the tip of the tooth to a full facet covered with enamel. There variations are related with prey hardness: snakes feeding on hard prey have a thicker enamel and a lager enamel coverage while species. Snakes feeding on softer prey have a thin enamel layer confined to the tip of the tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïtena Dumont
- Laboratory of Bone Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, HUJI, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joshua Milgram
- Laboratory of Bone Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, HUJI, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ron Shahar
- Laboratory of Bone Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, HUJI, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Boaz Shacham
- National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Céline Houssin
- Institut de Systématique Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, CP 50, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Delapré
- Institut de Systématique Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, CP 50, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- Institut de Systématique Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, CP 50, Paris, France
| | - Marion Segall
- Institut de Systématique Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, CP 50, Paris, France
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
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Shacham B, Bar Shmuel N, Manor R, Malihi Y, Avidan Y, Cohen O. Rodents and reptiles as bioindicators for assessing coastal dune restoration success following invasive acacia removal. Restor Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Shacham
- National Natural History Collections The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel
| | - Nitsan Bar Shmuel
- The Laboratory of Invasive Plants Shamir Research Institute, Haifa University Kazrin Israel
| | - Regev Manor
- The Laboratory of Invasive Plants Shamir Research Institute, Haifa University Kazrin Israel
| | | | - Yael Avidan
- Marco and Louise Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Israel
| | - Oded Cohen
- The Laboratory of Invasive Plants Shamir Research Institute, Haifa University Kazrin Israel
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Ribeiro‐Júnior MA, Tamar K, Maza E, Flecks M, Wagner P, Shacham B, Calvo M, Geniez P, Crochet P, Koch C, Meiri S. Taxonomic revision of the
Tropiocolotes nattereri
(Squamata, Gekkonidae) species complex, with the description of a new species from Israel, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. ZOOL SCR 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Tamar
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Erez Maza
- School of Zoology Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Morris Flecks
- Herpetology Section Centre for Taxonomy and Morphology Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change Bonn Germany
| | | | - Boaz Shacham
- The National Natural History Collections The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Marta Calvo
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales Madrid Spain
| | - Philippe Geniez
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive Univ Montpellier CNRS PSL‐EPHE IRD Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Pierre‐André Crochet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive Univ Montpellier CNRS EPHE, IRD Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Claudia Koch
- Herpetology Section Centre for Taxonomy and Morphology Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change Bonn Germany
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
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Mumcuoglu KY, Arslan-Akveran G, Aydogdu S, Karasartova D, Kosar N, Gureser AS, Shacham B, Taylan-Ozkan A. Pathogens in ticks collected in Israel: I. Bacteria and protozoa in Hyalomma aegyptium and Hyalomma dromedarii collected from tortoises and camels. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 13:101866. [PMID: 34798529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ticks were collected from 30 Greek tortoise (Testudo graeca), and 10 Arabian camels (dromedary) (Camelus dromedarius) in Israel. All those collected from Greek tortoises belonged to Hyalomma aegyptium, while all specimens collected from the camels belonged to Hyalomma dromedarii. Out of 84 specimens of H. aegyptium, 31 pools were examined by PCR, while from 75 H. dromedarii specimens nine pools were studied. Out of 31 pools of H. aegyptium 26 were positive for pathogens or endosymbiont; 14 for one, 11 for two and one for three pathogens. Out of nine pools prepared from H. dromedarii, seven were positive for pathogens (two for C. burnetii and five for Leishmania infantum). In H. aegyptium, Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia endosymbiont, Coxiella burnetii, Hemolivia mauritanica, Babesia microti, Theileria sp., and Leishmania infantum was detected, while in H. dromedarii C. burnetii and L. infantum were found. None of the ticks were positive for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia, Listeria monocytogenes, Bartonella spp., Hepatozoon spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. H Rickettsia endosymbionts, C. burnetii, B. microti, Theileria sp. and L. infantum are reported for the first time in H. aegyptium, and C. burnetii and L. infantum for the first time in H. dromedarii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosta Y Mumcuoglu
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Gonul Arslan-Akveran
- Department of Food Processing, Alaca Avni Celik Vocational School, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Sabiha Aydogdu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | | | - Nezahat Kosar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | | | - Boaz Shacham
- National Natural History Collections, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aysegul Taylan-Ozkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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Eshar D, Ammersbach M, Shacham B, Katzir G, Beaufrère H. Venous blood gases, plasma biochemistry, and hematology of wild-caught common chameleons (Chamaeleo chamaeleon). Can J Vet Res 2018; 82:106-114. [PMID: 29755190 PMCID: PMC5914082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine a wide range of selected hematologic, venous blood gases, and plasma biochemistry analytes in common chameleons (Chamaeleo chamaeleon). Blood samples were collected from the ventral tail vein of 41 common chameleons to determine reference intervals for 30 different blood analytes. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio, packed cell volume (PCV), refractometric total solids (TS), blood cell counts, and differentials were also determined. The microscopic evaluation of blood smears revealed inclusion bodies in monocytes in 7 of the samples. Females showed significantly higher values of plasma proteins and calcium and cholesterol concentrations and males showed significantly higher values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) plasma concentrations. Significant differences were found between similar analytes determined by different testing methodologies in the PCV/hematocrit, electrolytes (sodium, potassium), and plasma proteins [TS, total protein (TP) and albumin]. Blood analytes determined in this study can provide baseline data that may be useful when evaluating the health status of common chameleons, taking into consideration the potential effects of gender and the type of analyzer used.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eshar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA (Eshar); Department of Pathobiology (Ammersbach) and Health Sciences Center (Beaufrère), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, E. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel (Shacham); Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel (Katzir)
| | - Melanie Ammersbach
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA (Eshar); Department of Pathobiology (Ammersbach) and Health Sciences Center (Beaufrère), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, E. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel (Shacham); Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel (Katzir)
| | - Boaz Shacham
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA (Eshar); Department of Pathobiology (Ammersbach) and Health Sciences Center (Beaufrère), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, E. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel (Shacham); Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel (Katzir)
| | - Gad Katzir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA (Eshar); Department of Pathobiology (Ammersbach) and Health Sciences Center (Beaufrère), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, E. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel (Shacham); Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel (Katzir)
| | - Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA (Eshar); Department of Pathobiology (Ammersbach) and Health Sciences Center (Beaufrère), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, E. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel (Shacham); Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Avenue, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel (Katzir)
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Friedemann G, Leshem Y, Kerem L, Shacham B, Bar-Massada A, McClain KM, Bohrer G, Izhaki I. Multidimensional differentiation in foraging resource use during breeding of two sympatric top predators. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35031. [PMID: 27725734 PMCID: PMC5057159 DOI: 10.1038/srep35031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecologically-similar species were found to develop specific strategies to partition their resources, leading to niche differentiation and divergence, in order to avoid interspecific competition. Our study determines multi-dimensional differentiation of two sympatric top-predators, long-legged buzzards (LLB) and short-toed eagles (STE), which recently became sympatric during their breeding season in the Judean Foothills, Israel. By combining information from comprehensive diet and movement analyses we found four dimensions of differentiation: (1) Geographic foraging area: LLB tended to forage relatively close to their nests (2.35 ± 0.62 km), while STE forage far from their nest (13.03 ± 2.20 km); (2) Foraging-habitat type: LLBs forage at low natural vegetation, avoiding cultivated fields, whereas STEs forage in cultivated fields, avoiding low natural vegetation; (3) Diurnal dynamics of foraging: LLBs are uniformly active during daytime, whereas STEs activity peaks in the early afternoon; and (4) Food-niche: while both species largely rely on reptiles (47.8% and 76.3% for LLB and STE, respectively), LLB had a more diverse diet and consumed significantly higher percentages of lizards, while STE consumed significantly higher percentages of snakes. Our results suggest that this multidimensional differentiation allows the spatial coexistence of these two dense populations in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilad Friedemann
- Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yossi Leshem
- Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Lior Kerem
- Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Boaz Shacham
- National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Bar-Massada
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, Kiryat Tivon, Israel
| | - Krystaal M. McClain
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ido Izhaki
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
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Rotem G, Gavish Y, Shacham B, Giladi I, Bouskila A, Ziv Y. Erratum to: Combined effects of climatic gradient and domestic livestock grazing on reptile community structure in a heterogeneous agroecosystem. Oecologia 2015; 180:243-4. [PMID: 26527461 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Rotem
- Spatial Ecology Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel. .,Behavioral Ecology Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Yoni Gavish
- Spatial Ecology Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Boaz Shacham
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itamar Giladi
- Spatial Ecology Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Amos Bouskila
- Behavioral Ecology Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yaron Ziv
- Spatial Ecology Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Shacham B, Federman R, Lahav-Ginott S, Werner YL. The northward extension of reptiles in the Palearctic, with the Jordan Valley (Israel) as a model: snakes outrace lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). J NAT HIST 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1083057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Shacham
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roy Federman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shimrit Lahav-Ginott
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehudah L. Werner
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Rato C, Brito JC, Carretero MA, Larbes S, Shacham B, Harris DJ. Phylogeography and genetic diversity ofPsammophis schokari(Serpentes) in North Africa based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. African Zoology 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2007.11407383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Roll U, Tallowin O, Berkowic D, Maza E, Ostrometzky Y, Slavenko A, Shacham B, Tamar K, Meiri S. Rueppel’s Snake-eyed Skink, Ablepharus rueppellii (Gray, 1839) (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae): distribution extension and geographic range in Israel. cl 2013. [DOI: 10.15560/9.2.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a new locality for Rueppel’s Snake-eyed skink (Ablepharus rueppellii) in Southern Israel – near Shivta Junction. This record extends the known distribution of this species in Israel by ~25km. We examined all known localities of this species in Israel and the adjacent Sinai Peninsula (Egypt), and discuss some discrepancies between them and currently published range maps, including the one produced by the IUCN.
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Loos J, Dayan T, Drescher N, Levanony T, Maza E, Shacham B, Talbi R, Assmann T. Habitat preferences of the Levant Green Lizard, Lacerta media israelica (Peters, 1964). Zoology in the Middle East 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2011.10638475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Loos
- a Leuphana University Lueneburg, Institute of Ecology , Lueneburg , 21335 , Germany
| | - Tamar Dayan
- b Tel-Aviv University, Department of Zoology , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Nora Drescher
- a Leuphana University Lueneburg, Institute of Ecology , Lueneburg , 21335 , Germany
| | - Tal Levanony
- b Tel-Aviv University, Department of Zoology , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Erez Maza
- b Tel-Aviv University, Department of Zoology , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Boaz Shacham
- c Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology , Jerusalem , 91905 , Israel
| | - Roy Talbi
- d University of Haifa, Faculty of Science and Science Education , Haifa , 31905 , Israel
| | - Thorsten Assmann
- a Leuphana University Lueneburg, Institute of Ecology , Lueneburg , 21335 , Germany
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Shifman S, Shacham B, Werner YL. Tropiocolotes nattereri(Reptilia: Gekkonidae): comments on validity, variation and distribution. Zoology in the Middle East 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.1999.10637768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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