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Lee P, Kurscheid JM, Laksono B, Park MJ, Clements ACA, Lowe C, Stewart DE, Gray DJ. Model validation for a knowledge and practices survey towards prevention of soil-transmitted helminth infections in rural villages in Indonesia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1444. [PMID: 36697451 PMCID: PMC9876981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection is estimated to be around 20% in Indonesia. Health promotion and health education are cost-effective strategies to supplement STH prevention and control programs. Existing studies suggest that quantitative tools for knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) are important to monitor effective community-based STH interventions. However, evidence is limited regarding the applicability of such tools. This study aims to identify the socio-demographic predictors for STH-related knowledge and practices and validate the quantitative tools in population use. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among residents of 16 villages in Central Java, Indonesia. Adult and child respondents were interviewed to assess general knowledge and practices in relation to STH. Two mixed effects models identified the significant factors in predicting knowledge and practice scores. The model predicted knowledge and practice scores were compared with the observed scores to validate the quantitative measurements developed in this study. Participants' socio-demographic variables were significant in predicting an individual's STH-related knowledge level and their hand washing and hygiene practices, taking into account household-level variability. Model validation results confirmed that the quantitative measurement tools were suitable for assessing STH associated knowledge and behaviour. The questionnaire developed in this study can be used to support school- and community-based health education interventions to maximize the effect of STH prevention and control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lee
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J M Kurscheid
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.,Health Systems Support Unit, Swiss Centre for International Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Laksono
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - M J Park
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - A C A Clements
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - C Lowe
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.
| | - D E Stewart
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - D J Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
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Lowe C, Sarma H, Kelly M, Kurscheid J, Laksono B, Amaral S, Stewart D, Gray D. Association of soybean-based food with the prevalence of anaemia among reproductive-aged men and women in rural Central Java, Indonesia. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-9. [PMID: 34957940 PMCID: PMC9991750 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021005000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between soybean consumption and anaemic status in Central Java, Indonesia. DESIGN As part of an overarching sanitation improvement intervention in Central Java, Indonesia, we conducted a cross-sectional study in four rural villages. The study consisted of a 24-h food recall, anthropometric measurements, blood Hb measurement and stool sampling to test for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection status. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to test the association between soybean consumption and anaemic status after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, STH infection, dietary diversity and anthropometric status. SETTING This study took place in four rural villages of Wonosobo regency, Central Java, Indonesia. PARTICIPANTS Participants were rural villagers aged between 15 and 49 years. RESULTS A total sample size of 763 was attained, of which 231 were anaemic. The prevalence of anaemia was 30·2 % among men and women of reproductive age, and highest among young males. Consumption of soybean was high (79·8 %). After adjusting for covariates, the protective association between soybean consumption and anaemia was statistically significant (AOR = 0·53, 95 % CI = 0·30, 0·95, P < 0·05). There was a positive association with anaemia among underweight (AOR = 2·75, 95 % CI = 1·13, 6·69, P < 0·05) and those with high diet diversity (AOR = 1·40, 95 % CI = 1·00, 1·97, P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Our results were consistent with studies from other countries finding a protective association between soybean consumption and anaemia. This association appeared stronger for tofu than for tempeh. The prevalence of anaemia in rural Central Java is relatively consistent with nation-wide statistics indicating that interventions targeting anaemia are still largely required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Lowe
- Australian National University, Acton2601, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Kelly
- Australian National University, Acton2601, Australia
| | - Johanna Kurscheid
- Australian National University, Acton2601, Australia
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel4051, Switzerland
| | - Budi Laksono
- Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang50275, Indonesia
| | | | - Donald Stewart
- Australian National University, Acton2601, Australia
- Griffith University, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Darren Gray
- Australian National University, Acton2601, Australia
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Lowe C, Kelly M, Sarma H, Richardson A, Kurscheid JM, Laksono B, Amaral S, Stewart D, Gray DJ. The double burden of malnutrition and dietary patterns in rural Central Java, Indonesia. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2021; 14:100205. [PMID: 34671750 PMCID: PMC8484895 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Indonesia is undergoing a nutrition transition (NT) comprised of rising rates of overweight/obesity and consumption of high fat food/snacks but is still struck by undernutrition, causing a double burden of malnutrition. Little research pertains to the double burden of malnutrition and its associations with diet in rural Indonesia using primary village level data. Methods We conducted a 24-hour food recall and food frequency questionnaire and assessed anthropometric status of rural villagers from four villages in Central Java, Indonesia. Exploratory principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns and multi-level modeling was performed to identify variables associated with dietary pattern indicative of the NT. Findings 1,521 participants were included in analysis. Double burden of malnutrition was prevalent whereby 32.3% of children were stunted, 68.8% of women 35–49 years-old were overweight, and 39% of homes were classified as double burden. The NT was evident in a dietary pattern associated with soft drink, snacks, and animal products. There was small but significant correlation between undernutrition and stunting status among children (r = −0.139, p < 0.01). The NT was associated with young age (B = 1.696, 95% CI = 1.508–1.885) but not with overweight (B = −0.099, 95% CI = −0.184–−0.013). Interpretation Our findings suggest that whilst the typical pattern of the double burden of malnutrition (stunted child/overweight adult) exists in rural Central Java, dietary patterns indicative of the NT are predominant among children, not adults. Overweight among adults may not be necessarily due to a diet indicative of the NT, and nutrition interventions in rural Central Java should focus on educating parents of young children about the health-risks of a diet associated with a NT. Funding Funding was obtained from the UBS-Optimus Foundation and the National Health and Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Lowe
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia
| | - Mattthew Kelly
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia
| | - Haribondhu Sarma
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia
| | - Alice Richardson
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia
| | - Johanna M Kurscheid
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia.,Health Systems Support Unit, Swiss Centre for International Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel 4051, Switzerland
| | - Budi Laksono
- Yayasan Wahana Bakti Sejahtera (YWBS) Foundation, Semarang 50183, Indonesia
| | - Salvador Amaral
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia
| | - Donald Stewart
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith Health, Griffith University, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Darren J Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia
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Lowe C, Kurscheid J, Lal A, Sadler R, Kelly M, Stewart D, Laksono B, Amaral S, Gray D. Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Nitrate in Drinking Water in Central Java, Indonesia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18052368. [PMID: 33804377 PMCID: PMC7957596 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since 2005, over 30 epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between nitrate in drinking water and adverse health outcomes. Conditions that lead to nitrate pollution in water, such as open defecation, the proximity of septic tanks to water sources, and the use of inorganic fertilizer, are rampant in Indonesia, which has experienced little research evaluating nitrate in drinking water. We conducted a health risk assessment for exposure to nitrate in drinking water and evaluated the nitrate concentration in key water sources in two villages of rural Central Java, Indonesia. The nitrate concentrations in the drinking water ranged from 3.55 mg/L to 26.75 mg/L as NO3−. Daily nitrate intake estimates, calculated at 50% and 95% exposure to the maximum nitrate concentration of the drinking water in both villages, were above the levels associated with birth defects, colorectal cancer, and thyroid conditions observed in other studies. There was a large variation in nitrate concentrations between and within the villages at different water sources. Further research into whether these health outcomes exist in rural Central Java, Indonesia will be required to better understand this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Lowe
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia; (J.K.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +61-435539905
| | - Johanna Kurscheid
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia; (J.K.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (D.G.)
- Swiss Centre for International Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aparna Lal
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia;
| | - Ross Sadler
- School of Public Health, Griffith Health, Griffith University, South Brisbane 4111, Australia;
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia; (J.K.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Donald Stewart
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia; (J.K.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (D.G.)
- School of Medicine, Griffith Health, Griffith University, South Brisbane 4111, Australia
| | - Budi Laksono
- Yayasan Wahana Bakti Sejahtera (YWBS) Foundation, Semarang 50183, Indonesia;
| | - Salvador Amaral
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia; (J.K.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Darren Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia; (J.K.); (M.K.); (D.S.); (S.A.); (D.G.)
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Kurscheid J, Laksono B, Park MJ, Clements ACA, Sadler R, McCarthy JS, Nery SV, Soares-Magalhaes R, Halton K, Hadisaputro S, Richardson A, Indjein L, Wangdi K, Stewart DE, Gray DJ. Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth infections in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008907. [PMID: 33370267 PMCID: PMC7793285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are endemic in Indonesia. However, prevalence data for many parts of the country are incomplete. The aim of this study was to determine human STH prevalence and knowledge and practices relating to STH risk behaviour, to provide a current view of the status of STH infection in rural communities in Central Java. A cross-sectional survey of 16 villages was conducted in Semarang, Central Java in 2015. Demographic and household data together with information about knowledge and practices relating to STH and hygiene were elicited through face-to-face interviews. Stool samples were collected and examined using the flotation method. Children (aged 2–12 years) also had their haemoglobin (Hb) levels, height and weight data collected, and BMI estimated. Data were analysed using univariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 6,466 individuals with a mean age of 33.5 years (range: 2–93) from 2,195 households were interviewed. The overall prevalence of STH was 33.8% with Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) the predominant nematode identified (prevalence = 26.0%). Hookworm and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) were found in 7.9% and 1.8% of participants, respectively. Females were at increased odds of infection with A. lumbricoides (adjusted OR 1.14, 95% CI [1.02–1.29], p = 0.02). Adults in age groups 51–60 and over 60 years had the highest odds of being infected with hookworm (adjusted OR 3.01, 95% CI [1.84–4.91], p<0.001 and adjusted OR 3.79, 95% CI [2.30–6.26], p<0.001, respectively) compared to 6–12 year olds. Farmers also had higher odds of being infected with hookworm (adjusted OR 2.36, 95% CI [1.17–4.76], p = 0.02) compared to other occupation categories. Poverty (OR 2.14, 95% CI [1.77–2.58], p<0.001), overcrowding (OR 1.35, 95% CI [1.27–1.44], p<0.001), goat ownership (OR 1.61, 95% CI [1.10–2.41], p = 0.02) and the presence of dry floor space in the home (OR 0.73, 95% CI [0.58–0.91], p = 0.01) were all household factors significantly associated with an increased odds of infection. Infection with STH was not significantly associated with the gastrointestinal illness (p>0.05), BMI or Hb levels; however, one third of all 2–12 year olds surveyed were found to be anaemic (i.e. Hb concentrations below 110g/l or 115g/l for children under 5 and 5 years or older, respectively), with a greater proportion of school-age children at risk. Knowledge and behaviour related to hygiene and gastrointestinal diseases varied widely and were generally not associated with STH infection. The study revealed that STH infection remains endemic in Central Java despite ongoing deworming programs. Current control efforts would benefit from being re-evaluated to determine a more effective way forward. Among the major NTDs, STH are one of the most common disabling chronic infections. Currently available drug treatments, whilst considered safe and generally well tolerated, do not confer protection against new infections. In Indonesia, prevalences of STH of up to 90% have been reported but these estimates are based on data from the 1980s and 90s. More up-to-date STH prevalence estimates are urgently needed to help guide future control efforts. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural villages in Semarang, Central Java to determine human STH prevalence and associated risk factors. One-third of all cohort participants were positive for STH with prevalences of 26%, 7.9% and 1.8% identified for Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura at 7.9% and 1.8%, respectively. Risk of A. lumbricoides infection was higher for females, whilst farmers and adults over 50 had an increased risk of hookworm infection. Poverty, overcrowding in the home and goat ownership were also associated with an increased risk at the household level. Soil-transmitted helminthiases remains a significant health problem in Central Java, Indonesia, exacerbated by limited knowledge about STH, poor sanitation and hygiene and poverty prevalent in the region. Control efforts would benefit from an integrated approach emphasising WASH, health education and chemotherapy. Further studies investigating environmental contamination with STH in and around homes in endemic areas could provide further insight into links between household factors and STH identified in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kurscheid
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Budi Laksono
- Yayasan Wahana Bakti Sejatera Foundation (YWBS), Semarang, Indonesia
| | - M. J. Park
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Ross Sadler
- School of Public Health, Griffith Health, Griffith University, South Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Susana V. Nery
- Public Health Interventions Group, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | | | - Kate Halton
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Alice Richardson
- Statistical Consulting Unit, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Léa Indjein
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Donald E. Stewart
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith Health, Griffith University, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Darren J. Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
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Kurscheid J, Bendrups D, Susilo J, Williams C, Amaral S, Laksono B, Stewart DE, Gray DJ. Shadow Puppets and Neglected Diseases: Evaluating a Health Promotion Performance in Rural Indonesia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E2050. [PMID: 30235817 PMCID: PMC6164465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15092050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
'Rama and the Worm' is a shadow puppet production targeting neglected diseases in Central Java. It is an entertainment-based intervention study to promote health by reducing the impact of parasitic diseases such as soil-transmitted helminths (STH). The study uses traditional Javanese shadow puppetry (wayang kulit) as a vehicle in village communities to disseminate health messages and promote behaviour change to prevent diseases caused, primarily, by inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene. The health education messages contained in the play, although using traditional characters and themes, required the creation of a completely new narrative script, using characters and plot lines familiar to the wayang kulit repertoire, but placing them in new situations that relate specifically to health promotion objectives. The intervention was piloted in a village in Central Java, Indonesia using a pre/post design with both qualitative and quantitative analysis. A total of 96 male and female villagers, aged between 7 and 87 years, provided both baseline and follow up data. Participant knowledge and behaviours related to gastrointestinal and helminth-related disease were assessed before and after the intervention through a questionnaire administered by interview. Results revealed statistically significant improvements in both knowledge (48.6% pre-intervention score vs. 62.8% post-intervention score, p < 0.001) and behaviour (77.4% vs. 80.6%, p = 0.004) related to gastrointestinal and helminth disease. Findings of the study indicate the wayang kulit performance is an effective health education tool. The results provide proof of concept with scaling up the next step forward. The wayang kulit production provides a significant additional component for an integrated, comprehensive approach to reduction and elimination of STH infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kurscheid
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Dan Bendrups
- Graduate Research School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Joko Susilo
- Music Department, Theatre and Performing Arts, Otago University, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Courtney Williams
- Queensland Conservatorium Research Centre, Griffith University, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
| | - Salvador Amaral
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Budi Laksono
- Yayasan Wahana Bakti Sejatera Foundation (YWBS), Semarang 50183, Indonesia.
| | - Donald E Stewart
- Queensland Conservatorium Research Centre, Griffith University, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
- School of Medicine, Griffith Health, Griffith University, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
| | - Darren J Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Maskoen AM, Laksono B, Hajjah R, Zada A, Suciati LP, Fauziah PN, Nataprawira HM. Cornelia de lange syndrome with thyroid agenesis of an indonesian patient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 63:93-94. [PMID: 28886330 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.8.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLs), which is also called Brachmann de Lange syndrome, is a congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, feeding difficulties, psychomotor delay, behavioral problems, and associated malformations that mainly involve the upper extremities. The prevalence ranges from 1:100,000 to as high as 1:10,000. Most cases (50-60%) were carried mutation in NIPBL gene. To our knowledge this is the first CdLs Indonesian case that reported with molecular analysis study. We present an 11 months old female Indonesian patient with classic CdLs with congenital hypothyroid. Genetics studies were performed in intron 1, exon 2, exon 10 and exon 22 of NIPBL gene. Thyroid studies (T3, T4, TSH and thyroid scan) were performed. Low level of T3 and T4, and high level of TSH were observed. Thyroid agenesis was found in thyroid scan examination. We detected thyroid agenesis which has been never reported in CdLs patients. We could not find any mutation in intron 1, exon 2, exon 10 and exon 22 of NIPBL gene. Further genetics examinations were necessary whether there is mutation in other locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Maskoen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - B Laksono
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - R Hajjah
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran /Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - A Zada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - L P Suciati
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - P N Fauziah
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - H M Nataprawira
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran /Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
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Wijaya Y, Hardianto A, Laksono B, Yusuf H. Polymorphism analysis of rs1533767 gene Wnt11 of nonsyndromic cleft palate of Deutero Malay population in West Java. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sosilo A, Kasim A, Riawan L, Laksono B. Genetic variation of single nucleotide polymorphism rs566926 Wnt5a gene with nonsyndromic cleft palate in Deutromelayu population in West Java. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Health surveillance officers of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) was one of DHF prevention and control programs Semarang City. The aim of this research was to know the effectiveness of DHF surveillance officers to determine larvae-free rate in Semarang City. This research was quantitative supported by qualitative study with descriptive survey design. Samples in this research were 57 DHF health surveillance officers determined by cluster sampling technique and 3 of them as informants to complete the quantitative data. Techniques of collecting data were interviews and documentation. Data analysis was done descriptively by determining the effectiveness formula and using Miles and Hubberman model for qualitative data. The study showed that DHF health surveillance officers in Semarang City has been effective. It showed from effectiveness result score of each component compared with the percentage table of program effectiveness that input aspect was effective (71%), process aspect was very effective (92%), and output aspect was effective (77%), even though there were still obstacles in each aspect.
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Sadler R, Maetam B, Edokpolo B, Connell D, Yu J, Stewart D, Park MJ, Gray D, Laksono B. Health risk assessment for exposure to nitrate in drinking water from village wells in Semarang, Indonesia. Environ Pollut 2016; 216:738-745. [PMID: 27400904 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The levels of nitrate in 52 drinking water wells in rural Central Java, Indonesia were evaluated in April 2014, and the results were used for a health risk assessment for the local populations by using probabilistic techniques. The concentrations of nitrate in drinking water had a range of 0.01-84 mg/L, a mean of 20 mg/L and a medium of 14 mg/L. Only two of the 52 samples exceeded the WHO guideline values of 50 mg/L for infant methaemoglobinaemia. The hazard quotient values as evaluated against the WHO guideline value at the 50 and 95 percentile points were HQ50 at 0.42 and HQ95 at 1.2, respectively. These indicated a low risk of infant methaemoglobinaemia for the whole population, but some risk for the sensitive portion of the population. The HQ50 and HQ95 values based on WHO acceptable daily intake dose for adult male and female were 0.35 and 1.0, respectively, indicating a generally a low level of risk. A risk characterisation linking birth defects to nitrate levels in water consumed during the first three months of pregnancy resulted in a HQ50/50 values of 1.5 and a HQ95/5 value of 65. These HQ values indicated an elevated risk for birth defects, in particular for the more sensitive population. A sanitation improvement program in the study area had a positive effect in reducing nitrate levels in wells and the corresponding risk for public health. For example, the birth defect HQ50/50 values for a subset of wells surveyed in both 2014 and 2015 was reduced from 1.1 to 0.71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Sadler
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia.
| | - Brooke Maetam
- School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia.
| | - Benjamin Edokpolo
- School of Engineering, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia.
| | - Des Connell
- School of Environment, Griffith University and Centre for Environment and Population Health, Nathan, 4111, Australia.
| | - Jimmy Yu
- School of Engineering, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia.
| | - Donald Stewart
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southbank, 4101, Australia.
| | - M-J Park
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southbank, 4101, Australia.
| | - Darren Gray
- Department of Global Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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Park MJ, Clements ACA, Gray DJ, Sadler R, Laksono B, Stewart DE. Quantifying accessibility and use of improved sanitation: towards a comprehensive indicator of the need for sanitation interventions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30299. [PMID: 27452598 PMCID: PMC4958982 DOI: 10.1038/srep30299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent diseases associated with inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene, people needing latrines and behavioural interventions must be identified. We compared two indicators that could be used to identify those people. Indicator 1 of household latrine coverage was a simple Yes/No response to the question “Does your household have a latrine?” Indicator 2 was more comprehensive, combining questions about defecation behaviour with observations of latrine conditions. Using a standardized procedure and questionnaire, trained research assistants collected data from 6,599 residents of 16 rural villages in Indonesia. Indicator 1 identified 30.3% as not having a household latrine, while Indicator 2 identified 56.0% as using unimproved sanitation. Indicator 2 thus identified an additional 1,710 people who were missed by Indicator 1. Those 1,710 people were of lower socioeconomic status (p < 0.001), and a smaller percentage practiced appropriate hand-washing (p < 0.02). These results show how a good indicator of need for sanitation and hygiene interventions can combine evidences of both access and use, from self-reports and objective observation. Such an indicator can inform decisions about sanitation-related interventions and about scaling deworming programmes up or down. Further, a comprehensive and locally relevant indicator allows improved targeting to those most in need of a hygiene-behaviour intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Park
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Menzies Health Institute of Queensland and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A C A Clements
- Research School of Population Health, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - D J Gray
- Research School of Population Health, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - R Sadler
- Menzies Health Institute of Queensland and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - B Laksono
- Yayasan Wahanna Bakti Sehatera (YWBS) Foundation, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - D E Stewart
- Menzies Health Institute of Queensland and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Park MJ, Laksono B, Clements A, Sadler R, Stewart D. Worm-free children: an integrated approach to reduction of soil-transmitted helminth infections in Central Java. Rev Environ Health 2016; 31:111-113. [PMID: 26812851 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Among children, infections with soil-transmitted helminths (STH) can cause anemia, impaired growth, and absence from school. Sustainable control of STH infection requires that appropriate latrines be integrated with health-promotion education. We report a pilot study of the effects of a combined latrine-education intervention in Central Java, Indonesia. The participants were 99 children (3-13 years old) in two villages (intervention and control) south of Semarang city. Stool samples were collected from the children and were examined for the presence of helminth eggs. After baseline data were collected, latrines were constructed and health education was given in the intervention village. Then, in both villages, all children who had STH infection at baseline were given 400 mg of albendazole. Eight months later, follow-up stool samples were collected and examined. In both villages, 20% of the children had STH infection at baseline. At follow-up, the incidence of STH infection was much lower in the intervention village than in the control village (4.0% vs. 20.4%; p<0.02). The results of this small pilot study give some confidence that a scaled-up study involving many more children and cluster-randomization of the intervention will be feasible and could provide more conclusive evidence of the intervention's effectiveness.
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Park MJ, Laksono B, Sadler R, Clements A, Stewart DE. Household Latrines to Control Environmental Contamination and Helminthiasis: An Exploratory Study in Indonesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7763/ijssh.2015.v5.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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