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Cennamo V, Landi S, Aragona G, Colecchia A, Conigliaro R, Di Lorenzo D, Di Marco M, Fabbri C, Falcone P, Gaiani F, Manno M, Merighi A, Mussetto A, Peghetti A, Sassateli R, Solfrini V, Zagari RM, Arena R, Bertani H, Binda C, Boarino V, De Padova A, Feletti V, Fuccio L, Iori V, Nervi G, Prati GM, Soriani P, De Palma R. The management of endoscopic retrograde cholangio- pancreatography-related infections risk: results of an italian survey at regional level. Ann Ig 2023; 35:84-91. [PMID: 35442386 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2022.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Among the Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) adverse events, an increasingly arising problem is the transmission of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria through duodenoscopes. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the current clinical practice of management of ERCP associated infections in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. METHODS An online survey was developed including 12 questions on management of ERCP associated infections risk. The survey was proposed to all 12 endoscopy centers in Emilia Romagna that perform at least > 200 ERCPs per year. RESULTS 11 centers completed the survey (92%). Among all risk factors of ERCP infections, hospitalization in intensive care units, immunosuppressant therapies, and previous MDR infections have achieved a 80 % minimum of concurrence by our respondents. The majority of them did not have a formalized document in their hospital describing categories and risk factors helpful in the detection of patients undergoing ERCP with an high-level infective risk (9/11, 82%). Most centers (8/11, 72%) do not perform screening in patients at risk of ERCP infections. Post procedural monitoring is performed by 6 of 11 centers (55%). CONCLUSION Our survey showed that, at least at regional level, there is a lack of procedures and protocols related to the management of patients at risk of ERCP infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cennamo
- Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy Unit, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, AUSL of Bologna, Italy
| | - S Landi
- Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy Unit, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, AUSL of Bologna, Italy
| | - G Aragona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - A Colecchia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - R Conigliaro
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Italy
| | - D Di Lorenzo
- Territorial Assistance Service - Pharmacy and Medical Devices Area, AUSL of Bologna, Italy
| | - M Di Marco
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Infermi Rimini, AUSL della Romagna, Italy
| | - C Fabbri
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL della Romagna, Italy
| | - P Falcone
- Territorial Assistance Service - Pharmacy and Medical Devices Area, AUSL of Bologna, Italy
| | - F Gaiani
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - M Manno
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Modena, Carpi Hospital and Modena District Network of Gastro-enterology, Italy
| | - A Merighi
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Mussetto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - A Peghetti
- Territorial Assistance Service - Pharmacy and Medical Devices Area, AUSL of Bologna, Italy
| | - R Sassateli
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - V Solfrini
- Territorial Assistance Service - Pharmacy and Medical Devices Area, AUSL of Bologna, Italy
| | - R M Zagari
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria and University of Bologna, Italy
| | - R Arena
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - H Bertani
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Italy
| | - C Binda
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL della Romagna, Italy
| | - V Boarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A De Padova
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Infermi Rimini, AUSL della Romagna, Italy
| | - V Feletti
- Gastroenterology Unit, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - L Fuccio
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria and University of Bologna, Italy
| | - V Iori
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - G Nervi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - G M Prati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - P Soriani
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Modena, Carpi Hospital and Modena District Network of Gastro-enterology, Italy
| | - R De Palma
- Hospital Care Service, AUSL Bologna, Italy
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Riolet C, Menet A, Mailliet A, Binda C, Altes A, Appert L, Castel A, Delelis F, Viart G, Guyomar Y, Legoffic C, Decroocq M, Ennezat P, Graux P, Tribouilloy C, Marechaux S. Clinical Significance of Global Wasted Work in patients receiving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2021.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Minordi LM, Binda C, Scaldaferri F, Holleran G, Larosa L, Belmonte G, Gasbarrini A, Colosimo C, Manfredi R. Primary neoplasms of the small bowel at CT: a pictorial essay for the clinician. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 22:598-608. [PMID: 29461587 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201802_14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary small intestinal neoplasms are uncommon tumors that are often small and difficult to identify. The aim of this paper is to describe CT technique and features in detecting and characterizing the tumors of the small bowel. MATERIALS AND METHODS This paper focuses on radiological characteristics of benign and malignant primary neoplasms of the small bowel at CT, with special reference to multidetector-CT techniques, type and modality of administration of contrast agents (by oral route or CT-enterography and by nasojejunal tube or CT-enteroclysis). This paper will also provide pictures and description of CT findings of benign and malignant primary neoplasms using examples of CT-enterography and CT-enteroclysis. RESULTS Among CT modalities, CT-enterography has the advantage of defining the real extension of wall lesions, possible transmural extension, the degree of mesenteric involvement and remote metastasis. Other useful modalities for the diagnosis of such lesions like capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy, provide important information but limited to mucosal changes with lower accuracy on extension and bowel wall involvement or submucosal lesions. CONCLUSIONS Multidetector-CT, performed after distension of the small bowel with oral contrast material and intravenous injection of iodinated contrast material, is a useful method for the diagnosis and staging of small bowel neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Minordi
- Department of Bio-Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Radiology Institute, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Gemelli Foundation, School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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Fabbri C, Fugazza A, Binda C, Zerbi A, Jovine E, Cennamo V, Repici A, Anderloni A. V.01.6 BEYOND PALLIATION: USING EUS-GUIDED CHOLEDOCHODUODENOSTOMY WITH A LUMEN-APPOSING METAL STENT AS A BRIDGE TO SURGERY. Dig Liver Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(19)30236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Ringlé A, Castel A, Le Goffic C, Delelis F, Binda C, Bohbot Y, Ennezat P, Guerbaai R, Levy F, Vincentelli A, Graux P, Tribouilloy C, Maréchaux S. Frequency of paradoxical low flow low gradient severe aortic stenosis: critical impact of aortic flow misalignment and pressure recovery phenomenon. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(17)30030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Manzella N, Maggiorani D, Binda C, Mattevi A, Lezoualc’h F, Parini A, Perez J. Monoamine oxidases as molecular players of cardiac senescence. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(17)30475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Binda C, Tortora A, Garcovich M, Annicchiarico BE, Siciliano M. Toxicity and risks from drug-to-drug interactions of new antivirals for chronic hepatitis C. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:102-111. [PMID: 28379589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The new direct acting antivirals (DAAs), defined as those drugs that are effective in combinations without interferon, have totally changed HCV treatment and probably in few years will also totally change global landscape of advanced liver diseases. The advantage of DAAs is a low-risk/high-benefit ratio. Although overall adverse events during DAAs treatment are limited in frequency and severity, some toxicity issues emerged during the first years of real-life experience with these drugs. Another peculiar characteristic of present DAAs is a high probability of interaction with other "common-use" drugs, such as anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet, antiarrhythmic and cholesterol lowering agents. Above all, special attention should be paid in older patients and in those belonging to special populations, who more frequently require the concomitant use of polytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Binda
- Gastroenterologic Area, Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Paparo F, Puppo C, Montale A, Bacigalupo L, Pascariello A, Clavarezza M, Binda C, Rollandi GA, Binda GA. Comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and rigid rectoscopy in the preoperative identification of intra- and extraperitoneal rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2014; 16:O379-85. [PMID: 24974862 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Accurate preoperative discrimination between extra- and intraperitoneal rectal cancer has important treatment implications. Our main objective was to compare the diagnostic performance of MRI with rigid rectoscopy (RRS) in assessing the location of rectal cancers above or below the peritoneal reflection (PR), using the findings obtained during abdominal surgery for treatment of the cancer as the reference standard. We also compared the accuracy of MRI and RRS in assessing the level of the lower border of the tumour from the anal verge. METHOD Patients with rectal carcinoma awaiting surgery underwent MRI and RRS. The MRI images were reviewed by two abdominal radiologists who determined the location of the inferior border of the tumour in relation to the PR. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic performance of RRS at different cut-off values. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity were 98.15% and 100%, respectively, for MRI, and 100% and 76.92%, respectively, for RRS at a cut-off value of < 10 cm. The mean level of the lower border of the tumour from the anal verge was 68 ± 44.3 mm on RRS and 73.5 ± 42.4 mm on MRI (P = 0.25), with a trend towards overestimation with MRI. CONCLUSION RRS is still the main means of assessing the level of a rectal tumour from the anal verge, but MRI has value in determining the level of the tumour in relation to the PR, which cannot be seen on endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Paparo
- Department of Radiology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
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Mattevi A, Forneris F, Edmondson D, Binda C. Monoamine oxidases and LSD1: similar chemistry for neurotransmitter and chromatin modification. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308098814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Edmondson DE, DeColibus L, Binda C, Li M, Mattevi A. New insights into the structures and functions of human monoamine oxidases A and B. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2007; 114:703-5. [PMID: 17393064 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-007-0674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Structural studies on recombinant human monoamine oxidase A (hMAO-A) provides interesting insights on comparison with that determined for human MAO-B (hMAO-B) as well as comparison with that previously published for rat MAO-A. The active site cavity of hMAO-A is monopartite (as with rat MAO-A) while hMAO-B is a bipartite cavity. hMAO-A crystallizes as a monomeric form, in contrast to the dimeric forms exhibited by hMAO-B and rat MAO-A. All of the known MAO structures show nearly identical geometries around the covalent FAD sites. Differences in active site cavity structures occur away from the FAD site through conformational alterations (MAO-A's) and by changes in amino acid residues (hMAO-A and hMAO-B). Differences observed between human and rat MAO-A's raise questions regarding the appropriateness of the rat model in the development of MAO-A specific inhibitors as drugs for eventual human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Edmondson
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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11
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Binda C, Hubálek F, Li M, Castagnoli N, Edmondson DE, Mattevi A. Structure of the human mitochondrial monoamine oxidase B: New chemical implications for neuroprotectant drug design. Neurology 2006; 67:S5-7. [PMID: 17030739 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.67.7_suppl_2.s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is an outer mitochondrial membrane-bound flavoenzyme that is a well-known target for antidepressant and neuroprotective drugs. The 3A resolution structure of recombinant human MAO-B originally determined was of the enzyme complexed with pargyline, an irreversible inhibitor covalently bound to the N5 atom of the flavin coenzyme. The crystal structure shows that the enzyme is dimeric. Each monomer binds to the membrane via a C-terminal transmembrane helix and by apolar loops located at various positions in the sequence. Substrate binding to the enzyme involves negotiating a loop covering a 290A3 entrance apolar cavity before reaching an apolar 420A3 substrate cavity where the flavin coenzyme is located. The 1.7A isatin-MAO-B structure allowed a detailed examination of the enzyme's active site. A novel specific reversible MAO-B inhibitor, which is found as a contaminant in polystyrene plastics (1,4-diphenyl-2-butene), binds in both the entrance and the substrate cavity. Analogous MAO-B-specific inhibitors that bind in a manner traversing both cavities include trans-trans farnesol and chlorostyrylcaffeine. The rotation of the Ile199 side chain to an "open" conformation plays an essential role in this specificity. These results form a molecular basis for the design of new human MAO-B-specific reversible inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Binda
- Department of Genetics, University of Pavia, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO A and MAO B) are mitochondrial outer membrane-bound flavoproteins that catalyze the oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters and biogenic amines. A number of mechanism-based inhibitors (MAOI's) have been developed for clinical use as antidepressants and as neuroprotective drugs. To facilitate the development of more effective and specific inhibitors, a detailed understanding of the structures and catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes is required. The recent development of high level expression systems for producing recombinant human liver MAO A and MAO B in Pichia pastoris has facilitated the determination of the three dimensional crystal structures of MAO B (up to 1.7 angstroms resolution) in complex with different reversible (isatin, 1,4-diphenyl-2-butene) and irreversible inhibitors (pargyline, N-(2-aminoethyl)-p-chlorobenzamide, and trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine). The binding of substrates or inhibitors to MAO B involves an initial negotiation of a protein loop occurring near the surface of the membrane and two hydrophobic cavities; an "entrance" cavity and an "active site" cavity. These two cavities can either be separate or in a fused state depending on the conformation of the Ile199 side chain, which appears to function as a gate. The amine function of the bound substrate approaches the re face of the bent and "puckered" covalent FAD through an "aromatic cage" formed by two tyrosine residues that are perpendicular to the plane of the flavin ring. No amino acid residues that could function as acids or bases are found near the catalytic site. The existing structural data on MAO B support previous QSAR results and are also supportive of a proposed polar nucleophilic mechanism for MAO A and B catalysis rather than the alternatively proposed single electron transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Edmondson
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Mattevi A, Li M, Hubalek F, Edmondson DE, Binda C. Structure of the human outer-mitochondrial membrane monoamine oxidase B at 1.7 Å resolution. Acta Crystallogr A 2004. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767304099581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Mattevi A, Edmondson DE, Binda C. Structure of human monoamine oxidase B, a drug target for neurological disorders. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302094837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
Polyamine oxidase (PAO) carries out the FAD-dependent oxidation of the secondary amino groups of spermidine and spermine, a key reaction in the polyamine catabolism. The active site of PAO consists of a 30 A long U-shaped catalytic tunnel, whose innermost part is located in front of the flavin ring. To provide insight into the PAO substrate specificity and amine oxidation mechanism, we have investigated the crystal structure of maize PAO in the reduced state and in complex with three different inhibitors, guazatine, 1,8-diaminooctane, and N(1)-ethyl-N(11)-[(cycloheptyl)methyl]-4,8-diazaundecane (CHENSpm). In the reduced state, the conformation of the isoalloxazine ring and the surrounding residues is identical to that of the oxidized enzyme. Only Lys300 moves away from the flavin to compensate for the change in cofactor protonation occurring upon reduction. The structure of the PAO.inhibitor complexes reveals an exact match between the inhibitors and the PAO catalytic tunnel. Inhibitor binding does not involve any protein conformational change. Such lock-and-key binding occurs also in the complex with CHENSpm, which forms a covalent adduct with the flavin N5 atom. Comparison of the enzyme complexes hints at an "out-of-register" mechanism of inhibition, in which the inhibitor secondary amino groups are not properly aligned with respect to the flavin to allow oxidation. Except for the Glu62-Glu170 pair, no negatively charged residues are involved in the recognition of substrate and inhibitor amino groups, which is in contrast to other polyamine binding proteins. This feature may be exploited in the design of drugs specifically targeting PAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Binda
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Federico R, Leone L, Botta M, Binda C, Angelini R, Venturini G, Ascenzi P. Inhibition of pig liver and Zea mays L. polyamine oxidase: a comparative study. J Enzyme Inhib 2001; 16:147-55. [PMID: 11342283 DOI: 10.1080/14756360109162364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyamine oxidase (PAO) is involved in polyamine metabolism and production of hydrogen peroxide in animal and plants, thus representing a key system in development and programmed cell death. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of amiloride, p-aminobenzamidine, clonidine, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenyl-indole (DAPI), gabexate mesylate, guazatine, and N,N'-bis(2,3-butadienyl)-1,4-butane-diamine (MDL72527) on the catalytic activity of pig liver and Zea mays L. PAO, Lens culinaris L. and Pisum sativum L. and swine kidney copper amine oxidase, bovine trypsin, as well as neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS-I) was investigated. Moreover, agmatine and N(3) -prenylagmatine (G3) were observed to inhibit pig liver and Zea mays L. PAO, bovine trypsin, and NOS-I action, but were substrates for Lens culinaris L., Pisum sativum L. and swine kidney copper amine oxidase. Guazatine and G3 inhibited selectively Zea mays L. PAO with K(i) values of 7.5 x 10(-9) M and 1.5 x 10(-8) M, respectively (at pH 6.5 and 25.0 degrees C). As a whole, the data reported here represent examples of enzyme cross-inhibition, and appear to be relevant in view of the use of cationic L-arginine-and imidazole-based compounds as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Federico
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi 'Roma Tre', Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
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Binda C, Bossi RT, Wakatsuki S, Arzt S, Coda A, Curti B, Vanoni MA, Mattevi A. Cross-talk and ammonia channeling between active centers in the unexpected domain arrangement of glutamate synthase. Structure 2000; 8:1299-308. [PMID: 11188694 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(00)00540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complex iron-sulfur flavoprotein glutamate synthase catalyses the reductive synthesis of L-glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate and L-glutamine, a reaction in the plant and bacterial pathway for ammonia assimilation. The enzyme functions through three distinct active centers carrying out L-glutamine hydrolysis, conversion of 2-oxoglutarate into L-glutamate, and electron uptake from an electron donor. RESULTS The 3.0 A crystal structure of the dimeric 324 kDa core protein of a bacterial glutamate synthase was solved by the MAD method, using the very weak anomalous signal of the two 3Fe-4S clusters present in the asymmetric unit. The 1,472 amino acids of the monomer fold into a four-domain architecture. The two catalytic domains have canonical Ntn-amidotransferase and FMN binding (beta/alpha)8 barrel folds, respectively. The other two domains have an unusual "cut (beta/alpha)8 barrel" topology and an unexpected novel beta-helix structure. Channeling of the ammonia intermediate is brought about by an internal tunnel of 31 A length, which runs from the site of L-glutamine hydrolysis to the site of L-glutamate synthesis. CONCLUSIONS The outstanding property of glutamate synthase is the ability to coordinate the activity of its various functional sites to avoid wasteful consumption of L-glutamine. The structure reveals two polypeptide segments that connect the catalytic centers and embed the ammonia tunnel, thus being ideally suited to function in interdomain signaling. Depending on the enzyme redox and ligation states, these signal-transducing elements may affect the active site geometry and control ammonia diffusion through a gating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Binda
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Italy
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Binda C, Bossi R, Wakatsuki S, Artz S, Curti B, Vanoni MA, Mattevi A. Structure of glutamate synthase, a complex iron-sulfur flavoprotein. Acta Crystallogr A 2000. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767300025915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyamines are essential for cell growth and differentiation; compounds interfering with their metabolism are potential anticancer agents. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) plays a central role in polyamine homeostasis. The enzyme utilises an FAD cofactor to catalyse the oxidation of the secondary amino groups of spermine and spermidine. RESULTS The first crystal structure of a polyamine oxidase has been determined to a resolution of 1.9 Angstroms. PAO from Zea mays contains two domains, which define a remarkable 30 Angstrom long U-shaped catalytic tunnel at their interface. The structure of PAO in complex with the inhibitor MDL72527 reveals the residues forming the catalytic machinery and unusual enzyme-inhibitor CH.O H bonds. A ring of glutamate and aspartate residues surrounding one of the two tunnel openings contributes to the steering of the substrate towards the inside of the tunnel. CONCLUSIONS PAO specifically oxidizes substrates that have both primary and secondary amino groups. The complex with MDL72527 shows that the primary amino groups are essential for the proper alignment of the substrate with respect to the flavin. Conservation of an N-terminal sequence motif indicates that PAO is member of a novel family of flavoenzymes. Among these, monoamine oxidase displays significant sequence homology with PAO, suggesting a similar overall folding topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Binda
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Binda C, Coda A, Aliverti A, Zanetti G, Mattevi A. Structure of the mutant E92K of [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin I from Spinacia oleracea at 1.7 A resolution. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1998; 54:1353-8. [PMID: 10089511 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444998005137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ferredoxin I (Fd I) from Spinacia oleracea is composed of 97 amino-acid residues and a [2Fe-2S] cluster. The crystal structure of the E92K mutant of Fd I was solved by molecular replacement and refined to an R factor of 19.6% for 11755 reflections at 1.7 A resolution. The overall structure and the active centre of spinach Fd is highly conserved with respect to ferredoxins of known structure. The E92K mutation appears to disturb a hydrogen-bond network which stabilizes the loop bearing the [2Fe-2S] cluster. This observation provides a rationale for the reduced electron-transfer efficiency displayed by the E92K mutant. Inspection of the crystal packing reveals that the side chain of Lys92 is engaged in an intermolecular interaction with Asp26 of a symmetry-related molecule. This feature may explain why only the mutant E92K and not wild-type Fd I could be successfully crystallized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Binda
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Binda C, Coda A, Angelini R, Federico R, Ascenzi P, Mattevi A. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of polyamine oxidase from Zea mays L. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1998; 54:1429-31. [PMID: 10089528 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444998005836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/1998] [Accepted: 04/20/1998] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyamine oxidase catalyses the oxidation of the secondary amino group of spermine, spermidine and their acetyl derivatives. The enzyme plays an important role in the regulation of polyamine intracellular concentration and is a member of the family of flavin-containing amine oxidases. Crystals of maize polyamine oxidase have been grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique. The crystals are in hexagonal space group P6122 (or P6522) with cell dimensions a = b = 184.6, c = 280.9 A. A native data set has been collected to 2.7 A resolution at a synchrotron radiation source.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Binda
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Marsili MT, Binda C, Piozzi E, Console V, Alfonso GF. [Cryotherapy in the acute stage of retinopathy of prematurity]. Ophtalmologie 1988; 2:331-3. [PMID: 3247201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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