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Schnabel F, Barry KE, Eckhardt S, Guillemot J, Geilmann H, Kahl A, Moossen H, Bauhus J, Wirth C. Neighbourhood species richness and drought-tolerance traits modulate tree growth and δ 13 C responses to drought. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2024; 26:330-345. [PMID: 38196270 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Mixed-species forests are promoted as a forest management strategy for climate change adaptation, but whether they are more resistant to drought than monospecific forests remains contested. In particular, the trait-based mechanisms driving the role of tree diversity under drought remain elusive. Using tree cores from a large-scale biodiversity experiment, we investigated tree growth and physiological stress responses (i.e. increase in wood carbon isotopic ratio; δ13 C) to changes in climate-induced water availability (wet to dry years) along gradients in neighbourhood tree species richness and drought-tolerance traits. We hypothesized that neighbourhood species richness increases growth and decreases δ13 C and that these relationships are modulated by the abiotic (i.e. climatic conditions) and the biotic context. We characterised the biotic context using drought-tolerance traits of focal trees and their neighbours. These traits are related to cavitation resistance versus resource acquisition and stomatal control. Tree growth increased with neighbourhood species richness. However, we did not observe a universal relief of water stress in species-rich neighbourhoods. The effects of neighbourhood species richness and climate on growth and δ13 C were modulated by the traits of focal trees and the traits of their neighbours. At either end of each drought-tolerance gradient, species responded in opposing directions during dry and wet years. We show that species' drought-tolerance traits can explain the strength and nature of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in experimental tree communities experiencing drought. Mixing tree species can increase growth but may not universally relieve drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schnabel
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K E Barry
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - S Eckhardt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Campus SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - H Geilmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - A Kahl
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Moossen
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - J Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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Wirth C, Dockree PM, Harty S, Lacey E, Arvaneh M. Towards error categorisation in BCI: single-trial EEG classification between different errors. J Neural Eng 2019; 17:016008. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab53fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kunz A, Weng A, Wirth C, Kestler C, Hebestreit H, Segerer F, Köstler H, Bley T, Veldhoen S. Funktionelle native Lungen-MRT (SENCEFUL) zur Ermittlung pulmonaler Perfusionsdefizite bei Cystischer Fibrose. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Kunz
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - A Weng
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - C Wirth
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - C Kestler
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - H Hebestreit
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Kinderklinik und Poliklinik, Würzburg
| | - F Segerer
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Kinderklinik und Poliklinik, Würzburg
| | - H Köstler
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - T Bley
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - S Veldhoen
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
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Veldhoen S, Weng A, Knapp J, Kunz A, Stab D, Wirth C, Segerer F, Hebestreit H, Malzahn U, Köstler H, Bley T. Die selbstnavigierte und kontrastmittelfreie funktionelle Lungen-MRT zur quantitativen Ventilationsanalyse bei Patienten mit cystischer Fibrose. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Veldhoen
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - A Weng
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - J Knapp
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - A Kunz
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - D Stab
- University of Queensland, Centre of Advanced Imaging, Brisbane
| | - C Wirth
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - F Segerer
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Kinderklinik und Poliklinik, Würzburg
| | - H Hebestreit
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Kinderklinik und Poliklinik, Würzburg
| | - U Malzahn
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrale für Klinische Studien, Würzburg
| | - H Köstler
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - T Bley
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
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Leu T, Rauthe S, Wirth C, Simon HU, Kunzmann V, Hebestreit H, Kunzmann S. [The Lymphoid Variant of HES (L-HES) as Differential Diagnose of Severe Asthma in Childhood]. Klin Padiatr 2016; 228:319-324. [PMID: 27846662 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-112593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on a case report an overview on the differential diagnostic considerations with respect to blood hypereosinophilia (HE) and hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) in childhood is given. A 13-year-old boy was admitted for the clarification of an asthma. In the blood count an increased HE with 3 500/µl (30%) was found along with elevated total serum IgE and IL-5 level (2 000 IU/ml and 17 pg/ml). Lung function showed an obstruction (FEV1 38%). Radiologically the picture of bronchiectasis and mucus pluggine appeared. In the BAL a HE (76%) with raised IL-5 level was apparent. Histologically asthma was diagnosed with mucostasis, hypertrophy of the bronchial wall musculature and a lung HE. Differential-diagnostically an ABPA, a Churg-Strauss-Syndrome, a parasitosis, drug associated HE, allergies and malignant disease could be excluded. An aberrant T-cell clone in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry and T-cell receptor clonal rearrangements by PCR, leading to the diagnosis of a lymphoid variant of HES (L-HES). Failure to detect the FIP1L1-PDGFRA gene fusion and a normal bone marrow examination could exclude a neoplastic HES (HESN). After steroid initiation, prompt decrease of blood eosinophilia with resolution of symptoms was observed. Steroid discontinuation led to eosinophilia recurrence associated with disease symptoms. As steroid-sparing agent the immunosuppressive azathioprine was additionally given; steroid doses could be decreased and stopped in the course. This case demonstrated the range of HE evaluation in infancy. With asthma one should also consider the possibility of a L-HES.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Leu
- Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - S Rauthe
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - C Wirth
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - H-U Simon
- Institute of pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - V Kunzmann
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg
| | - H Hebestreit
- Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - S Kunzmann
- Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
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Gulati S, Rothwell D, Burt D, Mesquita B, Wirth C, Wilson G, Pierce J, Brady G, Swanton C, Dive C. Molecular profiling of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in non-small cell lung cancer within the TRACERx study of intratumoural heterogeneity and evolution. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Morrow CJ, Trapani F, Metcalf RL, Bertolini G, Hodgkinson CL, Khandelwal G, Kelly P, Galvin M, Carter L, Simpson KL, Williamson S, Wirth C, Simms N, Frankliln L, Frese KK, Rothwell DG, Nonaka D, Miller CJ, Brady G, Blackhall FH, Dive C. Tumourigenic non-small-cell lung cancer mesenchymal circulating tumour cells: a clinical case study. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1155-1160. [PMID: 27013395 PMCID: PMC4880063 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, numerous reports describe the generation and increasing utility of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from tissue biopsies. While PDX have proven useful for genetic profiling and preclinical drug testing, the requirement of a tissue biopsy limits the available patient population, particularly those with advanced oligometastatic disease. Conversely, 'liquid biopsies' such as circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are minimally invasive and easier to obtain. Here, we present a clinical case study of a NSCLC patient with advanced metastatic disease, a never smoker whose primary tumour was EGFR and ALK wild-type. We demonstrate for the first time, tumorigenicity of their CTCs to generate a patient CTC-derived eXplant (CDX). PATIENTS AND METHODS CTCs were enriched at diagnosis and again 2 months later during disease progression from 10 ml blood from a 48-year-old NSCLC patient and implanted into immunocompromised mice. Resultant tumours were morphologically, immunohistochemically, and genetically compared with the donor patient's diagnostic specimen. Mice were treated with cisplatin and pemetrexed to assess preclinical efficacy of the chemotherapy regimen given to the donor patient. RESULTS The NSCLC CDX expressed lung lineage markers TTF1 and CK7 and was unresponsive to cisplatin and pemetrexed. Examination of blood samples matched to that used for CDX generation revealed absence of CTCs using the CellSearch EpCAM-dependent platform, whereas size-based CTC enrichment revealed abundant heterogeneous CTCs of which ∼80% were mesenchymal marker vimentin positive. Molecular analysis of the CDX, mesenchymal and epithelial CTCs revealed a common somatic mutation confirming tumour origin and showed CDX RNA and protein profiles consistent with the predominantly mesenchymal phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the absence of NSCLC CTCs detected by CellSearch (EpCAM(+)) does not preclude CDX generation, highlighting epithelial to mesenchymal transition and the functional importance of mesenchymal CTCs in dissemination of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Morrow
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - F Trapani
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R L Metcalf
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G Bertolini
- Tumour Genomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - C L Hodgkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G Khandelwal
- RNA Biology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - P Kelly
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Galvin
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - L Carter
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K L Simpson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Williamson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C Wirth
- Computational Biology Support Team, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - N Simms
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - L Frankliln
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K K Frese
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - D G Rothwell
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - D Nonaka
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
| | - C J Miller
- RNA Biology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - G Brady
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - F H Blackhall
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK
| | - C Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK.
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Linz C, Kunz F, Krauß J, Böhm H, Wirth C, Hartmann S, Wirbelauer J, Schweitzer T. Stable fixation with absorbable sutures in craniofacial surgery. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:622-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Wiegering V, Klein I, Wirth C, Dick A, Meyer T, Schlegel P, Wiegering A. Anemia and B Symptoms as Leading Symptoms for a Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor – 2 Case Reports. Klin Padiatr 2015; 227:363-5. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1395693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Wiegering
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - I. Klein
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C. Wirth
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A. Dick
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T. Meyer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - P. Schlegel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A. Wiegering
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Veldhoen S, Sauer A, Gassenmaier T, Petritsch B, Herz S, Blanke P, Bley T, Wirth C. Die Miktionsurosonografie zum Ausschluss des vesikorenalen Reflux: Intravenöse Röntgen- und MRT-Kontrastmittel können falsch-negative Ergebnisse verursachen. Eine Phantomstudie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1551133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kunz A, Wirth C, Ernestus K, Veldhoen S. Das kindliche Karzinom der Nebennierenrinde – Eine seltene und interdisziplinäre Diagnose. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014; 187:293-6. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1385206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ruiz-Benito P, Madrigal-González J, Ratcliffe S, Coomes DA, Kändler G, Lehtonen A, Wirth C, Zavala MA. Stand Structure and Recent Climate Change Constrain Stand Basal Area Change in European Forests: A Comparison Across Boreal, Temperate, and Mediterranean Biomes. Ecosystems 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-014-9806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Breunig C, Küblbeck M, Miller M, Antonelli D, Wirth C, Erdem N, Yarden Y, Cerwenka A, Wiemann S. 40: Proffered Paper: miRNA induces escape from NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and resistance towards apoptosis in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zakhar A, Wirth C, Farrow E, Tison C, Ferri J, Raoul G. [Surgical treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Functional assessment]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 115:79-83. [PMID: 24388628 DOI: 10.1016/j.revsto.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS), when associated with adverse skeletal dysmorphia, can be managed by curative surgery i.e. advanced maxillomandibular associated with genioplasty and uvulopalatoglossoplasty ("6 in 1"). The purpose of this study was to assess the functional impact of this procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was made on 27 patients with OSAS surgically treated between 1998 and 2009. The functional results were considered satisfactory when postoperative apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) was <15/h and/or at least decreased by 50%. RESULTS After surgical treatment, the AHI dropped below 15/h for 70.4%, and for 92.6% it was at least decreased by 50%, one year after surgery. A significant concomitant decrease of the body mass index (BMI) was also observed. DISCUSSION This "6 in 1" surgical management seemed to effectively treat OSAS in the selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zakhar
- Service de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillofaciale, CHRU de Lille, avenue du Professeur-Émile-Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
| | - C Wirth
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et stomatologie, CHR d'Orléans, 1, rue Porte-Madeleine, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - E Farrow
- Service de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillofaciale, CHRU de Lille, avenue du Professeur-Émile-Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - C Tison
- Service de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillofaciale, CHRU de Lille, avenue du Professeur-Émile-Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - J Ferri
- Service de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillofaciale, CHRU de Lille, avenue du Professeur-Émile-Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - G Raoul
- Service de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillofaciale, CHRU de Lille, avenue du Professeur-Émile-Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France
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Barton AK, Shety T, Wirth C, Gehlen H. Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in chronic respiratory disease of the horse – a review. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2014. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20140408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Neubauer H, Silwedel C, Wirth C, Beer M, Pabst T, Hahn D. Das eingeblutete Lymphangiom in der diffusionsgewichteten MRT: Differentialdiagnostik der sonografisch echogenen Raumforderung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1346210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wirth C, Schubert F, Lautenschlager M, Brühl R, Klär A, Majic T, Lang UE, Ehrlich A, Winterer G, Sander T, Schouler-Ocak M, Gallinat J. DTNBP1 (dysbindin) gene variants: in vivo evidence for effects on hippocampal glutamate status. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2012; 13:1513-21. [PMID: 22283763 DOI: 10.2174/138920112800784952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In linkage and association studies the DTNBP1 gene has been identified as a major susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Reduced expression of DTNBP1 was found in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in post mortem brains of schizophrenic patients. In vitro and animal models provide evidence that the DTNBP1 gene product dysbindin modulates the activity of the neurotransmitter glutamate in hippocampal neurons and is crucial for cell functioning and synaptogenesis. This study is the first to investigate the effects of genetic variants of DTNBP1 on the status of the glutamate system as well as neuronal integrity (N-acetylaspartate, NAA) in the hippocampus and a cortical region, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), in humans. METHODS In 79 healthy subjects, the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs760665 and rs909706 with absolute concentrations of glutamate and NAA in the left hippocampus and the ACC were investigated, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 3 Tesla and a well established quantification procedure. RESULTS Hippocampal glutamate concentration was significantly affected by genotype of rs760665 (F=4.406, df=2,p=0.016) and rs909706 (F=3.171,df=2,p=0.048). For the concentration of NAA, a weak association with rs760665 was observed in the contrast analysis. None of the metabolites measured in the ACC showed a significant connection with either genotype. CONCLUSION The results support a role of DTNBP1 gene variants in the glutamate neurotransmission system in the human brain at least in the hippocampus. This is compatible to growing evidence of a crucial role of glutamate in the pathobiology of schizophrenia. In addition, the weak association between DTNBP1 genotype and NAA is in line with a regulatory influence of dysbindin on synaptogenesis and neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wirth
- Charite University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Wirth C, Beissert A, Beer M. Wertigkeit der funktionellen MR-Urografie in der klinischen Routine. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Platzer I, Beissert A, Beer M, Wirth C. Off-label Einsatz von SonoVue in der Miktionsurosonografie (MUS) – Kontrastmittelsicherheit. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hiemer P, Klotz D, Wirth C, Beer M. Qualitative und semiquantitative sonographische Elastografie der Schilddrüse – erste Ergebnisse. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Neubauer H, Wirth C, Morbach H, Prelog M, Köstler H, Hahn D, Beer M. Knochenmarködem und Synovialitis in der diffusionsgewichteten MRT bei pädiatrischen Patienten. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Beer M, Wirth C, Neubauer H, Wirbelauer J. Bildgebung auf der Kinderintensivstation. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2011; 106:103-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00063-011-0056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Wirth C, Wiss A, Delforge A, Raoul G, Ferri J. Morphological issue of maxillomandibular advancement associated with genioplasty procedure in the treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2011.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bryukhanova MV, Vaganov EA, Wirth C. Influence of climatic factors and reserve assimilates on the radial growth and carbon isotope composition in tree rings of deciduous and coniferous species. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425511020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wirth C, Wiegering V, Klotz K, Mahlmeister N, Beer M. Nichtinvasive sonographische Bestimmung der Leberelastizität bei Gesunden und Patienten mit zystischer Fibrose (CF). ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Neubauer H, Düren C, Wirth C, Schwarz T, Morbach H, Girschick H, Hahn D, Beer M. Diagnostischer Stellenwert von MRT und Szintigraphie in der Primärdiagnostik der chronisch nicht-bakteriellen Osteomyelitis. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schmidt O, Rekas M, Wirth C, Rothhardt J, Rhein S, Kliner A, Strecker M, Schreiber T, Limpert J, Eberhardt R, Tünnermann A. High power narrow-band fiber-based ASE source. Opt Express 2011; 19:4421-4427. [PMID: 21369273 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.004421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe a high power narrow-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source at 1030 nm center wavelength generated in an Yb-doped fiber-based experimental setup. By cutting a small region out of a broadband ASE spectrum using two fiber Bragg gratings a strongly constrained bandwidth of 12±2 pm (3.5±0.6 GHz) is formed. A two-stage high power fiber amplifier system is used to boost the output power up to 697 W with a measured beam quality of M2≤1.34. In an additional experiment we demonstrate a stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) suppression of at least 17 dB (theoretically predicted ~20 dB), which is only limited by the dynamic range of the measurement and not by the onset of SBS when using the described light source. The presented narrow-band ASE source could be of great interest for brightness scaling applications by beam combination, where SBS is known as a limiting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Schmidt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Jena, Germany.
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Mund M, Kutsch WL, Wirth C, Kahl T, Knohl A, Skomarkova MV, Schulze ED. The influence of climate and fructification on the inter-annual variability of stem growth and net primary productivity in an old-growth, mixed beech forest. Tree Physiol 2010; 30:689-704. [PMID: 20453002 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpq027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The periodic production of large seed crops by trees (masting) and its interaction with stem growth has long been the objective of tree physiology research. However, very little is known about the effects of masting on stem growth and total net primary productivity (NPP) at the stand scale. This study was conducted in an old-growth, mixed deciduous forest dominated by Fagus sylvatica (L.) and covers the period from 2003 to 2007, which comprised wet, dry and regular years as well as two masts of Fagus and one mast of the co-dominant tree species Fraxinus excelsior (L.) and Acer pseudoplatanus (L.). We combined analyses of weather conditions and stem growth at the tree level (inter- and intra-annual) with fruit, stem and leaf production, and estimates of total NPP at the stand level. Finally, we compared the annual demand of carbon for biomass production with net canopy assimilation (NCA), derived from eddy covariance flux measurements, chamber measurements and modelling. Annual stem growth of Fagus was most favoured by warm periods in spring and that of Fraxinus by high precipitation in June. For stem growth of Acer and for fruit production, no significant relationships with mean weather conditions were found. Intra-annual stem growth of all species was strongly reduced when the relative plant-available water in soil dropped below a threshold of about 60% between May and July. The inter-annual variations of NCA, total NPP and leaf NPP at the stand level were low (mean values 1313, 662 and 168 g C m(-2) year(-1), respectively), while wood and fruit production varied more and contrarily (wood: 169-241 g C m(-2) year(-1); fruits: 21-142 g C m(-2) year(-1)). In all years, an annual surplus of newly assimilated carbon was calculated (on average 100 g C m(-2) year(-1)). The results suggest that stem growth is generally not limited by insufficient carbon resources; only in mast years a short-term carbon shortage may occur in spring. In contrast to common assumption, stem growth alone is not a sufficient proxy for total biomass production or the control of carbon sequestration by weather extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mund
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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Wirth C, Brenner S, Oechsner M, Stäb D, Hebestreit H, Köstler H, Hahn D, Beer M. O2-unterstützte funktionelle Lungenuntersuchung am offenen Niederfeld-MRT bei Patienten mit zystischer Fibrose. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wirth C, Rott M, Beck C, Morbach H, Girschick H, Beer M. Relevante Diagnosekriterien der konventionelle Bildgebung zur Diagnostik bei infantiler und juveniler Hypophosphatasie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schmidt O, Wirth C, Nodop D, Limpert J, Schreiber T, Peschel T, Eberhardt R, Tünnermann A. Spectral beam combination of fiber amplified ns-pulses by means of interference filters. Opt Express 2009; 17:22974-22982. [PMID: 20052223 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.022974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we introduce a simple scheme to spectrally combine four single beams using three low-cost dielectric interference filters as combining elements. 25 ns pulses from four independent and actively Q-switched fiber seed-sources are amplified in a single stage fiber-amplifier. Temporally and spatially combined 208 W of average power and 6.3 mJ of pulse energy are obtained at two different repetition frequencies. A detailed analysis of beam quality as well as the thermal behavior of the combining elements is carried out and reveals mutual dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Schmidt
- Friedrich-Schiller University, Institute of Applied Physics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Schmidt O, Wirth C, Tsybin I, Schreiber T, Eberhardt R, Limpert J, Tünnermann A. Average power of 1.1 kW from spectrally combined, fiber-amplified, nanosecond-pulsed sources. Opt Lett 2009; 34:1567-1569. [PMID: 19448823 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.001567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on spectral combination of four high repetition rate 5 ns pulsed Yb-doped fiber amplifiers at 1 microm wavelength. The output beam is spatially and temporally superposed by use of an all-reflective diffraction grating. 1.1 kW average power and 220 microJ pulse energy were extracted with a combining efficiency of 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Schmidt
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Applied Physics, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15,D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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Morhard D, Wirth C, Reiser MF, Ertl-Wagner B. Stroke-CT: CTA oder Perfusions-CT? Was sollte zuerst akquiriert werden? ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Wirth C, Schmidt O, Tsybin I, Schreiber T, Peschel T, Brückner F, Clausnitzer T, Limpert J, Eberhardt R, Tünnermann A, Gowin M, ten Have E, Ludewigt K, Jung M. 2 kW incoherent beam combining of four narrow-linewidth photonic crystal fiber amplifiers. Opt Express 2009; 17:1178-1183. [PMID: 19188944 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on beam combining of four narrow-linewidth fiber amplifier chains, running at different wavelengths and each delivering 500 W optical output power. The main amplifier stage consists of a large mode area photonic crystal fiber. The four output beams of the amplifier chains are spectrally (incoherent) combined using a polarization-independent dielectric reflective diffraction grating to form an output beam of 2 kW continuous-wave optical power with good beam quality (M(2)x = 2.0, M(2)y = 1.8).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wirth
- Friedrich-Schiller University, Institute of Applied Physics, Jena, Germany.
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Wirth C, Lichstein JW, Dushoff J, Chen A, Chapin FS. WHITE SPRUCE MEETS BLACK SPRUCE: DISPERSAL, POSTFIRE ESTABLISHMENT, AND GROWTH IN A WARMING CLIMATE. ECOL MONOGR 2008. [DOI: 10.1890/07-0074.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kadlub N, Trost O, Duvernay A, Parmentier J, Wirth C, Malka G. Traitement orthopédique des fractures extra-articulaires de la région condylienne de la mandibule : étude rétrospective de 39 fractures unifocales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 109:301-5; discussion 305-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stomax.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lazović D, Wirth C, Knösel T, Gossé F, Maschek H. Der Meniskusersatz mit inkongruenten Transplantaten - eine experimentelle Untersuchung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1039569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Balshi MS, McGuire AD, Zhuang Q, Melillo J, Kicklighter DW, Kasischke E, Wirth C, Flannigan M, Harden J, Clein JS, Burnside TJ, McAllister J, Kurz WA, Apps M, Shvidenko A. The role of historical fire disturbance in the carbon dynamics of the pan-boreal region: A process-based analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jg000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wirth C, Celia H, Pattus F, Cobessi D. Iron transport and signal transduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: crystal structures of the TonB-dependent outer membrane receptors FpvA and FptA. Acta Crystallogr A 2006. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767306099399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Reimer P, Wirth C, Schima W, Vestring T, Schönberg S, Robinson P. CMR 2005: 1.05: Does dual-contrast MRI of the liver improve the detection of focal liver lesions? On-site results of a prospective multicenter study. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wirth C, Reimer P, Schima W, Robinson P, Schoenberg SO, Vestring T, Caurette D. Kann die Klassifikation und die Charakterisierung fokaler Leberläsionen durch ein Doppelkontrastkonzept in der MRT verbessert werden? On-site Ergebnisse einer Multizenterstudie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-940974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schulze ED, Wirth C, Mollicone D, Ziegler W. Succession after stand replacing disturbances by fire, wind throw, and insects in the dark Taiga of Central Siberia. Oecologia 2005; 146:77-88. [PMID: 16091969 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Accepted: 05/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The dark taiga of Siberia is a boreal vegetation dominated by Picea obovata, Abies sibirica, and Pinus sibirica during the late succession. This paper investigates the population and age structure of 18 stands representing different stages after fire, wind throw, and insect damage. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the forest dynamics of the Siberian dark taiga is described quantitatively in terms of succession, and age after disturbance, stand density, and basal area. The basis for the curve-linear age/diameter relation of trees is being analyzed. (1) After a stand-replacing fire Betula dominates (4,000 trees) for about 70 years. Although tree density of Betula decreases rapidly, basal area (BA) reached >30 m2/ha after 40 years. (2) After fire, Abies, Picea, and Pinus establish at the same time as Betula, but grow slower, continue to gain height and eventually replace Betula. Abies has the highest seedling number (about 1,000 trees/ha) and the highest mortality. Picea establishes with 100-400 trees/ha, it has less mortality, but reached the highest age (>350 years, DBH 51 cm). Picea is the most important indicator for successional age after disturbance. Pinus sibirica is an accompanying species. The widely distributed "mixed boreal forest" is a stage about 120 years after fire reaching a BA of >40 m2/ha. (3) Wind throw and insect damage occur in old conifer stands. Betula does not establish. Abies initially dominates (2,000-6,000 trees/ha), but Picea becomes dominant after 150-200 years since Abies is shorter lived. (4) Without disturbance the forest develops into a pure coniferous canopy (BA 40-50 m2/ha) with a self-regenerating density of 1,000 coniferous canopy trees/ha. There is no collapse of old-growth stands. The dark taiga may serve as an example in which a limited set to tree species may gain dominance under certain disturbance conditions without ever getting monotypic.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-D Schulze
- Max-Planck Institute of Biogeochemistry, Box 100164, 07701, Jena, Germany.
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Reimer P, Wirth C, Schima W, Schoenberg S, Robinson P, Vestring T, Caurette D. Kann die Detektion fokaler Leberläsionen durch ein Doppelkontrastkonzept verbessert werden? On-site-Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Multicenterstudie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-867544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wirth C, Comte V, Lagneau C, Exbrayat P, Lissac M, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Ponsonnet L. Nitinol surface roughness modulates in vitro cell response: a comparison between fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wirth C, Schulze ED, Kusznetova V, Milyukova I, Hardes G, Siry M, Schulze B, Vygodskaya NN. Comparing the influence of site quality, stand age, fire and climate on aboveground tree production in Siberian Scots pine forests. Tree Physiol 2002; 22:537-552. [PMID: 12045026 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/22.8.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Temporal patterns of stem and needle production and total aboveground net primary production (ANPP) were studied at the tree and stand level along four chronosequences of Siberian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests differing in site quality (poor lichen type or the more fertile Vaccinium type) and in frequency of surface fires (unburned, moderately burned (fire return interval of approximately 40 years), or heavily burned (fire return interval of approximately 25 years)). The maximum range of variability in aboveground production was quantified for: (1) possible long-term changes in site quality; (2) stand age; (3) non-stand-replacing, recurring surface fires; and (4) interannual climate variability. For (1) and (2), total ANPP was low in the lichen-type chronosequence, reached a maximum of 170 g C m(-2) year(-1) after 100 years and decreased to 100 g C m(-2) year(-1) in older stands. Maximum ANPP in the Vaccinium-type chronosequence was 340 g C m(-2) year(-1) and occurred earlier in the 53-year-old stand than in the other stands. Along the lichen-type chronosequences, peak ANPP was paralleled by maximum carbon allocation to stem growth. (3) In mature trees, damage by recurrent surface fires decreased stem growth by 17 +/- 19% over a 10-year period relative to pre-fire values. At longer timescales, ANPP was hardly affected by fire-related differences in mortality. (4) Needle- plus stem-NPP, reconstructed for a 3-year period, varied within a range of 15 g C m(-2) year(-1) in the lichen-type stands and 35 g C m(-2) year(-1) in the Vaccinium-type stands. For the same period, the coefficient of variance was higher for needle-NPP (20 +/- 10%) than for stem-NPP (12 +/- 7%). Needle- and stem-NPP did not covary in time. Most 30-year time series of stem-NPP at the tree level exhibited strong autocorrelation. In older trees, stem-NPP was positively correlated with growing season precipitation. Thus, the factors driving variability in ANPP ranked according to their maximum influence as: stand age (controlled by the frequency of stand-replacing fires) > site quality > growth depression because of surface fire damage approximately equal age-related reduction in ANPP > interannual variability approximately equal long-term effects of fire (stand density reduction). In lichen-type forests, we found that ANPP at the landscape level declined sharply when the interval between stand-replacing fires was less than 120 years, illustrating that fire strongly influences ANPP of boreal Scots pine forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wirth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie, P.O. Box 100164, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Schimel DS, House JI, Hibbard KA, Bousquet P, Ciais P, Peylin P, Braswell BH, Apps MJ, Baker D, Bondeau A, Canadell J, Churkina G, Cramer W, Denning AS, Field CB, Friedlingstein P, Goodale C, Heimann M, Houghton RA, Melillo JM, Moore B, Murdiyarso D, Noble I, Pacala SW, Prentice IC, Raupach MR, Rayner PJ, Scholes RJ, Steffen WL, Wirth C. Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems. Nature 2001; 414:169-72. [PMID: 11700548 DOI: 10.1038/35102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 959] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of carbon exchange between the atmosphere, land and the oceans is important, given that the terrestrial and marine environments are currently absorbing about half of the carbon dioxide that is emitted by fossil-fuel combustion. This carbon uptake is therefore limiting the extent of atmospheric and climatic change, but its long-term nature remains uncertain. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of global and regional patterns of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen data confirm that the terrestrial biosphere was largely neutral with respect to net carbon exchange during the 1980s, but became a net carbon sink in the 1990s. This recent sink can be largely attributed to northern extratropical areas, and is roughly split between North America and Eurasia. Tropical land areas, however, were approximately in balance with respect to carbon exchange, implying a carbon sink that offset emissions due to tropical deforestation. The evolution of the terrestrial carbon sink is largely the result of changes in land use over time, such as regrowth on abandoned agricultural land and fire prevention, in addition to responses to environmental changes, such as longer growing seasons, and fertilization by carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Nevertheless, there remain considerable uncertainties as to the magnitude of the sink in different regions and the contribution of different processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Schimel
- Max Planck Institute für Biogeochemie, Jena, Germany.
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Gaa A, Wirth C, Wassmer B, Schaefer HE, Fisch P. Critical Commentary to: Hepatic Failure with Neonatal Tissue Siderosis of Hematochromatotic Type in an Infant Presenting with Meconium Ileus. Pathol Res Pract 2001. [DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Borden JH, Marland G, Schlamadinger B, Matthews R, Schulze ED, Wirth C, Heimann M. "Kyoto forests" and a broader perspective on management. Science 2000; 290:1895c-986c. [PMID: 17742053 DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5498.1895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
The Kyoto protocol aims to reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Part of the strategy is the active management of terrestrial carbon sinks, principally through afforestation and reforestation. In their Perspective, Schulze et al. argue that the preservation of old-growth forests may have a larger positive effect on the carbon cycle than promotion of regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Schulze
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Post Office Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany.
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Schuler G, Wirth C, Klisch K, Failing K, Hoffmann B. Characterization of Proliferative Activity in Bovine Placentomes Between Day 150 and Parturition by Quantitative Immunohistochemical Detection of Ki67-Antigen. Reprod Domest Anim 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0531.2000.d01-12.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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