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Krys K, Capaldi CA, van Tilburg W, Lipp OV, Bond MH, Vauclair CM, Manickam LSS, Domínguez-Espinosa A, Torres C, Lun VMC, Teyssier J, Miles LK, Hansen K, Park J, Wagner W, Yu AA, Xing C, Wise R, Sun CR, Siddiqui RS, Salem R, Rizwan M, Pavlopoulos V, Nader M, Maricchiolo F, Malbran M, Javangwe G, Işık İ, Igbokwe DO, Hur T, Hassan A, Gonzalez A, Fülöp M, Denoux P, Cenko E, Chkhaidze A, Shmeleva E, Antalíková R, Ahmed RA. Catching up with wonderful women: The women-are-wonderful effect is smaller in more gender egalitarian societies. Int J Psychol 2017; 53 Suppl 1:21-26. [PMID: 28295294 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inequalities between men and women are common and well-documented. Objective indexes show that men are better positioned than women in societal hierarchies-there is no single country in the world without a gender gap. In contrast, researchers have found that the women-are-wonderful effect-that women are evaluated more positively than men overall-is also common. Cross-cultural studies on gender equality reveal that the more gender egalitarian the society is, the less prevalent explicit gender stereotypes are. Yet, because self-reported gender stereotypes may differ from implicit attitudes towards each gender, we reanalysed data collected across 44 cultures, and (a) confirmed that societal gender egalitarianism reduces the women-are-wonderful effect when it is measured more implicitly (i.e. rating the personality of men and women presented in images) and (b) documented that the social perception of men benefits more from gender egalitarianism than that of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuba Krys
- Institute of Psychology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Colin A Capaldi
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Ottmar V Lipp
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael Harris Bond
- Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - C-Melanie Vauclair
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Sam S Manickam
- Centre for Applied Psychological Studies, JSS University, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | - Julien Teyssier
- Département Clinique du Sujet, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Lynden K Miles
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Joonha Park
- Department of Management, Nagoya University of Commerce and Business, Nisshin, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Department of Social and Economic Psychology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Angela Arriola Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Philippines
| | - Cai Xing
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, China
| | - Ryan Wise
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Chien-Ru Sun
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taiwan
| | | | - Radwa Salem
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Vassilis Pavlopoulos
- Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Nader
- Department of Psychological Studies, Universidad ICESI, Colombia
| | | | - María Malbran
- Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - İdil Işık
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - David O Igbokwe
- College of Leadership Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Taekyun Hur
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Hassan
- Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ana Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Márta Fülöp
- Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary and Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| | - Patrick Denoux
- Département Clinique du Sujet, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Enila Cenko
- Social Sciences Research Center, University of New York Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Ana Chkhaidze
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Agricultural University of Georgia, Georgia
| | - Eleonora Shmeleva
- Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Radka Antalíková
- Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Denmark
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