1
|
Jahnke SA, Jitnarin N, Haddock CK, Kaipust C, Poston WSC, Hollerbach BS, Crisp C, Naylor Metoyer B. Meta-Analysis of Incidence and Mortality of Firefighter Cancer: An Update on Emerging Science. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:801-811. [PMID: 38546063 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.3.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Firefighters are faced with a broad range of toxic exposures during their work, including known and suspected carcinogens. The current study is an update to the previously published meta-analysis of cancer risk among firefighters by Soteriades and colleagues, and focuses on studies published from 2008 to 2020. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted, including electronic databases and bibliographies of recently published papers. Analyses include stratification of studies conducted in the United States (US) versus other countries. Cancer incidence and mortality rates were compared to the relevant general population. Random effects models were used to calculate summary risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS A total of 24 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Among the 42 cancer types covered, incidence was associated with firefighting in US samples for colon, kidney, large intestine, pleura, and prostate cancer, as well as malignant melanoma. There was an increased incidence of Hodgkin's Disease and malignant melanoma and a significantly lower risk of kidney cancer for non-US samples. Significant cancer mortality estimates for US samples included oral/buccal/mouth, other parts of the buccal cavity, pharynx, colon, esophagus, large intestine, lung, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, pancreas, pleura, rectum, and soft tissue sarcoma. No cancer had a significantly higher rate of mortality among non-US samples. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the global cancer burden among firefighters, and indicate that geographically stratifying studies afford a more nuanced risk perspective. Further research should investigate why US firefighters exhibit higher cancer mortality rates compared to international counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Jahnke
- Center for Fire, Rescue & EMS Health Research, NDRI-USA, Inc, United States
| | - Nattinee Jitnarin
- Center for Fire, Rescue & EMS Health Research, NDRI-USA, Inc, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bastani P, Jammeh A, Lamar F, Malenfant JH, Adewuyi P, Cavanaugh AM, Calloway K, Crisp C, Fofana N, Hallett TC, Jallow A, Muoneke U, Nyassi M, Thomas J, Troeschel A, Yard E, Yeh M, Bittaye M. Acute Kidney Injury Among Children Likely Associated with Diethylene Glycol-Contaminated Medications - The Gambia, June-September 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023; 72:217-222. [PMID: 36862590 PMCID: PMC9997663 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7209a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
On July 26, 2022, a pediatric nephrologist alerted The Gambia's Ministry of Health (MoH) to a cluster of cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) among young children at the country's sole teaching hospital, and on August 23, 2022, MoH requested assistance from CDC. CDC epidemiologists arrived in The Gambia, a West African country, on September 16 to assist MoH in characterizing the illness, describing the epidemiology, and identifying potential causal factors and their sources. Investigators reviewed medical records and interviewed caregivers to characterize patients' symptoms and identify exposures. The preliminary investigation suggested that various contaminated syrup-based children's medications contributed to the AKI outbreak. During the investigation, MoH recalled implicated medications from a single international manufacturer. Continued efforts to strengthen pharmaceutical quality control and event-based public health surveillance are needed to help prevent future medication-related outbreaks.
Collapse
|
3
|
Anastario M, Leston J, Crisp C, Lee C, Rink E. A qualitative study of services accessibility for indigenous persons who use injection drugs across three communities in the United States. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2022; 22:804-826. [PMID: 35266863 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2043798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aims: This study concerns the perspectives of Indigenous persons who use injection drugs (IPWIDs) and key stakeholders across multiple sectors regarding healthcare service and treatment accessibility in the United States.Methods: Sixty in-depth interviews were undertaken with selected participants (30 people who use injection drugs and 30 stakeholders) across three non-urban locations in the United States. An inductive analytic approach was used to explore perspectives regarding healthcare accessibility gaps.Results: IPWIDs described injecting stimulants, opioids, and diverted medications for opioid use disorder, as well as having unstable access to sterile syringes. Often, the most accessible treatment for IPWID substance use was engagement with punitive aspects of the criminal justice system. While local health and social services were described as providing limited or inadequate services for IPWIDs, human capital deficiencies in those agencies and institutions often reinforced barriers to accessibility for IPWIDs, further aggravating the epidemics of Hepatitis C Virus infection and overdose risk in Indigenous communities. Conclusions: Decolonizing approaches to IPWID-centered services are urgently needed to reduce disparities in transmission of infectious diseases and other health consequences of injection drug use among American Indian people. Potential pathways forward include moving away from punitive treatment of IPWIDs by the criminal justice system and toward local, tribally-centered, culturally appropriate treatment models. We identify an urgent need to provide reliable and local access to sterile injection equipment and opioid substitution treatment on or near reservations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Leston
- Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Carolyn Crisp
- Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Crystal Lee
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leston J, Crisp C, Lee MC, Rink E. Interviews with American Indian and Alaska Native People Who Inject Drugs. Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res 2020; 27:64-85. [PMID: 32259275 DOI: 10.5820/aian.2701.2020.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This project gathered opinions, attitudes, and beliefs from American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people who inject drugs (PWID). The primary objective of this study was to build formative knowledge around AI/AN PWID to help define and develop health care services and strategies by better understanding existing services, barriers, and challenges to seeking care. A total of 32 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. AI/AN PWID reported a number of structural, social, and geographical barriers when trying to access health care. PWID communities critically need integrative health care service strategies and improved education about injection drug use (IDU), outreach, and prevention programs and resources. More low-barrier and streamlined access to needles should be coupled with other health care services for PWID. PWID are a key resource to help health care providers and community members correct misconceptions and better understand IDU.
Collapse
|
5
|
Leston J, Crisp C, Lee C, Rink E. An interview project with native American people: a community-based study to identify actionable steps to reduce health disparities. Public Health 2019; 176:82-91. [PMID: 30765139 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to work with tribal communities to define and develop their own healthcare services and strategies for positive change regarding injection drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The secondary objective of this study was to incorporate community capacity building strategies to develop and sustain programming and resources to optimize tribal communities' responsiveness to reduce health disparities. STUDY DESIGN Semi-structured qualitative interviews. METHODS Interviews were guided by community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles to create programs, projects, and policy recommendations meaningful to American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people. RESULTS The study generated a formative understanding of the context of AI/AN people who inject drugs (PWID) in three distinct AI/AN communities as well as developed local capacity for future programming, projects, and policy. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms CBPR methods should be part of an iterative cycle to inform policy and programs. CBPR has helped strengthen local research capacity and has formed ongoing relationships between study investigators, local liaisons, and the community that will be essential for next phases of program design and policy implementation. This cycle of CBPR could be replicated in other tribal communities to bring awareness of the opioid epidemic and its effects and to prioritize local indigenous and community-led responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Leston
- Tribal Epidemiology Center, Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board, 2121 SW Broadway, Suite 300, Portland, OR, 97201, United States.
| | - C Crisp
- Tribal Epidemiology Center, Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board, 2121 SW Broadway, Suite 300, Portland, OR, 97201, United States
| | - C Lee
- University of West Florida, Department of Public Health, 11000 University Parkway, Building 38, Pensacola, FL, 32514-5750, USA
| | - E Rink
- Montana State University, Department of Health and Human Development, 318 Herrick Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McGovern T, Fine J, Crisp C, Battistini E. As the HIV Epidemic among Young Women Grows, Can We Look to the SDGs to Reverse the Trend? Health Hum Rights 2017; 19:223-236. [PMID: 29302178 PMCID: PMC5739372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To end the growing HIV epidemic among young women, human rights violations must be addressed. The Sustainable Development Goals have the potential to help, but only if political barriers are overcome and a rights-based approach is integrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry McGovern
- Chair of the Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, USA
| | - Johanna Fine
- Human rights lawyer formerly with the Center for Reproductive Rights, USA
| | - Carolyn Crisp
- Recent graduate of Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health and currently works as an independent public health consultant
| | - Emily Battistini
- Recent graduate of Columbia University’s dual-degree program in medicine and public health and currently works as a researcher for the YIELD Project
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mason-Jones AJ, Crisp C, Momberg M, Koech J, De Koker P, Mathews C. A systematic review of the role of school-based healthcare in adolescent sexual, reproductive, and mental health. Syst Rev 2012; 1:49. [PMID: 23098138 PMCID: PMC3621403 DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-1-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accessible sexual, reproductive, and mental healthcare services are crucial for adolescent health and wellbeing. It has been reported that school-based healthcare (SBHC) has the potential to improve the availability of services particularly for young people who are normally underserved. Locating health services in schools has the potential to reduce transport costs, increase accessibility and provide links between schools and communities. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was undertaken. Pubmed, Psychinfo, Psychnet, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science were searched for English language papers published between January 1990 and March 2012 RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were found which fitted the criteria, of which, all but one were from North America. Only three measured adolescent sexual, reproductive, or mental health outcomes related to SBHC and none of the studies were randomized controlled trials. The remaining studies explored accessibility of services and clinic utilization or described pertinent contextual factors. CONCLUSIONS There is a paucity of high quality research which evaluates SBHC and its effects on adolescent sexual, reproductive, and mental health. However, there is evidence that SBHC is popular with young people, and provides important mental and reproductive health services. Services also appear to have cost benefits in terms of adolescent health and society as a whole by reducing health disparities and attendance at secondary care facilities. However, clearer definitions of what constitutes SBHC and more high quality research is urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Mason-Jones
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Crisp C, Barette L. Reaching out to people who hoard. Can Nurse 2010; 106:33-34. [PMID: 20364787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
|
9
|
Moreno F, Grota P, Crisp C, Magnon K, Melcher GP, Jorgensen JH, Patterson JE. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium during its emergence in a city in southern Texas. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21:1234-7. [PMID: 8589148 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/21.5.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During a 19-month period from April 1993 to October 1994, 41 isolates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) were detected in seven different hospitals in a city in southern Texas. A case-control study to determine the risk factors for acquisition was done in the hospital in which the majority of isolates were detected. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of whole-cell DNA was used to determine strain identity. Thirty-five (85%) of the 41 VREF isolates were of the vanB phenotype. Of these, 32 (91%) of 35 were the same strain by PFGE typing. The same vanB strain was documented in five different hospitals in the city. In contrast, 4 (67%) of 6 of the vanA phenotype VREF isolates were distinct strains by PFGE typing. Significant risk factors for colonization or infection with VREF were prior exposure to antibiotics (P = .04), the previous use of third-generation cephalosporins (P = .03), and the previous use of parenteral vancomycin (P = .002). Infection-control and antibiotic-utilization measures were implemented to control cross-transmission and selection of VREF isolates. During the emergence of VREF in our city, clonal dissemination of a single strain of vanB VREF among six hospitals was documented. Limited cross-transmission of vanA phenotype VREF isolates occurred, but most vanA VREF isolates were distinct strains selected in individual hospital environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Moreno
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78284-7881, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
An increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections prompted a study of MRSA during a 21-month period in a 600-bed university hospital in southern Texas. MRSA cases were classified as community, nosocomial, or transfer cases. A case-control study of risk factors for community MRSA compared with community methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was performed. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of whole cell DNA typing was used as a marker of strain identity for 31 consecutive isolates collected during the last 8 months of the study. During the 21 months there were 170 patients with MRSA infection or colonization, an incidence of 0.2 per 1,000 patient-days. Ninety-nine (58%) of 170 isolates were from community cases; the community to nosocomial case ratio was 2:1. No significant risk factors differentiated patients with community MRSA compared with community MSSA. Most community MRSA isolates studied (15 [68%] of 22) had distinct PFGE patterns, as did many nosocomial MRSA isolates (4 [44%] of 9). MRSA isolates were commonly present on admission to the hospital, and multiple MRSA strains were demonstrated among both community and hospital isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Moreno
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moreno F, Crisp C, Jorgensen JH, Patterson JE. The clinical and molecular epidemiology of bacteremias at a university hospital caused by pneumococci not susceptible to penicillin. J Infect Dis 1995; 172:427-32. [PMID: 7622885 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/172.2.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the epidemiology of bacteremias due to pneumococci not susceptible to penicillin (PNSP) at a university hospital, active microbiologic surveillance of bacteremias due to PNSP was done for 28 months. Controls were bacteremias caused by penicillin-susceptible pneumococci. Antimicrobial susceptibilities for alternative antibiotics were determined. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and serotyping were used as markers of strain identity. Of 113 pneumococcal isolates, 14 (13%) were intermediate or resistant to penicillin (MIC > or = 0.1 microgram/mL). Twelve PNSP were resistant to other drugs: chloramphenicol (5), tetracycline (6), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (5), cefotaxime (1), and erythromycin (1). Independently significant risk factors associated with PNSP bacteremia were sepsis and prior treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics. PFGE revealed 10 distinguishable patterns among 12 isolates available for typing. In general, PFGE typing correlated with serotyping. It also distinguished some isolates of the same serotype. PFGE typing and serotyping suggest that the frequency of PNSP in the San Antonio, Texas, area is not due to dissemination of a single clonal strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Moreno
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78284-7881, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
While medical treatment of COPD has advanced, the failure to adhere to regimens for medication poses a significant barrier to effective management. Furthermore, no data are available regarding adherence for patients within the United States. Data from this investigation indicate that 78 outpatients from a medical center in the southeastern region of the United States were prescribed an average of 6.26 medications with both various dosing schedules and different modes of administration. Adherence was poor, with 42 patients (54 percent) underutilizing medications, 39 patients (50 percent) overutilizing medications during periods of respiratory distress, and 24 patients (31 percent) employing ineffective inhaler dosing techniques. Prescription patterns and adherence were not associated with demographic variables; however, adherence was related to classes of medication and situational variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Dolce
- University of Alabama, Behavioral Medicine Unit, Birmingham
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Smith K, Crisp C. Clinical comparison of H2-antagonists. Conn Med 1986; 50:815-7. [PMID: 3816221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|