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Stewart C, Siu A, Tsui C, Finer Y, Hatton B. Rapid synthesis of drug-encapsulated films by evaporation-induced self-assembly for highly-controlled drug release from biomaterial surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6453-6463. [PMID: 35993489 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection at the surgical site for dental implants results in failed procedures, patient pain, burdensome economic impact, and the over-prescription of prophylactic antibiotics. Mesoporous silica films as coatings for implants may provide an ideal antimicrobial drug storage and local release vector to the site of infection, however traditional drug loading techniques result in insufficient drug load and short-term release kinetics. In this work, we have applied a method to use a surfactant-antimicrobial drug octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) as a template for mesostructured silica, to demonstrate silica-OCT composite films. The films are synthesized by evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) and we explore the effects of synthesis parameters on porous film structure, OCT incorporation, and OCT drug release rates. Drug micelle incorporation into the silica mesostructure was highly dependent on silica precursor pre-reaction to form silica oligomers before film spin-casting. The OCT drug concentration of the synthesis solution dictated the time required for effective incorporation (without phase separation), with total loading in the film of up to 90% by mass. The OCT content in the films was found to directly determine the timescale of drug release, from 2 to 8 h for a single layer film. The total release timescale was increased by the addition of multiple layers of OCT-silica films to nearly 2 weeks. Drug release from films completely inhibited Streptococcus mutans (UA159) growth, while drug-free porous silica films showed no increase in bacterial growth over non-porous control. These OCT-silica films have a significant potential to store and release antimicrobial drugs from dental implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stewart
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - A Siu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - C Tsui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Finer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - B Hatton
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Chow YF, Cheng BCP, Cheng HK, Ho B, Lee CK, Ng SK, So R, Tse KC, Tsui C, Wan R, Wong S. Hong Kong Society of Clinical Blood Management recommendations for implementation of patient blood management. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26:331-338. [PMID: 32807736 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient blood management (PBM) is a patient-centred, multidisciplinary approach to optimise red cell mass, minimise blood loss, and manage tolerance to anaemia in an effort to improve patient outcomes. Well-implemented PBM improves patient outcomes and reduces demand for blood products. The multidisciplinary approach of PBM can often allow patients to avoid blood transfusions, which are associated with less favourable clinical outcomes. In Hong Kong, there has been increasing demand for blood in the ageing population, and there are simultaneous blood safety and donor issues that are adversely affecting the blood supply. To address these challenges, the Hong Kong Society of Clinical Blood Management recommends implementation of a PBM programme in Hong Kong, including strategies such as optimising red blood cell mass, improving anaemia management, minimising blood loss, and rationalising the use of blood and blood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Chow
- Department of Anaesthesiology and OT Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - B C P Cheng
- Department of Anaesthesia and Operating Theatre Services, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - H K Cheng
- Department of Anaesthesia and Operating Theatre Services, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - B Ho
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C K Lee
- Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong
| | - S K Ng
- Private Practice, Hong Kong
| | - R So
- Department of Anaesthesia, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K C Tse
- Department of Anaesthesia and Operating Theatre Services, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C Tsui
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - R Wan
- Private Practice, Hong Kong
| | - S Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology and OT Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
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3
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Tsui C, Koss K, Churchward MA, Todd KG. Biomaterials and glia: Progress on designs to modulate neuroinflammation. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:13-28. [PMID: 30414483 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are multi-functional cells that play a vital role in establishing and maintaining the function of the nervous system and determining the fate of neurons following injury or neuropathology. The roles of microglia are diverse and essential to the capacity of the nervous system to recover from injury, however sustained inflammation can limit recovery and drive chronic disease processes such as neurodegenerative disorders. When assessing implantable therapeutic devices in the central nervous system, an improved lifetime of the implant is considered achievable through the attenuation of microglial inflammation. Consequently, there is a tremendous underexplored potential in biomaterial and engineered design to modulate neuroinflammation for therapeutic benefit. Several strategies for improving device compatibility reviewed here include: biocompatible coatings, improved designs in finer and flexible shapes to reduce tissue shear-related scarring, and loading of anti-inflammatory drugs. Studies about microglial cell cultures in 3D hydrogels and nanoscaffolds to assess various injuries and disorders are also discussed. A variety of other microglia-targeting treatments are also reviewed, including nanoparticulate systems, cellular backpacks, and gold plinths, with the intention of delivering anti-inflammatory drugs by targeting the phagocytic nature of microglia. Overall, this review highlights recent advances in biomaterials targeting microglia and inflammatory function with the potential for improving implant rejection and biocompatibility studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, and thus play a central role in the neuroinflammatory response against conditions than span acute injuries, neuropsychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review article presents a summary of biomaterials research that target microglia and other glial cells in order to attenuate neuroinflammation, including but not limited to: design of mechanically compliant and biocompatible stimulation electrodes, hydrogels for high-throughput 3D modelling of nervous tissue, and uptake of nanoparticle drug delivery systems. The goal of this paper is to identify strengths and gaps in the relevant literature, and to promote further consideration of microglia behaviour and neuroinflammation in biomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tsui
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - K Koss
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - M A Churchward
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - K G Todd
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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4
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Sakthianandeswaren A, Parsons MJ, Mouradov D, MacKinnon RN, Catimel B, Liu S, Palmieri M, Love C, Jorissen RN, Li S, Whitehead L, Putoczki TL, Preaudet A, Tsui C, Nowell CJ, Ward RL, Hawkins NJ, Desai J, Gibbs P, Ernst M, Street I, Buchert M, Sieber OM. MACROD2 Haploinsufficiency Impairs Catalytic Activity of PARP1 and Promotes Chromosome Instability and Growth of Intestinal Tumors. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:988-1005. [PMID: 29880585 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is an important posttranslational protein modification that regulates diverse biological processes, controlled by dedicated transferases and hydrolases. Here, we show that frequent deletions (∼30%) of the MACROD2 mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolase locus in human colorectal cancer cause impaired PARP1 transferase activity in a gene dosage-dependent manner. MACROD2 haploinsufficiency alters DNA repair and sensitivity to DNA damage and results in chromosome instability. Heterozygous and homozygous depletion of Macrod2 enhances intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice and the growth of human colorectal cancer xenografts. MACROD2 deletion in sporadic colorectal cancer is associated with the extent of chromosome instability, independent of clinical parameters and other known genetic drivers. We conclude that MACROD2 acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor, with loss of function promoting chromosome instability, thereby driving cancer evolution.Significance: Chromosome instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer. We identify MACROD2 deletion as a cause of CIN in human colorectal cancer. MACROD2 loss causes repression of PARP1 activity, impairing DNA repair. MACROD2 haploinsufficiency promotes CIN and intestinal tumor growth. Our results reveal MACROD2 as a major caretaker tumor suppressor gene. Cancer Discov; 8(8); 988-1005. ©2018 AACR.See related commentary by Jin and Burkard, p. 921This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie J Parsons
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dmitri Mouradov
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth N MacKinnon
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne (St Vincent's Hospital), Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruno Catimel
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheng Liu
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Love
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert N Jorissen
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shan Li
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adele Preaudet
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cary Tsui
- Histology Facility, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, The Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L Ward
- Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Hawkins
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Street
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics Cooperative Research Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer & Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver M Sieber
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Scaffidi MA, Khan R, Almazroui A, Lin P, Tsui C, Iqbal S, Walsh CM, Grover SC. A46 SELF-ASSESSMENT ACCURACY OF TECHNICAL AND NON-TECHNICAL SKILLS IN LIVE COLONOSCOPIES BY NOVICE ENDOSCOPISTS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M A Scaffidi
- Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Khan
- Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Almazroui
- Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Lin
- Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Tsui
- Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Iqbal
- Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C M Walsh
- Hospital for Sick Children and the Wilson Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S C Grover
- Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Tsui C, Wan D, Grewal J, Barlow A, Kiess M, Krahn A, Human D, Chakrabarti S, Sathananthan J. CHADS2 SCORE ASSOCIATED WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BUT NOT PREDICTIVE OF STROKE IN ADULTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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7
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Hammer M, Tsui C, Balmain S, Kobulnik J, Goldman R, Husain A, Steinberg L, Mak S. THE IMPACT OF HEARTFULL ON PLACE OF DEATH FOR ADVANCED HEART FAILURE PATIENTS. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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8
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Poh AR, Love CG, Masson F, Preaudet A, Tsui C, Whitehead L, Monard S, Khakham Y, Burstroem L, Lessene G, Sieber O, Lowell C, Putoczki TL, O'Donoghue RJJ, Ernst M. Inhibition of Hematopoietic Cell Kinase Activity Suppresses Myeloid Cell-Mediated Colon Cancer Progression. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:563-575.e5. [PMID: 28399411 PMCID: PMC5479329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the SRC family kinase hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) triggers hematological malignancies as a tumor cell-intrinsic oncogene. Here we find that high HCK levels correlate with reduced survival of colorectal cancer patients. Likewise, increased Hck activity in mice promotes the growth of endogenous colonic malignancies and of human colorectal cancer cell xenografts. Furthermore, tumor-associated macrophages of the corresponding tumors show a pronounced alternatively activated endotype, which occurs independently of mature lymphocytes or of Stat6-dependent Th2 cytokine signaling. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition or genetic reduction of Hck activity suppresses alternative activation of tumor-associated macrophages and the growth of colon cancer xenografts. Thus, Hck may serve as a promising therapeutic target for solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher G Love
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Frederick Masson
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Adele Preaudet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Cary Tsui
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Simon Monard
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yelena Khakham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lotta Burstroem
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Oliver Sieber
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Clifford Lowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Robert J J O'Donoghue
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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9
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Koss K, Tsui C, Unsworth LD. Induced Neural Differentiation of MMP-2 Cleaved (RADA) 4 Drug Delivery Systems. J Control Release 2016; 243:204-213. [PMID: 27720765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
(RADA)4 self-assembling peptides (SAPs) are promising for neural nanoscaffolds with on-demand drug delivery capabilities due to their automated synthesis, in-situ assembly, and potential for interaction with and release of biomolecules. Neuroinflammation cued on-demand drug release, due to up-regulated proteases, may well be vital in the treatment of several neurological diseases. In these conditions, releasing neurotrophic growth factors (NTFs) could potentially lead to neuroprotection and neurogenesis. As such, (RADA)4 was made with the high and low activity matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) cleaved sequences, GPQG+IASQ (CP1) and GPQG+PAGQ (CP2), the brain-derived NTF secretion stimulating peptide MVG (DP1) and the ciliary NTF analogue DGGL (DP2). PC-12 cell culture was performed to assess bioactive substrate cell adhesion and NTF specific neuronal differentiation. The laminin-derived IKVAV peptide, known for neural cell attachment and interaction, was tethered to (RADA)4-IKVAV and mixed in increasing increments with (RADA)4 for this purpose. With 1 nanomolar MMP-2 treatment, product formation was observed to increase over a three day period, with (RADA)4/(RADA)4-CP1/CP2 mixture, however there was little difference between groups. Smaller CP1/CP2 concentrations displayed comparable (RADA)4 nanoscale morphology to higher concentrations. Acetylcholine esterase and neural differentiation was observed over 3 days with 1 nM MMP-2 treatment according to the following makeup: 8/1/1 (RADA)4/(RADA)4-IKVAV/(RADA)4-CP1/CP2-DP1/DP2. Signalling gradually increased in all groups, and neurite outgrowth was visible after three days.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koss
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 11487 89 ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M7; National Institute for Nanotechnology, NRC, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9
| | - C Tsui
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 11487 89 ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M7; National Institute for Nanotechnology, NRC, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9
| | - L D Unsworth
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 11487 89 ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M7; National Institute for Nanotechnology, NRC, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9.
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10
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Christie M, Jorissen RN, Mouradov D, Sakthianandeswaren A, Li S, Day F, Tsui C, Lipton L, Desai J, Jones IT, McLaughlin S, Ward RL, Hawkins NJ, Ruszkiewicz AR, Moore J, Burgess AW, Busam D, Zhao Q, Strausberg RL, Simpson AJ, Tomlinson IPM, Gibbs P, Sieber OM. Different APC genotypes in proximal and distal sporadic colorectal cancers suggest distinct WNT/β-catenin signalling thresholds for tumourigenesis. Oncogene 2013; 32:4675-82. [PMID: 23085758 PMCID: PMC3787794 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic protein-truncating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are prevalent in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Mutations may not be fully inactivating, instead producing WNT/β-catenin signalling levels 'just-right' for tumourigenesis. However, the spectrum of optimal APC genotypes accounting for both hits, and the influence of clinicopathological features on genotype selection remain undefined. We analysed 630 sporadic CRCs for APC mutations and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphism microarrays, respectively. Truncating APC mutations and/or LOH were detected in 75% of CRCs. Most truncating mutations occurred within a mutation cluster region (MCR; codons 1282-1581) leaving 1-3 intact 20 amino-acid repeats (20AARs) and abolishing all Ser-Ala-Met-Pro (SAMP) repeats. Cancers commonly had one MCR mutation plus either LOH or another mutation 5' to the MCR. LOH was associated with mutations leaving 1 intact 20AAR. MCR mutations leaving 1 vs 2-3 intact 20AARs were associated with 5' mutations disrupting or leaving intact the armadillo-repeat domain, respectively. Cancers with three hits had an over-representation of mutations upstream of codon 184, in the alternatively spliced region of exon 9, and 3' to the MCR. Microsatellite unstable cancers showed hyper-mutation at MCR mono- and di-nucleotide repeats, leaving 2-3 intact 20AARs. Proximal and distal cancers exhibited different preferred APC genotypes, leaving a total of 2 or 3 and 0 to 2 intact 20AARs, respectively. In conclusion, APC genotypes in sporadic CRCs demonstrate 'fine-tuned' interdependence of hits by type and location, consistent with selection for particular residual levels of WNT/β-catenin signalling, with different 'optimal' thresholds for proximal and distal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christie
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - R N Jorissen
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Mouradov
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Sakthianandeswaren
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Li
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - F Day
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Tsui
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Lipton
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Desai
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - I T Jones
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S McLaughlin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Western Hospital, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - R L Ward
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N J Hawkins
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A R Ruszkiewicz
- Pathology Department, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Moore
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A W Burgess
- Epithelial Biology Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Busam
- J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Q Zhao
- J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - R L Strausberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory for Cancer Biology and Therapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, New York, NY, USA
| | - A J Simpson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory for Cancer Biology and Therapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, New York, NY, USA
| | - I P M Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX, UK
| | - P Gibbs
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - O M Sieber
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Day FL, Jorissen RN, Lipton L, Mouradov D, Sakthianandeswaren A, Christie M, Li S, Tsui C, Tie J, Desai J, Xu ZZ, Molloy P, Whitehall V, Leggett BA, Jones IT, McLaughlin S, Ward RL, Hawkins NJ, Ruszkiewicz AR, Moore J, Busam D, Zhao Q, Strausberg RL, Gibbs P, Sieber OM. PIK3CA and PTEN gene and exon mutation-specific clinicopathologic and molecular associations in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3285-96. [PMID: 23633456 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PIK3CA and PTEN mutations are prevalent in colorectal cancer and potential markers of response to mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors and anti-EGF receptor antibody therapy. Relationships between phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway mutation, clinicopathologic characteristics, molecular features, and prognosis remain controversial. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 1,093 stage I-IV colorectal cancers were screened for PIK3CA (exons 9 and 20), KRAS (codons 12-13), BRAF (codon 600) mutations, and microsatellite instability (MSI). PTEN (exons 3-8) and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) status were determined in 744 and 489 cases. PIK3CA data were integrated with 17 previous reports (n = 5,594). RESULTS PIK3CA and PTEN mutations were identified in 11.9% and 5.8% of colorectal cancers. PTEN mutation was associated with proximal tumors, mucinous histology, MSI-high (MSI-H), CIMP-high (CIMP-H), and BRAF mutation (P < 0.02). PIK3CA mutation was related to older age, proximal tumors, mucinous histology, and KRAS mutation (P < 0.04). In integrated cohort analysis, PIK3CA exon 9 and 20 mutations were overrepresented in proximal, CIMP-low (CIMP-L), and KRAS-mutated cancers (P ≤ 0.011). Comparing PIK3CA exonic mutants, exon 20 mutation was associated with MSI-H, CIMP-H, and BRAF mutation, and exon 9 mutation was associated with KRAS mutation (P ≤ 0.027). Disease-free survival for stage II/III colorectal cancers did not differ by PI3K pathway status. CONCLUSION PI3K pathway mutation is prominent in proximal colon cancers, with PIK3CA exon 20 and PTEN mutations associated with features of the sessile-serrated pathway (MSI-H/CIMP-H/BRAF(mut)), and PIK3CA exon 9 (and to a lesser extent exon 20) mutation associated with features of the traditional serrated pathway (CIMP-L/KRAS(mut)) of tumorigenesis. Our data highlight the PI3K pathway as a therapeutic target in distinct colorectal cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Day
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Australia
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12
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You CJ, Tian CM, Liang YM, Dong XB, Tsui C. First Report of Pitch Canker Disease Caused by Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii on Pinus sylvestris in China. Plant Dis 2013; 97:283. [PMID: 30722325 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-12-0166-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In November 2010, pitch canker disease was first discovered on Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. from Daxinganling region in Inner Mongolia Province, China, resulting in severe dieback and bark cracking on the host, accompanied by resin flowing profusely from cankers on the infected branches, cones, and trunks (2). The early stage symptoms consisted of sunken cankers, reddish-brown needles on infected twigs followed by heavy resin soaking of the wood as the disease progressed. Pieces of pitch-soaked wood (3 × 3 mm2) cut from cankerous tissue on branches were surface-sterilized with 0.4% NaOCl for 2 min and then rinsed twice in sterile distilled water. The fragments were placed on potato dextrose agar and incubated at 28°C in the dark. After 7 to 8 days, this process consistently yielded cultures with whitish, dense, aerial mycelium that later darkened to gray. Microconidia were single, oblong to cylindrical, aseptate, and 4 to 10 × 2 to 4 μm. Macroconidia were hyaline, 1- to 2-septate, oblong to cylindrical, with tiny papillae at both ends, and 10 to 13 × 2 to 5 μm, fitting the description of Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii (1). To verify the identification based on morphological features, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA genes was amplified using primers ITS1 (TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG) and ITS4 (TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC) according to the published protocol (3), and then sequenced and compared to the GenBank database through BLAST search. Comparison of the sequences revealed 98% homology to R. kalkhoffii (EU700375.1 and EU700376.1). Representative sequences of R. kalkhoffii (JQ353721 and JQ353722) were deposited in GenBank. The pathogenicity of two representative isolates of R. kalkhoffii was also confirmed by spraying 40 μl of conidial suspension (4.6 × 106 conidia/ml) on the bark surface of 20 2-year-old healthy pine seedlings, wounded by scratching with a sterilized knife. Sterile distilled water sprays were used for the controls. Within 4 to 8 weeks after inoculation, 90% of inoculated P. sylvestris exhibited symptoms of pitch cankers around the inoculation site similar to those on the original infection. R. kalkhoffii was consistently reisolated from all inoculated plants but not from water-treated controls, fulfilling Koch's postulates. R. kalkhoffii have previously been documented as pathogens of needle blight of Picea pungens (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. kalkhoffii as a pathogen on Pinus sylvestris in China, and furthermore, pitch canker disease is currently listed as a quarantine disease in China, increasing the significance of this report. References: (1) J. Kumi et al. Eur. J. Forest Pathol. 9:35, 1979. (2) J. K. Lee et al. Plant Pathol. 16:52, 2000. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J You
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Conservation Affiliated to Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - C M Tian
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Conservation Affiliated to Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Y M Liang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Conservation Affiliated to Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - X B Dong
- Department of Forest Conservation Affiliated to State Administration of Forestry, Shenyang 110034
| | - C Tsui
- Department of Forest Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada V6T 1Z4
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Fleming NI, Jorissen RN, Mouradov D, Christie M, Sakthianandeswaren A, Palmieri M, Day F, Li S, Tsui C, Lipton L, Desai J, Jones IT, McLaughlin S, Ward RL, Hawkins NJ, Ruszkiewicz AR, Moore J, Zhu HJ, Mariadason JM, Burgess AW, Busam D, Zhao Q, Strausberg RL, Gibbs P, Sieber OM. SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 mutations in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 73:725-35. [PMID: 23139211 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway provides growth inhibitory signals in the normal intestinal epithelium. Colorectal cancers (CRCs) frequently harbor somatic mutations in the pathway members TGFBR2 and SMAD4, but to what extent mutations in SMAD2 or SMAD3 contribute to tumorigenesis is unclear. A cohort of 744 primary CRCs and 36 CRC cell lines were sequenced for SMAD4, SMAD2, and SMAD3 and analyzed for allelic loss by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis. Mutation spectra were compared between the genes, the pathogenicity of mutations was assessed, and relationships with clinicopathologic features were examined. The prevalence of SMAD4, SMAD2, and SMAD3 mutations in sporadic CRCs was 8.6% (64 of 744), 3.4% (25 of 744), and 4.3% (32 of 744), respectively. A significant overrepresentation of two genetic hits was detected for SMAD4 and SMAD3, consistent with these genes acting as tumor suppressors. SMAD4 mutations were associated with mucinous histology. The mutation spectra of SMAD2 and SMAD3 were highly similar to that of SMAD4, both in mutation type and location within the encoded proteins. In silico analyses suggested the majority of the mutations were pathogenic, with most missense changes predicted to reduce protein stability or hinder SMAD complex formation. The latter altered interface residues or disrupted the phosphorylation-regulated Ser-Ser-X-Ser motifs within SMAD2 and SMAD3. Functional analyses of selected mutations showed reductions in SMAD3 transcriptional activity and SMAD2-SMAD4 complex formation. Joint biallelic hits in SMAD2 and SMAD3 were overrepresented and mutually exclusive to SMAD4 mutation, underlining the critical roles of these three proteins within the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas I Fleming
- Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Sakthianandeswaren A, Christie M, D'Andreti C, Tsui C, Jorissen RN, Li S, Fleming NI, Gibbs P, Lipton L, Malaterre J, Ramsay RG, Phesse TJ, Ernst M, Jeffery RE, Poulsom R, Leedham SJ, Segditsas S, Tomlinson IPM, Bernhard OK, Simpson RJ, Walker F, Faux MC, Church N, Catimel B, Flanagan DJ, Vincan E, Sieber OM. PHLDA1 Expression Marks the Putative Epithelial Stem Cells and Contributes to Intestinal Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3709-19. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tsui C, Rice TM. Patterns of helmet use among San Francisco Bay Area motorcyclists. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wu PY, Hanlon M, Eddins M, Tsui C, Rogers RS, Jensen JP, Matunis MJ, Weissman AM, Wolberger CP, Pickart CM. A conserved catalytic residue in the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. EMBO J 2007. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Abstract
While the signaling properties of ubiquitin depend on the topology of polyubiquitin chains, little is known concerning the molecular basis of specificity in chain assembly and recognition. UEV/Ubc complexes have been implicated in the assembly of Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains that act as a novel signal in postreplicative DNA repair and I kappa B alpha kinase activation. The crystal structure of the Mms2/Ubc13 heterodimer shows the active site of Ubc13 at the intersection of two channels that are potential binding sites for the two substrate ubiquitins. Mutations that destabilize the heterodimer interface confer a marked UV sensitivity, providing direct evidence that the intact heterodimer is necessary for DNA repair. Selective mutations in the channels suggest a molecular model for specificity in the assembly of Lys63-linked polyubiquitin signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P VanDemark
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tsui C. New records or species of Dictyochaeta, Endophragmiella and Ramichloridium from submerged wood in Hong Kong freshwater streams. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0181-1584(01)80005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tsui C, Shao L, Wang C, Tao GQ, Letham D, Parker C, Summons R, Hocart C. Identification of a cytokinin in water chestnuts (corms of Eleocharis tuberosa). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(83)90119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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