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Trinh CD, Girard R, Schick MR, Spillane NS. Positive psychological interventions on alcohol use and consequences: Pilot randomized trial in a young adult cannabis-using sample. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2024; 158:209241. [PMID: 38056630 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young adults exhibit high rates of concurrent alcohol and cannabis use, which is associated with more negative alcohol-related consequences. Positive psychological interventions have successfully been leveraged to target alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine use, as well as substance use disorders, and may be a useful harm reduction approach to reduce alcohol-related consequences. This pilot study sought to generate effect sizes for two positive psychological interventions, Savoring and Three Good Things, on frequency of alcohol use, quantity of alcohol use, and alcohol-related consequences. METHODS The current study used data from a pilot study testing positive psychological interventions to reduce cannabis use and cannabis-related consequences in young adults (ages 18 to 25) who used cannabis at least once per week within the prior month (N = 50, Mage = 22.72, 72 % men, 40 % White). Participants reported baseline alcohol and cannabis use and alcohol-related consequences, then the study randomized them to complete a daily Savoring intervention, Three Good Things, or a control exercise, and completed daily text message surveys for two weeks (i.e., the intervention period) and a follow-up survey. RESULTS Analyses revealed no significant differences across experimental conditions on alcohol use frequency, alcohol use quantity, or alcohol-related consequences at baseline or follow-up. Paired samples t-tests demonstrated that participants in the Savoring group showed large, significant decreases in alcohol-related consequences (t[16] = 2.28, p = .04, gav = 0.54); no decreases occurred in frequency or quantity of alcohol use. The Three Good Things group showed no significant decreases in alcohol-related consequences, frequency of alcohol use, or quantity of alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that a larger scale clinical trial is warranted to determine whether Savoring and Three Good Things might function as harm reduction interventions to reduce alcohol-related consequences in young adults who concurrently use alcohol and cannabis. Future research should use a larger sample, a longer intervention administration period, and a longer follow-up period to examine these positive psychological interventions more rigorously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Trinh
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Psychology, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Rachel Girard
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Psychology, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Melissa R Schick
- Yale School of Medicine, Division of Prevention and Community Research, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Psychology, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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Weiss NH, Spillane NS, Goldstein SC, Kiefer R, Raudales AM, Nalven T, Egan A, Trinh CD, Moore RS, Gone JP. Ground-up approach to understanding the impacts of historical trauma in one reserve-dwelling first nations community. J Consult Clin Psychol 2023; 91:717-730. [PMID: 37650826 PMCID: PMC10872583 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE First Nations peoples experience disproportionate health inequities compared to most non-Indigenous populations. Historical trauma is one factor that has received growing attention in relation to health inequities among First Nations populations. The goal of the present study was to improve understanding of the specific forms, impacts, and mechanisms of transmission of events that lead to historical trauma and the historical trauma response in First Nations peoples. METHOD Five focus groups were conducted among adult members of one First Nations community in Canada (N = 34; 70.4% female). RESULTS Conventional content analysis revealed the numerous forms that historical trauma take in this First Nations community; individual-, familial-, community-, and societal-level impacts of historical trauma; and ways in which historical trauma has been transmitted in this community. Loss of culture, alcohol use, and parenting were major themes identified across these domains. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide important information on the experience of historical trauma in one First Nations community, highlighting the roles of loss of culture; alcohol use; and parenting in the forms, impacts, and transmission of historical trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alana Egan
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | | | - Roland S. Moore
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph P. Gone
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Trinh CD, Schick MR, Lynch-Gadaleta B, Martz A, Nalven T, Spillane NS. The Role of Savoring in Young Adult Cannabis Use and Associated Consequences: A Replication Study. J Psychoactive Drugs 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37947346 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2278583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Young adults exhibit high rates of cannabis use and are at heightened risk of experiencing negative cannabis-associated consequences. The purpose of the present study was to replicate and extend to prior work on savoring, the ability to experience positive experiences/emotions, and cannabis use frequency on cannabis-associated consequences. Young adults (18-25 years old, N = 122, 36.1% women) who reported weekly cannabis use completed self-report surveys. Savoring was significantly associated with cannabis use frequency (r = .28, p < .01) and cannabis-associated consequences (r = -.20, p < .05). Cannabis use frequency was significantly and negatively associated with cannabis-associated consequences (r = -.24, p < .01). However, the interaction between cannabis use frequency and savoring on cannabis-associated consequences was not significant (b = 0.0004, p = .91, 95% CI [-0.007, 0.008]). When the interaction was removed, neither cannabis use frequency (b = -0.14, p = .08, CI [-0.29, -0.02]) nor savoring (b = -0.05, p = .16, CI [-0.13, 0.02]) were associated with cannabis-associated consequences. Results did not replicate previous findings regarding the moderating role of savoring in the relationship between cannabis use frequency and cannabis-associated consequences. Future research may explore why findings did not replicate by using more fine-grained assessment methods and comprehensive measures of cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Trinh
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Melissa R Schick
- Division of Prevention and Community Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Anika Martz
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Tessa Nalven
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Spillane NS, Schick MR, Hostetler KL, Trinh CD, Kahler CW. Results of a pilot study examining the effect of positive psychology interventions on cannabis use and related consequences. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 131:107247. [PMID: 37263491 PMCID: PMC10875633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults experience high rates of cannabis use and consequences. Cross-sectional work has linked positive psychological constructs (e.g., savoring) to less cannabis use and consequences, and positive psychological interventions (PPIs) have shown promise in targeting other substance use behaviors. This pilot study sought to provide an initial test of PPIs to reduce young adult cannabis use and consequences. METHODS Adults (18-25 years old) who endorsed at least weekly past-month cannabis use (N = 59, 69.6% men, 41.1% White) reported their baseline cannabis use and consequences. Participants were randomized to complete one of three daily exercises (Savoring, Three Good Things, or a control) along with daily text message surveys for two weeks, then completed a follow-up survey at the end of the two weeks. RESULTS Paired samples t-tests indicated that participants in the Three Good Things group showed medium to large reductions in frequency of weekly cannabis use (p = .08, gav = -0.57) and cannabis-associated consequences (p = .08, gav = -0.57) from baseline to follow-up. In the Savoring and control groups, there were not significant changes in frequency of weekly cannabis use (Savoring: p = .39, gav = 0.20; Control: p = .96, gav = 0.01) nor cannabis-associated consequences (Savoring: p = .84, gav = 0.05; Control: p = .45, gav = -0.18). Participants in both positive psychology conditions reported the exercises were easy to complete, providing evidence for acceptability. DISCUSSION Results provide initial support for the feasibility and potential promise of a text-message based PPI as a harm reduction approach for cannabis users. A larger clinical trial is warranted to test the effects of such interventions with adequate statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichea S Spillane
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, Kingston, RI 02881, United States of America.
| | - Melissa R Schick
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, Kingston, RI 02881, United States of America; Division of Prevention and Community Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Katherine L Hostetler
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, Kingston, RI 02881, United States of America; Health Services Research & Development, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, United States of America
| | - Catherine D Trinh
- PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island Department of Psychology, Kingston, RI 02881, United States of America
| | - Christopher W Kahler
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America
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Trinh CD, Griffin ML, Li V, McHugh RK, Weiss RD. Assessment of the Short Grit Scale in patients with substance use disorder: Psychometric properties and patient characteristics. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2023; 49:399-405. [PMID: 36972561 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2181702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recovery from substance use disorder requires sustained effort and perseverance. Hence, the resilience factor of grit may be important for people in recovery. Little research has been conducted on grit in patients with substance use disorder (SUD), especially in a large and varied sample.Objectives: To analyze the psychometric properties of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) in patients with SUD and to use demographic and clinical characteristics to predict variance in Grit-S scores.Methods: Participants completed the Grit-S and other self-report measures. Psychometric properties of the Grit-S were assessed in outpatients (N = 94, 77.7% male) and a hierarchical regression predicted Grit-S variance in inpatients (N = 1238, 65.0% male).Results: The Grit-S demonstrated good internal consistency (α=.75) and strong test-retest reliability (adjusted r = .79, p < .001). Mean Grit-S score was 3.15, lower than other clinical samples reported in the literature. Regression modeling indicated a moderate, statistically significant association between demographic and clinical characteristics and Grit-S scores (R2 = 15.5%, p < .001). Of particular interest, the positive factor of recovery protection showed the strongest association with Grit-S of all variables assessed (β=.185 vs. β = .052-.175 for the remaining significant independent variables).Conclusion: The psychometric properties of the Grit-S in patients with SUD support its use in this population. Moreover, the particularly low grit scores among inpatients with SUDs and the association of grit scores with substance use risk and recovery factors suggest that grit could be useful as a treatment target in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Trinh
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Margaret L Griffin
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivian Li
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - R Kathryn McHugh
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger D Weiss
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Provost SE, Griffin ML, Hilton BT, McHugh RK, Taghian NR, Trinh CD, Weiss RD. Correlates of optimism among patients in substance use disorder inpatient treatment. Am J Addict 2022; 31:494-501. [PMID: 35975406 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Early recovery from substance use disorder (SUD) is often characterized by hopelessness and despair about the future. Optimism, or the expectation that good things will happen, may provide a buffer against despair, and motivate adaptive goal engagement and coping. Study objectives were to (1) compare levels of optimism among individuals in substance use disorder inpatient treatment to other populations and (2) examine correlates of optimism. METHODS This exploratory study utilized a cross-sectional survey design. Participants (n = 355) completed self-report measures assessing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The main variable of interest, optimism, was assessed by Life Orientation Test-Revised scores. Multivariate regression was used to examine the association among sociodemographic and clinical variables and optimism. RESULTS Our sample (n = 342) scored lower on optimism (mean = 11.7) than general population and SUD patients reported in the literature (range = 13.0-18.5). Optimism was higher for SUD inpatients who were college-educated and those with higher scores on the recovery protection factor, while greater anxiety severity was associated with lower optimism scores. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This study contributes to emerging research on the association between optimism and SUDs. Optimism has not been previously studied among patients in acute, short-term inpatient SUD treatment and doing so may be clinically useful in addressing low optimism as an obstacle to motivation for treatment. Bolstering optimism may be a promising target for intervention and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Provost
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret L Griffin
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Blake T Hilton
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Kathryn McHugh
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nadine R Taghian
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine D Trinh
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roger D Weiss
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Connery HS, Weiss RD, Griffin ML, Trinh CD, Kim J, Rockett IRH, McHugh RK. Suicidal motivations among opioid overdose survivors: Replication and extension. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 235:109437. [PMID: 35427980 PMCID: PMC9106902 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggest suicidal motivation may contribute to opioid overdose fatalities in people with opioid use disorder. In this study, we sought to replicate and extend prior findings suggesting that a desire to die is common prior to nonfatal opioid overdose in people with opioid use disorder. METHODS Adults receiving inpatient detoxification and stabilization who reported a history of opioid overdose (N = 60) completed questions about suicidal cognition prior to their most recent overdose. RESULTS Approximately 45% reported some desire to die prior to their most recent overdose, with 20% reporting they had some intention to die. The correlation between these ratings was of a moderate magnitude (ρ = 0.58). Almost 40% of the sample perceived no risk of overdose prior to their most recent overdose event, suggesting a significant underestimation of risk in this population. CONCLUSIONS Desire to die was common in adults with opioid use disorder prior to nonfatal opioid overdose events, and 1 in 5 people with a history of opioid overdose reported intention to die prior to their most recent opioid overdose. Careful assessment of suicidal cognition in this population may improve prevention of opioid overdose deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary S. Connery
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roger D. Weiss
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Margaret L. Griffin
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Jungjin Kim
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ian R. H. Rockett
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown; Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - R. Kathryn McHugh
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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McHugh RK, Chase A, Trinh CD, Weiss RD. Are Pain and Negative Affect Coping Distinct Motives for Opioid Misuse? Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:848-852. [PMID: 35258408 PMCID: PMC9069863 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2046094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Coping with pain is a commonly reported motive for opioid misuse. Opioids also provide relief of stress and negative affect and thus are often misused to cope with these emotional states. Although several studies have investigated coping motives in people who misuse opioids, it remains unclear whether pain coping and negative affect coping are distinct or overlapping motives for misuse. Objectives: In this study, we examined opioid use motives (enhancement, social, negative affect coping, and pain coping) in a sample of 52 adults seeking treatment for opioid use disorder. We used an adaptation of the Drug Use Motives Questionnaire that included an additional 5 items to assess pain coping motives for use. Results: Results indicated that pain coping was not significantly associated with other motives for use, including negative affect coping. Pain coping motives were strongly correlated with both pain severity (r = .51) and pain interference (r = .39), but not anxiety severity. Conversely, negative affect coping motives were strongly correlated with anxiety severity (r = .45), but not pain severity or interference. Conclusions: These results suggest that pain coping motives may be distinct from negative affect coping motives and should be assessed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kathryn McHugh
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Chase
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine D Trinh
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roger D Weiss
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sugarman DE, Busch AB, McHugh RK, Bogunovic OJ, Trinh CD, Weiss RD, Greenfield SF. Patients' perceptions of telehealth services for outpatient treatment of substance use disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Addict 2021; 30:445-452. [PMID: 34405475 PMCID: PMC8429128 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The rapid scale‐up of telehealth services for substance use disorders (SUDs) during the COVID‐19 pandemic presented a unique opportunity to investigate patient experiences with telehealth. This study examined patient perceptions of telehealth in an outpatient SUD treatment program offering individual therapy, group therapy, and medication management. Methods Two hundred and seventy adults receiving SUD outpatient treatment were eligible to complete a 23‐item online survey distributed by clinicians; 58 patients completed/partially completed the survey. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics. Results Participants were predominately male, White, and well‐educated. The majority (86.2%) were “very satisfied” or “satisfied” with the quality of telehealth care. “Very satisfied” ratings were highest for individual therapy (90%), followed by medication management (75%) and group therapy (58%). Top reasons for liking telehealth included the ability to do it from home (90%) and not needing to spend time commuting (83%). Top reasons for disliking telehealth were not connecting as well with other members in group therapy (28%) and the ability for telehealth to be interrupted at home or work (26%). Discussion and Conclusions Telehealth visits were a satisfactory treatment modality for most respondents receiving outpatient SUD care, especially those engaging in individual therapy. Challenges remain for telehealth group therapy. Scientific Significance This is the first study examining patients' perceptions of telehealth for outpatient SUD treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic by treatment service type. Importantly, while many participants found telehealth more accessible than in‐person treatment, there was variability with respect to the preferred mode of treatment delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn E Sugarman
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alisa B Busch
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Kathryn McHugh
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivera J Bogunovic
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine D Trinh
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roger D Weiss
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shelly F Greenfield
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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McHugh RK, Trinh CD, Griffin ML, Weiss RD. Validation of the craving scale in a large sample of adults with substance use disorders. Addict Behav 2021; 113:106651. [PMID: 33086155 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Valid and reliable measures of craving are essential for both clinical practice and research. Brief measures are particularly valuable for clinical and research settings in which assessment burden needs to be minimized. The Craving Scale is a 3-item measure of craving that has been previously validated in cocaine-dependent samples. This brief measure has also demonstrated predictive validity in both alcohol and opioid use disorder; however, its psychometric properties in these disorders are not well characterized. The aim of this paper was to extend prior psychometric analyses of the Craving Scale to a large sample of adults seeking treatment for substance use disorders (N = 1,283). Analyses of readability indicated that the Craving Scale was written between a 7-8th grade reading level and had minimal grammatical complexity. The Craving Scale demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability (omega = 0.81), a single-factor latent structure, and adequate concurrent and discriminant validity. Importantly, results were similar when analyses were run separately for alcohol and opioid craving and in men and women, supporting measure invariance across these key groups. Our results provide further support for the reliability and validity of the Craving Scale for use in people with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kathryn McHugh
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Use, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Catherine D Trinh
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Use, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Margaret L Griffin
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Use, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roger D Weiss
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Use, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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