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MacLennan K, Woolley C, @21andsensory E, Heasman B, Starns J, George B, Manning C. "It Is a Big Spider Web of Things": Sensory Experiences of Autistic Adults in Public Spaces. Autism Adulthood 2023; 5:411-422. [PMID: 38116051 PMCID: PMC10726197 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2022.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Sensory processing differences are commonly experienced by autistic individuals, and some sensory experiences can greatly impact the mental health and quality of life of individuals. Previous research suggests that adapting the sensory nature of environments may improve individual experiences and engagement with these spaces. However, knowledge about which public places are particularly disabling is limited, especially from the perspective of autistic individuals. Little is also known about what in the sensory environment makes them particularly disabling. Methods In this participatory research study, we investigated the sensory experiences of autistic adults in public spaces. We used an online focus group method, recruiting 24 autistic adults across 7 focus groups. We applied content analysis, reflexive thematic analysis, and case study analysis. Results The results of the content analysis showed that supermarkets, eateries (i.e., restaurants, cafés, pubs), highstreets and city/town centers, public transport, health care settings (i.e., doctor's surgeries and hospitals), and retail shops and shopping centers are experienced to be commonly disabling sensory environments for autistic adults. However, outdoor spaces, retail shops, museums, concert venues/clubs, cinemas/theaters, and stadiums are identified to be commonly less disabling sensory environments. In addition, through reflexive thematic analysis we identified 6 key principles that underlie how disabling or enabling sensory environments are: Sensoryscape (sensory environment), Space, Predictability, Understanding, Adjustments, and Recovery. We represented these principles as a web to emphasize the interconnected, dimensional spectrum of the different themes. Lastly, we used case study analysis to evidence these principles in the commonly disabling sensory environments for richer detail and context and to provide credibility for the principles. Conclusions Our findings have important implications for businesses, policy, and built environment designers to reduce the sensory impact of public places to make them more enabling for autistic people. By making public spaces more enabling, we may be able to improve quality of life for autistic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren MacLennan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Woolley
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily @21andsensory
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Brett Heasman
- School of Education, Language and Psychology, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jess Starns
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Becky George
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Manning
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Woolley C, Eck K, Carignan A, Lippincott G. Identifying Uses of Social Media Among Nutrition Professionals. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is growing evidence that the relationship between body mass index (BMI - defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared) and patient outcomes is age-dependent; specifically, a raised BMI may have a protective effect in older adults. This has been demonstrated clearly in the community setting; less clear is the effect of age on this relationship in the inpatient setting. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS Retrospective analysis of 22,903 electronic records for patients discharged from two large public hospitals in South Australia between January 2015 and September 2018 inclusively. Records were retained if the patient's height and weight had been recorded during the admission, BMI was between 10-99 kg/m2 and it was the patient's first admission during that time. Patients were grouped by BMI (<18.5 kg/m2 ("underweight"), 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 ("normal weight"), 25-29.9 kg/m2 ("overweight"), >30 kg/m2 ("obese")) and age (18-59 years, 60-79 years, > 80 years); for each group we measured the relative stay index (RSI) (actual length of stay divided by predicted length of stay), death in hospital and composite adverse outcome after discharge (unplanned readmission within 30 days and/or death within 30 days). RESULTS Underweight patients across all age groups generally experienced significantly poorer outcomes compared to those not underweight. In those aged 18-59 years there were no significant differences in outcomes between the normal weight, overweight and obese groups. In those aged 60-79 years overweight patients had a significantly reduced risk of RSI > 2 compared to those of normal weight (p=0.014), and both overweight and obese patients had a significantly reduced risk of adverse outcome after discharge when compared to those of normal weight (p=0.028 and p=0.009 respectively). In those aged 80 years or older, both overweight and obese patients had a significantly reduced risk of adverse outcome after discharge when compared to those of normal weight (p=0.028 and p=0.013 respectively), and obese patients had a significantly reduced risk of inpatient mortality and RSI >2 when compared to those of normal weight (p=0.027 and p=0.037 respectively). CONCLUSION A BMI > 25 kg/m2 in older patients is associated with reduced risk of prolonged admission, inpatient mortality and adverse outcomes following discharge. This adds to growing evidence that age-specific BMI guidelines are required for adults because the healthiest BMI in the older hospital patient is seemingly not in the range 18.5-24.9 kg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Woolley
- C Woolley, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
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Abstract
Inositol triphosphate (IP3) is an important second messenger that participates in signal transduction pathways in diverse cell types including hippocampal neurons. Stimulation of phospholipase C in response to various stimuli (hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, neuromodulators, odorants, light, etc) results in hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane, and leads to the production of IP3 and diacylglycerol. Binding of IP3 to the IP3 receptor (IP3R) induces Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and enables the initiation of intracellular Ca2+-dependent signaling. Here we describe a procedure for the measurement of cellular IP3 levels in tissue homogenates prepared from rat hippocampal slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Tabatadze
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
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Abstract
This study aims to understand the effects of climbing style (hands on rungs vs. hands on rails), ladder pitch and bank, and carrying objects on hand and foot forces. An instrumented ladder was constructed to OSHA 1910.27 Fixed Ladder Standards. Hand and foot forces were recorded for six male and six female subjects as they ascended and descended the ladder. Although significant inter and intra subject climbing styles were observed for rung and rail climbing, it is still possible to draw important conclusions about the effects of climbing style, ladder pitch and bank, and carrying objects up and down ladders. Most of the work to ascend and descend the ladder is performed with the lower limbs. The hands must constantly exert force to prevent falling from a vertical ladder. Less hand force was exerted on the rails than on the rungs. Hand placement during rung climbing is constrained by rung spacing, while hand placement during rail climbing is determined by climber preference. It can be shown that required hand force is related to vertical hand placement and body center of mass position. Even though less resultant hand force was exerted during rail climb, the lateral component of hand force was greater for rail climbing than for rung climbing. Lateral hand forces may tend to destabilize the climber from the center of the ladder. Tilting the ladder forward reduces hand forces, which is consistent with the biomechanics of climbing and with previous studies. Tilting the ladder laterally did not significantly affect peak hand and foot forces, but it did affect the observed load/unload cycle time for hand and foot climbing movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Young
- Center for Ergonomics, The University of Michigan
| | - C. Woolley
- Center for Ergonomics, The University of Michigan
| | | | - H. Kim
- Biomechanics Laboratory, The University of Michigan
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Whynes DK, Woolley C, Philips Z. Management of low-grade cervical abnormalities detected at screening: which method do women prefer? Cytopathology 2008; 19:355-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2008.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Holland JM, Winder L, Woolley C, Alexander CJ, Perry JN. The spatial dynamics of crop and ground active predatory arthropods and their aphid prey in winter wheat. Bull Entomol Res 2004; 94:419-431. [PMID: 15385061 DOI: 10.1079/ber2004323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of aphid predators within arable fields has been previously examined using pitfall traps. With this technique predominantly larger invertebrate species are captured, especially Carabidae, but the technique provides no estimate of density unless mark-recapture is used. However, many other numerically important aphid predators occur in arable fields and relatively little is known about their distribution patterns nor whether they exhibit a density-dependent response to patches of cereal aphids. Identification of the most effective predators can allow management practices to be developed accordingly. In this study, the distribution of cereal aphids and their predators was examined by suction sampling within a field of winter wheat in Devon, UK, along with visual estimates of weed patchiness. Sampling was conducted on four occasions in 1999 across a grid of 128 sample locations. The distribution of 11 predatory taxa from the Carabidae, Staphylinidae and Linyphiidae was examined. Additionally, the total number of aphid predators and a predation index were used in these analyses. Carabid adults and larvae, along with staphylinid larvae showed the strongest aggregation into patches and the most temporal stability in their distribution. Other taxa had more ephemeral distributions as did the cereal aphids. The distribution of carabid larvae was disassociated from the distribution of cereal aphids for the first two sampling occasions indicating biocontrol was occurring. Other predatory groups showed both association and disassociation. Carabid larvae, Bathyphantes and total numbers of Linyphiidae showed a strong correlation with weed cover for two of the sample dates. Cereal aphids were disassociated from weed cover on three sampling occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Holland
- The Game Conservancy Trust, Fordingbridge, Hants, SP6 1EF, UK.
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Abstract
The rapid adoption of software to simulate human reach motions in the design of vehicle interiors and manufacturing and office workstations has required a sophisticated understanding of human motions. This paper describes how more than 3,000 right-arm reaching motions of a diverse group of participants were captured and statistically modeled. The results demonstrate that stature and age have a larger effect than does gender on reach motion postures for motions chosen by the participants while reaching to targets placed throughout a typical automobile interior. We propose that these methods, models, and results can assist the further development of human motion simulation software for ergonomic purposes, such as for the design or evaluation of vehicle interiors or industrial workplaces, to ensure that various population groups are physically accommodated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Chaffin
- Center for Ergonomics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48019-2117, USA.
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Abstract
There is general agreement between researchers and clinicians alike that relatives of people with head injuries experience heightened stress as a result of the injury and its consequences. In the present study a single structured interview, including both verbally administered and written response questionnaires, was completed by 18 parents and 11 partners. Measures included the Daily Hassles and Uplifts Scale, the Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule and questions regarding role change and health problems. The combined parents and partners group indicated that they experienced moderate levels of stress and role change. A relatively small proportion of participants reported experiencing health problems. Partners indicated a slightly higher degree of stress and a greater degree of role change than parents, and a larger proportion of partners indicated the presence of health problems. Qualitative differences between the two groups were found in terms of sources of stress. There was little quantitative or qualitative difference between the two groups in sources, utilization of and satisfaction with social support. Positive correlations were found between stress and role change and stress and health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leathem
- Department of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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McEwen BS, Cameron H, Chao HM, Gould E, Luine V, Magarinos AM, Pavlides C, Spencer RL, Watanabe Y, Woolley C. Resolving a mystery: progress in understanding the function of adrenal steroid receptors in hippocampus. Prog Brain Res 1994; 100:149-55. [PMID: 7938513 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)60780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
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Abstract
Steroid and thyroid hormone receptors are expressed in the developing brain and persist throughout adult life. They mediate a variety of effects on the brain, ranging from developmental effects of thyroid hormone and the process of sexual differentiation to the cyclic changes during reproductive cycles in adult female animals. This review summarizes data from the author's laboratory on three topics: (1) actions of extradiol and progesterone on the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in adult female and male rats, showing both the cyclicity and the consequences of brain sexual differentiation; (2) actions of estradiol on the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain of the female and male rat, reflecting the plasticity of the adult cholinergic system as well as sex differences which are developmentally programmed; and (3) diverse actions of estrogens, thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids on the morphology of hippocampal neurons. The review concludes by discussing the interactions between "organizational" (i.e. developmental) effects and the "activational" effects of steroids on the mature nervous system in relation to the environmental control of brain gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
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McEwen BS, Coirini H, Danielsson A, Frankfurt M, Gould E, Mendelson S, Schumacher M, Segarra A, Woolley C. Steroid and thyroid hormones modulate a changing brain. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1991; 40:1-14. [PMID: 1958513 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(91)90160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
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Abstract
The effect of luzopeptin on the mobility of DNA in polyacrylamide gels has been determined. Experiments on a mixture of DNA fragments of various lengths have shown that the drug does not form intermolecular cross-links. Gel analysis of complexes of the drug with short DNA fragments (15-35 base pairs) reveals a ladder of discrete bands in which each band appears to correspond to the addition of a further drug molecule. The results suggest that luzopeptin binds very strongly to DNA, occupying about four base pairs and displays little or no sequence selectivity. Luzopeptin renders certain adenine residues hyperreactive to diethylpyrocarbonate, these occur in different positions to those affected by echinomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Fox
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Southampton, U.K
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Abstract
A technique is described for monitoring and analysis of the angular displacement of the human torso. The technique is based on the use of miniature electromechanical inclinometers and video recording. The system was developed for continuous measurement of the angular displacement of spinal segments in the sagittal plane during all stages of lifting. Angular displacements of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions were obtained from a dynamic lifting case study using a digital processing system. The geometrical changes of the torso during five prescribed stages were measured. The system revealed good accuracy with high correlation coefficient scores for a wide range of lifting tasks in a comparative laboratory study. This paper describes the monitoring technique; the system's advantages, disadvantages and measuring accuracy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gilad
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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16
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Lee MH, Gautam-Basak M, Woolley C, Sander EG. Deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase: purification, properties, and the role of a thiol group in catalysis. Biochemistry 1988; 27:1367-73. [PMID: 3284582 DOI: 10.1021/bi00404a042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Deoxycytidylate (dCMP) hydroxymethylase from Escherichia coli infected with a T-4 bacteriophage amber mutant has been purified to homogeneity. It is a dimer with a subunit molecular weight of 28,000. Chemical modification of the homogeneous enzyme with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) leads to complete loss of enzyme activity. dCMP can protect the enzyme against NEM inactivation, but the dihydrofolate analogues methotrexate and aminopterin alone do not afford similar protection. Compared to dCMP alone, dCMP plus either methotrexate or aminopterin greatly enhances protection against NEM inactivation. DTNB inactivation is reversed by dithiothreitol. For both reagents, inactivation kinetics obey second-order kinetics. NEM inactivation is pH dependent with a pKa for a required thiol group of 9.15 +/- 0.11. Complete enzyme inactivation by both reagents involves the modification of one thiol group per mole of dimeric enzyme. There are two thiol groups in the totally denatured enzyme modified by either NEM or DTNB. Kinetic analysis of NEM inactivation cannot distinguish between these two groups; however, with DTNB kinetic analysis of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate release shows that enzyme inactivation is due to the modification of one fast-reacting thiol followed by the modification of a second group that reacts about 5-6-fold more slowly. In the presence of methotrexate, the stoichiometry of dCMP binding to the dimeric enzyme is 1:1 and depends upon a reduced thiol group. It appears that the two equally sized subunits are arranged asymmetrically, resulting in one thiol-containing active site per mole of dimeric enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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Lamoreux ML, Woolley C, Pendergast P. Genetic controls over activities of tyrosinase and dopachrome conversion factor in murine melanocytes. Genetics 1986; 113:967-84. [PMID: 3091449 PMCID: PMC1202921 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/113.4.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the three catalytic activities of tyrosinase and one activity of dopachrome conversion factor (DCF) in extracts made from skins of 6-day-old yellow and nonyellow mice. At least one of the catalytic activities of tyrosinase and of DCF correlate with the color of pigment being produced in the hair follicles of the mice. We use these data to evaluate existing hypotheses about the mechanism of the interacting genetic controls over melanogenesis.
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Armstrong T, Robertson M, Buchholz B, Joseph B, Woolley C, Silverstein B. A system for analysis of postures and forces in manual work. J Biomech 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(85)90213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Woolley C, Mellett LB, Wyatt PJ. Laser differential light scattering bioassays for selected antitumor agents. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1978; 21:531-42. [PMID: 100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay methods for actinomycin D, 6-thioguanine, and adriamycin which utilize laser light scattering from suspensions of drug-sensitive bacteria have been developed. In 3 hours, serum and urine levels of the 3 drugs can be reproducibily measured. A sample volume of 0.1 ml may be assayed with a precision of +/- 10%. The linear response range for actinomycin D was 0.03 to 3.0 microgram/ml. For 6-thioguanine and adriamycin the linear responses range was 0.03 to 10.0 and 0.25 to 10.0 microgram/ml, respectively. Thetively. The present studies further confirm the general utility of differential light scattering as a rapid and inexpensive assay procedure of broad application.
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Mellett LB, Wyatt PJ, Woolley C. Laser light scattering bioassay for 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ARA-C, NSC-63878). Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1978; 20:379-98. [PMID: 674821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A bioassay method for the estimation of ara-C in biological samples which utilizes laser light scattering from suspensions of drug-sensitive bacteria has been developed. The species employed in the assay was Streptococcus faecium var. durans resistant to methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine. In less than four hours, serum and urine levels of ara-C can be reproducibly measured using the method. A sample volume of 0.1 ml containing 30 ng/ml may be assayed with a precision of +/-10 percent. The present studies further confirm the utility of the method as a rapid and relatively inexpensive assay methodology of broad application. Time variations of drug serum levels and urinary excretion rates in dogs are compared via the differential light scattering (DLS) assay, standard disc diffusion assay, and radiosotopic assay. The results obtained by the various methods are in excellent agreement.
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Woolley C, Pittillo RF. Microbiological assay and tissue distribution of mithramycin (NSC-24559) in mice. Cancer Chemother Rep 1974; 58:311-6. [PMID: 4276405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Streptonigrin, a quinone antitumor antibiotic, has been reported to be effective in human trials. A sensitive and precise microbiological assay for the determination of distribution and concentrations of streptonigrin in the body fluids and tissues of treated mice has been developed in an attempt to supplement successful clinical application of this drug.
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Pittillo RF, Woolley C. Disposition of arabinosylcytosine (NSC-63878) and 6-THIOGUANINE (NSC-752) in solid L1210 leukemia tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Chemother Rep 1973; 57:275-89. [PMID: 4201593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
A sensitive, precise microbiological assay was developed for the determination of tissue distribution of dl-alanosine, a new antitumor agent.
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Pittillo RF, Woolley C, Rice LS. Bleomycin, and antitumor antibiotic: improved microbiological assay and tissue distribution studies in normal mice. Appl Microbiol 1971; 22:564-6. [PMID: 4108647 PMCID: PMC376363 DOI: 10.1128/am.22.4.564-566.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A microbiological assay was developed for bleomycin, an antitumor antibiotic reported to be active in human trials. The assay bacterium was a strain of Escherichia coli which is resistant to ethionine. Studies revealed relatively high concentrations of bleomycin in the blood and urine of mice after a single dose, < 0.33 ld(10), injected intraperitoneally.
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Abstract
A microbiological assay has been developed for chromomycin A(3), an antitumor antibiotic showing promise in human trials. The assay bacterium is a derived strain of Streptococcus faecalis resistant to methotrexate. Studies with mice revealed that relatively high concentrations of this antibiotic were maintained in the blood, kidneys, and liver of mice after a single-dose intraperitoneal injection of the drug.
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Pittillo RF, Woolley C. Biologic activity of adriamycin (NSC-123127) in microbial systems. Cancer Chemother Rep 1971; 55:221-7. [PMID: 5000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
A sensitive, precise microbiological assay has been developed for the determination of tissue distribution of 5-diazouracil, a potential antitumor and antimicrobial agent.
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Pittillo RF, Woolley C, Brockman RW, Ho DH. Azotomycin (NSC-56654): biologic fate in mice and man. Cancer Chemother Rep 1971; 55:47-52. [PMID: 5121650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Pittillo RF, Woolley C. Microbiological assay and tissue distribution of beta-thioguanine deoxyriboside in mice. Appl Microbiol 1970; 19:538-40. [PMID: 4909357 PMCID: PMC376726 DOI: 10.1128/am.19.3.538-540.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, precise microbiological assay has been developed for the determination of tissue distribution of beta-thioguanine deoxyriboside, a new antitumor agent.
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Pittillo RF, Woolley C. Pseudourea, 2,2'-(9,10-anthrylenedimethylene) bis-(2-thio-, dihydrochloride) dihydrate: microbiological assay and tissue distribution studies in mice. Appl Microbiol 1969; 18:519-21. [PMID: 5373683 PMCID: PMC378019 DOI: 10.1128/am.18.3.519-521.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A microbiological assay for pseudourea, 2,2'-(9,10-anthrylenedimethylene)bis-(2-thio-, dihydrochloride) dihydrate (NSC 56054), a new anticancer agent, has been developed and tissue distribution studies in mice have been performed.
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Abstract
A 6-chloropurine-resistant strain of Escherichia coli has been used to develop a microbiological assay for the estimation of 5-azacytidine distribution in mouse tissues.
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