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Lee HC, Oliveira NMM, Hastings C, Baillie-Benson P, Moverley AA, Lu HC, Zheng Y, Wilby EL, Weil TT, Page KM, Fu J, Moris N, Stern CD. Regulation of long-range BMP gradients and embryonic polarity by propagation of local calcium-firing activity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1463. [PMID: 38368410 PMCID: PMC10874436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Many amniote vertebrate species including humans can form identical twins from a single embryo, but this only occurs rarely. It has been suggested that the primitive-streak-forming embryonic region emits signals that inhibit streak formation elsewhere but the signals involved, how they are transmitted and how they act has not been elucidated. Here we show that short tracks of calcium firing activity propagate through extraembryonic tissue via gap junctions and prevent ectopic primitive streak formation in chick embryos. Cross-regulation of calcium activity and an inhibitor of primitive streak formation (Bone Morphogenetic Protein, BMP) via NF-κB and NFAT establishes a long-range BMP gradient spanning the embryo. This mechanism explains how embryos of widely different sizes can maintain positional information that determines embryo polarity. We provide evidence for similar mechanisms in two different human embryo models and in Drosophila, suggesting an ancient evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Chul Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Nidia M M Oliveira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- College of Professional Services, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Cato Hastings
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Adam A Moverley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hui-Chun Lu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Tower, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yi Zheng
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Elise L Wilby
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Timothy T Weil
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Karen M Page
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jianping Fu
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Naomi Moris
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Claudio D Stern
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Lee HC, Hastings C, Stern CD. The extra-embryonic area opaca plays a role in positioning the primitive streak of the early chick embryo. Development 2022; 149:275748. [PMID: 35723262 PMCID: PMC9270967 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Classical studies have established that the marginal zone, a ring of extra-embryonic epiblast immediately surrounding the embryonic epiblast (area pellucida) of the chick embryo, is important in setting embryonic polarity by positioning the primitive streak, the site of gastrulation. The more external extra-embryonic region (area opaca) was thought to have only nutritive and support functions. Using experimental embryology approaches, this study reveals three separable functions for this outer region. First, juxtaposition of the area opaca directly onto the area pellucida induces a new marginal zone from the latter; this induced domain is entirely posterior in character. Second, ablation and grafting experiments using an isolated anterior half of the blastoderm and pieces of area opaca suggest that the area opaca can influence the polarity of the adjacent marginal zone. Finally, we show that the loss of the ability of such isolated anterior half-embryos to regulate (re-establish polarity spontaneously) at the early primitive streak stage can be rescued by replacing the area opaca by one from a younger stage. These results uncover new roles of chick extra-embryonic tissues in early development. Summary: Two adjacent extra-embryonic tissues, the area opaca and the marginal zone, interact to influence the polarity of the early chick embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Chul Lee
- University College London Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK
| | - Cato Hastings
- University College London Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK
| | - Claudio D. Stern
- University College London Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK
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3
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Lee HC, Hastings C, Oliveira NMM, Pérez-Carrasco R, Page KM, Wolpert L, Stern CD. 'Neighbourhood watch' model: embryonic epiblast cells assess positional information in relation to their neighbours. Development 2022; 149:275390. [PMID: 35438131 PMCID: PMC9188750 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In many developing and regenerating systems, tissue pattern is established through gradients of informative morphogens, but we know little about how cells interpret these. Using experimental manipulation of early chick embryos, including misexpression of an inducer (VG1 or ACTIVIN) and an inhibitor (BMP4), we test two alternative models for their ability to explain how the site of primitive streak formation is positioned relative to the rest of the embryo. In one model, cells read morphogen concentrations cell-autonomously. In the other, cells sense changes in morphogen status relative to their neighbourhood. We find that only the latter model can account for the experimental results, including some counter-intuitive predictions. This mechanism (which we name the ‘neighbourhood watch’ model) illuminates the classic ‘French Flag Problem’ and how positional information is interpreted by a sheet of cells in a large developing system. Summary: In a large developing system, the chick embryo before gastrulation, cells may interpret gradients of positional signals relative to their neighbours to position the primitive streak, establishing bilateral symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Chul Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Cato Hastings
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nidia M M Oliveira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rubén Pérez-Carrasco
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Karen M Page
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lewis Wolpert
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Claudio D Stern
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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4
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Prins S, Langron E, Hastings C, Hill EJ, Stefan AC, Griffin LD, Vergani P. Fluorescence assay for simultaneous quantification of CFTR ion-channel function and plasma membrane proximity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16529-16544. [PMID: 32934006 PMCID: PMC7864054 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a plasma membrane anion channel that plays a key role in controlling transepithelial fluid movement. Excessive activation results in intestinal fluid loss during secretory diarrheas, whereas CFTR mutations underlie cystic fibrosis (CF). Anion permeability depends both on how well CFTR channels work (permeation/gating) and on how many are present at the membrane. Recently, treatments with two drug classes targeting CFTR-one boosting ion-channel function (potentiators) and the other increasing plasma membrane density (correctors)-have provided significant health benefits to CF patients. Here, we present an image-based fluorescence assay that can rapidly and simultaneously estimate both CFTR ion-channel function and the protein's proximity to the membrane. We monitor F508del-CFTR, the most common CF-causing variant, and confirm rescue by low temperature, CFTR-targeting drugs and second-site revertant mutation R1070W. In addition, we characterize a panel of 62 CF-causing mutations. Our measurements correlate well with published data (electrophysiology and biochemistry), further confirming validity of the assay. Finally, we profile effects of acute treatment with approved potentiator drug VX-770 on the rare-mutation panel. Mapping the potentiation profile on CFTR structures raises mechanistic hypotheses on drug action, suggesting that VX-770 might allow an open-channel conformation with an alternative arrangement of domain interfaces. The assay is a valuable tool for investigation of CFTR molecular mechanisms, allowing accurate inferences on gating/permeation. In addition, by providing a two-dimensional characterization of the CFTR protein, it could better inform development of single-drug and precision therapies addressing the root cause of CF disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Prins
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Langron
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cato Hastings
- CoMPLEX, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J Hill
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andra C Stefan
- Natural Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paola Vergani
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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5
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Panayotopoulos P, Hastings C, Sentilhes L, Descamps P, Azzouzi A, Bigot P. Colique néphrétique pendant la grossesse. Quels sont les éléments pouvant orienter vers une origine lithiasique et quelles sont les conséquences obstétricales ? Prog Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2013.08.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Hastings C, Wechsler DS, Stine KC, Graham DK, Abshire T. Consensus on a core curriculum in American training programs in pediatric hematology-oncology: a report from the ASPHO Training Committee. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2007; 24:503-12. [PMID: 17786786 DOI: 10.1080/08880010701533645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Training Committee (TC) of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology created a foundation of common goals and objectives that could provide a structure for fellowship programs. The TC conducted a survey of program directors for input into the structure of their programs and training methods and the results are presented here. Additionally, a suggested core program is outlined, taking into account the new common requirements as stipulated by the ACGME and ABP, and additional suggestions from the program directors. This paper highlights the suggested training objectives and educational opportunities that should be afforded all fellows in this sub-specialty. The goal of this consensus statement is to provide a model curriculum to improve quality and consistency of training and achieve compliance with new requirements while simultaneously recognizing the importance of alternative approaches that emphasize each program's unique strengths and character.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hastings
- Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Oakland, California 94609, USA.
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7
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Hastings C, Rand T, Bergen HT, Thliveris JA, Shaw AR, Lombaert GA, Mantsch HH, Giles BL, Dakshinamurti S, Scott JE. Stachybotrys chartarum alters surfactant-related phospholipid synthesis and CTP:cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase activity in isolated fetal rat type II cells. Toxicol Sci 2004; 84:186-94. [PMID: 15574675 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stachybotry chartarum, a fungal contaminant of water-damaged buildings commonly grows on damp cellulose-containing materials. It produces a complex array of mycotoxins. Their mechanisms of action on the pulmonary system are not entirely clear. Previous studies suggest spore products may depress formation of disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC), the major surface-active component of pulmonary surfactant (PS). If S. chartarum can indeed affect formation of this phospholipid, then mold exposure may be a significant issue for pulmonary function in both mature lung and developing fetal lung. To address this possibility, fetal rat type II cells, the principal source of DSPC, were used to assess effects of S. chartarum extract on formation of DSPC. Isolated fetal rat lung type II cells prelabeled with 3H-choline and incubated with spore extract showed decreased incorporation of 3H-choline into DSPC. The activity of CTP:cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase (CPCT), the rate-limiting enzyme in phosphatidylcholine synthesis was reduced by approximately 50% by a 1:10 dilution of spore extract. Two different S. chartarum extracts (isolates from S. chartarum (Cleveland) and S. chartarum (Hawaiian)) were used to compare activity of CPCT in the presence of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), a known activator. PG produced an approximate two-fold increase in CPCT activity. The spore isolate from Hawaii did not alter enzyme activity. S. chartarum (Cleveland) eliminated the PG-induced activation of CPCT. These results support previous observations that mold products alter PS metabolism and may pose a risk in developing lung, inhibiting surfactant synthesis. Different isolates of the same species of fungus are not equivalent in terms of potential exposure risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hastings
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculties of Dentistry & Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E0W2
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8
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McCrae KC, Rand T, Shaw RA, Mason C, Oulton MR, Hastings C, Cherlet T, Thliveris JA, Mantsch HH, MacDonald J, Scott JE. Analysis of pulmonary surfactant by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy following exposure to Stachybotrys chartarum (atra) spores. Chem Phys Lipids 2001; 110:1-10. [PMID: 11245829 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(00)00199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cells are among the first tissues of the body to be exposed to air-borne environmental contaminants. Consequently the function of these cells may be altered before other cells are affected. As gas exchange takes place in the lungs, changes in cellular function may have serious implications for the processes of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination. In order for these processes to occur, the lung must maintain a high degree of expandability. This latter function is accomplished in part by the pulmonary surfactant which is synthesized and released by alveolar type II cells. Earlier studies have shown that exposure to gas phase materials such as smoke or organic solvents can alter the composition and function of the surfactant. The present study examines the ability of highly toxigenic mold spores to alter surfactant composition. Stachybotrys chartarum spores suspended in saline were instilled into mouse trachea as described earlier. After 24 h, the lungs were lavaged and the different processing stages of surfactant isolated by repeated centrifugation. Intracellular surfactant was isolated from the homogenized lung tissue by centrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose gradient. Samples were extracted into chloroform-methanol, dried and analyzed by Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Exposure to S. chartarum induced an overall reduction of phospholipid among the three surfactant subfractions. The intermediate and spent surfactant fractions in particular were reduced to about half of the values observed in the saline-treated group. The relative distribution of phospholipid was also altered by spore exposure. Within the intracellular surfactant pool, higher levels of phospholipid were detected after spore exposure. In addition, changes were observed in the nature of the phospholipids. In particular strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding, together with other changes, suggested that spore exposure was associated with absence of an acyl chain esterified on the glycerol backbone, resulting in elevated levels of lysophospholipid in the samples. This study shows that mold spores and their products induce changes in regulation of both secretion and synthesis of surfactant, as well as alterations in the pattern of phospholipid targeting to the pulmonary surfactant pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C McCrae
- Departments of Oral Biology, Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0W2
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9
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Pui CH, Mahmoud HH, Wiley JM, Woods GM, Leverger G, Camitta B, Hastings C, Blaney SM, Relling MV, Reaman GH. Recombinant urate oxidase for the prophylaxis or treatment of hyperuricemia in patients With leukemia or lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:697-704. [PMID: 11157020 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.3.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the control of hyperuricemia in patients with leukemia or lymphoma, we tested a newly developed uricolytic agent, recombinant urate oxidase (SR29142; Rasburicase; Sanofi-Synthelabo, Inc, Paris, France), which catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin, a highly water-soluble metabolite readily excreted by the kidneys. PATIENTS AND METHODS We administered Rasburicase intravenously, at 0.15 or 0.20 mg/kg, for 5 to 7 consecutive days to 131 children, adolescents, and young adults with newly diagnosed leukemia or lymphoma, who either presented with abnormally high plasma uric acid concentrations or had large tumor cell burdens. Blood levels of uric acid, creatinine, phosphorus, and potassium were measured daily. The pharmacokinetics of Rasburicase, the urinary excretion rate of allantoin, and antibodies to Rasburicase were also studied. RESULTS At either dosage, the recombinant enzyme produced a rapid and sharp decrease in plasma uric acid concentrations in all patients. The median level decreased by 4 hours after treatment, from 9.7 to 1 mg/dL (P =.0001), in the 65 patients who presented with hyperuricemia, and from 4.3 to 0.5 mg/dL (P =.0001) in the remaining 66 patients. Despite cytoreductive chemotherapy, plasma uric acid concentrations remained low throughout the treatment (daily median level, 0.5 mg/dL). The urinary excretion rate of allantoin increased during Rasburicase treatment, peaking on day 3. Serum phosphorus concentrations did not change significantly during the first 3 days of treatment, decreased significantly by day 4 in patients presenting with hyperuricemia (P =.0003), and fell within the normal range in all patients by 48 hours after treatment. Serum creatinine levels decreased significantly after 1 day of treatment in patients with or without hyperuricemia at diagnosis (P =.0003 and P =.02, respectively) and returned to normal range in all patients by day 6 of treatment. Toxicity was negligible, and none of the patients required dialysis. The mean plasma half-lives of the agent were 16.0 +/- 6.3 (SD) hours and 21.1 +/- 12.0 hours, respectively, in patients treated at dosages of 0.15 or 0.20 mg/kg. Seventeen of the 121 assessable patients developed antibodies to the enzyme. CONCLUSION Rasburicase is safe and highly effective for the prophylaxis or treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with leukemia or lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Pui
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Benefield LE, Clifford J, Cox S, Hagenow NR, Hastings C, Kobs AE, Mayer GG, Porter-O'Grady T, Stahl DA, Valentine NM, Wolgin F. Nursing leaders predict top trends for 2000. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 2000; 31:21-3. [PMID: 10818935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Nursing Management's Editorial Advisory Board predicts the top 10 trends that will impact nurse leaders in 2000. Use them to lead in the new millennium.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Benefield
- Harris College of Nursing, Texas Christian University, Ft. Worth, USA
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11
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The object of the study was to characterize daily values and patterns of salivary estriol levels during normal pregnancy at mid to late gestation. STUDY DESIGN We measured salivary estriol levels in a clinical research center setting with an established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fourteen pregnant women (24-36 weeks' gestation) submitted unstimulated saliva samples hourly from 10:00 am until 10:00 pm and at midnight and 2:00, 4:00, 6:00, and 8:00 am. RESULTS Each subject demonstrated greater salivary estriol levels at night (10:00 pm-6:00 am) than in the daytime (8:00 am-9:00 pm, P <.001). Salivary estriol levels consistently increased at 10:00 pm, peaked at 4:00 am, and returned to daytime levels between 6:00 and 7:00 am. Salivary estriol concentrations were stable during daylight hours. CONCLUSIONS (1) There was a dramatic diurnal variation in salivary estriol levels (nadir during daylight with nighttime apogee). (2) Diurnal patterns and salivary estriol levels were consistent in each of 14 subjects evaluated in the latter half of pregnancy. Samples for baseline measurements of salivary estriol level should be obtained during daylight hours (8:00 am-8:00 pm).
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Affiliation(s)
- J A McGregor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital, 80204, USA
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12
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Abstract
A full-length cDNA encoding a calreticulin-like protein was isolated by immune-screening a germinating castor bean endosperm cDNA library with antisera raised to the total lumenal fraction of purified plant endoplasmic reticulum. The calcium-binding properties of the recombinant protein were characterized and shown to be essentially identical to those reported for the mammalian calreticulin. Calcium overlays and immune blot analysis confirmed the endoplasmic lumenal identity of this reticuloplasmin. Probing protein blots of endoplasmic reticulum subfractions with radio-iodinated calreticulin showed specific associations with various polypeptides including one identified as the abundant reticuloplasmin protein disulfide isomerase. Characterization of the corresponding genomic clones revealed that calreticulin is encoded by a single gene of 3 kb in castor. The full genomic sequence reveals the presence of 12 introns, 12 translated exons, and one exon containing the last three amino acids of the translated sequence and the 3'-untranslated region of the gene. Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from various organ tissues showed a basal constitutive level of expression throughout the plant, but more abundant mRNA being detected in tissues active in secretion. This was confirmed by analysis of transgenic tobacco plants containing 1.8 kb of 5'-untranslated genomic sequence fused to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) showed a more localized pattern of expression. Activity being localized to the vasculature (phloem, root hairs and root tip) in vegetative tissue, and being strongly expressed in the floral organs including the developing and germinating seed.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calreticulin
- Ricinus communis/genetics
- Cell Compartmentation
- Chromatography, Affinity
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Endoplasmic Reticulum/genetics
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Gene Library
- Genes, Plant
- Genes, Reporter
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plants, Toxic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- RNA, Plant/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Ribonucleoproteins/genetics
- Seeds/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology
- Tissue Distribution
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Coughlan
- Trait and Technology Development Department, Pioneer-Hi-Bred International, Johnston, IA 50131-1004, USA
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13
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Hastings C. The changing multidisciplinary team. Nurs Econ 1997; 15:106-8, 105. [PMID: 9146263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Hastings
- Ambulatory Nursing, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
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14
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15
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Androwich I, Hastings C. A practical approach to developing system performance indicators. Nurs Econ 1996; 14:174-9. [PMID: 8788801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Androwich
- Neihoff School of Nursing, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
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16
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Coughlan SJ, Hastings C, Winfrey RJ. Molecular characterisation of plant endoplasmic reticulum. Identification of protein disulfide-isomerase as the major reticuloplasmin. Eur J Biochem 1996; 235:215-24. [PMID: 8631332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purified endoplasmic reticulum devoid of contaminating endomembranes has been isolated from both germinating and developing castor bean endosperm by a modified two-step centrifugation procedure. These membranes have been characterised for protein and lipid composition, subfractionated into lumenal and integral membrane protein fractions, and antisera raised to these two components. A cDNA clone encoding a major lumenal protein of 55 kDa was cloned using affinity-purified antisera and shown to encode a protein with strong sequence similarity to the endoplasmic reticulum lumenal chaperone protein disulfide-isomerase. Northern and Southern blot analysis showed that the mRNA from a single-copy gene was constitutively expressed in all tissues investigated, but was preferentially expressed in developing seed where it was the most abundant lumenal protein. Expression of the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli yielded a homodimer with a molecular mass of 110 kDa with protein disulfide-isomerase catalytic activity, thus confirming identity of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Coughlan
- Trait and Technology Development Department, Pioneer Hi-Bred Intemational, Johnston IA, USA
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17
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Abstract
Over the past several years, involvement strategies such as professional practice models and shared governance strategies have been implemented in a variety of nursing practice settings. This article reviews the results of a secondary analysis of an evaluation of a professional practice model at a large academic medical center. This review compares critical care and general acute care nurses in terms of their perceptions of and satisfaction with work in a professional practice environment and identifies and contrasts significant predictors of general job satisfaction and turnover intent within the two groups. Implications of differences in outcomes in different settings are explored.
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18
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McGregor JA, Jackson GM, Lachelin GC, Goodwin TM, Artal R, Hastings C, Dullien V. Salivary estriol as risk assessment for preterm labor: a prospective trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173:1337-42. [PMID: 7485350 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(95)91383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased understanding of human parturition allows for novel approaches to (1) identification of women at increased risk for preterm birth and (2) development and controlled testing of etiology-based strategies to prevent preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN Five hundred forty-two women were enrolled at five study sites in a prospective evaluation of salivary estriol in samples obtained weekly beginning at 22 weeks' gestation (Salest, Biex, Inc., Boulder, Colo.). Estriol concentrations were determined with a well-characterized enzyme-linked immunoassay. Women adjudged at either high risk or low risk for prematurity were evaluated through to delivery. RESULTS A total of 267 women submitted serial samples that were analyzed; 241 women with singleton pregnancies submitted sufficient samples. Twenty-three women with singleton fetuses went into idiopathic preterm labor (without prior rupture of membranes) and were delivered preterm (mean 35 weeks' gestation); 182 were delivered at term (> or = 37 weeks' gestation). Mean (geometric) estriol concentrations were higher from 24 to 34 weeks in women with singleton pregnancies delivering preterm (p < 0.05). A surge in estriol concentrations occurred approximately 3 weeks before the onset of labor in both women delivering at term and those delivering preterm. This increase occurred approximately 4 weeks earlier in women delivered preterm versus term. Receiver-operator curve analyses showed that exceeding a 2.3 ng/ml saliva estriol level was associated with occurrence of preterm labor (71% sensitivity, 77% specificity, 23% false-positive rate). CONCLUSION Detection of an early estriol surge or increased level (> or = 2.3 ng/ml) may be clinically helpful in identifying women at elevated risk for preterm labor and birth, allowing for evaluation of biologically based interventions in controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A McGregor
- Department of Obstretics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA
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Abstract
There are many reports in the literature of management innovations to redesign nursing roles and care delivery systems in response to the dramatic changes taking place in the healthcare environment. Few of these innovations have been evaluated systematically in terms of the dynamics and effects of change at the work group level. The authors present results of a longitudinal study evaluating the work group outcomes of a professional practice model implemented in an academic medical center. The strategy of integrating ongoing data collection and feedback into a process of continuous change also are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hastings
- University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore
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Hastings C. Management perspectives. I am a nurse manager in a university hospital clinic. Nurs Spectr (Wash D C) 1995; 5:5. [PMID: 7881577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine whether laboratory studies performed on bone marrow aspirate can be used to predict values in the peripheral blood of human beings. DESIGN Prospective correlative study. SETTING Tertiary care pediatric hospital. TYPE OF PARTICIPANTS Fifteen patients from the hematology-oncology division of Children's Hospital, Oakland, California, were studied during routine diagnostic bone marrow aspirations. INTERVENTIONS Aliquots of serum and bone marrow obtained as part of routine diagnostic studies were analyzed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Venous and bone marrow samples were analyzed for blood gas values, hemoglobin, and serum chemistries. Bone marrow specimens were found to reliably predict venous values of pH, bicarbonate, base excess, PCO2, hematocrit, sodium, chloride, and glucose. Bone marrow was not predictive of blood oxygenation, potassium, or ionized calcium. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates in human beings what has previously been shown in animals--that the bone marrow is an alternative source of blood for a variety of laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grisham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital, Oakland, California 94609
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Mark DE, Hollinger JO, Hastings C, Chen G, Marden LJ, Reddi AH. Repair of calvarial nonunions by osteogenin, a bone-inductive protein. Plast Reconstr Surg 1990; 86:623-30; discussion 631-2. [PMID: 2103731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Efforts were taken to determine the dose of bovine osteogenin (OG) that would induce more bone than that induced by 20 mg of rat particulate demineralized bone matrix (DBM), the amount allowed by the confines of an 8-mm rat craniotomy defect. Dose-response studies were performed for demineralized bone matrix alone and osteogenin, partially purified from bovine demineralized bone matrix, plus rat insoluble collagenous bone matrix (M). Demineralized bone matrix alone (2.5, 5.0, 10, 20, or 40 mg) or osteogenin (0.0625, 0.125, 0.250, 0.50, or 1.0 mg) plus 25 mg insoluble collagenous bone matrix was implanted into the pectoralis muscle for 3, 5, and 7 weeks. Both materials induced time- and dose-dependent formation of bone. The three highest dosages of osteogenin (plus insoluble collagenous bone matrix) induced more bone than 20 mg demineralized bone matrix and seemed to accelerate bone repair. However, when implanted into the 8-mm rat craniotomy defect for 4 weeks, 20 mg demineralized bone matrix and 0.5 mg osteogenin (plus insoluble collagenous bone matrix) induced comparable amounts of bone. These results suggest different mechanisms for bone formation in heterotopic and orthotopic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Mark
- Department of Physiology, United States Army Institute of Dental Research, Washington, D.C
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Joyce K, Berkebile C, Hastings C, Yarboro C, Yocum D. Health status and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res 1989; 2:65-9. [PMID: 2487695 DOI: 10.1002/anr.1790020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The physical manifestations of disease activity and health status of patients with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were measured in this study. Forty-nine patients completed the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS) and consented to examination for physical features of SLE documented by a Clinical Activity Index (CAI). Results showed a mean score of 22 on the AIMS and 6.6 on the CAI. The total scores for each measure were significantly correlated (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001), indicating a relationship between health status and clinical disease activity. The total score for CAI was significantly correlated with the physical activity, pain, and depression subscales of health status. The total score for health status was significantly correlated with mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, and general features of CAI. Within scale correlations were also found. Mucocutaneous aspects of disease activity were significantly correlated with pain and depression. Musculoskeletal features were significantly correlated with physical activity and pain. General aspects of SLE, including fatigue, were significantly correlated with physical activity. The study concludes that there is a relationship between certain physical features of SLE and key components of health status.
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Hastings C, Muir-Nash J. Validation of a taxonomy of ambulatory nursing practice. Nurs Econ 1989; 7:142-9. [PMID: 2761649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ambulatory care is a complex and challenging nursing specialty. This survey of 33 ambulatory nursing administrators addressed the roles and responsibilities of nurses in ambulatory care settings.
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Eyres RL, Hastings C, Brown TC, Oppenheim RC. Plasma bupivacaine concentrations following lumbar epidural anaesthesia in children. Anaesth Intensive Care 1986; 14:131-4. [PMID: 3740385 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x8601400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasma levels of bupivacaine were measured following lumbar epidural administration of 3 mg/kg of 0.5% plain solution in sixteen children. The peak levels were generally between 1.0 and 2 micrograms/ml, the highest being 2.9 micrograms/ml. No manifestations of toxicity were observed. There was a significant positive correlation between peak plasma levels and increasing age.
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Tighe MG, Fisher SG, Hastings C, Heller B. A study of the oncology nurse role in ambulatory care. Oncol Nurs Forum 1985; 12:23-7. [PMID: 3851448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Eyres RL, Brown TC, Hastings C. Plasma level of bupivacaine during convulsions. Anaesth Intensive Care 1983; 11:385. [PMID: 6650810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lehman TJ, Palmeri ST, Hastings C, Klippel JH, Plotz PH. Bacterial endocarditis complicating systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol Suppl 1983; 10:655-8. [PMID: 6620268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Culture proven bacterial endocarditis occurred in 6 of 571 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) admitted to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Although 4 of the patients had a murmur noted on examination prior to developing endocarditis, only one of the 6 had a recognized valvular abnormality. Bacterial endocarditis followed dental procedures in 2 of the 6 patients; no precipitating events were recorded in the remaining 4. M-mode and 2-D echocardiography of 20 unselected SLE patients did not reveal previously unrecognized cardiac disease. There was an unexpectedly high frequency of bacterial endocarditis among SLE patients relative to all other connective tissue disease patients seen at the NIH.
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Hastings C. Accidents: on an individual basis. Nurs Mirror 1982; 154:19-21. [PMID: 6919109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hastings C, Hansson V. Kinetic properties of the soluble 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from rat testis and epididymis. J Steroid Biochem 1981; 14:705-11. [PMID: 6946263 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(81)90005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Human endometrium from the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle was incubated with 3H- and 14C-labelled glucosamine and [3H]leucine. Incorporation into secreted extracellular glycoprotein and accumulation of the label into the microsomal fraction were measured. When oestradiol or progesterone were added to the medium, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), ethynodiol diacetate and chlormadinone acetate reduced incorporation of glucosamine and MPA reduced incorporation of leucine into glycoprotein. MPA reduced the amount of glucosamine in the microsomal fraction and also had an effect on amino acid transport within the endometrial cells, as indicated by intracellular alpha-aminoisobutyric acid space measurements. These results and the ratios of 3H and 14C in the microsomal fraction and secreted protein suggest that MPA has a primary effect in decreasing amino sugar incorporation and a secondary effect in reducing amino acid incorporation into glycoprotein.
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MacGillivray MH, Hastings C, Brown JA. Growth hormone-dependent effects of human serum on the in vitro growth characteristics of human skin fibroblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975; 40:62-9. [PMID: 1112881 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-40-1-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cohen MM, Hastings C, Nadler CF, Lay DM. Random X-chromosome inactivation in interspecific hybrids of Meriones libycus (male) x Meriones shawi (female) (Rodentia: Gerbillinae). Experientia 1971; 27:1084-6. [PMID: 5116146 DOI: 10.1007/bf02138896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Poulton EP, Hastings C, Graham G, Churchill, Ellman P, Addison C, Marrack JR, Hart PD. Spanish Medical Aid Committee. West J Med 1936. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.3945.368-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hastings C. President's Address in the Public Health Department of the Social Science Association. West J Med 1864. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.196.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hastings C. Poor-Law Medical Reform. West J Med 1861. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.32.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hastings C. The Finances of the Association. West J Med 1860. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.s4-1.158.16-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hastings C. THE MEDICAL REFORM BILL. West J Med 1856. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.s3-4.168.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hastings C. THE FINANCES OF THE ASSOCIATION. West J Med 1856. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.s3-4.163.134-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hastings C. WORCESTER GENERAL INFIRMARY. CASE OF SUPPURATIVE HEPATITIS. West J Med 1856; 4:81-2. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.s3-4.161.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hastings C. THE REMOVAL OF THE JOURNAL FROM WORCESTER, ETC. West J Med 1855. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.s3-3.150.1037-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hastings C. Worcester Infirmary. CASE OF HYSTERICAL PARALYSIS. West J Med 1855; 3:1025-6. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.s3-3.150.1025-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hastings C. DR. CORMACK'S RESIGNATION. West J Med 1855. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.s3-3.149.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hastings C. THE REMOVAL OF THE JOURNAL FROM WORCESTER TO LONDON. West J Med 1855. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.s3-3.148.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hastings C. THE METROPOLITAN COUNTIES BRANCH MEETING. West J Med 1855. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.s3-3.146.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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