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Naldi L, Fibbi B, Anceschi C, Nardini P, Guasti D, Peri A, Marroncini G. Effects of Reduced Extracellular Sodium Concentrations on Cisplatin Treatment in Human Tumor Cells: The Role of Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4377. [PMID: 38673964 PMCID: PMC11050238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyponatremia is the prevalent electrolyte imbalance in cancer patients, and it is associated with a worse outcome. Notably, emerging clinical evidence suggests that hyponatremia adversely influences the response to anticancer treatments. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how reduced extracellular [Na+] affects the responsiveness of different cancer cell lines (from human colon adenocarcinoma, neuroblastoma, and small cell lung cancer) to cisplatin and the underlying potential mechanisms. Cisplatin dose-response curves revealed higher IC50 in low [Na+] than normal [Na+]. Accordingly, cisplatin treatment was less effective in counteracting the proliferation and migration of tumor cells when cultured in low [Na+], as demonstrated by colony formation and invasion assays. In addition, the expression analysis of proteins involved in autophagosome-lysosome formation and the visualization of lysosomal areas by electron microscopy revealed that one of the main mechanisms involved in chemoresistance to cisplatin is the promotion of autophagy. In conclusion, our data first demonstrate that the antitumoral effect of cisplatin is markedly reduced in low [Na+] and that autophagy is an important mechanism of drug escape. This study indicates the role of hyponatremia in cisplatin chemoresistance and reinforces the recommendation to correct this electrolyte alteration in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Naldi
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.N.); (C.A.); (A.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Benedetta Fibbi
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.N.); (C.A.); (A.P.); (G.M.)
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Anceschi
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.N.); (C.A.); (A.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Patrizia Nardini
- Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Alessandro Peri
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.N.); (C.A.); (A.P.); (G.M.)
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giada Marroncini
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.N.); (C.A.); (A.P.); (G.M.)
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Marroncini G, Anceschi C, Naldi L, Fibbi B, Brogi M, Lanzilao L, Fanelli A, Maggi M, Peri A. Hyponatremia-related liver steatofibrosis and impaired spermatogenesis: evidence from a mouse model of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:967-983. [PMID: 36436190 PMCID: PMC10105679 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolytic disorder in clinical practice. In addition to neurological symptoms, hyponatremia, even when mild/moderate and chronic, has been related to other manifestations, such as bone demineralization and increased risk of fractures. To better elucidate tissue alterations associated with reduced serum sodium concentration [Na+], we developed an in vivo model of hyponatremia secondary to the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis. METHODS AND RESULTS Hyponatremia was induced in Foxn1nu/nu mice by subcutaneous infusion of the vasopressin analog 1-deamino [8-D-arginine] vasopressin (dDAVP) for 14 days via osmotic mini-pumps. Mice in the control group were infused with isotonic saline solution. Serum [Na+] progressively decreased, with a nadir of 123.4 ± 2.3 mEq/L (mean ± SD, dDAVP 0.3 ng/h) and 111.6 ± 4.7 mEq/L (mean ± SD, dDAVP 0.5 ng/h). Evident signs of liver steatofibrosis were observed at histology in hyponatremic mice. Accordingly, the expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism (SREBP-1, PPARα and PPARγ) and in myofibroblast formation (αSMA and CTGF) significantly increased. Furthermore, heme oxygenase 1 expression was up-regulated in Kupffer and hepatic stellate cells in the liver of hyponatremic mice. Testis alterations were also observed. In particular, the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium appeared reduced. The expression levels of PCNA and PTMA, which are involved in DNA replication and germ cells maturation, were markedly reduced in the testis of hyponatremic mice. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings shed new light on the possible consequences of chronic hyponatremia and prompt a more thorough evaluation of hyponatremic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marroncini
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - C Anceschi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - L Naldi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - B Fibbi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Brogi
- Central Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - L Lanzilao
- Central Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - A Fanelli
- Central Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - A Peri
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- Endocrinology, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Chillà A, Anceschi C, Frediani E, Scavone F, Del Rosso T, Pelagio G, Tufaro A, De Palma G, Del Rosso M, Fibbi G, Chiarugi P, Laurenzana A, Margheri F. Inhibition of MMPs supports amoeboid angiogenesis hampering VEGF-targeted therapies via MLC and ERK 1/2 signaling. J Transl Med 2023; 21:102. [PMID: 36759828 PMCID: PMC9912547 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decades studies on anti-tumoral drugs inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) were disappointing. Recently, we demonstrated that mature endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) can switch between invasion modes to cope with challenging environments, performing the "amoeboid angiogenesis" in the absence of proteases activity. METHODS We first set out to investigate by ELISA if the inhibitors of the main protease family involved in angiogenesis were differently expressed during breast cancer progression. We used Marimastat, a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor, as a means of inducing amoeboid characteristics and studied VEGF role in amoeboid angiogenesis. Thus, we performed invasion and capillary morphogenesis assay, morphological, cell signaling and in vivo mouse studies. RESULTS Our data showed that TIMP1, TIMP2, alpha2-antiplasmin, PAI-1 and cystatin increase in breast cancer serum of patients with primary cancer and lymph node positive compared to healthy women. In vitro results revealed that the most high-powered protease inhibitors able to induce amoeboid invasion of ECFCs were TIMP1, 2 and 3. Surprisingly, Marimastat promotes ECFC invasion and tubular formation in vitro and in vivo, inducing amoeboid characteristics. We observed that the combination of Marimastat plus VEGF doesn't boost neither cell invasion nor vessel formation capacity. Moreover, inhibition of VEGF activity with Bevacizumab in the presence of Marimastat confirmed that amoeboid angiogenesis is independent from the stimulus of the main vascular growth factor, VEGF. CONCLUSIONS We underline the importance to consider the amoeboid mechanism of endothelial and cancer cell invasion, probably responsible for the failure of synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitors as cancer therapy and tumor resistance to VEGF-targeted therapies, to set-up new drugs to be used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Chillà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Anceschi
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Frediani
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Scavone
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Del Rosso
- grid.4839.60000 0001 2323 852XDepartment of Physics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900 Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Pelagio
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Tufaro
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Marroncini G, Anceschi C, Naldi L, Fibbi B, Baldanzi F, Maggi M, Peri A. The V 2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan counteracts proliferation and invasivity in human cancer cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1693-1708. [PMID: 35604542 PMCID: PMC9360171 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyponatremia, the most frequent electrolyte alteration in clinical practice, has been associated with a worse prognosis in cancer patients. On the other hand, a better outcome has been related to serum sodium normalization. In vitro studies have shown that low extracellular sodium promotes cancer cells proliferation and invasiveness. Tolvaptan, a selective vasopressin receptor type 2 (V2) antagonist, has been effectively used in the last decade for the treatment of hyponatremia secondary to the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis. A few in vitro data suggested a direct role of tolvaptan in counteracting cancer progression, so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and the mechanism of action of tolvaptan in cell lines from different tumours [i.e. colon cancer (HCT-8), hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), neuroblastoma (SK-N-AS)]. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we showed that these cell lines express the V2 receptor. Tolvaptan significantly reduced cell proliferation with an IC50 in the micromolar range. Accordingly, reduced levels of cAMP, of the catalytic α subunit of PKA, and a reduced pAKT/AKT ratio were observed. Tolvaptan effectively inhibited cell cycle progression, whereas it induced apoptotis. Furthermore, it reduced cell invasiveness. In particular, anchorage-independent growth and the activity of collagenases type IV were blunted in the three cell lines. Accordingly, tolvaptan counteracted the RhoA/ROCK1-2 pathway, which has a pivotal role in regulating cell movement. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings indicate that tolvaptan effectively inhibits tumour progression in vitro. Further studies should clarify whether the V2 receptor might be considered a possible target in anti-cancer strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marroncini
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - C Anceschi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - L Naldi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - B Fibbi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - F Baldanzi
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - A Peri
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Muzzi B, Albino M, Gabbani A, Omelyanchik A, Kozenkova E, Petrecca M, Innocenti C, Balica E, Lavacchi A, Scavone F, Anceschi C, Petrucci G, Ibarra A, Laurenzana A, Pineider F, Rodionova V, Sangregorio C. Star-Shaped Magnetic-Plasmonic Au@Fe 3O 4 Nano-Heterostructures for Photothermal Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:29087-29098. [PMID: 35708301 PMCID: PMC9247976 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, we synthesize a Au@Fe3O4 core@shell system with a highly uniform unprecedented star-like shell morphology with combined plasmonic and magnetic properties. An advanced electron microscopy characterization allows assessing the multifaceted nature of the Au core and its role in the growth of the peculiar epitaxial star-like shell with excellent crystallinity and homogeneity. Magnetometry and magneto-optical spectroscopy revealed a pure magnetite shell, with a superior saturation magnetization compared to similar Au@Fe3O4 heterostructures reported in the literature, which is ascribed to the star-like morphology, as well as to the large thickness of the shell. Of note, Au@Fe3O4 nanostar-loaded cancer cells displayed magneto-mechanical stress under a low frequency external alternating magnetic field (few tens of Hz). On the other hand, such a uniform, homogeneous, and thick magnetite shell enables the shift of the plasmonic resonance of the Au core to 640 nm, which is the largest red shift achievable in Au@Fe3O4 homogeneous core@shell systems, prompting application in photothermal therapy and optical imaging in the first biologically transparent window. Preliminary experiments performing irradiation of a stable water suspension of the nanostar and Au@Fe3O4-loaded cancer cell culture suspension at 658 nm confirmed their optical response and their suitability for photothermal therapy. The outstanding features of the prepared system can be thus potentially exploited as a multifunctional platform for magnetic-plasmonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Muzzi
- Institute
of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds − C.N.R., 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
(FI), Italy
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena 1240, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Martin Albino
- Institute
of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds − C.N.R., 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
(FI), Italy
- Department
of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’ & INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Alessio Gabbani
- Institute
of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds − C.N.R., 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
(FI), Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry & INSTM, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexander Omelyanchik
- Institute
of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236008 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Elena Kozenkova
- Institute
of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236008 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Michele Petrecca
- Department
of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’ & INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Claudia Innocenti
- Institute
of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds − C.N.R., 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
(FI), Italy
| | - Elena Balica
- Department
of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’ & INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Alessandro Lavacchi
- Institute
of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds − C.N.R., 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
(FI), Italy
| | - Francesca Scavone
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Cecilia Anceschi
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gaia Petrucci
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry & INSTM, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfonso Ibarra
- Laboratorio
de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad
de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- Department
of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Pineider
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry & INSTM, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Rodionova
- Institute
of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236008 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Claudio Sangregorio
- Institute
of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds − C.N.R., 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
(FI), Italy
- Department
of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’ & INSTM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Fibbi B, Marroncini G, Anceschi C, Naldi L, Peri A. Hyponatremia and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1768. [PMID: 34829639 PMCID: PMC8614907 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyponatremia, i.e., the presence of a serum sodium concentration ([Na+]) < 136 mEq/L, is the most frequent electrolyte imbalance in the elderly and in hospitalized patients. Symptoms of acute hyponatremia, whose main target is the central nervous system, are explained by the "osmotic theory" and the neuronal swelling secondary to decreased extracellular osmolality, which determines cerebral oedema. Following the description of neurological and systemic manifestations even in mild and chronic hyponatremia, in the last decade reduced extracellular [Na+] was associated with detrimental effects on cellular homeostasis independently of hypoosmolality. Most of these alterations appeared to be elicited by oxidative stress. In this review, we focus on the role of oxidative stress on both osmolality-dependent and -independent impairment of cell and tissue functions observed in hyponatremic conditions. Furthermore, basic and clinical research suggested that oxidative stress appears to be a common denominator of the degenerative processes related to aging, cancer progression, and hyponatremia. Of note, low [Na+] is able to exacerbate multiple manifestations of senescence and to decrease progression-free and overall survival in oncologic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Fibbi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy; (B.F.); (G.M.)
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Giada Marroncini
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy; (B.F.); (G.M.)
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Cecilia Anceschi
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Laura Naldi
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Alessandro Peri
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy; (B.F.); (G.M.)
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (L.N.)
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7
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Marroncini G, Anceschi C, Naldi L, Fibbi B, Baldanzi F, Martinelli S, Polvani S, Maggi M, Peri A. Low sodium and tolvaptan have opposite effects in human small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 537:111419. [PMID: 34389446 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyponatraemia is frequently observed in cancer patients and can be due to the syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuresis (SIAD), related to ectopic vasopressin secretion, particularly in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Hyponatraemia is associated with a worse outcome in cancer patients. The vasopressin receptor antagonist tolvaptan effectively corrects hyponatraemia secondary to SIAD and there is in vitro evidence that it has also an antiproliferative effect in cancer cells. The purpose of this study was i) to analyse the effect of low serum sodium concentrations ([Na+]) in SCLC cells and ii) to determine whether tolvaptan counteracts tumor progression. METHODS We evaluated cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress, invasivity in low [Na+] as well as after exposure to tolvaptan. We also analysed the intracellular signalling pathways involved. RESULTS In reduced [Na+] cell proliferation was significantly increased compared to normal [Na+] and cells were mostly distributed in the G2/M phase. Apoptosis appeared reduced. In addition, the ability to cross matrigel-coated membranes markedly increased. As observed in other cancer cell models, the expression of the heme-oxigenase-1 gene was increased. Finally, we found that in cells cultured in low [Na+] the RhoA/ROCK1/2 pathway, which is involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton, was activated. On the other hand, we found that tolvaptan effectively inhibited cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, invasivity and promoted apoptosis. Accordingly, the RhoA/ROCK-1/2 pathway was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate for the first time that low [Na+] favours tumor progression in SCLC cells, whereas tolvaptan effectively inhibits cell proliferation, survival and invasivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Marroncini
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy; Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Anceschi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy; Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Naldi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy; Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Fibbi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy; Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Baldanzi
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy; Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Martinelli
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Polvani
- Gastroenterology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Peri
- Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy; Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Abstract
Posterior reconstruction was found to be associated with lower degree of anastomotic leakage and enhanced urinary continence at one and three months after extrafascial laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Background and Objectives: To detail the technique and evaluate the impact of a personal modified posterior reconstruction technique (PDR) on the outcomes of extrafascial laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (eLRP) in a consecutive series of 52 patients affected by high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa). Methods: From October 2007 to March 2012, 52 patients underwent PDR during eLRP for HRPCa. Fifty-four patients who underwent eLRP for HRPCa with no PDR were considered as historical controls. Mean operative time (MOT), mean catheterization time (MCT), % continence and quality of life (QoL) at a scheduled follow-up, % anastomotic leakage, % adjuvant therapy were compared between the groups. Percentage of continence and QoL were prospectively assessed by self-administered validated questionnaires (ICI-Q-SF; SF-36) at 1, 3, 6, and12 months. Results: PDR was associated wither higher continence rates at 1 and 3 mo (P = .028, P = .006), a lower incidence of cystographic leakage (P = .002), and an increased adjuvant radiotherapy rate (P = .008). At 1- and 3-mo interval, in the PDR group, we found a higher number of patients reporting better general health, (P = .01, P = .03) reduced role limitations due to physical health, (P = .02, P = .001), and emotional problems (P = .001, P = .02). Conclusions: PDR is associated with a lower degree of anastomotic leakage, and it significantly enhances urinary continence at 1 and 3 mo. The increased adjuvant radiotherapy rate and quality of life after surgery observed with our technique suggest that in the high-risk setting an early functional recovery may substantially influence the oncologic outcome of eLRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Anceschi
- Department of Urology, Viale dei Colli Portuensi 579 - CAP 00151 Rome (Italy). Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81 00133- Rome - Italy.
| | - M Gaffi
- S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Department of Urology, Rome, Italy
| | - C Molinari
- S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Department of Urology, Rome, Italy
| | - C Anceschi
- S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Department of Urology, Rome, Italy
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Gaffi M, Anceschi C, D'Amico F, Lentini M. Urethroplasty with a Buccal Mucosa for Treatment of Anterior Urethral Strictures. Urologia 2005. [DOI: 10.1177/039156030507200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the early results of urethroplasty with a buccal mucosa free graft as a dorsal onlay for treatment of anterior urethral strictures. Materials and Methods Since February 1997 to December 2003, 22 patients with recurrent anterior urethral strictures have been treated with buccal mucosa urethroplasty. Mean age of patients was 48.7 years (range 20 – 71). The etiology of strictures was inflammatory (7), iatrogenic (6), traumatic (3), idiopathic (6). Urethroplasty was performed with a free graft of buccal mucosa using dorsal onlay. The buccal mucosa onlay was sutured to the urethra and corpora cavernosa. Results At 37 month mean follow-up (range 5 to 83) the success rate was 95.5%. Conclusions Buccal mucosa free graft represents a simple surgical option and although longer follow up is needed preliminary results are excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gaffi
- U.O. di Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Camillo-Forlanini, Roma
| | - C. Anceschi
- U.O. di Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Camillo-Forlanini, Roma
| | - F. D'Amico
- U.O. di Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Camillo-Forlanini, Roma
| | - M. Lentini
- U.O. di Urologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Camillo-Forlanini, Roma
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