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Chillà A, Anceschi C, Frediani E, Scavone F, Del Rosso T, Pelagio G, Tufaro A, De Palma G, Del Rosso M, Fibbi G, Chiarugi P, Laurenzana A, Margheri F. Inhibition of MMPs supports amoeboid angiogenesis hampering VEGF-targeted therapies via MLC and ERK 1/2 signaling. J Transl Med 2023; 21:102. [PMID: 36759828 PMCID: PMC9912547 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decades studies on anti-tumoral drugs inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) were disappointing. Recently, we demonstrated that mature endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) can switch between invasion modes to cope with challenging environments, performing the "amoeboid angiogenesis" in the absence of proteases activity. METHODS We first set out to investigate by ELISA if the inhibitors of the main protease family involved in angiogenesis were differently expressed during breast cancer progression. We used Marimastat, a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor, as a means of inducing amoeboid characteristics and studied VEGF role in amoeboid angiogenesis. Thus, we performed invasion and capillary morphogenesis assay, morphological, cell signaling and in vivo mouse studies. RESULTS Our data showed that TIMP1, TIMP2, alpha2-antiplasmin, PAI-1 and cystatin increase in breast cancer serum of patients with primary cancer and lymph node positive compared to healthy women. In vitro results revealed that the most high-powered protease inhibitors able to induce amoeboid invasion of ECFCs were TIMP1, 2 and 3. Surprisingly, Marimastat promotes ECFC invasion and tubular formation in vitro and in vivo, inducing amoeboid characteristics. We observed that the combination of Marimastat plus VEGF doesn't boost neither cell invasion nor vessel formation capacity. Moreover, inhibition of VEGF activity with Bevacizumab in the presence of Marimastat confirmed that amoeboid angiogenesis is independent from the stimulus of the main vascular growth factor, VEGF. CONCLUSIONS We underline the importance to consider the amoeboid mechanism of endothelial and cancer cell invasion, probably responsible for the failure of synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitors as cancer therapy and tumor resistance to VEGF-targeted therapies, to set-up new drugs to be used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Chillà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Anceschi
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Frediani
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Scavone
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Del Rosso
- grid.4839.60000 0001 2323 852XDepartment of Physics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900 Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Pelagio
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Tufaro
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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García-Arcos JM, Gateau K, Venkova L, Piel M. Extended Methods for 2D Confinement. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:63-81. [PMID: 36653702 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Physical confinement in microfluidic devices has become a common technique to induce and study cell migration in a large range of cell types. Confined migration was previously understudied due to the limitations of 2D migration assays but has emerged as an important mode of migration in the past decade. Furthermore, confinement improves the quality of the imaging and simplifies the analysis of trajectories by confining migration to the plane of acquisition. Protocols described in this chapter relate to methods extending the previously published 2D confinement technique. First, we explain a method to increase the complexity of the confinement chamber by microfabricating nanometer-sized PDMS grooves on the bottom surface, usually used for contact guidance studies. Then, we describe a method to perform the confinement on cells embedded inside a μm-thin 3D collagen gel. Finally, we describe an alternative method to confine cells based on agarose, so that cells can be fixed or drug perfused while being confined, which is currently not possible in the 2D confinement silicone-based device.
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Vesperini D, Montalvo G, Qu B, Lautenschläger F. Characterization of immune cell migration using microfabrication. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:185-202. [PMID: 34290841 PMCID: PMC8285443 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system provides our defense against pathogens and aberrant cells, including tumorigenic and infected cells. Motility is one of the fundamental characteristics that enable immune cells to find invading pathogens, control tissue damage, and eliminate primary developing tumors, even in the absence of external treatments. These processes are termed "immune surveillance." Migration disorders of immune cells are related to autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and tumor evasion. It is therefore essential to characterize immune cell motility in different physiologically and pathologically relevant scenarios to understand the regulatory mechanisms of functionality of immune responses. This review is focused on immune cell migration, to define the underlying mechanisms and the corresponding investigative approaches. We highlight the challenges that immune cells encounter in vivo, and the microfabrication methods to mimic particular aspects of their microenvironment. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed tools, and provide information on how to access them. Furthermore, we summarize the directional cues that regulate individual immune cell migration, and discuss the behavior of immune cells in a complex environment composed of multiple directional cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Vesperini
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Galia Montalvo
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Ólafsson EB, Ten Hoeve AL, Li-Wang X, Westermark L, Varas-Godoy M, Barragan A. Convergent Met and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel signaling drives hypermigration of Toxoplasma-infected dendritic cells. J Cell Sci 2020; 134:jcs241752. [PMID: 32161101 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-Erk MAPK signaling controls many of the principal pathways involved in metazoan cell motility, drives metastasis of multiple cancer types and is targeted in chemotherapy. However, its putative roles in immune cell functions or in infections have remained elusive. Here, using primary dendritic cells (DCs) in an infection model with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, we show that two pathways activated by infection converge on Ras-Erk MAPK signaling to promote migration of parasitized DCs. We report that signaling through the receptor tyrosine kinase Met (also known as HGF receptor) contributes to T. gondii-induced DC hypermotility. Furthermore, voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC, subtype CaV1.3) signaling impacted the migratory activation of DCs via calmodulin-calmodulin kinase II. We show that convergent VGCC signaling and Met signaling activate the GTPase Ras to drive Erk1 and Erk2 (also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1, respectively) phosphorylation and hypermotility of T. gondii-infected DCs. The data provide a molecular basis for the hypermigratory mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition (MAT) of parasitized DCs. This emerging concept suggests that parasitized DCs acquire metastasis-like migratory properties that promote infection-related dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar B Ólafsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne L Ten Hoeve
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoze Li-Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Westermark
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Center for Cell Biology and Biomedicine (CEBICEM), Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastian, 7620001 Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ólafsson EB, Ross EC, Varas-Godoy M, Barragan A. TIMP-1 promotes hypermigration of Toxoplasma-infected primary dendritic cells via CD63-ITGB1-FAK signaling. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.225193. [PMID: 30635444 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) exerts pleiotropic effects on cells including conferring metastatic properties to cancer cells. As for metastatic cells, recent paradigms of leukocyte migration attribute important roles to the amoeboid migration mode of dendritic cells (DCs) for rapid locomotion in tissues. However, the role of TIMP-1 in immune cell migration and in the context of infection has not been addressed. We report that, upon challenge with the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, primary DCs secrete TIMP-1 with implications for their migratory properties. Using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) gene silencing approach, we demonstrate that secreted TIMP-1 and its ligand CD63 are required for the onset of hypermotility in DCs challenged with T. gondii Further, gene silencing and antibody blockade of the β1-integrin CD29 (ITGB1) inhibited DC hypermotility, indicating that signal transduction occurred via ITGB1. Finally, gene silencing of the ITGB1-associated focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2), as well as pharmacological antagonism of FAK and associated kinases SRC and PI3K, abrogated hypermotility. The present study identifies a TIMP-1-CD63-ITGB1-FAK signaling axis in primary DCs, which T. gondii hijacks to drive high-speed amoeboid migration of the vehicle cells that facilitate its systemic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar B Ólafsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 09 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily C Ross
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 09 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, 7620001 Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 09 Stockholm, Sweden
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Herraiz C, Crosas-Molist E, Sanz-Moreno V. Reactive oxygen species and tumor dissemination: Allies no longer. Mol Cell Oncol 2016; 3:e1127313. [PMID: 27308633 PMCID: PMC4905421 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1127313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For decades, reactive oxygen species (ROS) linked to oxidative stress have been suggested to promote carcinogenesis. However, we and others have demonstrated a protective role for ROS in metastatic dissemination. These recent studies partly explain the large failure observed in clinical trials using antioxidants for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Herraiz
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Eva Crosas-Molist
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London SE1 1UL, UK
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