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Guédon A, Nigolian H, Allali D, Laurent C, Ricard L, Nguyen Y, Boffa J, Rondeau E, Gerotziafas G, Elalamy I, Deriaz S, De Moreuil C, Planche V, Wahl C, Johanet C, Maillot F, Fain O, Mekinian A. Profil clinicobiologique et pronostic des patients porteurs asymptomatiques d’anticorps du SAPL : une étude de cohorte multicentrique française. Rev Med Interne 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sokol H, Contreras V, Maisonnasse P, Desmons A, Delache B, Sencio V, Machelart A, Brisebarre A, Humbert L, Deryuter L, Gauliard E, Heumel S, Rainteau D, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Menu E, Ho Tsong Fang R, Lamaziere A, Brot L, Wahl C, Oeuvray C, Rolhion N, Van Der Werf S, Ferreira S, Le Grand R, Trottein F. SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates alters the composition and functional activity of the gut microbiota. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-19. [PMID: 33685349 PMCID: PMC7951961 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1893113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 constitutes a global public health issue. Regarding the emerging importance of the gut-lung axis in viral respiratory infections, analysis of the gut microbiota's composition and functional activity during a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection might be instrumental in understanding and controling COVID 19. We used a nonhuman primate model (the macaque), that recapitulates mild COVID-19 symptoms, to analyze the effects of a SARS-CoV-2 infection on dynamic changes of the gut microbiota. 16S rRNA gene profiling and analysis of β diversity indicated significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota with a peak at 10-13 days post-infection (dpi). Analysis of bacterial abundance correlation networks confirmed disruption of the bacterial community at 10-13 dpi. Some alterations in microbiota persisted after the resolution of the infection until day 26. Some changes in the relative bacterial taxon abundance associated with infectious parameters. Interestingly, the relative abundance of Acinetobacter (Proteobacteria) and some genera of the Ruminococcaceae family (Firmicutes) was positively correlated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract. Targeted quantitative metabolomics indicated a drop in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and changes in several bile acids and tryptophan metabolites in infected animals. The relative abundance of several taxa known to be SCFA producers (mostly from the Ruminococcaceae family) was negatively correlated with systemic inflammatory markers while the opposite correlation was seen with several members of the genus Streptococcus. Collectively, SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nonhuman primate is associated with changes in the gut microbiota's composition and functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre De Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France,INRAE, UMR1319 Micalis & AgroParisTech, Jouy En Josas, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France,CONTACT Harry Sokol Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre De Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative therapies/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative therapies/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - Aurore Desmons
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre De Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Delache
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative therapies/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Univ. Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d’Infection Et d’Immunité De Lille, Lille, France,Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, Lille, France,Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Lille, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Machelart
- Univ. Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d’Infection Et d’Immunité De Lille, Lille, France,Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, Lille, France,Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Lille, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France
| | - Angela Brisebarre
- Centre National De Référence Virus Des Infections Respiratoires, Unité De Génétique Moléculaire Des Virus À ARN, GMVR, F75015, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université De Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Humbert
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre De Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Deryuter
- Univ. Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d’Infection Et d’Immunité De Lille, Lille, France,Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, Lille, France,Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Lille, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Gauliard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre De Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Severine Heumel
- Univ. Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d’Infection Et d’Immunité De Lille, Lille, France,Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, Lille, France,Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Lille, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre De Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative therapies/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Menu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative therapies/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - Raphael Ho Tsong Fang
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative therapies/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - Antonin Lamaziere
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre De Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France,INRAE, UMR1319 Micalis & AgroParisTech, Jouy En Josas, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Loic Brot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre De Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France,INRAE, UMR1319 Micalis & AgroParisTech, Jouy En Josas, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | | | - Cyriane Oeuvray
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre De Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rolhion
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre De Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Van Der Werf
- Centre National De Référence Virus Des Infections Respiratoires, Unité De Génétique Moléculaire Des Virus À ARN, GMVR, F75015, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 3569, Université De Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative therapies/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d’Infection Et d’Immunité De Lille, Lille, France,Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, Lille, France,Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Lille, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur De Lille, Lille, France,François trottein Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, F-59000 Lille, France
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Wahl C, Hoffmann M, Gau E, Braun S, Pich A, Elling L. Synthese des Glykosids 2 (
β
‐Galaktosyl)‐Ethyl Methacrylat mithilfe einer
β
Galaktosidase aus
Pyrococcus woesei
für die Glykopolymersynthese. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202055245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Wahl
- RWTH Aachen University Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering Pauwelsstr. 20 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - M. Hoffmann
- RWTH Aachen University Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering Pauwelsstr. 20 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - E. Gau
- RWTH Aachen University Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
- DWI – Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - S. Braun
- RWTH Aachen University Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
- DWI – Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - A. Pich
- RWTH Aachen University Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
- DWI – Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - L. Elling
- RWTH Aachen University Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering Pauwelsstr. 20 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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Wahl C, Zerhusen C, Elling L. Fast Optimization of an Enzyme-Module System for the Synthesis of UDP-GalNAc and Subsequent Scale-up and Purification. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fischöder T, Wahl C, Elling L. The Golgi Glycan Factory - Modular Biocatalytic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of di-LacNAc. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Van Ghelue M, Wahl C, Arntzen K, Loseth S, Bindoff L, Sveberg L, Rosby O, Popperud T, Rasmussen M, Halvorsen H, Lindal S, Jonsrud C, Orstavik K. CAPN3 mutation c. 643-663del21 identified in 52 Norwegian patients belonging to 24 families is associated with dominant calpainopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Knobloch J, Wahl C, Feldmann M, Jungck D, Stoelben E, Koch A. Resveratrol supprimiert die Zytokinexpression in Lipoteichonsäure-exponierten glatten Bronchialmuskelzellen von COPD Patienten via SIRT1 und effektiver als Kortikosteroide. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jungck D, Feldmann M, Wahl C, Meinig C, Körber S, Stoelben E, Behr J, Knobloch J, Koch A. Endothelinrezeptor-Antagonisten beeinflussen die inflammatorische Antwort humaner pulmonalvaskulärer glatter Muskelzellen auf bakterielle Endotoxine. Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Feldmann M, Wahl C, Schindewolf C, Stoelben E, Knobloch J, Koch A. Humane pulmonal-vaskuläre glatte Muskelzellen setzen als Antwort auf die Stimulation mit bakteriellen Gefahrensignalen inflammatorische Zytokine frei. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1302565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wahl C, Feldmann M, Schindewolf C, Reichert J, Stoelben E, Knobloch J, Koch A. Humane glatte Bronchialmuskelzellen setzen als Antwort auf die Stimulation mit bakteriellen Gefahrensignalen inflammatorische Zytokine frei. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1302799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hill CM, Kang QK, Wahl C, Jimenez A, Laberge M, Drews M, Matthews MA, An YH. Biocompatibility of Supercritical CO 2-Treated Titanium Implants in a Rat Model. Int J Artif Organs 2006; 29:430-3. [PMID: 16705612 DOI: 10.1177/039139880602900413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical phase CO2 is a promising method for sterilizing implantable devices and tissue grafts. The goal of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of titanium implants sterilized by supercritical phase CO2 in a rat subcutaneous implantation model. At 5 weeks post implantation titanium implants sterilized by supercritical phase CO2 produce a soft tissue reaction that is comparable to other methods of sterilization (steam autoclave, ultraviolet light radiation, ethylene oxide gas, and radio-frequency glow-discharge), as indicated by the thickness and density of the foreign body capsule, although there were some differences on the capillary density. Overall the soft tissue response to the implants was similar among all methods of sterilization, indicating supercritical phase CO2 treatment did not compromise the biocompatibility of the titanium implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Hill
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Poole AR, Kobayashi M, Yasuda T, Laverty S, Mwale F, Kojima T, Sakai T, Wahl C, El-Maadawy S, Webb G, Tchetina E, Wu W. Type II collagen degradation and its regulation in articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61 Suppl 2:ii78-81. [PMID: 12379630 PMCID: PMC1766700 DOI: 10.1136/ard.61.suppl_2.ii78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Poole
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Miehe G, Wahl C, Fuess H. TEM investigations on microcrystalline SiO 2. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876730208635x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Wahl C, Oswald F, Simnacher U, Weiss S, Marre R, Essig A. Survival of Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected Mono Mac 6 cells is dependent on NF-kappaB binding activity. Infect Immun 2001; 69:7039-45. [PMID: 11598079 PMCID: PMC100084 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.11.7039-7045.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae has been associated with atherosclerosis. Monocytes are supposed to serve as a vehicle for systemic dissemination of intracellular C. pneumoniae from the lung to the artery vessel wall. We were therefore interested in pathogen-induced cellular events associated with NF-kappaB, a crucial transcription factor for both inflammatory cytokines and antiapoptotic molecules. In this study we demonstrate by electrophoretic mobility shift assay that C. pneumoniae infection of the human monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6 induces activation of NF-kappaB over 48 h, with a maximum level at 1 h postinfection. As shown by supershift assay, the activated NF-kappaB complex consists of the subunits RelA (p65) and NF-kappaB1 (p50). Apoptotic host cells were not detected during the early stages of the infection when maximal activation of NF-kappaB was detected. Pretreatment of Mono Mac 6 with the antioxidant and NF-kappaB inhibitor PDTC (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) induced activation of caspase-3 and led to apoptotic cell death. The C. pneumoniae-induced activation of the NF-kappaB complex was reduced by PDTC, which in parallel resulted in an increased apoptosis, as quantified by annexin V labeling and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling reaction. In the complete absence of activated NF-kappaB, when Mono Mac 6 cells were pretreated with the more potent NF-kappaB inhibitors MG-132 and parthenolide a C. pneumoniae-mediated rescue of cells from induced apoptosis could not be achieved. Our results indicate that activation of NF-kappaB in C. pneumoniae-infected Mono Mac 6 cells is associated with protection of Mono Mac 6 cells against apoptosis and might thereby contribute to systemic spread of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wahl
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Boutin P, Vasseur F, Samson C, Wahl C, Froguel P. Routine mutation screening of HNF-1alpha and GCK genes in MODY diagnosis: how effective are the techniques of DHPLC and direct sequencing used in combination? Diabetologia 2001; 44:775-8. [PMID: 11440371 DOI: 10.1007/s001250051687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1alpha and glucokinase (GCK) genes are the major causes of monogenic forms of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young subtypes, MODY). We evaluated the effectiveness of fluorescent single-strand conformation polymorphism (F-SSCP), denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and sequencing based mutation detection in the molecular diagnosis of MODY. Our goal is to identify a rapid, efficient and cost effective mutation detection method for the molecular diagnosis of MODY and other human genetic disorders. METHODS We evaluated the accuracy of DHPLC in screening for MODY 2 and 3 mutations. In addition, we compared the sensitivity, specificity, cost, handling time and analysis time of fluorescent single-strand conformation polymorphism, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing screening methods. RESULTS Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography is a recently developed method for mutation detection. It is cost effective, powerful and reliable and quite suitable for 22 out of the 24 fragments required for MODY 2 and 3 testing. However, exons 1 and 7 of the HNF-1alpha gene are very polymorphic and so direct sequencing is faster as well as more efficient and reliable. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that combining denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing is a good approach for the routine detection of HNF-1alpha and GCK mutations in MODY families. Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography appears to be a powerful tool in genetic testing and the method could be applied to the molecular diagnosis of other human genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Boutin
- Department of Human Genetics-CNRS UPRES, CHRU, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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Abstract
Experimental embryology performed on avian embryos combines tissue manipulations and cell-labeling methods with increasing opportunities and demands for critical assays of the results. These approaches continue to reveal unexpected complexities in the normal patterns of cell movement and tissue origins, documentation of which is critical to unraveling the intricacies of cell and tissue interactions during embryogenesis. Viktor Hamburger's many pioneering contributions helped launch and promote the philosophical as well as technical elements of avian experimental embryology. Furthermore, his scholarship and profoundly positive presence influenced not just those of us fortunate to have trained with him, but several generations of developmental biologists. The first part of this article presents examples of the opportunities and rewards that have occurred due to his influences. Surgical manipulation of avian embryonic tissues always introduces a greater number of variables than the experimenter can control for or, often, readily identify. We present the results of dorsal and ventral lesions of hindbrain segments, which include defects in structures within, beside, and also at a considerable distance from the site of lesion. Extramedullary loops of longitudinal tract axons exit and re-enter the neural tube, and intra-medullary proliferation of blood vessels is expanded. Peripherally, the coalescence of neural crest- and placode-derived neuroblasts is disrupted. As expected, motor neurons and their projections close to the sites of lesion are compromised. However, an unexpected finding is that the normal projections of cranial nerves located distant to the lesion site were also disrupted. Following brainstem lesions in the region of rhombomeres 3, 4 or 5, trigeminal or oculomotor axons penetrated the lateral rectus muscle. Surprisingly, the ability of VIth nerve axons to reach the lateral rectus muscle was not destroyed in most cases, even though the terrain through which they needed to pass was disrupted. These axons typically followed a more ventral course than normal, and usually, the axons emerging from individual roots failed to fasciculate into a common VIth nerve, which suggests that each rootlet contains pathfinder-competent axons. The lesson from these lesions is that surgical intervention in avian embryos may have substantial effects upon tissues within, adjacent to, and distant to those that are being manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wahl
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Wells College, Aurora, NY 13026, USA
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Abstract
The thermal destruction of benzene in methane/air flue gas is studied experimentally using an atmospheric laminar flow reactor in laboratory scale. The reactor is operated at four different fuel equivalent ratios (phi = 0.06, 0.1,0.5, 3.7), and temperatures in the range from 850 to 973 K and realises a residence time of 5 s. Stable-species concentrations are measured by gas chromatography (GC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), where phenol, acetylene, formaldehyde, acrolein, methane and acetaldehyde are the major hydrocarbon products besides CO and CO2. The augmentation of the temperature from 850 to 973 K increases the benzene conversion rate from 55% to 99%. The experimental results for one fuel equivalent ratio (phi = 0.5) are compared to the benzene model proposed by Emdee et al. (J. Phys. Chem. 92 (1992) 2151-2161). A fair agreement is observed for the benzene consumption and the CO production throughout the temperature range considered here. The small hydrocarbons are not very well matched, which requires further research on the sub-models. Our experimental results on laboratory scale provide a database for the modelling of benzene oxidation in waste incinerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schöbel
- Institut für Verbrennungstechnik, DLR Stuttgart, Germany.
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Kohler M, Wahl C, Baumgartner M, Imoberdorf R. [What is your diagnosis? Acrodermatitis in severe malnutrition caused by malabsorption within the scope of Crohn disease]. Ther Umsch 2000; 57:173-4. [PMID: 10756698 DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930.57.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kohler
- Medizinische Klinik, Kantonsspital Winterthur
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Abstract
Kidney stones occur in up to 15% of the population. The incidence of stone disease is 0.1-0.4%, i.e. 100 to 400 out of 100,000 people form a kidney stone every year. The recurrence rate is high, reaching 52% within 10 years and 75% within 20 years, respectively. Since urinary supersaturation, the driving force for crystallisation and stone formation, directly depends on nutritional habits, dietary recommendations are an important part of stone treatment. The benefit of urine dilution by means of a high fluid intake (urine volume at least 2.5 L/d) has been established by several studies. On the other hand, incorrect dietary recommendations, such as the restriction of calcium as advocated for decades, can even promote stone formation! Indeed, large prospective trials have clearly demonstrated that the risk for stone formation decreases with increasing daily calcium intake. It is therefore mandatory that low-calcium diet is finally abandoned in patients with calcium kidney stones and replaced by a sufficient calcium consumption, i.e. 1200 mg per day. Furthermore, epidemiological studies confirm that a diet rich in meat protein carries an increased risk for forming upper urinary tract stones; thus, daily protein intake should not exceed 1 g/kg body weight, which corresponds with general recommendations for a healthy diet. Last but not least, more recent studies have shown that the consumption of high quantities of fruits and vegetables may protect against kidney stone formation, since it raises urinary excretion of citrate, an important inhibitor of crystallization. The present review emphasizes on the relations between nutrition and stone formation in the urinary tract and offers convenient and inexpensive measures for the prevention of recurrence of nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wahl
- Abteilung für Nephrologie, Kantonsspital, Winterthur
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22
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Boutin P, Wahl C, Samson C, Vasseur F, Laget F, Froguel P. Big Dye terminator cycle sequencing chemistry: accuracy of the dilution process and application for screening mutations in the TCF1 and GCK genes. Hum Mutat 2000; 15:201-3. [PMID: 10649499 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(200002)15:2<201::aid-humu11>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Hafner J, Keusch G, Wahl C, Burg G. Calciphylaxis: a syndrome of skin necrosis and acral gangrene in chronic renal failure. VASA 1998; 27:137-43. [PMID: 9747147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calciphylaxis is a rare condition of rapidly extending ischemic skin necrosis or acral gangrene of fingers, toes or penis in patients with chronic renal failure. It may be accompanied by extensive metastatic calcification of soft tissues. Histology of infarcted tissues shows prominent medial calcification and intimal hyperplasia of subcutaneous arteries and/or digital arteries, respectively. The pathogenesis of calciphylaxis is only poorly understood. Most patients have hyperparathyroidism and an elevated calcium-phosphate-product, which is thought to be a major pathogenetic factor of calciphylaxis. PATIENTS AND METHODS All published cases of calciphylaxis including nine of own (155 patients in total) from 1936 through 1996 were reviewed and subjected to statistical meta-analysis (Fisher's exact test). RESULTS Proximal locations of necrosis (thighs, buttocks, trunk) carried an unfavourable prognosis (63% mortality) compared to distal locations (calves, forearms, fingers, toes, penis) with 23% mortality (p < 0.0001). Parathyroidectomy was associated with a favourable outcome (p < 0.004). Diabetics with chronic renal failure had acral gangrene in 61% compared to 34% of the non-diabetic calciphylaxis-patients (p < 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The present analysis of all published cases of calciphylaxis is limited by patient selection and publication bias. The unfavourable prognosis of patients with proximal necrosis is impressive and might justify an early and aggressive treatment in such cases. However, the general benefit of parathyroidectomy remains debatable. Hyperparathyroidism should be managed primarily by conservative means. Parathyroidectomy should be reserved for patients with very high parathyroid hormone level and calcium-phosphate-product or with a rapidly progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Abstract
Transcription factors of the NF-kappaB/Rel family are critical for inducible expression of multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses. Sulfasalazine and its salicylate moiety 5-aminosalicylic acid are among the most effective agents for treating inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the mode of action of these drugs remains unclear. Here we provide evidence that the transcription factor NF-kappaB is a target of sulfasalazine-mediated immunosuppression. Treatment of SW620 colon cells with sulfasalazine inhibited TNFalpha-, LPS-, or phorbol ester- induced NF-kappaB activation. NF-kappaB-dependent transcription was inhibited by sulfasalazine at micro- to millimolar concentrations. In contrast, 5-aminosalicylic acid or sulfapyridine did not block NF-kappaB activation at all doses tested. TNFalpha-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB was prevented by sulfasalazine through inhibition of IkappaBalpha degradation. When blocking proteasome-mediated degradation of IkappaBalpha, we could demonstrate that sulfasalazine interfered with IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, suggesting a direct effect on an IkappaBalpha kinase or on an upstream signal. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation seems to be specific since other DNA-binding activities such as AP1 were not affected. These results demonstrate that sulfasalazine is a potent and specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation, and thus may explain some of the known biological properties of sulfasalazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Arnold D, Wahl C, Faath S, Rammensee HG, Schild H. Influences of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) on the repertoire of peptides associated with the endoplasmic reticulum-resident stress protein gp96. J Exp Med 1997; 186:461-6. [PMID: 9236199 PMCID: PMC2199000 DOI: 10.1084/jem.186.3.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident stress protein gp96 induces protective immunity and specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against antigens expressed in those cells it has been isolated from. This ability is based on peptides associated with gp96. Because gp96 is located inside the ER, our experiments address the question whether or not the repertoire of peptides associated with gp96 is influenced by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). For this purpose, gp96 was isolated from cells with and without a TAP defect and used for immunization of mice. We found that for some antigens the association of peptides with gp96 required functional TAP molecules, whereas the association of peptides from other antigens was TAP independent. In the case of a TAP-dependent association of peptides with gp96, our results prove that peptide binding by gp96 in vivo occurs inside the ER and is not an artifact induced by cell lysis during the gp96 purification. The finding that some antigens can also associate with gp96 in the absence of functional TAP molecules indicates that the repertoire of peptides bound by gp96 truly reflects the entire repertoire of peptides present inside the ER and not only those peptides transported by TAP. These results, together with the earlier finding that the gp96 peptide repertoire is independent of the major histocompatibility complex molecules expressed by the cell gp96 is isolated from, give the theoretical foundation for the ability of gp96 to induce CTL responses against all kinds of intracellular antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arnold
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
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26
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Isenmann S, Wahl C, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Bähr M. Up-regulation of Bax protein in degenerating retinal ganglion cells precedes apoptotic cell death after optic nerve lesion in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 1997; 9:1763-72. [PMID: 9283831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells as a consequence of optic nerve lesion has been shown to fulfil the criteria of apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the time course of ganglion cell apoptosis following intraorbital crushing of the optic nerve in adult rats using morphological criteria and applying a terminal transferase technique (TUNEL) for in situ detection of DNA strand breaks. In addition, we examined expression patterns of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X and the cell death-promoting protein Bax in retinae after crushing the optic nerve. Apoptotic nuclei were detected in the ganglion cell layer in the first 3 weeks after optic nerve crush, with a peak after 6 days. Bcl-2 and Bcl-X proteins were expressed in ganglion cells at low levels. Expression of Bcl-2 decreased further during the days following crush. Bcl-X expression was initially increased, followed by a decline over the following days. In contrast, Bax protein, which was expressed in most ganglion cells at moderate baseline levels, was sharply increased as early as 30 min after crush, reached peak levels after 3 days, and remained up-regulated for at least 1 week thereafter. Double labelling for Bax and TUNEL in retinal sections, however, did not reveal colocalization of the two signals in individual retinal ganglion cells, consistent with the idea that increases in Bax precede apoptosis after optic nerve lesion. Thus, retinal ganglion cell death might be prevented by ablation of Bax protein in these cells, or by up-regulation of Bax-antagonists such as Bcl-2 or Bcl-X.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Isenmann
- Max Planck Institute for Development Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Wahl C, Keusch G. [Creatinine of 250 micro mol/l: what should be done?]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 1997; 86:861-864. [PMID: 9312816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This article aims at guidelines for evaluation of an accidentally detected increase of creatinine levels in serum and the decision if and when hospitalisation is mandatory. Hospitalisation is indicated when the general condition is poor and clinical signs of uremia like pericarditis, encephalitis, pulmonary edema with cliguria or anuria and severe hyperkalaemia or metabolic acidosis exist. In other cases an outpatient evaluation is possible yielding often information on preexisting risk factors, that may lead to functional renal failure, by history and clinical investigation. Furthermore assignment of the actual renal failure to a prerenal, renal or postrenal cause, usually by means of ultrasound and therapeutic consequences are demonstrated. A tabular overview on pathogenesis and gradation of various forms of acute renal failure and their identification by findings in urine sediments and/or chemical urine analysis is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wahl
- Abteilung für Nephrologie, Medizinische Klinik, Stadtspital Waid, Zürich
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Ried C, Wahl C, Miethke T, Wellnhofer G, Landgraf C, Schneider-Mergener J, Hoess A. High affinity endotoxin-binding and neutralizing peptides based on the crystal structure of recombinant Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:28120-7. [PMID: 8910426 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid A, the conserved portion of endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide, is the major mediator of septic shock, and therefore endotoxin-neutralizing molecules could have important clinical applications. The crystal structure of recombinant Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (rLALF) (Hoess, A., Watson, S., Siber, G. R., and Liddington, R. (1993) EMBO J. 12, 3351-3356), has been used to design synthetic peptides comprising different parts of the exposed amphipathic loop in the proposed endotoxin-binding domain of rLALF. We investigated the minimal requirements of rLALF for endotoxin and lipid A binding with linear 10-mer peptides. Only one linear peptide, corresponding to amino acids 36-45 of rLALF, was able to bind lipid A and endotoxin above background levels. Cyclic peptides, however, bind lipid A and endotoxin with high affinity, presumably by mimicking the three dimensional characteristics of the exposed hairpin loop. The cyclic peptide including amino acids 36-47, LALF-14, has a lipid A binding activity comparable to the high affinity endotoxin-binding peptide polymyxin B. LALF-14 has an improved serum half-life compared with its linear counterpart, and it is not toxic for cultured human monocytes or red blood cells. In mice, it blocks tumor necrosis factor-alpha induction after endotoxin challenge. The characterization of the minimal endotoxin-binding domain of rLALF and, importantly, its structure provided a basis for designing small molecules that could have prophylactic and/or therapeutic properties in humans for the management of septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ried
- MorphoSys GmbH, 80807 Munich, Germany
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29
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Huynh-Do U, Wahl C, Sulzer M, Buhler H, Keusch G. Torsade de pointes during low-dosage sotalol therapy in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996. [DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Huynh-Do U, Wahl C, Sulzer M, Bühler H, Keusch G. Torsades de pointes during low-dosage sotalol therapy in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11:1153-4. [PMID: 8671988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- U Huynh-Do
- Division of Nephrology and Medical Clinic, City Hospital Waid, Zürich,Switzerland
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31
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Hafner J, Keusch G, Wahl C, Sauter B, Hürlimann A, von Weizsäcker F, Krayenbühl M, Biedermann K, Brunner U, Helfenstein U. Uremic small-artery disease with medial calcification and intimal hyperplasia (so-called calciphylaxis): a complication of chronic renal failure and benefit from parathyroidectomy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 33:954-62. [PMID: 7490365 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(95)90286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uremic small-artery disease with medial calcification and intimal hyperplasia can lead to life-threatening skin necrosis or acral gangrene. It is a distinct complication of chronic renal failure that must be differentiated from soft-tissue calcification. An increased calcium-phosphate product and secondary hyperparathyroidism are the main underlying conditions. The benefit of parathyroidectomy is controversial. OBJECTIVE This article is based on a literature search to determine prognostic factors and, in particular, the benefit of parathyroidectomy. METHODS The literature on uremic small-artery disease (so-called calciphylaxis) was reviewed (full data set: 104 cases, including five of our own). The therapeutic benefit of parathyroidectomy and the relation between prognostic predictors (localization, dialysis, and transplant) and outcome were analyzed. The relation between diabetes and acral gangrene was also examined. Further epidemiologic data on the reviewed group of patients were established. RESULTS Thirty-eight of 58 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy survived compared with 13 of 37 patients who did not undergo parathyroidectomy (p = 0.007, n = 95). Forty of 53 patients with distal localization of necrosis survived compared with 11 of 42 patients with proximal pattern (p < 0.00001; n = 95). Dialysis and kidney transplantation followed by immunosuppression showed no relation to disease outcome. No association was found between diabetes and acral gangrene (p = 0.50). CONCLUSION Uremic small-artery disease is a distinct complication of chronic renal failure. Its recognition and early diagnosis should allow more effective treatment. In our retrospective study parathyroidectomy was significantly related to survival. Only a randomized, controlled, prospective trial (parathyroidectomy vs conservative treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism) can establish the value of parathyroidectomy in uremic small-artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Abstract
Bacterial superantigens such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) cause in vivo a profoud and long-lasting state of unresponsiveness in ligand-reactive T cells. To test whether presentation of SEB by small resting B cells to ligand-reactive T cells is essential for the induction of T cell unresponsiveness, we analyzed the effect of SEB in B cell-deficient mice. We observed T cell deletion and T cell unresponsiveness in both B cell-deficient mice and control mice. We conclude that presentation of SEB by resting B cells is not a prerequisite for the induction of T cell unresponsiveness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University, Munich, Germany
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33
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Abstract
Superantigens are interesting for several reasons. They exhibit unusual T-cell activation characteristics, they allow to follow in vivo ligand-reactive T cells, they cause T-cell-mediated shock symptoms and they may be causally involved in certain human diseases. This review focuses on the paradox of T-cell activation versus T-cell inactivation as caused by bacterial superantigens in vivo. T-cell activation leads to the acute release of toxic concentrations of lymphokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha/beta, gamma-interferon, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-10. T-cell inactivation mirrors induction of anergy, T-cell receptor downregulation, and that of CD2, CD4 and CD8 cell surface molecules, as well as of apoptosis. Two waves of apoptosis cripple the T-cell repertoire of superantigen-reactive T cells, an immediate one being induced within 24 h and a late one occurring at days 3-4. In between, clonal expansion of anergic ligand-reactive T cells takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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Miethke T, Wahl C, Gaus H, Heeg K, Wagner H. Exogenous superantigens acutely trigger distinct levels of peripheral T cell tolerance/immunosuppression: dose-response relationship. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24:1893-902. [PMID: 8056049 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830240827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-specific immunosuppression requires an understanding of the parameters that control peripheral T cell tolerance. T cell receptor (TcR) transgenic mice offer a clear advantage for studying post-thymic tolerance mechanisms in vivo that are operational in a monoclonal T cell population with preselected antigen specificity. Yet it is unclear whether the rules defined in monoclonal T cells of genetically manipulated mice reflect those operative in clonally diverse peripheral T cells of normal mice. To analyze acute tolerance mechanisms in unselected peripheral T cells, we challenged normal mice with the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and analyzed ligand-reactive V beta 8+ T cells for TcR-triggered tolerance mechanisms such as anergy, TcR down-regulation, or apoptosis. Upon challenge with graded doses of SEB (0.001-10 micrograms) V beta 8+ T cells become anergic within 6-16 h. Importantly, a dosage effect of SEB in regard to the level of anergy induced was observed. Anergy induced by low concentrations of SEB (0.001-0.1 microgram) is transient and is overcome by clonal growth, while higher concentrations of SEB (0.1-10 micrograms) cause long-lasting anergy resistant to cell cycle progression. At high SEB concentrations (1-10 mg) about 50% of the anergic V beta 8+ T cells additionally down-regulate their TcR-CD3 complex, followed by a loss of CD2, CD4, CD8 accessory molecules. In parallel, T cell phenotype-negative but genotypically V beta 8+ T cells are generated. The T cell phenotype-negative cells reacquire their V beta 8+ T cell phenotype upon culture in vitro. In vivo, a subset of V beta 8+ cells, defined by an intermediate stage of TcR down-regulation, i.e. V beta 8lowCD3+ cells, but not T cell phenotype-negative cells are selectively programmed for apoptosis, which occurs within 1 h. These data suggest that SEB triggers distinct tolerance pathways which operate in a hierarchical fashion in clonally diverse ligand-reactive T cells. Specifically, the results illustrate the power of exogenous superantigens to exploit these distinct tolerance pathways, thereby achieving distinct levels of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich
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35
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Akers R, Alexander G, Allison J, Anderson KJ, Arcelli S, Asai S, Astbury A, Axen D, Azuelos G, Ball AH, Barlow RJ, Barnett S, Bartoldus R, Batley JR, Beaudoin G, Beck A, Beck GA, Becker J, Beeston C, Behnke T, Bell KW, Bella G, Bentkowski P, Berlich P, Bethke S, Biebel O, Bloodworth IJ, Bock P, Boden B, Bosch HM, Boutemeur M, Bright-Thomas P, Brown RM, Buijs A, Burckhart HJ, Burgard C, Capiluppi P, Carnegie RK, Carter AA, Carter JR, Chang CY, Charlesworth C, Charlton DG, Chu SL, Clarke PEL, Clayton JC, Cohen I, Conboy JE, Cooper M, Coupland M, Cuffiani M, Dado S, Dallapiccola C, Dallavalle GM, Darling C, Jong S, Pozo LA, Deng H, Dittmar M, Dixit MS, Couto e Silva E, Duboscq JE, Duchovni E, Duckeck G, Duerdoth IP, Dumas DJP, Elcombe PA, Estabrooks PG, Etzion E, Evans HG, Fabbri F, Fabbro B, Fierro M, Fincke-Keeler M, Fischer HM, Folman R, Fong DG, Foucher M, Fukui H, F�rtjes A, Gaidot A, Gary JW, Gascon J, Geddes NI, Geich-Gimbel C, Gensler SW, Gentit FX, Geralis T, Giacomelli G, Giacomelli P, Giacomelli R, Gibson V, Gibson WR, Gillies JD, Goldberg J, Gingrich DM, Goodrick MJ, Gorn W, Grandi C, Grant FC, Hagemann J, Hanson GG, Hansroul M, Hargrove CK, narrison PF, Hart J, Hart PA, Hattersley PM, Hauschild M, Hawkes CM, Heflin E, Hemingway RJ, Herten G, Heuer RD, Hill JC, Hillier SJ, Hilse T, Hinshaw DA, Hobson PR, Hochman D, Homer RJ, Honma AK, Hughes-Jones RE, Humbert R, Igo-Kemenes P, Ihssen H, Imrie DC, Jawahery A, Jeffreys PW, Jeremie H, Jimack M, Jones M, Jones RWL, Jovanovic P, Jui C, Karlen D, Kawagoe K, Kawamoto T, Keeler RK, Kellogg RG, Kennedy BW, King J, Kluth S, Kobayashi T, Kobel M, Koetke DS, Kokott TP, Komamiya S, Kowalewski R, Howard R, Krogh J, Kroll J, Kyberd P, Lafferty GD, Lafoux H, Lahmann R, Lauber J, Layter JG, Leblanc P, Du P, Lee AM, Lefebvre E, Lehto MH, Lellouch D, Leroy C, Letts J, Levinson L, Li Z, Lloyd SL, Loebinger FK, Long GD, Lorazo B, Losty MJ, Lou XC, Ludwig J, Luig A, Mannelli M, Marcellini S, Markus C, Martin AJ, Martin JP, Mashimo T, M�ttig P, Maur U, McKenna J, McMahon TJ, McNutt JR, Meijers F, Merritt FS, Mes H, Michelini A, Middleton RP, Mikenberg G, Mildenberger J, Miller DJ, Mir R, Mohr W, Moisan C, Montanari A, Mori T, Morii M, M�ller U, Nellen B, Nguyen HH, O'Neale SW, Oakham FG, Odorici F, Ogren HO, Oram CJ, Oreglia MJ, Orito S, Pansart JP, Paschievici P, Patrick GN, Pearce MJ, Pfister P, Pilcher JE, Pinfold J, Pitman D, Plane DE, Poffenberger P, Poli B, Pritchard TW, Przysiezniak H, Quast G, Redmond MW, Rees DL, Richards GE, Rison M, Robins SA, Robinson D, Rollnik A, Roney JM, Ros E, Rossberg S, Rossi AM, Rosvick M, Routenburg P, Runge K, Runolfsson O, Rust DR, Sasaki M, Sbarra C, Schaile AD, Schaile O, Scharf F, Scharff-Hansen P, Schenk P, Schmitt B, Schmitt H, Schr�der M, Schultz-Coulon HC, Sch�tz P, Schulz M, Schwick C, Schwiening J, Scott WG, Settles M, Shears TG, Shen BC, Shepherd-Themistocleous CH, Sherwood P, Siroli GP, Skillman A, Skuja A, Smith AM, Smith TJ, Snow GA, Sobie R, Springer RW, Sproston M, Stahl A, Stegmann C, Stephens K, Steuerer J, Str�hmer R, Strom D, Takeda H, Tarem S, Tecchio M, Teixeira-Dias P, Tesch N, Thomson MA, Torrente-Lujan E, Towers S, Tresilian NJ, Tsukamoto T, Turner MF, plas D, Kooten R, VanDalen GJ, Vasseur G, Vincter M, Wagner A, Wagner DL, Wahl C, Ward CP, Ward DR, Ward JJ, Watkins PM, Watson AT, Watson NK, Weber P, Wells PS, Wermes N, Wilkens B, Wilson GW, Wilson JA, Winterer VH, Wlodek T, Wolf G, Wotton S, Wyatt TR, Yaari R, Yeaman A, Yekutieli G, Yurko M, Zeuner W, Zorn GT. QCD studies using a cone-based jet finding algorithm fore + e ? collisons at LEP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01411011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Miethke T, Wahl C, Holzmann B, Heeg K, Wagner H. Bacterial superantigens induce rapid and T cell receptor V beta-selective down-regulation of L-selectin (gp90Mel-14) in vivo. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.151.12.6777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Upon challenge of mice with bacterial superantigens such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B, several facets of TCR V beta-selective acute T-cell alterations can be observed, which include acute T cell priming, and systemic lymphokine release followed by ligand-specific unresponsiveness. Prompted by experiments showing that stimulation of T cells by phorbol esters in vitro results in rapid shedding of the L-selectin homing receptor, we investigated the expression of adhesion molecules on superantigen-responsive T cells in vivo. Here we show that bacterial superantigens cause TCR V beta-specific loss of L-selectin. Down-regulation of L-selectin was selective, since the expression of other lymphocyte surface receptors was not changed. L-Selectin down-regulation represents a superantigen-induced immediate cell surface alteration and was not observed on T cells stimulated by TCR-specific antibodies. Loss of expression was almost complete within 30 min, and recovered 50 h after challenge. The results suggest that acute loss of L-selectin is a hallmark of T cell activation by bacterial superantigens that may result in profound changes of T lymphocyte recirculation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of München, Germany
| | - C Wahl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of München, Germany
| | - B Holzmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of München, Germany
| | - K Heeg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of München, Germany
| | - H Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of München, Germany
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Miethke T, Wahl C, Holzmann B, Heeg K, Wagner H. Bacterial superantigens induce rapid and T cell receptor V beta-selective down-regulation of L-selectin (gp90Mel-14) in vivo. J Immunol 1993; 151:6777-82. [PMID: 7505015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Upon challenge of mice with bacterial superantigens such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B, several facets of TCR V beta-selective acute T-cell alterations can be observed, which include acute T cell priming, and systemic lymphokine release followed by ligand-specific unresponsiveness. Prompted by experiments showing that stimulation of T cells by phorbol esters in vitro results in rapid shedding of the L-selectin homing receptor, we investigated the expression of adhesion molecules on superantigen-responsive T cells in vivo. Here we show that bacterial superantigens cause TCR V beta-specific loss of L-selectin. Down-regulation of L-selectin was selective, since the expression of other lymphocyte surface receptors was not changed. L-Selectin down-regulation represents a superantigen-induced immediate cell surface alteration and was not observed on T cells stimulated by TCR-specific antibodies. Loss of expression was almost complete within 30 min, and recovered 50 h after challenge. The results suggest that acute loss of L-selectin is a hallmark of T cell activation by bacterial superantigens that may result in profound changes of T lymphocyte recirculation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of München, Germany
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Abstract
Treatment of animals with superantigens results in profound immunological changes. A major fraction of all peripheral T cells becomes activated in vivo. Subsequently, successive waves of cytokines are produced with TNF playing a central pathophysiologic role. In addition, if the liver is damaged by an as yet poor defined mechanism the consequences of the cytokine syndrome are life threatening. However, TNF alone is not sufficient to cause death, instead synergizing interactions with cytokines like IL-1, IL-6, and IFN-gamma are probably involved. On the other hand, certain experimental conditions prevent these waves of cytokines and consequently lethal shock. Furthermore, a significant fraction of SA reactive T cells are deleted by programmed cell death 10 to 24 hours after treatment. Thereafter the surviving cells proliferate vigorously until day 2 or 3, followed by a second wave of apoptosis resulting in reduced SA reactive T cell numbers as compared to pretreatment levels. Of course, many aspects of the complicated events are only marginally understood and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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Miethke T, Duschek K, Wahl C, Heeg K, Wagner H. Pathogenesis of the toxic shock syndrome: T cell mediated lethal shock caused by the superantigen TSST-1. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:1494-500. [PMID: 8325325 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830230715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is only incompletely understood. We now present evidence that TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1), one of the superantigens produced by Staphylococcus aureus, induces lethal shock in D-galactosamine sensitized mice. In this model TSS is dependent on T cells, since cyclosporin A (CsA) completely blocked development of shock, and since T cell-deficient SCID mice did not show signs of disease upon injection with TSST-1. However, SCID mice repopulated with T cells succumbed to lethal shock. The disease is characterized by a burst of lymphokines like interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) released into the sera of TSST-1-treated animals. Already 1-2 h after TSST-1 application TNF serum levels peaked and IL-2 levels peaked around 4 h after treatment. TNF appears as key mediator of TSS, because anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies protected TSST-1-challenged mice. Interestingly, the burst of TNF in serum was noted well in advance of detectable markers of T cell activation. Thus, about 5% of all peripheral T cells started to express the IL-2 receptors as late as 4 h after treatment. Comparing TSST-1- and endotoxin-induced shock we conclude that TNF effects shock in both diseases. However, the type of cells involved appears distinct in that T cells cause TSS triggered by the exotosin TSST-1 while macrophages mediate the shock induced by endotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Technical University of Munich, FRG
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Miethke T, Wahl C, Heeg K, Wagner H. Acquired resistance to superantigen-induced T cell shock. V beta selective T cell unresponsiveness unfolds directly from a transient state of hyperreactivity. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.150.9.3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
TCR V beta selective T cell activation and systemic release of T cell-derived lymphokines causing lethal shock in D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-sensitized mice depicts only one facet of in vivo challenge with the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). An immediate second major aspect represents the induction of peripheral unresponsiveness in SEB-reactive V beta 8+ T cells. SEB causes in vivo within 4 h resistance to an otherwise lethal challenge with SEB plus D-Gal, as well as to a challenge with the heterologous ligand toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 plus D-Gal. Contrary to the first challenge, no serum-borne IL-2 and TNF are discernible during the second challenge. On the other hand, kinetic analyses in vitro of LN cells draining the site of the first in vivo challenge indicate that SEB-reactive T cells develop via a transient state of hyperreactivity into a profound state of ligand-specific unresponsiveness. Yet unresponsive V beta 8+ T cells express IL-2R and are responsive to the growth-promoting effect of IL-2. Cyclosporin A does not impair sequential induction of hyperreactivity and unresponsiveness with concomitant IL-2R expression, but effectively blocks systemic IL-2 and TNF release during the initial hyperreactive phase. Taken together, the in vitro data imply that ligand-specific hyperreactivity followed immediately by ligand-specific unresponsiveness represents a hallmark of in vivo challenge with the superantigen SEB. The in vivo data suggest the existence of additional suppressive elements masking the ligand specificity of the state of unresponsiveness induced by SEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - C Wahl
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - K Heeg
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - H Wagner
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Germany
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Miethke T, Wahl C, Heeg K, Wagner H. Acquired resistance to superantigen-induced T cell shock. V beta selective T cell unresponsiveness unfolds directly from a transient state of hyperreactivity. J Immunol 1993; 150:3776-84. [PMID: 8473732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
TCR V beta selective T cell activation and systemic release of T cell-derived lymphokines causing lethal shock in D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-sensitized mice depicts only one facet of in vivo challenge with the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). An immediate second major aspect represents the induction of peripheral unresponsiveness in SEB-reactive V beta 8+ T cells. SEB causes in vivo within 4 h resistance to an otherwise lethal challenge with SEB plus D-Gal, as well as to a challenge with the heterologous ligand toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 plus D-Gal. Contrary to the first challenge, no serum-borne IL-2 and TNF are discernible during the second challenge. On the other hand, kinetic analyses in vitro of LN cells draining the site of the first in vivo challenge indicate that SEB-reactive T cells develop via a transient state of hyperreactivity into a profound state of ligand-specific unresponsiveness. Yet unresponsive V beta 8+ T cells express IL-2R and are responsive to the growth-promoting effect of IL-2. Cyclosporin A does not impair sequential induction of hyperreactivity and unresponsiveness with concomitant IL-2R expression, but effectively blocks systemic IL-2 and TNF release during the initial hyperreactive phase. Taken together, the in vitro data imply that ligand-specific hyperreactivity followed immediately by ligand-specific unresponsiveness represents a hallmark of in vivo challenge with the superantigen SEB. The in vivo data suggest the existence of additional suppressive elements masking the ligand specificity of the state of unresponsiveness induced by SEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Germany
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Abstract
To date clonal deletion of peripheral mature T cells is restricted to in vivo model systems characterized by prolonged exposure of mice to antigens and clonal T cell expansion preceding clonal deletion. Here we describe that upon challenge of mice with the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B two immediate events become imposed on ligand-reactive V beta 8+ T cells in lymph node cells draining the local site of injection. First, and within hours V beta selective clonal deletion is initiated via an apoptotic process. Second, the remaining V beta 8+ T cells first develop a profound state of ligand-specific unresponsiveness and subsequently initiate clonal in vivo growth. It is suggested that the dichotomy of events observed reflects a direct consequence of T cell receptor occupancy in the context of inappropriate signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wahl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, FRG
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Miethke T, Wahl C, Heeg K, Echtenacher B, Krammer PH, Wagner H. T cell-mediated lethal shock triggered in mice by the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B: critical role of tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med 1992; 175:91-8. [PMID: 1730929 PMCID: PMC2119077 DOI: 10.1084/jem.175.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Because mice are more resistant than humans to the pathogenic effects of bacterial toxins, we used D-Galactosamine- (D-Gal) sensitized mice as a model system to evaluate potential toxic shock symptoms triggered by the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). We show that similar to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) [LPS], the exotoxin SEB causes lethal shock within 8 h in D-Gal-sensitized mice, inducing 100% and about 50% lethality with 20 and 2 micrograms SEB, respectively. The lethal shock triggered by the superantigen SEB is mediated by T cells, a conclusion based on the observation that T cell repopulation of SCID mice conferred sensitivity to SEB. Since CSA also conferred protection, the role of T cell-derived lymphokines in mediating lethal shock was evaluated. Within 30-60 min after SEB injection, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels peaked, followed immediately by interleukin-2 (IL-2). Serum-borne lymphokines were detected well in advance of signs of T cell activation, as assessed by IL-2 receptor expression of SEB-reactive V beta 8+ T cells. Passive immunization with anti-TNF-alpha/beta-neutralizing monoclonal antibody also conferred protection, indicating that it is TNF which is critical for initiating toxic shock symptoms. Taken together, this study defines basic differences between endotoxin (LPS)- and exotoxin (SEB)-mediated lethal shock, in that the former is mediated by macrophages and the latter by T cells. Yet the pathogenesis distal to the lymphokine/cytokine-producing cells appears surprisingly similar in that TNF represents a key mediator in inducing shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technischen, Universität Munich, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, FRG
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Miethke T, Heeg K, Wahl C, Wagner H. Crosslinked staphylococcal enterotoxin B stimulates CD8+ T cells only in the presence of unlinked costimulator signals. Immunobiology 1991; 183:433-50. [PMID: 1786991 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(11)80527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) binds to class II MHC expressing cells and subsequently causes selective activation of T cells carrying appropriate T cell receptor (TCR) V beta chains. Apparently SEB acts as a bifunctional molecule by bridging class II MHC structures with the appropriate TCR-V beta chains. This assumption predicts that immobilized SEB ought to stimulate purified, class II MHC negative murine T cells. We show here that immobilized SEB lacks the ability to trigger murine CD8 T cells. Responsiveness obtained at a high T cell concentration is due to contaminating class II MHC-positive lymphocytes. Complementation of the culture system with syngeneic irradiated B cells blasts effectively restores responsiveness. The proliferating cells exhibit SEB specific cytotoxicity and a bias for V beta 8 expression. Since no evidence for leakiness of SEB covalently bound to sephadex beads was obtained, the data imply that immobilized SEB in fact binds to the TCR of T cells expressing the appropriate V beta chains. However, for primary activation additional costimulatory signals are required which can be provided in an unlinked fashion by activated B cells. Resting B cells are activated by immobilized SEB to cells expressing high costimulator activity. As such, the data point out a third function of SEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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Akrawy MZ, Alexander G, Allison J, Allport PP, Anderson KJ, Armitage JC, Arnison GTJ, Ashton P, Azuelos G, Baines JTM, Ball AH, Banks J, Barker GJ, Barlow RJ, Batley JR, Beck A, Becker J, Behnke T, Bell KW, Bella G, Bethke S, Biebel O, Binder U, Bloodworth IJ, Bock P, Breuker H, Brown RM, Brun R, Buijs A, Burckhart HJ, Capiluppi P, Carnegie RK, Carter AA, Carter JR, Chang CY, Charlton DG, Chrin JTM, Clarke PEL, Cohen I, Collins WJ, Conboy JE, Couch M, Coupland M, Cuffiani M, Dado S, Dallavalle GM, Debu P, Deninno MM, Dieckmann A, Dittmar M, Dixit MS, Duchovni E, Duerdoth IP, Dumas DJP, Elcombe PA, Estabrooks PG, Etzion E, Fabbri F, Farthouat P, Fischer HM, Fong DG, French MT, Fukunaga C, Gaidot A, Ganel O, Gary JW, Gascon J, Geddes NI, Gee CNP, Geich-Gimbel C, Gensler SW, Gentit FX, Giacomelli G, Gibson V, Gibson WR, Gillies JD, Goldberg J, Goodrick MJ, Gorn W, Granite D, Gross E, Grunhaus J, Hagedorn H, Hagemann J, Hansroul M, Hargrove CK, Harrus I, Hart J, Hattersley PM, Hauschild M, Hawkes CM, Heflin E, Hemingway RJ, Heuer RD, Hill JC, Hillier SJ, Ho C, Hobbs JD, Hobson PR, Hochman D, Holl B, Homer RJ, Hou SR, Howarth CP, Hughes-Jones RE, Humbert R, Igo-Kemenes P, Ihssen H, Imrie DC, Janissen L, Jawahery A, Jeffreys PW, Jeremie H, Jimack M, Jobes M, Jones RWL, Jovanovic P, Karlen D, Kawagoe K, Kawamoto T, Kellogg RG, Kennedy BW, Kleinwort C, Klem DE, Knop G, Kobayashi T, Kokott TP, K�pke L, Kowalewski R, Kreutzmann H, Kroll J, Kuwano M, Kyberd P, Lafferty GD, Lamarche F, Larson WJ, Layter JG, Du P, Leblanc P, Lee AM, Lehto MH, Lellouch D, Lennert P, Lessard L, Levinson L, Lloyd SL, Loebinger FK, Lorah JM, Lorazo B, Losty MJ, Ludwig J, Ma J, Macbeth AA, Mannelli M, Marcellini S, Maringer G, Martin AJ, Martin JP, Mashimo T, M�ttig P, Maur U, McMahon TJ, McNutt JR, Meijers F, Menszner D, Merritt FS, Mes H, Michelini A, Middleton RP, Mikenberg G, Mildenberger J, Miller DJ, Milstene C, Minowa M, Mohr W, Montanari A, Mori T, Moss MW, Murphy PG, Murray WJ, Nellen B, Nguyen HH, Nozaki M, O'Dowd AJP, O'Neale SW, O'Neill BP, Oakham FG, Odorici F, Ogg M, Oh H, Oreglia MJ, Orito S, Pansart JP, Patrick GN, Pawley SJ, Pfister P, Pilcher JE, Pinfold JL, Plane DE, Poli B, Pouladdej A, Prebys E, Pritchard TW, Quast G, Raab J, Redmond MW, Rees DL, Regimbald M, Riles K, Roach CM, Robins SA, Rollnik A, Roney JM, Rossberg S, Rossi AM, Routenburg P, Runge K, Runolfsson O, Sanghera S, Sansum RA, Sasaki M, Saunders BJ, Schaile AD, Schaile O, Schappert W, Scharff-Hansen P, Schreiber S, Schwarz J, Shapira A, Shen BC, Sherwood P, Simon A, Singh P, Siroli GP, Skuja A, Smith AM, Smith TJ, Snow GA, Springer RW, Sproston M, Stephens K, Stier HE, Stroehmer R, Strom D, Takeda H, Takeshita T, Taras P, Thackray NJ, Tsukamoto T, Turner MF, Tysarczyk-Niemeyer G, plas D, VanDalen GJ, Vasseur G, Virtue CJ, Schmitt H, Krogh J, Wagner A, Wahl C, Walker JP, Ward CP, Ward DR, Watkins PM, Watson AT, Watson NK, Weber M, Weisz S, Wells PS, Wermes N, Weymann M, Wilson GW, Wilson JA, Wingerter I, Winterer VH, Wood NC, Wotton S, Wuensch B, Wyatt TR, Yaari R, Yang Y, Yekutieli G, Yoshida T, Zeuner W, Zorn GT. A study of the recombination scheme dependence of jet production rates and of ? s ( $$M_{Z^0 } $$ ) in hadronicZ 0 decays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01549689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Alexander G, Allison J, Allport PP, Anderson KJ, Arcelli S, Armitage JC, Ashton P, Astbury A, Axen D, Azuelos G, Bahan GA, Baines JTM, Ball AH, Banks J, Barker GJ, Barlow RJ, Batley JR, Beaudoin G, Beck A, Becker J, Behnke T, Bell KW, Bella G, Bethke S, Biebel O, Binder U, Bloodworth IJ, Bock P, Bosch HM, Bougerolle S, Brabson BB, Breuker H, Brown RM, Brun R, Buijs A, Burckhart HJ, Capiluppi P, Carnegie RK, Carter AA, Carter JR, Chang CY, Charlton DG, Chrin JTM, Clarke PEL, Cohen I, Collins WJ, Conboy JE, Cooper M, Couch M, Coupland M, Cuffiani M, Dado S, Dallavalle GM, Jong S, Debu P, Deninno MM, Dieckmann A, Dittmar M, Dixit MS, Duchovni E, Duckeck G, Duerdoth IP, Dumas DJP, Eckerlin G, Elcombe PA, Estabrooks PG, Etzion E, Fabbri F, Fincke-Keeler M, Fischer HM, Fong DG, Fukunaga C, Gaidot A, Ganel O, Gary JW, Gascon J, McGowan RF, Geddes NI, Geich-Gimbel C, Gensler SW, Gentit FX, Giacomelli G, Gibson V, Gibson WR, Gillies JD, Goldberg J, Goodrick MJ, Gorn W, Grandi C, Gross E, Hagemann J, Hanson GG, Hansroul M, Hargrove CK, Harrison PF, Hart J, Hattersley PM, Hauschild M, Hawkes CM, Heflin E, Hemingway RJ, Heuer RD, Hill JC, Hillier SJ, Hinshaw DA, Ho C, Hobbs JD, Hobson PR, Hochman D, Holl B, Homer RJ, Hou SR, Howarth CP, Hughes-Jones RE, Humbert R, Igo-Kemenes P, Ihssen H, Imrie DC, Janissen L, Jawahery A, Jeffreys PW, Jeremie H, Jimack M, Jobes M, Jones RWL, Jovanovic P, Karlen D, Kawagoe K, Kawamoto T, Keeler RK, Kellogg RG, Kennedy BW, Kleinwort C, Klem DE, Kobayashi T, Kokott TP, Komamiya S, Köpke L, Kowalewski R, Kreutzmann H, Krogh J, Kroll J, Kuwano M, Kyberd P, Lafferty GD, Lamarche F, Larson WJ, Layter JG, Du P, Leblanc P, Lee AM, Lehto MH, Lellouch D, Lennert P, Leroy C, Lessard L, Levegrün S, Levinson L, Lloyd SL, Loebinger FK, Lorah JM, Lorazo B, Losty MJ, Lou XC, Ludwig J, Mannelli M, Marcellini S, Maringer G, Martin AJ, Martin JP, Mashimo T, Mättig P, Maur U, McMahon TJ, McNutt JR, Meijers F, Menszner D, Merritt FS, Mes H, Michelini A, Middleton RP, Mikenberg G, Mildenberger J, Miller DJ, Milstene C, Mir R, Mohr W, Moisan C, Montanari A, Mori T, Moss MW, Mouthuy T, Murphy PG, Nellen B, Nguyen HH, Nozaki M, O'Neale SW, O'Neill BP, Oakham FG, Odorici F, Ogg M, Ogren HO, Oh H, Oram CJ, Oreglia MJ, Orito S, Pansart JP, Panzer-Steindel B, Paschievici P, Patrick GN, Pawley SJ, Pfister P, Pilcher JE, Pinfold JL, Plane DE, Poffenberger P, Poli B, Pouladdej A, Prebys E, Pritchard TW, Przysiezniak H, Quast G, Redmond MW, Rees DL, Riles K, Robins SA, Robinson D, Rollnik A, Roney JM, Rossberg S, Rossi AM, Routenburg P, Runge K, Runolfsson O, Rust DR, Sanghera S, Sasaki M, Schaile AD, Schaile O, Schappert W, Scharff-Hansen P, Schenk P, Schmitt H, Schreiber S, Schwarz J, Scott WG, Settles M, Shen BC, Sherwood P, Shypit R, Simon A, Singh P, Siroli GP, Skuja A, Smith AM, Smith TJ, Snow GA, Sobie R, Springer RW, Sproston M, Stephens K, Stier HE, Strom D, Takeda H, Takeshita T, Taras P, Tarem S, Teixeira-Dias P, Thackray NJ, Tsukamoto T, Turner MF, Tysarczyk-Niemeyer G, plas D, Kooten R, Dalen GJ, Vasseur G, Virtue CJ, Wagner A, Wahl C, Walker JP, Ward CP, Ward DR, Watkins PM, Watson AT, Watson NK, Weber M, Weisz S, Wells PS, Wermes N, Weymann M, Whalley MA, Wilson GW, Wilson JA, Wingerter I, Winterer VH, Wood NC, Wotton S, Wyatt TR, Yaari R, Yangh Y, Yekutieli G, Zacharov I, Zeuner W, Zorn GT. Measurement of theZ 0 line shape parameters and the electroweak couplings of charged leptons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01560437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Heeg K, Miethke T, Bader P, Bendigs S, Wahl C, Wagner H. CD4/CD8 coreceptor-independent costimulator-dependent triggering of SEB-reactive murine T cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1991; 174:93-106. [PMID: 1802620 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-50998-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Heeg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, FRG
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Akrawy MZ, Alexander G, Allison J, Allport PP, Anderson KJ, Armitage JC, Arnison GTJ, Ashton P, Azuelos G, Baines JTM, Ball AH, Banks J, Barker GJ, Barlow RJ, Batley JR, Becker J, Behnke T, Bell KW, Bella G, Bethke S, Biebel O, Binder U, Bloodworth LJ, Bock P, Breuker H, Brown RM, Brun R, Buijs A, Burckhart HJ, Capiluppi P, Carnegie RK, Carter AA, Carter JR, Chang CY, Charlton DG, Chrin JTM, Cohen I, Collins WJ, Conboy JE, Couch M, Coupland M, Cuffiani M, Dado S, Dallavalle GM, Debu P, Deninno MM, Dieckmann A, Dittmar M, Dixit MS, Duchovni E, Duerdoth IP, Dumas D, Mamouni H, Elcombe PA, Estabrooks PG, Etzion E, Fabbri F, Farthouat P, Fischer HM, Fong DG, French MT, Fukunaga C, Gaidot A, Ganel O, Gary JW, Gascon J, Geddes NI, Gee CNP, Geich-Gimbel C, Gensler SW, Gentit FX, Giacomelli G, Gibson V, Gibson WR, Gillies JD, Goldberg J, Goodrick MJ, Gorn W, Granite D, Gross E, Grosse-Wiesmann P, Grunhaus J, Hagedorn H, Hagemann J, Hansroul M, Hargrove CK, Hart J, Hattersley PM, Hauschild M, Hawkes CM, Heflin E, Hemingway RJ, Heuer RD, Hill JC, Hillier SJ, Ho C, Hobbs JD, Hobson PR, Hochman D, Holl B, Homer RJ, Hou SR, Howarth CP, Hughes-Jones RE, Igo-Kemenes P, Ihssen H, Imrie DC, Jawahery A, Jeffreys PW, Jeremie H, Jimack M, Jobes M, Jones RWL, Jovanovic P, Karlen D, Kawagoe K, Kawamoto T, Kellogg RG, Kennedy BW, Kleinwort C, Klem DE, Knop G, Kobayashi T, Kokott TP, K�pke L, Kowalewski R, Kreutzmann H, Krogh J, Kroll J, Kuwano M, Kyberd P, Lafferty GD, Lamarche F, Larson WJ, Lasota MMB, Layter JG, Du P, Leblanc P, Lee AM, Lellouch D, Lennert P, Lessard L, Levinson L, Lloyd SL, Loebinger FK, Lorah JM, Lorazo B, Losty MJ, Ludwig J, Lupu N, Ma J, Macbeth AA, Mannelli M, Marcellini S, Maringer G, Martin AJ, Martin JP, Mashimo T, M�ttig P, Maur U, McMahon TJ, McPherson AC, Meijers F, Menszner D, Merritt FS, Mes H, Michelini A, Middleton RP, Mikenberg G, Miller DJ, Milstene C, Minowa M, Mohr W, Montanari A, Mori T, Moss MW, Murphy PG, Murray WJ, Nellen B, Nguyen HH, Nozaki M, O'Dowd AJP, O'Neale SW, O'Neill BP, Oakham FG, Odorici F, Ogg M, Oh H, Oreglia MJ, Orito S, Pansart JP, Patrick GN, Pawley SJ, Pfister P, Pilcher JE, Pinfold JL, Plane DE, Poli B, Pouladdej A, Pritchard PW, Quast G, Raab J, Redmond MW, Rees DL, Regimbald M, Riles K, Roach CM, Robins SA, Rollnik A, Roney JM, Rossberg S, Rossi AM, Routenburg P, Runge K, Runolfsson O, Sanghera S, Sansum RA, Sasaki M, Saunders BJ, Schaile AD, Schaile O, Schappert W, Scharff-Hansen P, Schmitt H, Schreiber S, Schwarz J, Shapira A, Shen BC, Sherwood P, Simon A, Siroli GP, Skuja A, Smith AM, Smith TJ, Snow GA, Spreadbury EJ, Springer RW, Sproston M, Stephens K, Stier HE, Str�hmer R, Strom D, Takeda H, Takeshita T, Tsukamoto T, Turner MF, Tysarczyk-Niemeyer G, plas D, VanDalen GJ, Vasseur G, Virtue CJ, Wagner A, Wahl C, Ward CP, Ward DR, Waterhouse J, Watkins PM, Watson AT, Watson NK, Weber M, Weisz S, Wermes N, Weymann M, Wilson GW, Wilson JA, Wingerter I, Winterer VH, Wood NC, Wotton S, Wuensch B, Wyatt TR, Yaari R, Yang Y, Yekutieli G, Yoshida T, Zeuner W, Zorn GT. A measurement of global event shape distributions in the hadronic decays of theZ 0. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01552315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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