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Hamilton RG, Holbreich M, Bronzert C, Anderson RL, Schoettler N, Ober C. Screening asthmatics for atopic status using the ALergy EXplorer (ALEX 2) macroarray. J Asthma 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38415683 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2324839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening asthma patients for atopy facilitates management. Since 2010, the core biomarker for screening asthma subjects for atopic status has been the qualitative Phadiatop. multi-aeroallergen screen. A more quantitative macroarray, the Allergy Explorer (ALEX2), shows promise as an alternative. OBJECTIVE The study's goal was to examine the pros and cons of the use of ALEX2 in the screening of asthma patients for atopic status. METHODS We evaluated the atopic (IgE-sensitization) status in asthmatic Amish and Hutterite farm children using the ImmunoCAP and ALEX2 assays in Phadiatop equivocal and positive subjects. RESULTS All 42 asthmatic children were analyzed by Phadiatop and total serum IgE. Of these, 22 had a negative Phadiatop (<0.1 kUa/L) and total IgE <100 kU/L which defined them as non-atopic and they were excluded from ALEX2 testing. Of six children with equivocal Phadiatops (0.1-0.2 kUa/L-Group 1) and three children with a negative Phadiatop but total IgE >100 kUa/L (group 3), 44% (n = 4) had detectable IgE antibody by ALEX2 to mite, tree pollen, and other allergens not detected by Phadiatop, but confirmed by allergen-specific ImmunoCAP testing. In 11 Phadiatop positive subjects (>0.2 kUa/L-group 2), all but one were positive by ALEX2. IgE antibody specific for mold and rabbit aeroallergens matched their agricultural and pet exposure history. Three children were positive for IgE antibody to allergens in the profilin, nsLTP, or PR-10 cross-reactive protein families. CONCLUSION Judicious use of ALEX2's enhanced specificity data not provided by the Phadiatop can aid in the interpretation of sensitization patterns and planning management of atopic asthmatics, but sensitization relevance must be confirmed by the patient's clinical history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Hamilton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Charles Bronzert
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca L Anderson
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hadiwinarta C, Blank A, Somers J, Schal C, Bronzert C, Sharma K, Strader MB, Hamilton RG, Slater JE. Vitellin/Vitellogenin Is an Important Allergen in German Cockroach. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:460-465. [PMID: 38253039 DOI: 10.1159/000535935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION German cockroach (GCr) aeroallergens are associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellin (Vn) are abundant proteins in GCr blood and eggs (including egg cases), respectively, and are possible high molecular mass allergens. Prior efforts to purify Vg/Vn yielded amounts too small for subsequent studies. In this study, we report the affinity purification of Vg/Vn from whole-body defatted GCr powder and determination of the binding of Vg/Vn to anti-GCr IgE. METHOD New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with pure Vg/Vn in Freund's adjuvant, and IgG was purified from the rabbit sera and conjugated to cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-activated Sepharose. Aqueous extracts from GCr powder were passed over the column. After extensive washing, putative Vg/Vn was eluted in low-pH buffer, neutralized, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). IgE binding of Vg/Vn was evaluated by inhibition of IgE binding to GCr-ImmunoCAP(I6) in sera from 10 GCr-allergic individuals. In addition, Vg/Vn was biotinylated and bound to ImmunoCAP-streptavidin, and direct IgE antibody binding to the immobilized Vg/Vn was determined in sera from 26 GCr-allergic individuals. RESULTS Vg/Vn isolated by affinity chromatography was 91% pure by LC-HRMS; contaminants included Bla g 3 (0.9%), human keratin (6%), and rabbit IgG. Vg/Vn inhibited IgE binding to GCr-ImmunoCAP(I6) in 8 of 10 sera. In direct-binding experiments, 21/26 (80%) sera had anti-Vg/Vn IgE at >0.10 kUA/L, while 11/26 (42%) sera were >0.35 kUA/L. CONCLUSIONS We affinity-purified Vg/Vn and demonstrated that Vg/Vn-specific IgE antibody is a major component of GCr-specific IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hadiwinarta
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Blank
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua Somers
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles Bronzert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael B Strader
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay E Slater
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Thames AH, Rische CH, Cao Y, Krier-Burris RA, Kuang FL, Hamilton RG, Bronzert C, Bochner BS, Jewett MC. A Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Platform to Produce a Clinically Relevant Allergen Panel. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2252-2261. [PMID: 37553068 PMCID: PMC10768853 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Allergens are used in the clinical diagnosis (e.g., skin tests) and treatment (e.g., immunotherapy) of allergic diseases. With growing interest in molecular allergy diagnostics and precision therapies, new tools are needed for producing allergen-based reagents. As a step to address this need, we demonstrate a cell-free protein synthesis approach for allergen production of a clinically relevant allergen panel composed of common allergens spanning a wide range of phylogenetic kingdoms. We show that allergens produced with this approach can be recognized by allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), either monoclonals or in patient sera. We also show that a cell-free expressed allergen can activate human cells such as peripheral blood basophils and CD34+ progenitor-derived mast cells in an IgE-dependent manner. We anticipate that this cell-free platform for allergen production will enable diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, providing useful tools and treatments for both the allergist and allergic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Helms Thames
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Clayton H Rische
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Yun Cao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Rebecca A Krier-Burris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Fei Li Kuang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Charles Bronzert
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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