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Lypaczewski P, Chac D, Dunmire CN, Tandoc KM, Chowdhury F, Khan AI, Bhuiyan T, Harris JB, LaRocque RC, Calderwood SB, Ryan ET, Qadri F, Shapiro BJ, Weil AA. Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 through the human gastrointestinal tract during cholera. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.08.579476. [PMID: 38370713 PMCID: PMC10871328 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.08.579476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae O1 causes the diarrheal disease cholera, and the small intestine is the site of active infection. During cholera, cholera toxin is secreted from V. cholerae and induces a massive fluid influx into the small intestine, which causes vomiting and diarrhea. Typically, V. cholerae genomes are sequenced from bacteria passed in stool, but rarely from vomit, a fluid that may more closely represents the site of active infection. We hypothesized that the V. cholerae O1 population bottlenecks along the gastrointestinal tract would result in reduced genetic variation in stool compared to vomit. To test this, we sequenced V. cholerae genomes from ten cholera patients with paired vomit and stool samples. Genetic diversity was low in both vomit and stool, consistent with a single infecting population rather than co-infection with divergent V. cholerae O1 lineages. The number of single nucleotide variants decreased between vomit and stool in four patients, increased in two, and remained unchanged in four. The number of genes encoded in the V. cholerae genome decreased between vomit and stool in eight patients and increased in two. Pangenome analysis of assembled short-read sequencing demonstrated that the toxin-coregulated pilus operon more frequently contained deletions in genomes from vomit compared to stool. However, these deletions were not detected by PCR or long-read sequencing, indicating that interpreting gene presence or absence patterns from short-read data alone may be incomplete. Overall, we found that V. cholerae O1 isolated from stool is genetically similar to V. cholerae recovered from the upper intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lypaczewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Denise Chac
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Fahima Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashraful I. Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taufiqur Bhuiyan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jason B. Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Division of Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regina C. LaRocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen B. Calderwood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - B. Jesse Shapiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana A. Weil
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Dunmire CN, Chac D, Chowdhury F, Khan AI, Bhuiyan TR, LaRocque RC, Akter A, Amin MA, Ryan ET, Qadri F, Weil AA. Vibrio cholerae Isolation from Frozen Vomitus and Stool Samples. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0108422. [PMID: 36169311 PMCID: PMC9580352 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01084-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea N. Dunmire
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Denise Chac
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fahima Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashraful I. Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taufiqur R. Bhuiyan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Afroza Akter
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ashraful Amin
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ana A. Weil
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Barrassso K, Chac D, Debela MD, Geigel C, Steenhaut A, Rivera Seda A, Dunmire CN, Harris JB, Larocque RC, Midani FS, Qadri F, Yan J, Weil AA, Ng WL. Impact of a human gut microbe on Vibrio cholerae host colonization through biofilm enhancement. eLife 2022; 11:73010. [PMID: 35343438 PMCID: PMC8993218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the human intestinal microbiota could impact the outcome of infection by Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of the diarrheal disease cholera. A commensal bacterium, Paracoccus aminovorans, was previously identified in high abundance in stool collected from individuals infected with V. cholerae when compared to stool from uninfected persons. However, if and how P. aminovorans interacts with V. cholerae has not been experimentally determined; moreover, whether any association between this bacterium alters the behaviors of V. cholerae to affect the disease outcome is unclear. Here, we show that P. aminovorans and V. cholerae together form dual-species biofilm structure at the air–liquid interface, with previously uncharacterized novel features. Importantly, the presence of P. aminovorans within the murine small intestine enhances V. cholerae colonization in the same niche that is dependent on the Vibrio exopolysaccharide and other major components of mature V. cholerae biofilm. These studies illustrate that multispecies biofilm formation is a plausible mechanism used by a gut microbe to increase the virulence of the pathogen, and this interaction may alter outcomes in enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Barrassso
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Seattle, United States
| | - Denise Chac
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Meti D Debela
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Catherine Geigel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Anjali Steenhaut
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Abigail Rivera Seda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Chelsea N Dunmire
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jason B Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Regina C Larocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Firas S Midani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | | | - Jing Yan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Ana A Weil
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Wai-Leung Ng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
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Chac D, Dunmire CN, Singh J, Weil AA. Update on Environmental and Host Factors Impacting the Risk of Vibrio cholerae Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1010-1019. [PMID: 33844507 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a diarrheal disease that kills tens of thousands of people each year. Cholera is transmitted primarily by the ingestion of drinking water contaminated with fecal matter, and a safe water supply remains out of reach in many areas of the world. In this Review, we discuss host and environmental factors that impact the susceptibility to V. cholerae infection and the severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Chac
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Chelsea N. Dunmire
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Jasneet Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Ana A. Weil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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