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Pignon JC, Grisanzio C, Carvo I, Werner L, Regan M, Wilson EL, Signoretti S. Cell kinetic studies fail to identify sequentially proliferating progenitors as the major source of epithelial renewal in the adult murine prostate. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128489. [PMID: 26024527 PMCID: PMC4449166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that stem cells and their progeny play a role in the development of the prostate. Although stem cells are also considered to give rise to differentiated progeny in the adult prostate epithelium ex vivo, the cohort of adult prostate stem cells in vivo as well as the mechanisms by which the adult prostate epithelium is maintained and regenerated remain highly controversial. We have attempted to resolve this conundrum by performing in vivo tracing of serially replicating cells after the sequential administration of two thymidine analogues to mice. Our results show that, during normal prostate homeostasis, sequentially proliferating cells are detected at a rate that is consistent with a stochastic process. These findings indicate that in vivo, under steady-state conditions, most adult prostate epithelial cells do not represent the progeny of a small number of specialized progenitors that generate sequentially replicating transit-amplifying (TA) cells but are formed by stochastic cell division. Similarly, no rapidly cycling TA cells were detected during regeneration following one cycle of androgen-mediated involution/regeneration of the prostate epithelium. These findings greatly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms regulating prostate epithelial cell renewal and may have significant implications in defining the cell of origin of proliferative prostatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Pignon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chiara Grisanzio
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ingrid Carvo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lillian Werner
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Meredith Regan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - E. Lynette Wilson
- Departments of Cell Biology and Urology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified common polymorphisms that are strongly associated with many traits, including cancer. A gene desert located on chromosome 8q24 is associated with multiple cancer types. One of the closest genes is the MYC proto-oncogene. Investigations are now turning toward a mechanistic understanding of these (and other) risk loci. Recent studies demonstrate that the 8q24 loci are enhancers and that they physically interact with MYC. A still unresolved issue is the absence of a consistent association between genotype status at the risk loci and steady-state MYC expression levels in adult human tissues. Clarifying the function of the 8q24 variants and their link to MYC regulation by further in vivo and in vitro functional studies will allow a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying human cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Grisanzio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Grisanzio C, Seeley A, Chang M, Collins M, Di Napoli A, Cheng SC, Percy A, Beroukhim R, Signoretti S. Orthotopic xenografts of RCC retain histological, immunophenotypic and genetic features of tumours in patients. J Pathol 2011; 225:212-21. [PMID: 21710693 DOI: 10.1002/path.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited responsiveness to existing treatments. In vivo models of human cancer, including RCC, are critical for developing more effective therapies. Unfortunately, current RCC models do not accurately represent relevant properties of the human disease. The goal of this study was to develop clinically relevant animal models of RCC for preclinical investigations. We transplanted intact human tumour tissue fragments orthotopically in immunodeficient mice. The xenografts were validated by comparing the morphological, phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the kidney tumour tissues before and after implantation. Twenty kidney tumours were transplanted into mice. Successful tumour growth was detected in 19 cases (95%). The histopathological and immunophenotypic features of the xenografts and those of the original tumours largely overlapped in all cases. Evaluation of genetic alterations in a subset of 10 cases demonstrated that the grafts largely retained the genetic features of the pre-implantation RCC tissues. Indeed, primary tumours and corresponding grafts displayed identical VHL mutations. Moreover, an identical pattern of DNA copy amplification or loss was observed in 6/10 cases (60%). In summary, orthotopic engrafting of RCC tissue fragments can be successfully used to generate animal models that closely resemble RCC in patients. These models will be invaluable for in vivo preclinical drug testing and for deeper understanding of kidney carcinogenesis. The raw data of the SNP array analysis has been submitted to the GEO database (Accession No. GSE29062).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Grisanzio
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Genega EM, Ghebremichael M, Najarian R, Fu Y, Wang Y, Argani P, Grisanzio C, Signoretti S. Carbonic anhydrase IX expression in renal neoplasms: correlation with tumor type and grade. Am J Clin Pathol 2010; 134:873-9. [PMID: 21088149 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpppr57hnjmslz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a hypoxia-induced protein, is expressed in some renal tumors. We evaluated its immunohistochemical expression in 317 primary and 42 metastatic renal neoplasms (186 clear cell, 52 papillary, 35 chromophobe, 47 unclassified, and 15 Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinomas [RCCs]; 26 oncocytomas; 2 metanephric adenomas; 1 urothelial carcinoma; 1 mixed epithelial and stromal tumor; and 1 angiomyolipoma); 7 neoplasms were unknown as to whether they were primary or metastatic. We also correlated expression with tumor type and grade. Variable staining was seen in clear cell, papillary, unclassified, and Xp11.2 translocation carcinomas. One chromophobe carcinoma had focal expression. No staining was seen with other tumors. An association was found between high expression and clear cell vs non-clear cell carcinomas with all cases (P < .01) and primary (P < .01) cases. An association between CAIX expression and grade (P < .01) in primary clear cell carcinomas was found. CAIX expression is more common in clear cell RCC than other renal tumor types and is associated with grade.
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Migita T, Ruiz S, Fornari A, Fiorentino M, Priolo C, Zadra G, Inazuka F, Grisanzio C, Palescandolo E, Shin E, Fiore C, Xie W, Kung AL, Febbo PG, Subramanian A, Mucci L, Ma J, Signoretti S, Stampfer M, Hahn WC, Finn S, Loda M. Fatty acid synthase: a metabolic enzyme and candidate oncogene in prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101:519-32. [PMID: 19318631 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djp030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of the fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene has been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. We sought to directly assess the oncogenic potential of FASN. METHODS We used immortalized human prostate epithelial cells (iPrECs), androgen receptor-overexpressing iPrECs (AR-iPrEC), and human prostate adenocarcinoma LNCaP cells that stably overexpressed FASN for cell proliferation assays, soft agar assays, and tests of tumor formation in immunodeficient mice. Transgenic mice expressing FASN in the prostate were generated to assess the effects of FASN on prostate histology. Apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst 33342 staining and by fluorescence-activated cell sorting in iPrEC-FASN cells treated with stimulators of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis (ie, camptothecin and anti-Fas antibody, respectively) or with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting FASN. FASN expression was compared with the apoptotic index assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated UTP end-labeling method in 745 human prostate cancer samples by using the least squares means procedure. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Forced expression of FASN in iPrECs, AR-iPrECs, and LNCaP cells increased cell proliferation and soft agar growth. iPrECs that expressed both FASN and androgen receptor (AR) formed invasive adenocarcinomas in immunodeficient mice (12 of 14 mice injected formed tumors vs 0 of 14 mice injected with AR-iPrEC expressing empty vector (P < .001, Fisher exact test); however, iPrECs that expressed only FASN did not. Transgenic expression of FASN in mice resulted in prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, the incidence of which increased from 10% in 8- to 16-week-old mice to 44% in mice aged 7 months or more (P = .0028, Fisher exact test), but not in invasive tumors. In LNCaP cells, siRNA-mediated silencing of FASN resulted in apoptosis. FASN overexpression protected iPrECs from apoptosis induced by camptothecin but did not protect iPrECs from Fas receptor-induced apoptosis. In human prostate cancer specimens, FASN expression was inversely associated with the apoptotic rate (mean percentage of apoptotic cells, lowest vs highest quartile of FASN expression: 2.76 vs 1.34, difference = 1.41, 95% confidence interval = 0.45 to 2.39, Ptrend = .0046). CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that FASN can act as a prostate cancer oncogene in the presence of AR and that FASN exerts its oncogenic effect by inhibiting the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Migita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Majumder PK, Grisanzio C, O’Connell F, Barry M, Brito JM, Xu Q, Guney I, Berger R, Herman P, Bikoff R, Fedele G, Baek WK, Wang S, Ellwood-Yen K, Wu H, Sawyers CL, Signoretti S, Hahn WC, Loda M, Sellers WR. A prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-dependent p27 Kip1 checkpoint induces senescence and inhibits cell proliferation and cancer progression. Cancer Cell 2008; 14:146-55. [PMID: 18691549 PMCID: PMC2583442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic expression of activated AKT1 in the murine prostate induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) that does not progress to invasive prostate cancer (CaP). In luminal epithelial cells of Akt-driven PIN, we show the concomitant induction of p27(Kip1) and senescence. Genetic ablation of p27(Kip1) led to downregulation of senescence markers and progression to cancer. In humans, p27(Kip1) and senescence markers were elevated in PIN not associated with CaP but were decreased or absent, respectively, in cancer-associated PIN and in CaP. Importantly, p27(Kip1) upregulation in mouse and human in situ lesions did not depend upon mTOR or Akt activation but was instead specifically associated with alterations in cell polarity, architecture, and adhesion molecules. These data suggest that a p27(Kip1)-driven checkpoint limits progression of PIN to CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K. Majumder
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Chiara Grisanzio
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Fionnuala O’Connell
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Marc Barry
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Joseph M. Brito
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Isil Guney
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Raanan Berger
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Paula Herman
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Rachel Bikoff
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Giuseppe Fedele
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Won-Ki Baek
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Shunyou Wang
- Departments Medicine and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, LA
| | - Katharine Ellwood-Yen
- Departments Medicine and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, LA
| | - Hong Wu
- Departments Medicine and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, LA
| | - Charles L. Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - William C. Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Board Institute of Harvard and MIT
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Board Institute of Harvard and MIT
- Correspondence William R. Sellers, MD, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, 4A/245, Cambridge, MA 02139, Phone: 617-871-7069, Fax: 617-871-3452, or Massimo Loda, MD, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA, E-mail:
| | - William R. Sellers
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Novartis Institutes For BioMedical Research, Cambridge
- Correspondence William R. Sellers, MD, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, 4A/245, Cambridge, MA 02139, Phone: 617-871-7069, Fax: 617-871-3452, or Massimo Loda, MD, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA, E-mail:
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7
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Majumder PK, Grisanzio C, O’Connell F, Barry M, Brito JM, Xu Q, Guney I, Berger R, Herman P, Bikoff R, Fedele G, Baek WK, Wang S, Ellwood-Yen K, Wu H, Sawyers CL, Signoretti S, Hahn WC, Loda M, Sellers WR. A prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-dependent p27 Kip1 checkpoint induces senescence and inhibits cell proliferation and cancer progression. Cancer Cell 2008; 14. [PMID: 18691549 PMCID: PMC2583442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.06.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic expression of activated AKT1 in the murine prostate induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) that does not progress to invasive prostate cancer (CaP). In luminal epithelial cells of Akt-driven PIN, we show the concomitant induction of p27(Kip1) and senescence. Genetic ablation of p27(Kip1) led to downregulation of senescence markers and progression to cancer. In humans, p27(Kip1) and senescence markers were elevated in PIN not associated with CaP but were decreased or absent, respectively, in cancer-associated PIN and in CaP. Importantly, p27(Kip1) upregulation in mouse and human in situ lesions did not depend upon mTOR or Akt activation but was instead specifically associated with alterations in cell polarity, architecture, and adhesion molecules. These data suggest that a p27(Kip1)-driven checkpoint limits progression of PIN to CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K. Majumder
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Chiara Grisanzio
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Fionnuala O’Connell
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Marc Barry
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Joseph M. Brito
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Isil Guney
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Raanan Berger
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Paula Herman
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Rachel Bikoff
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Giuseppe Fedele
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Won-Ki Baek
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Shunyou Wang
- Departments Medicine and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, LA
| | - Katharine Ellwood-Yen
- Departments Medicine and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, LA
| | - Hong Wu
- Departments Medicine and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, LA
| | - Charles L. Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - William C. Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Board Institute of Harvard and MIT
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Board Institute of Harvard and MIT
- Correspondence William R. Sellers, MD, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, 4A/245, Cambridge, MA 02139, Phone: 617-871-7069, Fax: 617-871-3452, or Massimo Loda, MD, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA, E-mail:
| | - William R. Sellers
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine, and Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Novartis Institutes For BioMedical Research, Cambridge
- Correspondence William R. Sellers, MD, Novartis Institutes For Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, 4A/245, Cambridge, MA 02139, Phone: 617-871-7069, Fax: 617-871-3452, or Massimo Loda, MD, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA, E-mail:
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8
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Abstract
The identification of stem cells and differentiation programs regulating the development and maintenance of the normal prostate epithelium is essential for the identification of the cell type(s) and molecular alterations involved in the development and propagation of prostate cancer (CaP). The p53-homologue p63 is highly expressed in normal prostate basal cells and is a clinically useful biomarker for the diagnosis of CaP. Importantly, p63 has been shown to play a critical role in prostate development. Recent experimental evidence also suggests that this gene is essential for normal stem cell function in the prostate as well as other epithelial organs. Future studies aimed at better defining the role of p63 in the renewal of the adult prostate epithelium are likely to shed new light on the mechanisms involved in prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Grisanzio
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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9
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Signoretti S, Pires MM, Lindauer M, Horner JW, Grisanzio C, Dhar S, Majumder P, McKeon F, Kantoff PW, Sellers WR, Loda M. p63 regulates commitment to the prostate cell lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11355-60. [PMID: 16051706 PMCID: PMC1183537 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500165102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying prostate and urothelial development remain unclear. This situation presents major limitations in identifying the cell type(s) and molecular events involved in the development of prostate and bladder cancer. It has been shown that mice lacking the basal cell marker p63 present several epithelial defects, including epidermis and prostate buds agenesis and urothelial abnormalities. Here, we use the p63-/- mouse as a tool to define cell lineages in the prostate epithelium and urothelium. By complementing p63-/- blastocysts with p63+/+ beta-galactosidase (beta-gal)-positive ES cells, we show that secretory cells of the prostate originate from p63-positive basal progenitor cells. Importantly, our urogenital sinus transplantation studies demonstrate that p63 prevents intestinal differentiation of the urogenital sinus endoderm and is therefore required to maintain commitment to the prostate cell lineage. Finally, in contrast with the prostate findings, analysis of the urothelium from rescued p63-/- chimeras shows that umbrella (superficial) cells can develop and be maintained independently from p63-positive basal and intermediate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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