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Smith A, Farhat-Sabet A, Pickett C, Atwood J. P1737Validation of limb leads in localizing culprit artery in inferior STEMI. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Smith
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - A Farhat-Sabet
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - C Pickett
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - J Atwood
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, United States of America
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Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Garcia A, Pickett C, Li S, Jones J, Chen H, Webb B, Choi J, Zhou Y, Zimmerman MC, Franco R. Compartmentalized oxidative stress in dopaminergic cell death induced by pesticides and complex I inhibitors: distinct roles of superoxide anion and superoxide dismutases. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:370-83. [PMID: 23602909 PMCID: PMC3883883 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons induced by the parkinsonian toxins paraquat, rotenone, and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) is associated with oxidative stress. However, controversial reports exist regarding the source/compartmentalization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and its exact role in cell death. We aimed to determine in detail the role of superoxide anion (O2(•-)), oxidative stress, and their subcellular compartmentalization in dopaminergic cell death induced by parkinsonian toxins. Oxidative stress and ROS formation were determined in the cytosol, intermembrane (IMS), and mitochondrial matrix compartments, using dihydroethidine derivatives and the redox sensor roGFP, as well as electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Paraquat induced an increase in ROS and oxidative stress in both the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix prior to cell death. MPP(+) and rotenone primarily induced an increase in ROS and oxidative stress in the mitochondrial matrix. No oxidative stress was detected at the level of the IMS. In contrast to previous studies, overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) or copper/zinc SOD (CuZnSOD) had no effect on alterations in ROS steady-state levels, lipid peroxidation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and dopaminergic cell death induced by MPP(+) or rotenone. In contrast, paraquat-induced oxidative stress and cell death were selectively reduced by MnSOD overexpression, but not by CuZnSOD or manganese-porphyrins. However, MnSOD also failed to prevent ΔΨm loss. Finally, paraquat, but not MPP(+) or rotenone, induced the transcriptional activation of the redox-sensitive antioxidant response elements (ARE) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). These results demonstrate a selective role of mitochondrial O2(•-) in dopaminergic cell death induced by paraquat, and show that toxicity induced by the complex I inhibitors rotenone and MPP(+) does not depend directly on mitochondrial O2(•-) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Chillian Pickett
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Sumin Li
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Jocelyn Jones
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Brian Webb
- Thermo Scientific, Research and Development, Rockford, IL 61105, USA
| | - Jae Choi
- Thermo Scientific, Research and Development, Rockford, IL 61105, USA
| | - You Zhou
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA.
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Bon MC, Jones W, Hurard C, Loiseau A, Ris N, Pickett C, Estoup A, Fauvergue X. Identification of 21 polymorphic microsatellites in the African parasitoid wasp, Psyttalia lounsburyi (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 8:930-2. [PMID: 21585933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have developed 21 dinucleotide repeat microsatellite loci from African populations of Psyttalia lounsburyi (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid wasp of the olive fruit fly, as part of a study assessing the role of introgression/hybridization in the success of a biological control introduction. We proposed suitable conditions for polymerase chain reaction multiplexing. All 21 loci were polymorphic with two to 21 alleles per locus within the Kenyan and South African populations tested. Most of them were successfully amplified in two other Psyttalia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bon
- USDA-ARS-European Biological Control Laboratory (EBCL), Campus International de Baillarguet CS 90013, 34988 Montferrier le Lez, France, Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, INRA, Campus International de Baillarguet CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier le Lez, France, INRA, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, 06 903 Sophia Antipolis cedex, France, California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA), Sacramento, CA 95814, USA
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Hulten E, Pickett C, Bittencourt MS, Villines TC, Petrillo S, Di Carli MF, Blankstein R. Meta-analysis of coronary CT angiography in the emergency department. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 14:607. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pickett C, Kumar S, Vella P, Zubieta J. Investigations of the coordination chemistry of molybdenum with facultative tetradentate ligands possessing N2S2 donor sets. 2. Preparation, chemical characterization, and electrochemical study of the molybdenum(IV), molybdenum(V), and molybdenum(VI) oxo complexes. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00133a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Uecker J, Pickett C, Dunn E. The role of follow-up radiographic studies in nonoperative management of spleen trauma. Am Surg 2001; 67:22-5. [PMID: 11206890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The management of splenic injuries has evolved significantly in recent years from an operative to a nonoperative approach in stable patients with blunt abdominal trauma. The management of these patients with serial radiographic studies before hospital discharge remains controversial. We reviewed the management of 90 patients retrospectively who were admitted to our Level II trauma center with splenic injuries secondary to blunt trauma to determine the value of serial radiographic studies. Forty-seven (52%) patients underwent immediate laparotomy. Forty-three (48%) patients were managed conservatively without surgery. All nonoperative patients had an initial CT of the abdomen to evaluate their abdominal injuries. Among the 43 patients managed without surgery 31 had no follow-up radiographic studies. Twelve patients had follow-up studies before discharge. Two of these 12 patients subsequently underwent splenectomy. Both had developed hypotension, tachycardia, and a decreasing hematocrit, which prompted their repeat radiographic studies. Ten patients had no change in their clinical status and showed no significant change in the radiographic injury pattern to the spleen. One patient who was initially managed nonoperatively became hemodynamically unstable with increasing abdominal pain and subsequently underwent splenectomy without follow-up radiographic studies. The remaining 30 patients who had no follow-up studies had no significant change in their clinical abdominal examinations and had no further complications from their splenic injuries. Routine follow-up radiographic evaluations are not necessary in the nonoperative management of stable patients with splenic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Uecker
- Department of Surgery, Methodist Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Alyea EP, Soiffer RJ, Canning C, Neuberg D, Schlossman R, Pickett C, Collins H, Wang Y, Anderson KC, Ritz J. Toxicity and efficacy of defined doses of CD4(+) donor lymphocytes for treatment of relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Blood 1998; 91:3671-80. [PMID: 9573003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) can induce remissions in patients who have relapsed after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). However, DLI frequently also result in significant acute and/or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Several clinical and experimental lines of evidence have suggested that CD8(+) T cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of GVHD. To develop methods to reduce the incidence of GVHD associated with DLI, we administered defined numbers of CD4(+) donor T cells after ex vivo depletion of CD8(+) lymphocytes to 40 patients with relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogeneic BMT. Cohorts of patients received 0.3, 1.0, or 1.5 x 10(8) CD4(+) cells/kg. Overall, 12 of 38 patients (32%) evaluable for toxicity developed acute or chronic GVHD. However, 6 of 27 patients (22%) receiving 0.3 x 10(8) CD4 cells/kg developed GVHD compared with 6 of 11 patients (55%) who received >/=1.0 x 10(8) CD4 cells/kg (P = .07). Treatment-related mortality was low (3%), with 1 death related to infection in the setting of immunosuppression for GVHD. Disease responses after CD4(+) DLI were documented in 15 of 19 patients (79%) with early-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) relapse, 5 of 6 patients (83%) with relapsed multiple myeloma, and 1 patient with myelodysplasia. For patients with early-phase CML relapse, the Kaplan-Meier probability of achieving complete cytogenetic remission was 87% and the probability of complete molecular response was 78% at 1 year after DLI. The median time to complete cytogenetic response and molecular response in patients with CML was 13 weeks (range, 9 to 30 weeks) and 34 weeks (range, 10 to 56 weeks), respectively. The median time to response in patients with multiple myeloma was 26 weeks (range, 15 to 62 weeks). All patients in this trial who developed GVHD demonstrated tumor regression, but the presence of GVHD was not required for patients to achieve a response, because 48% of responding patients never developed evidence of GVHD. Two patients with CML who did not respond at dose level 1 subsequently achieved complete cytogenetic remission after a second infusion of CD8-depleted cells at dose level 2. In patients with evidence of mixed hematopoietic chimerism who achieved a complete remission after DLI, cytogenetic analysis of marrow cells also demonstrated conversion to complete donor hematopoiesis in all evaluable patients. These studies suggest that relatively low numbers of CD8-depleted donor lymphocytes are effective in inducing complete remissions in patients with stable-phase CML and multiple myeloma who have relapsed after allogeneic BMT. Because of the relatively low risk of toxicity associated with the infusion of defined numbers of CD4(+) donor cells, further studies can be undertaken in the setting of persistent minimal residual disease to prevent relapse after allogeneic BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Alyea
- Divisions of Hematologic Malignancies and Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Taylor PM, Delatour P, Landoni FM, Deal C, Pickett C, Shojaee Aliabadi F, Foot R, Lees P. Pharmacodynamics and enantioselective pharmacokinetics of carprofen in the cat. Res Vet Sci 1996; 60:144-51. [PMID: 8685536 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(96)90009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacodynamics and enantioselective pharmacokinetics of the arylpropionic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, carprofen, were investigated in cats after administration of the racemic mixture (rac-carprofen) at dose rates ranging from 0.7 to 4.0 mg kg-1 intravenously and subcutaneously. A low dose of rac-carprofen (0.7 mg kg-1) partially inhibited the rise in skin temperature at a site of acute inflammation but had no effect on the ex vivo synthesis of serum thromboxane (Tx) B2. A higher dose (4.0 mg kg-1) inhibited oedematous swelling, although the response was statistically significant at only one time, and also reduced the ex vivo synthesis of serum TxB2 for 12 hours after intravenous injection or 24 hours after subcutaneous injection. The main features of carprofen pharmacokinetics were a low distribution volume, a relatively long elimination half-life, the predominance of the R(-) enantiomer and a bioavailability (after subcutaneous dosing) of 100 per cent and 92 per cent, respectively, after doses of 0.7 and 4.0 mg kg-1. On the basis of these data, it is suggested that a dose of 4.0 mg kg-1 by both intravenous and subcutaneous routes should be evaluated in clinical subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Taylor
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge
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Jones TR, Labelle M, Belley M, Champion E, Charette L, Evans J, Ford-Hutchinson AW, Gauthier JY, Lord A, Masson P, McAuliffe M, McFarlane CS, Metters KM, Pickett C, Piechuta H, Rochette C, Rodger IW, Sawyer N, Young RN, Zamboni R, Abraham WM. Erratum: Pharmacology of montelukast sodium (Singulair™), a potent and selective leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/y95-098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pickett C. Impact of health care reform on research innovativeness. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994; 729:106-10; discussion 139-42. [PMID: 7998721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb12220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Pickett
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033
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Reeves JT, Ballam G, Hofmeister S, Pickett C, Morris K, Peacock A. Improved arterial oxygenation with feed restriction in rapidly growing broiler chickens. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1991; 99:481-5. [PMID: 1678342 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90037-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Rapidly growing broiler chickens fed ad lib. until 56 days, but feed restricted until 60 days of age, had higher arterial oxygen saturations, lower respiratory frequencies, total ventilations that were not different, and higher tidal volumes compared to those fully fed for 56 days. 2. Arterial oxygen saturation correlated negatively with respiratory frequency, but was not related to total ventilation or tidal volume. 3. Hypoventilation appeared not to be the cause of arterial oxygen desaturation. 4. Arterial oxygen desaturation correlated with the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Reeves
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262
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Peacock AJ, Pickett C, Morris K, Reeves JT. Spontaneous hypoxaemia and right ventricular hypertrophy in fast growing broiler chickens reared at sea level. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1990; 97:537-41. [PMID: 1981034 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(90)90124-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1. At 6 weeks of age, the time of most rapid body growth, fast growing broiler chickens showed more right ventricular hypertrophy than slower growing chickens. 2. The degree of right ventricular hypertrophy was directly related to blood haematocrit and indirectly related to arterial oxygen saturation (estimated in the chickens using an ear oximeter designed for man). 3. When oxygen saturation was estimated sequentially from 6 to 17 weeks of age, mean oxygenation improved with age, partly due to the death of the chickens with the worst saturations, but also because of an improvement in oxygenation of the survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Peacock
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, U.K
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Peacock AJ, Pickett C, Morris K, Reeves JT. The relationship between rapid growth and pulmonary hemodynamics in the fast-growing broiler chicken. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139:1524-30. [PMID: 2524982 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/139.6.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Very fast-growing (VFG) broiler chickens tend to have marked right ventricular hypertrophy when compared with slower growing chickens. We hypothesized that, in the setting of rapid growth, a hypoxic stimulus would cause greater pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). We have studied the relationship between artial oxygenation (SaO2), RVH, and pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) in 28 awake VFG chickens. We found that the hypoxemic chickens had pulmonary hypertension and that the Ppa was linearly related to the SaO2. The relationship between Ppa and RVH, however, was best described by a broken line (p less than 0.05). Thus, at higher pressures, the RVH seemed excessive for a given Ppa. We have also studied the effects of reducing FIO2 on Ppa, systemic pressure, cardiac output, and calculated total pulmonary resistance (TPR) in lightly anesthetized fast-growing and normal chickens. We found that normal chickens and fast growers had similar TPR in room air, but that the fast growers had a greater increase in TPR than did the normal chickens in response to hypoxia (p less than 0.05). Finally, we placed 2-wk-old normal and VFG chicks in a hypobaric chamber set at "10,000 feet" for 2 wk and found that the VFG but not the normal chickens developed marked RVH in response to the hypoxia. However, the RVH in the fast-growing chickens could be prevented by restricting their diet, and hence their growth. We conclude that hypoxemia probably caused the pulmonary hypertension and RVH in the fast-growing chickens, but that the rapid growth appeared to act as an important amplifier of this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Peacock
- Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, United Kingdom
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Abstract
To determine the incidence and frequency of sleep apnea in persons with hypothyroidism, 11 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed disease were studied before and during thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Nine patients had episodes of apnea, with the number of episodes per hour of sleep ranging from 17 to 176 (mean, 71.8). Six of the nine patients were obese and had 99.5 episodes per hour compared with 16.3 episodes per hour in the 3 nonobese patients (p less than 0.02). After 3 to 12 months of thyroxine replacement therapy, mean apnea frequency decreased from 71.8 +/- 18.0 (SE) to 12.7 +/- 6.1 episodes per hour, without reduction in body weight. There were fewer changes in sleep stage per hour during treatment (22.1 +/- 4.9) than pretreatment (57.6 +/- 14.5). Carbon dioxide response tests done under non-loaded and flow-resistive loaded conditions before and during thyroxine replacement therapy showed increases in the loaded respiratory effort and ventilation during thyroxine treatment. Sleep apnea episodes are common in persons with untreated hypothyroidism, even with normal lung function. Thyroxine replacement therapy decreases apnea frequency, even without change in body weight.
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Pickett C, Clum GA. Comparative treatment strategies and their interaction with locus of control in the reduction of postsurgical pain and anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol 1982. [PMID: 7047601 DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.50.3.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pickett C, Clum GA. Comparative treatment strategies and their interaction with locus of control in the reduction of postsurgical pain and anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol 1982; 50:439-41. [PMID: 7047601 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.50.3.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zwillich CW, Pickett C, Hanson FN, Weil JV. Disturbed sleep and prolonged apnea during nasal obstruction in normal men. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981; 124:158-60. [PMID: 7258828 DOI: 10.1164/arrd.1981.124.2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Anecdotal observations suggested that poor quality of sleep is a frequent complaint during upper respiratory infections (URI). Nasal obstruction occurs frequently during URI and causes sleep apnea in some infants. Sleep apnea disrupts normal sleep and could explain the complaints of poor sleep quality during URI in adults. Accordingly, 10 normal men had full night recordings of sleep stages and breathing rhythm before and during nasal obstruction. The order of obstructed and nonobstructed nights was randomized after a standard acclimatization night. During nasal obstruction, time spent in the deep sleep stages decreased from 90 +/- 11.2 (SEM) to 71 +/- 12.9 min (p less than 0.05), whereas significantly more time was spent in Stage 1 sleep (p less than 0.03). This loss of deep sleep during obstruction was associated with a twofold increase in sleep arousals and awakening (p less than 0.01) resulting from an increased (p less than 0.02) number of apneas (34 +/-19 during control sleep versus 86 +/- 34 during obstructed sleep). Apneas of 20 to 39 s in duration became 2.5 times more frequent (p less than 0.05) during obstruction. Oxygen saturation was studied in the last 4 subjects using an ear oximeter. Desaturation (SaO2 less than 90%) occurred 27 times during control sleep compared with 255 times during obstructed sleep. These desaturation episodes occurred only during apneas. All men complained of poor sleep quality during nasal obstruction. We concluded that apneas, sleep arousals and awakenings, and loss of deep sleep occur during nasal obstruction and may explain complaints of poor sleep quality during URI.
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