1
|
Leggett B, Eliason P, Sick S, Burma JS, Wong SK, Laperrière D, Goulet C, Fremont P, Russell K, Schneider KJ, Emery CA. Youth Preseason Performance on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 Across Multiple Sports. Clin J Sport Med 2024; 34:288-296. [PMID: 38149828 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine preseason Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) performance of adolescent sport participants by environment (in-person/virtual), sex, age, concussion history, collision/noncollision sport participation, and self-reported medical diagnoses. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Canadian community and high-school sport settings. PARTICIPANTS Three thousand eight hundred five adolescent (2493 male, 1275 female, and 37 did not disclose; 11- to 19-year-old) sport participants. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 administration method (in-person/virtual), sex (male/female/unreported), age (years), concussion history (0/1/2/3+), collision/noncollision sport participant, and self-reported medical diagnoses [attention deficit disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, headache/migraine, learning disability, and psychiatric disorder (ie, anxiety/depression/other)]. OUTCOME MEASURES Preseason SCAT5 outcomes including total number of symptoms (TNS; /22), symptom severity score (SSS; /132), Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC; /50), and modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS; /30). RESULTS Multiple multilevel linear or Poisson regression complete case analyses adjusting for clustering and robust standard errors, with β-coefficients (95% CI) back-transformed to indicate an increase/decrease in SCAT5 subdomains when relevant for clinical interpretation. Virtual (V) performance was associated with fewer symptoms reported [TNS Difference V-IP = -1.53 (95% CI, -2.22 to -0.85)], lower SSS [-2.49 (95% CI, -4.41 to -0.58)], and fewer mBESS errors (IP) [-0.52 (95% CI, -0.77 to -0.27)] compared with in-person. For every one-year increase in age, more symptoms [TNS = 0.22 (95% CI, 0.01-0.44)], higher SSS [0.52 (95% CI, 0.01-1.06)], higher SAC [0.27 (95% CI, 0.15-0.38), and poorer balance [mBESS = -0.19 (-0.28 to -0.09)] were observed. Differences between males and females were also seen across all SCAT5 outcomes. Individuals reporting any medical diagnosis or 3+ concussion history also reported more symptoms (TNS) and higher SSS than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Administration environment, sex, age, concussion history, and medical diagnoses were associated with SCAT5 subdomains and are important considerations when interpreting the SCAT5 results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Leggett
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Eliason
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stacy Sick
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joel S Burma
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sophie K Wong
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David Laperrière
- Pavillon de l'Éducation physique et des sports, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN, Canada
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Fremont
- Pavillon de l'Éducation physique et des sports, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly Russell
- Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Evidence Sport and Spine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; and
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carrière R, Trottier C, Drapeau V, Frenette É, Goulet C, Brochu C, Camiré M, Lemyre PN. Winner for Life: A three-year study of student-athletes' life skills development in a training programme for coaches and teachers. Psychol Sport Exerc 2024; 71:102573. [PMID: 38048835 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing numbers of researchers have investigated how training programmes influence coaches' and teachers' ability to promote life skills development, and concurrently, athlete-related outcomes. This study aimed to examine high school student-athletes' development of life skills through a three-year programme called Winner for Life (Gagnant pour la vie). Delivered online to high school coaches and teachers, the programme targeted five life skills: (a) Goal Setting and Concentration (Year 1), (b) Healthy Eating Habits and Safety Behaviours (Year 2), and Physical and Mental Recovery (Year 3). In all, 148 student-athletes participated in the programme and completed questionnaires at five time points to assess life skills development. A general linear repeated measures model was used to assess changes over time. Missing data were handled using multiple imputations. Student-athletes reported higher scores on Goal Setting subscale at time 2 (vs. time 1) and time 3 (vs. time 2) and on Social Recovery subscale at time 2 (vs. time 1). They also reported lower scores on Sleep Quality subscale at time 3 (vs. time 2) and time 5 (vs. time 4). Additionally, a significant interaction was observed between student-athletes' age (mean = 13.5 years) at study start, and improvements on certain life skills subscales over time. Overall, the fact that student-athletes did not improve on all life skills could be explained by the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, which limited the programme's influence from time 3. Results should be considered in light of limitations regarding gender distribution and ceiling effects on student-athletes' scores. Recommendations to improve future life skills programmes are discussed, such as involving parents in delivery and encouraging life skills teaching over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Carrière
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, and Interuniversity Research Centre on Teacher Training and the Teaching Profession (CRIFPE), Université Laval, Canada
| | - Christiane Trottier
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medecine, and Interuniversity Research Centre on Teacher Training and the Teaching Profession (CRIFPE), Université Laval, Canada
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medecine, and Interuniversity Research Centre on Teacher Training and the Teaching Profession (CRIFPE), Université Laval, Canada
| | - Éric Frenette
- Department of Educational Foundations and Practices, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, and Interuniversity Research Centre on Teacher Training and the Teaching Profession (CRIFPE), Université Laval, Canada
| | - Charlotte Brochu
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medecine, and Interuniversity Research Centre on Teacher Training and the Teaching Profession (CRIFPE), Université Laval, Canada
| | - Martin Camiré
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Richard P, Lahiri-Rousseau J, Phimmasone J, Belley-Ranger E, Sylvain-Morneau J, Gagne M, Perron PA, Goulet C. Unintentional injury deaths associated with sport and recreation in Québec, Canada, 2006-2019. Inj Prev 2024:ip-2023-045177. [PMID: 38378256 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined trends in the frequencies and rates of deaths associated with unintentional injuries in sport and recreation in Québec, Canada, for the period January 2006-December 2019. METHODS In this descriptive retrospective study, data were extracted from the database of the Bureau du coroner du Québec. Incidence rates were calculated using participation data from the Étude des blessures subies au cours de la pratique d'activités récréatives et sportives au Québec (ÉBARS) and Canadian census population data. Poisson regression was used to investigate changes in death rates over the 14-year period by estimating incidence rate ratios. RESULTS There were 1937 unintentional injury deaths and the population-based death rate was 1.72 per 100 000 person-years. The participation-based rate was 1.40 per 100 000 participant-years, considering the 24 matching activities in both ÉBARS' editions. Using both population-based and participation-based denominators, separate analyses consistently showed declining death rates in non-motorised navigation and cycling. Deaths related to all-terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, swimming, cycling, motorised navigation and non-motorised navigation activities accounted for 80.2% of all deaths. Drowning was documented as a cause of death in 39.3% of all fatalities. Males represented 86.8% of all deaths, with males aged 18-24 years and 65 and over having the highest rates. CONCLUSION The death rates of unintentional injury deaths associated with non-motorised navigation and cycling declined, from January 2006 to December 2019. The characteristics and mechanisms of drowning deaths and fatalities that occurred in activities associated with higher death frequencies and rates need to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Richard
- Direction de la sécurité dans le loisir et le sport, Ministère de l'Éducation du Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Judith Lahiri-Rousseau
- Direction de la sécurité dans le loisir et le sport, Ministère de l'Éducation du Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Emilie Belley-Ranger
- Direction de la sécurité dans le loisir et le sport, Ministère de l'Éducation du Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Mathieu Gagne
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Poulin-Lapierre SÉ, Beaulieu-Bonneau S, Goulet C, Cairns K, Predovan D, Ouellet MC. Access and adherence to the most recent recommendations regarding resumption of activities after a mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37222508 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2023.2213481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1) To examine access and adherence to the Berlin (2016) recommendations for resuming physical and intellectual activities after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) (including an exploration of barriers and facilitators). 2) To assess post-mTBI symptoms in relation to recommendation adherence. METHOD 73 participants who sustained a mTBI completed an online survey with questions about access and adherence to recommendations and validated measures of symptoms. RESULTS Almost all participants had received recommendations from a health professional after their mTBI. Two thirds of recommendations reported had at least moderate correspondence with the Berlin (2016) recommendations. The vast majority of participants reported weak or partial adherence to these recommendations and only 15.7% reported complete adherence. Overall, adherence to recommendations explained a significant portion of the variance in the severity and number of unresolved post-mTBI symptoms. The most common barriers were: being in a critical period for school or work, pressure to return to work or school, screen use, and presence of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Sustained efforts are required to disseminate appropriate recommendations after mTBI. Clinicians should support patients in eliminating barriers to recommendation adherence, as greater adherence may facilitate recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie-Émilie Poulin-Lapierre
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Beaulieu-Bonneau
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Département d'éducation physique, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Kathleen Cairns
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David Predovan
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Ouellet
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Emery CA, Eliason P, Warriyar V, Palacios-Derflingher L, Black AM, Krolikowski M, Spencer N, Sick S, Kozak S, Schneider KJ, Babul S, Mrazik M, Lebrun C, Goulet C, Macpherson A, Hagel BE. Body checking in non-elite adolescent ice hockey leagues: it is never too late for policy change aiming to protect the health of adolescents. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:12-17. [PMID: 34016603 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of policy change disallowing body checking in adolescent ice hockey leagues (ages 15-17) on reducing rates of injury and concussion. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study. Players 15-17 years-old were recruited from teams in non-elite divisions of play (lower 40%-70% by division of play depending on year and city of play in leagues where policy permits or prohibit body checking in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada (2015-18). A validated injury surveillance methodology supported baseline, exposure-hours and injury data collection. Any player with a suspected concussion was referred to a study physician. Primary outcomes include game-related injuries, game-related injuries (>7 days time loss), game-related concussions and game-related concussions (>10 days time loss). RESULTS 44 teams (453 player-seasons) from non-body checking and 52 teams (674 player-seasons) from body checking leagues participated. In body checking leagues there were 213 injuries (69 concussions) and in non-body checking leagues 40 injuries (18 concussions) during games. Based on multiple multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression analyses, policy prohibiting body checking was associated with a lower rate of injury (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.38 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.6)) and concussion (IRR: 0.49; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.89). This translates to an absolute rate reduction of 7.82 injuries/1000 game-hours (95% CI 2.74 to 12.9) and the prevention of 7326 injuries (95% CI 2570 to 12083) in Canada annually. CONCLUSIONS The rate of injury was 62% lower (concussion 51% lower) in leagues not permitting body checking in non-elite 15-17 years old leagues highlighting the potential public health impact of policy prohibiting body checking in older adolescent ice hockey players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Eliason
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vineetha Warriyar
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luz Palacios-Derflingher
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda Marie Black
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maciek Krolikowski
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole Spencer
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stacy Sick
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stacy Kozak
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shelina Babul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Injury Research & Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Mrazik
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Constance Lebrun
- Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alison Macpherson
- School of Kinesiology & Health SCience, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mitra TP, Djerboua M, Nettel‐Aguirre A, Russell K, Caird JK, Goulet C, Mahmood S, McCormack GR, Rowe BH, Verhagen E, Emery CA, Hagel BE. The effect of a ski and snowboard injury prevention video on safety knowledge in children and adolescents. Translational Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatum Priyambada Mitra
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- MD Program Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Maya Djerboua
- ICES Queen’s Queen’s University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Alberto Nettel‐Aguirre
- Centre for Health and Social Analytics, National Institute for Applied Statistics Research School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Kelly Russell
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Jeff K. Caird
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Psychology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education Université Laval Quebec City Quebec Canada
| | - Sheharzad Mahmood
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Gavin R. McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Brian H. Rowe
- Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and School of Public Health University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Department of Public & Occupational Health Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports Amsterdam Movement Sciences Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM) University of Cape Town South Africa
| | - Carolyn A. Emery
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Brent E. Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Williamson RA, Kolstad AT, Krolikowski M, Nadeau L, Goulet C, Hagel BE, Emery CA. Incidence of Head Contacts, Penalties, and Player Contact Behaviors in Youth Ice Hockey: Evaluating the “Zero Tolerance for Head Contact” Policy Change. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967121992375. [PMID: 33748310 PMCID: PMC7940749 DOI: 10.1177/2325967121992375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To reduce the risk of concussion in youth ice hockey, Hockey Canada implemented a national “zero tolerance for head contact” (HC) policy in 2011. A previous cohort study revealed higher concussion rates after this implementation in players aged 11 to 14 years. However, it is unknown whether the elevated risk was due to higher HC rates or factors such as increased concussion awareness and reporting. Purpose: To compare the rates of primary and secondary HCs and HC policy enforcement in elite U15 ice hockey leagues (players <15 years) before (2008-2009) and after (2013-2014) the zero-tolerance policy change. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 32 elite U15 games before (n2008-2009 = 16; 510 players) and after (n2013-2014 = 16; 486 players) HC policy implementation were video recorded. Videos were analyzed with validated criteria for identifying HC types (primary/direct contact by players [HC1], secondary/indirect contact via boards, glass, or ice surface [HC2]) and other player-to-player contact behavior. Referee-assessed penalties were cross-referenced with the official Hockey Canada casebook, and penalty types were displayed using proportions. Univariate Poisson regression (adjusted for cluster by team game, offset by game length [minutes]) was used to estimate HC incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) between cohorts. Results: A total of 506 HCs were analyzed, 261 before HC policy implementation (IR, 16.6/100 team minutes) and 245 after implementation (IR, 15.5/100 team minutes). The HC1 rate (IRR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.86-1.28) and HC2 rate (IRR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.50-1.11) did not significantly differ before versus after implementation. Only 12.0% and 13.6% of HC1s were penalized pre- and postimplementation, respectively. Before implementation, HC1s were commonly penalized as roughing or elbowing penalties (59%), while after implementation, HC1s were penalized with the HC penalty (76%), and only 8% as roughing or elbowing. Conclusion: Despite implementation of the “zero tolerance for HC” policy, there was no difference in the rate of HC1s and HC2s or the proportion of HC1 penalized from before to after implementation. This research is instrumental in informing Hockey Canada’s future referee training and rule enforcement modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rylen A. Williamson
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ash T. Kolstad
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maciej Krolikowski
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luc Nadeau
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Brent E. Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Carolyn A. Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Audet O, Hagel BE, Hamel D, Tremblay B, Macpherson AK, Goulet C. The association between removing and reintroducing man-made jumps in terrain parks and severe alpine skiing and snowboarding injuries. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 24:212-217. [PMID: 32868202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effect of removing and reintroducing man-made jumps in terrain parks (TPs), on the proportion of severe injuries among alpine skiers and snowboarders in Québec, Canada. DESIGN Quasi-experimental study. METHODS Injuries were identified via injury report forms completed by ski patrollers during seasons 2000-2001 to 2016-2017 in Québec ski areas. Severe injuries were defined based on the type of injury or ambulance evacuation. Logistic regression analysis was used to provide adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for the comparison of the time periods before jump removal (PRE) and after jump reintroduction (POST) with the jump removal interval (INT). RESULTS Compared with INT, the proportion of severe injuries in PRE was not significantly different (AOR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.85-1.30), but was higher in POST (AOR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.24-2.51) for ski areas with jump removal. In ski areas without jump removal, there was no change in PRE (AOR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.87-1.07) and increased odds of severe injuries in POST (AOR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.07-1.35). A supplementary analysis suggested that removing jumps from TPs has contributed significantly to a reduction in the proportion of severe injuries. This protective effect appears to decline over time. CONCLUSIONS These results do not suggest that removing jumps from TPs as an effective long-term injury prevention strategy in skiing and snowboarding. Collecting data on exposure could improve our understanding of how removing, introducing or reintroducing man-made jumps in TPs is associated with the risk of minor and severe injuries in TPs and on regular trails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada; Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Denis Hamel
- Bureau d'information et d'études en santé des populations, Québec Public Health Institute, Canada
| | - Benoit Tremblay
- Ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur (Québec Ministry of Education and Higher Education), Canada
| | - Alison K Macpherson
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Canada; School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Université Laval, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Russell K, Arthur S, Goulet C, Selci E, Morrongiello B. Understanding youths' attitudes and practices regarding listening to music, video recording and terrain park use while skiing and snowboarding. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:389. [PMID: 32814547 PMCID: PMC7437043 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skiing and snowboarding are popular activities among Canadian youth and these sports have evolved to include certain risk behaviours such as listening to music, using terrain parks, and video recording yourself or others. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of these risk behaviours and identify factors that are associated with the risk behaviours. METHODS Using focus group methodology, a questionnaire was developed to capture aspects of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. A cross-sectional study was conducted where the questionnaire was administered to youth aged 13-18 during two winter seasons at two ski hills in Manitoba, Canada. RESULTS The sample was comprised of 735 youth (mean age 14.9; 82.1% male, 83.6% snowboarding). The most common behavior was using the TP (83.1%), followed by listening to music that day (36.9%), and video recording that day (34.5%). Youth had significantly higher odds of listening to music that day if they planned to next time (OR 19.13; 95% CI: 10.62, 34.44), were skiing or snowboarding alone (OR 2.33; 95% CI: 1.10, 4.95), or thought listening to music makes skiing or snowboarding more exciting or fun or makes them feel more confident (OR 2.30; 95% CI: 1.31, 4.05). They were less likely to if they believed that music made it more difficult to hear or talk to others (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.65). Youth had significantly higher odds of using the terrain park if they believed that terrain parks were cool, challenging, or fun (OR: 5.84; 95% CI: 2.85, 11.96) or if their siblings used terrain parks (OR: 4.94; OR: 2.84, 9.85). Those who believed that terrain parks were too busy or crowded (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.62) were less likely to use them. Youth had significantly higher odds of video recording that day if they reported that they plan to video record next time (OR: 8.09, 95% CI: 4.67, 14.01) or if they were skiing or snowboarding with friends (OR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.45, 9.18). Youth had significantly higher odds of video recording that day if they agreed that recording makes them try harder and improved their tricks (OR: 3.34, 95% CI: 1.38, 8.08) compared to those who neither agreed nor disagreed. Youth were less likely to record themselves that day if their friends did not do so (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.80). CONCLUSION Common predictors of engaging in risk behaviours suggest that injury prevention programs may not have to be specific to each behaviour. Some strategies for injury prevention are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Russell
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Science, CE-208 Children's Hospital, 840 Sherbrook Street, Health Sciences Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1S1, Canada. .,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 513-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Arthur
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Science, CE-208 Children's Hospital, 840 Sherbrook Street, Health Sciences Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1S1, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 513-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Pavillion des Sciences de l'education, 2320, rue des Bibiotheques, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Erin Selci
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Science, CE-208 Children's Hospital, 840 Sherbrook Street, Health Sciences Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1S1, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre, 513-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Barbara Morrongiello
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Audet O, Macpherson AK, Valois P, Hagel BE, Tremblay B, Goulet C. Terrain park feature compliance with Québec ski area safety recommendations. Inj Prev 2020; 27:injuryprev-2019-043629. [PMID: 32299838 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this paper is to examine terrain park (TP) feature compliance with recommendations from a ski area industry guide (are TP features compliant with the guide?) and determine factors that could be associated with TP feature compliance in Québec ski areas (do factors influence TP feature compliance?), Canada. These recommendations on the design, construction and maintenance are provided by the Québec Ski Areas Association Guide. METHODS A group of two to four trained research assistants visited seven ski areas. They used an evaluation tool to assess the compliance of 59 TP features. The evaluation tool, originally developed to assess the quality of TP features based on the guide, was validated in a previous study. Compliance was calculated by the percentage of compliant measures within a given feature. The potential influence of four factors on compliance (size of the TP, size of the feature, snow conditions and type of feature) were examined using a mixed-effects logistic regression model. RESULTS The average TP feature compliance percentage was 93% (95% CI 88% to 99%) for boxes, 91% (95% CI 89% to 94%) for rails and 89% (95% CI 86% to 92%) for jumps. The logistic regression showed that none of the four factors examined were associated with TP feature compliance with the guide. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TP features are highly compliant with the guide in Québec ski areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Audet
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Alison K Macpherson
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Valois
- Department of Educational Fundamentals and Practices, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Departments of Paediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benoit Tremblay
- Québec Network of Regional Units of Leisure and Sport, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Emery C, Palacios-Derflingher L, Black AM, Eliason P, Krolikowski M, Spencer N, Kozak S, Schneider KJ, Babul S, Mrazik M, Lebrun CM, Goulet C, Macpherson A, Hagel BE. Does disallowing body checking in non-elite 13- to 14-year-old ice hockey leagues reduce rates of injury and concussion? A cohort study in two Canadian provinces. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:414-420. [PMID: 31492676 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare rates of injury and concussion among non-elite (lowest 60% by division of play) Bantam (ages 13-14 years) ice hockey leagues that disallow body checking to non-elite Bantam leagues that allow body checking. METHODS In this 2-year cohort study, Bantam non-elite ice hockey players were recruited from leagues where policy allowed body checking in games (Calgary/Edmonton 2014-2015, Edmonton 2015-2016) and where policy disallowed body checking (Kelowna/Vancouver 2014-2015, Calgary 2015-2016). All ice hockey game-related injuries resulting in medical attention, inability to complete a session and/or time loss from hockey were identified using valid injury surveillance methodology. Any player suspected of having concussion was referred to a study physician for diagnosis and management. RESULTS 49 body checking (608 players) and 33 non-body checking teams (396 players) participated. There were 129 injuries (incidence rate (IR)=7.98/1000 hours) and 54 concussions (IR=3.34/1000 hours) in the body checking teams in games. After policy change, there were 31 injuries (IR=3.66/1000 hours) and 17 concussions (IR=2.01/1000 hours) in games. Policy disallowing body checking was associated with a lower rate of all injury (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.44; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.74). The point estimate showed a lower rate of concussion (adjusted IRR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.18), but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Policy change disallowing body checking in non-elite Bantam ice hockey resulted in a 56% lower rate of injury. There is growing evidence that disallowing body checking in youth ice hockey is associated with fewer injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luz Palacios-Derflingher
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda Marie Black
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Eliason
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maciek Krolikowski
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole Spencer
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stacy Kozak
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shelina Babul
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Alberta, Canada
| | - Martin Mrazik
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Constance M Lebrun
- Depatment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Brent E Hagel
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming Scjhool of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jacob R, Couture S, Lamarche B, Provencher V, Morissette É, Valois P, Goulet C, Drapeau V. Determinants of coaches' intentions to provide different recommendations on sports nutrition to their athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:57. [PMID: 31775807 PMCID: PMC6880347 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coaches are considered as an important source of nutrition information by their athletes. However, their knowledge in this area is often insufficient for proper guidance and may lead to the dissemination of misinformation regarding sports nutrition. The aim of this study was to assess coaches' intentions as well as psychosocial determinants underlying their intentions to provide sports nutrition recommendations to their high school athletes. METHODS Coaches (n = 47) completed a Web-based questionnaire based on the theory of planned behaviour, to assess their intentions to provide three different sports nutrition recommendations and their determinants. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify the variables that were most strongly related to the intentions. RESULTS Forty-six, 44.7 and 91.9% of coaches had the intention to recommend a higher consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates, foods rich in proteins and an increase in hydration to their athletes, respectively. Subjective norm was the only significant determinant of coaches' intention to recommend a higher consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates (R2 = 53.7%, β = 0.73 ± 0.12, P < 0.0001). Subjective norm and perceived behavioural control were significantly associated with coaches' intentions to recommend a higher consumption of foods rich in proteins (R2 = 25.9%, β = 0.50 ± 0.16, P = 0.002 and R2 = 17.2%, β = 0.39 ± 0.17, P = 0.01, respectively) and an increase in hydration (R2 = 26.8%, β = 0.38 ± 0.13, P = 0.001 and R2 = 46.3%, β = 0.58 ± 0.11, P < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that subjective norm and perceived behavioural control represent important determinants of coaches' intentions to provide recommendations on sports nutrition. These findings should be considered in future interventions aimed at facilitating proper general sports nutrition recommendations provided by coaches to their athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Jacob
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Centre de recherche interuniversitaire sur la formation et la profession enseignante (CRIFPE-Laval), Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Steven Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Éliane Morissette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Valois
- Department of Educational Fundamentals and Practices, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Centre de recherche interuniversitaire sur la formation et la profession enseignante (CRIFPE-Laval), Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada. .,Centre de recherche interuniversitaire sur la formation et la profession enseignante (CRIFPE-Laval), Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Audet O, Hagel BE, Nettel-Aguirre A, Mitra T, Emery CA, Macpherson A, Lavoie MD, Goulet C. What are the risk factors for injuries and injury prevention strategies for skiers and snowboarders in terrain parks and half-pipes? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:19-24. [PMID: 30072399 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise the current evidence regarding the risk factors, the injury prevention strategies and the profile of injured skiers and snowboarders in terrain parks (TPs) and half-pipes (HPs). DESIGN Systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. DATA SOURCES Literature searches from six electronic databases and manual searches were performed. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Inclusion criteria were: (1) publication based on original data; (2) injuries sustained in TPs or HPs; (3) recreational skiing or snowboarding injuries; (4) observational or experimental study design with a comparison group. RESULTS No study explored the risk factors in HPs or the prevention strategies in TPs or HPs. From the literature retrieved, there is strong evidence that skiing or snowboarding in a TP is a risk factor for head, neck, back and severe injuries. Two papers assessed the risk factors for injuries in TPs, mainly demonstrating that features promoting aerial manoeuvres or a large drop to the ground were associated with higher feature-specific injury rates. The profile of injured skiers and snowboarders in TPs described in the literature suggested some evidence of associations between factors including activity, sex, skill level, helmet use, age and TP injuries. SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrates the need for studies identifying the risk factors for injuries to skiers and snowboarders and on interventions to reduce the risk of injury in TPs and HPs. Studies addressing the issue of TP design should be considered. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016045206.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Audet
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Albertro Nettel-Aguirre
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tatum Mitra
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alison Macpherson
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sran R, Djerboua M, Romanow N, Mitra T, Russell K, White K, Goulet C, Emery C, Hagel B. Ski and snowboard school programs: Injury surveillance and risk factors for grade-specific injury. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1569-1577. [PMID: 29265554 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to evaluate incidence rates and profile of school program ski and snowboard-related injuries by school grade group using a historical cohort design. Injuries were identified via Accident Report Forms completed by ski patrollers. Severe injury was defined as those with ambulance evacuation or recommending patient transport to hospital. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the school grade group-specific injury rates adjusting for risk factors (sex, activity, ability, and socioeconomic status) and accounting for the effect of clustering by school. Forty of 107 (37%) injuries reported were severe. Adolescents (grades 7-12) had higher crude injury rates (91 of 10 000 student-days) than children (grades 1-3: 25 of 10 000 student-days; grades 4-6: 65 of 10 000 student-days). Those in grades 1-3 had no severe injuries. Although the rate of injury was lower in grades 1-3, there were no statistically significant grade group differences in adjusted analyses. Snowboarders had a higher rate of injury compared with skiers, while higher ability level was protective. Participants in grades 1-3 had the lowest crude and adjusted injury rates. Students in grades 7-12 had the highest rate of overall and severe injuries. These results will inform evidence-based guidelines for school ski/snowboard program participation by school-aged children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Sran
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Djerboua
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - N Romanow
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - T Mitra
- Sports Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Russell
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - K White
- WinSport, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - C Emery
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Sports Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - B Hagel
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Sports Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Laramée C, Drapeau V, Valois P, Goulet C, Jacob R, Provencher V, Lamarche B. Evaluation of a Theory-Based Intervention Aimed at Reducing Intention to Use Restrictive Dietary Behaviors Among Adolescent Female Athletes. J Nutr Educ Behav 2017; 49:497-504.e1. [PMID: 28601167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-based intervention to reduce the intention to use restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight among adolescent female athletes involved in aesthetic sports. DESIGN Cluster-randomized controlled trial. SETTING Aesthetic sport teams of adolescent female athletes aged 12-17 years. PARTICIPANTS Two teams (n = 37 athletes) in the intervention group and 3 teams (n = 33) in the comparison group. INTERVENTIONS The 2 groups received nutrition education during 3 weekly 60-minute sessions. The intervention group was further exposed to a theory-based intervention targeting the specific determinant of intention to use restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight, namely attitude. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Difference over time between groups in intention to use restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight and in nutrition knowledge. ANALYSIS Mixed models for repeated measures. RESULTS The theory-based intervention contributed to maintaining a low intention of using restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight over time in the intervention group compared with the comparison group (P < .03). Nutrition knowledge score increased equally in both groups. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Complementing nutrition education with theory-based behavior change intervention may help maintain a low intention of using restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight among female high school athletes involved in aesthetic sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Laramée
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Valois
- Department of Educational Fundamentals and Practices, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raphaëlle Jacob
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Goulet C, Hamel D, Tremblay B, Audet O, Hagel BE. MAN-MADE JUMPS IN TERRAIN-PARKS AND THE RISK OF SEVERE SKI-PATROL REPORTED INJURIES IN ALPINE SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
17
|
Audet O, Mitra TP, Emery CA, Hagel BE, Macpherson A, Goulet C. WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR INJURY TO SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS IN TERRAIN PARKS AND WHICH STRATEGIES ARE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING THE RISK OF INJURY? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
18
|
Martinez G, Janzen L, Krolikowski M, Romanow N, Palacios-Derflingher L, Goulet C, Nadeau L, Emery C. THE EFFECT OF BODY CHECKING POLICY CHANGE ON CONTACT MECHANISMS IN 13 AND 14 YEAR OLD YOUTH ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
19
|
Djerboua M, Sran R, Mitra T, Russell K, White K, Goulet C, Emery CA, Hagel BE. SKI AND SNOWBOARD SCHOOL PROGRAMS: INCIDENCE OF GRADE-SPECIFIC INJURY. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
20
|
Kolstad A, Nadeau L, Eliason P, Palacios-Derflingher L, Goulet C, Emery CA. THE EFFECT OF BODY CHECKING POLICY CHANGE ON OFFENSIVE GAME SKILL PERFORMANCE IN 13–14 YEAR OLD ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
21
|
Martinez G, Janzen L, Krolikowski M, Romanow N, Palacios-Derflingher L, Goulet C, Nadeau L, Emery C. 750 The effect of body checking policy change on contact mechanisms in 11–12 year old ice hockey players. Inj Prev 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042156.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
22
|
Roy TO, Goulet C, Nadeau L, Fortier K, Hamel D, Emery C. 746 The incidence of behaviours associated with body checking experience among youth ice hockey players. Inj Prev 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042156.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
23
|
Goulet C, Hagel BE, Hamel D, Tremblay B. 155 Research to support the implementation of a public health policy on helmet use in alpine ski areas. Inj Prev 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042156.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
24
|
Emery CA, Krolikowski M, Black A, Meeuwisse WH, Nettel-Aguirre A, Goulet C, Hagel BH. 669 Preventing concussion in youth ice hockey: is research evidence necessary to inform policy change. Inj Prev 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042156.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
The Children's Embedded Figures Test was used to document field dependency among a group of 60 young French-Canadian hockey players enrolled in a structured ice hockey teaching program. The median age (8 yr., 4 mo.) was kept to form two age groups. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between age groups in total test scores and in both Tent and House series; the older children scored more field-independent.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to test two hypotheses, (1) Witkin and Goodenough's 1982 assumption that participation in a structured physical activity increases field-independence and (2) that subjects characterized by high field-independence would show greater gains than subjects with high field-dependence on ice hockey skills. An adaptation of Oltman, Raskin, and Witkin's Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) was given to measure field-dependency and standardized tests were used to evaluate the players' skill. An experimental group of 26 boys ( M = 11.27 yr.) were members of an ice hockey training program; 18 boys of a control group ( M = 11.93 yr.) participated in no programmed physical activity. A pretest (field-dependency and skill) was administered 21 weeks prior to the posttest; no significant differences were found for scores on embedded figures between groups; Witkin and Goodenough's hypothesis was not supported, but field-independent subjects tended to learn more.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess field-dependence/independence of 192 French Canadian athletes involved in a university athletic program. Field-dependence refers to one who is strongly influenced by his immediate environment, while a field-independent is individually oriented and much less influenced by environment. Analysis of variance showed that for these athletes there were no significant differences for the embedded figures test scores on age, sex, level of competition, and sports. The highest mean score of 13.86 was obtained by athletes older than 18 yr. of age.
Collapse
|
28
|
Goulet C, Roy TO, Nadeau L, Hamel D, Fortier K, Emery CA. The Incidence and Types of Physical Contact Associated with Body Checking Regulation Experience in 13-14 Year Old Ice Hockey Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:ijerph13070668. [PMID: 27399750 PMCID: PMC4962209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ice hockey has one of the highest sport participation and injury rates in youth in Canada. Body checking (BC) is the predominant mechanism of injury in leagues in which it is permitted. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the incidence and types of physical contact differ for Bantam players (aged 13-14 years) who were exposed to BC at Pee Wee level (aged 11-12 years) in Calgary, Alberta versus Bantam players who were not exposed to BC at Pee Wee level in Québec City, Québec. All teams were exposed to BC at bantam level; METHODS A cohort study was conducted in Québec City and Calgary. Sixteen games for Calgary and 15 for Québec City were randomly selected and analysed with a validated observation system to quantify five intensities of physical contact and to observe different types of physical contact such as slashing and holding; RESULTS A total of 5610 incidences of physical contact with the trunk and 3429 other types of physical contact were observed. Very light intensity trunk contact was more frequent in Calgary (adjusted incidence RR (ARR): 1.71; 95% CI: 1.28-2.29). Holding (ARR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02-1.07) and slashing (ARR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.07-1.77) were more frequent in Calgary; CONCLUSION RESULTS suggest that players' physical contacts differ between Bantam leagues in which BC was permitted at Pee Wee level and leagues in which it was not permitted until Bantam level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Thierry-Olivier Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Luc Nadeau
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Denis Hamel
- Québec Public Health Institute, Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada.
| | - Kristine Fortier
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jacob R, Lamarche B, Provencher V, Laramée C, Valois P, Goulet C, Drapeau V. Evaluation of a Theory-Based Intervention Aimed at Improving Coaches' Recommendations on Sports Nutrition to Their Athletes. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016; 116:1308-15. [PMID: 27234619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coaches are a major source of nutrition information and influence for young athletes. Yet, most coaches do not have training in nutrition to properly guide their athletes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at improving the accuracy of coaches' recommendations on sports nutrition. DESIGN This was a quasi-experimental study with a comparison group and an intervention group. Measurements were made at baseline, post-intervention, and after a 2-month follow-up period. Coaches' recommendations on sports nutrition during the follow-up period were recorded in a diary. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING High school coaches from various sports (n=41) were randomly assigned to a comparison group or an intervention group. INTERVENTION Both groups attended two 90-minute sessions of a theory-based intervention targeting determinants of coaches' intention to provide recommendations on sports nutrition. The intervention group further received an algorithm that summarizes sports nutrition guidelines to help promote decision making on sports nutrition recommendations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Nutrition knowledge and accuracy of coaches' recommendations on sports nutrition. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED χ(2) analyses and t-tests were used to compare baseline characteristics; mixed and general linear model analyses were used to assess the change in response to the intervention and differences in behaviors, respectively. RESULTS Coaches in the intervention vs comparison group provided more nutrition recommendations during the 2-month post-intervention period (mean number of recommendations per coach 25.7±22.0 vs 9.4±6.5, respectively; P=0.004) and recommendations had a greater accuracy (mean number of accurate recommendations per coach 22.4±19.9 [87.1%] vs 4.3±3.2 [46.1%], respectively; P<0.001). Knowledge was significantly increased post-intervention in both groups, but was maintained only in the intervention group during the 2-month follow-up (Pgroup*time=0.04). CONCLUSIONS A theory-based intervention combined with a decision-making algorithm maintained coaches' sports nutrition knowledge level over time and helped them to provide more accurate recommendations on sports nutrition.
Collapse
|
30
|
Merrell K, Davis B, Goulet C, Furutani K, Mynderse L, Wilson T, Deufel C, Birckhead B, Choo R. PO-1039: Comparison of seed migration to the chest after permanent prostate brachytherapy with loose, stranded or mixed seeds. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
31
|
Russell K, Meeuwisse W, Nettel-Aguirre A, Emery CA, Gushue S, Wishart J, Romanow N, Rowe BH, Goulet C, Hagel BE. Listening to a personal music player is associated with fewer but more serious injuries among snowboarders in a terrain park: a case-control study. Br J Sports Med 2014; 49:62-6. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
32
|
Lopez-Gonzalez M, Dolan E, Goulet C, Zimmer K. Role of Surgery in Brainstem Metastasis. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
33
|
Goulet C, Hagel B, Hamel D, Tremblay B. THE EFFECT OF REMOVING MAN-MADE JUMPS FROM SNOW-PARKS ON THE RISK OF SEVERE SKI-PATROL REPORTED INJURIES SUSTAINED BY SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS. Br J Sports Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
34
|
Romanow NTR, Pfister K, Rowe BH, Emery CA, Meeuwisse WH, Nettel-Aguirre A, Goulet C, Russell K, McRae A, Lang E, Hagel BE. RISK FACTORS FOR BODY REGION SPECIFIC INJURIES IN SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS. Br J Sports Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
35
|
Russell K, Meeuwisse WH, Nettel-Aguirre A, Emery CA, Wishart J, Romanow NTR, Rowe BH, Goulet C, Hagel BE. Feature-specific terrain park-injury rates and risk factors in snowboarders: a case-control study. Br J Sports Med 2013; 48:23-8. [PMID: 24184587 PMCID: PMC3888610 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Snowboarding is a popular albeit risky sport and terrain park (TP) injuries are more severe than regular slope injuries. TPs contain man-made features that facilitate aerial manoeuvres. The objectives of this study were to determine overall and feature-specific injury rates and the potential risk factors for TP injuries. Methods Case–control study with exposure estimation, conducted in an Alberta TP during two ski seasons. Cases were snowboarders injured in the TP who presented to ski patrol and/or local emergency departments. Controls were uninjured snowboarders in the same TP. κ Statistics were used to measure the reliability of reported risk factor information. Injury rates were calculated and adjusted logistic regression was used to calculate the feature-specific odds of injury. Results Overall, 333 cases and 1261 controls were enrolled. Reliability of risk factor information was κ>0.60 for 21/24 variables. The overall injury rate was 0.75/1000 runs. Rates were highest for jumps and half-pipe (both 2.56/1000 runs) and lowest for rails (0.43/1000 runs) and quarter-pipes (0.24/1000 runs). Compared with rails, there were increased odds of injury for half-pipe (OR 9.63; 95% CI 4.80 to 19.32), jumps (OR 4.29; 95% CI 2.72 to 6.76), mushroom (OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.20 to 4.41) and kickers (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.27 to 3.12). Conclusions Higher feature-specific injury rates and increased odds of injury were associated with features that promote aerial manoeuvres or a large drop to the ground. Further research is required to determine ways to increase snowboarder safety in the TP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Russell
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, , Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Russell K, Meeuwisse W, Nettel-Aguirre A, Emery CA, Wishart J, Romanow NT, Rowe BH, Goulet C, Hagel BE. Comparing the characteristics of snowboarders injured in a terrain park who present to the ski patrol, the emergency department or both. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2013; 21:244-51. [DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2013.812665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
37
|
Verhagen E, Gabbe B, Naughton G, Goulet C, Marino N. Symposium. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
38
|
Goulet C, Tremblay B, Hamel D, Hagel B. REMOVING MAN-MADE JUMPS FROM SNOW-PARKS REDUCES THE RISK OF SEVERE SKI-PATROL REPORTED INJURIES SUSTAINED BY SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580e.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
39
|
Malenfant S, Goulet C, Nadeau L, Hamel D, Emery CA. The incidence of behaviours associated with body checking among youth ice hockey players. J Sci Med Sport 2012; 15:463-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
40
|
Emery C, Kang J, Shrier I, Goulet C, Hagel B, Benson B, Nettel-Aguirre A, McAllister J, Meeuwisse W. Risk of injury associated with bodychecking experience among youth hockey players. CMAJ 2011; 183:1249-56. [PMID: 21690221 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous prospective study, the risk of concussion and all injury was more than threefold higher among Pee Wee ice hockey players (ages 11-12 years) in a league that allows bodychecking than among those in a league that does not. We examined whether two years of bodychecking experience in Pee Wee influenced the risk of concussion and other injury among players in a Bantam league (ages 13-14) compared with Bantam players introduced to bodychecking for the first time at age 13. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study involving hockey players aged 13-14 years in the top 30% of divisions of play in their leagues. Sixty-eight teams from the province of Alberta (n = 995), whose players had two years of bodychecking experience in Pee Wee, and 62 teams from the province of Quebec (n = 976), whose players had no bodychecking experience in Pee Wee, participated. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for injury and for concussion. RESULTS There were 272 injuries (51 concussions) among the Bantam hockey players who had bodychecking experience in Pee Wee and 244 injuries (49 concussions) among those without such experience. The adjusted IRRs for game-related injuries and concussion overall between players with bodychecking experience in Pee Wee and those without it were as follows: injury overall 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63 to 1.16); concussion overall 0.84 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.48); and injury resulting in more than seven days of time loss (i.e., time between injury and return to play) 0.67 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.99). The unadjusted IRR for concussion resulting in more than 10 days of time loss was 0.60 (95% CI 0.26 to 1.41). INTERPRETATION The risk of injury resulting in more than seven days of time loss from play was reduced by 33% among Bantam hockey players in a league where bodychecking was allowed two years earlier in Pee Wee compared with Bantam players introduced to bodychecking for the first time at age 13. In light of the increased risk of concussion and other injury among Pee Wee players in a league where bodychecking is permitted, policy regarding the age at which hockey players are introduced to bodychecking requires further consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Roger Jackson Centre for Health and Wellness Research, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Russell K, Meeuwisse WH, Nettel-Aguirre A, Emery CA, Ruest N, Wishart J, Rowe BH, Goulet C, Hagel BE. Injuries and terrain park feature use among snowboarders in alberta. Br J Sports Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2011.084038.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
42
|
Keays G, Pless IB, Goulet C. Effect of a lockout of professional ice hockey players on injuries among minor league players. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
43
|
Goulet C, Nadeau L, Emery CA, Hamel D, Malenfant S. The incidence of behaviours associated with body checking among young ice hockey players. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
44
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document the use of performance-enhancing substances (PES) by young athletes and to identify associated factors. DESIGN Retrospective survey. SETTING Self-reported anonymous questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS Three thousand five hundred seventy-three athletes (mean age, 15.5 years) from Quebec provincial teams run by organizations recognized by the Government of Quebec. INTERVENTIONS All subjects filled out a validated questionnaire on factors associated with the use of and the intention to use PES. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The use of and intention to use PES. RESULTS In the 12 months before filling out the questionnaire, 25.8% of respondents admitted having attempted to improve their athletic performance by using 1 or more of 15 substances that were entirely prohibited or restricted by the International Olympic Committee. Multiple regression analyses showed that behavioral intention (beta = 0.34) was the main predictor of athletes' use of PES. Attitude (beta = 0.09), subjective norm (beta = 0.13), perceived facilitating factors (beta = 0.40), perceived moral obligation (beta = -0.18), and pressure from the athlete's entourage to gain weight (beta = 0.10) were positively associated with athletes' behavioral intention to use PES. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that supports the predicting value of the theory of planned behavior. Results suggest that the athlete's psychosocial environment has a significant impact on the decision to use PES and support the need to integrate this factor into the development and implementation of prevention interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Emery CA, Kang J, Shrier I, Goulet C, Hagel BE, Benson BW, Nettel-Aguirre A, McAllister JR, Hamilton GM, Meeuwisse WH. Risk of injury associated with body checking among youth ice hockey players. JAMA 2010; 303:2265-72. [PMID: 20530780 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ice hockey has one of the highest sport participation and injury rates in youth in Canada. Body checking is the predominant mechanism of injury in leagues in which it is permitted. OBJECTIVE To determine if risk of injury and concussion differ for Pee Wee (ages 11-12 years) ice hockey players in a league in which body checking is permitted (Alberta, Canada) vs a league in which body checking is not permitted (Quebec, Canada). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study conducted in Alberta and Quebec during the 2007-2008 Pee Wee ice hockey season. Participants (N = 2154) were players from teams in the top 60% of divisions of play. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence rate ratios adjusted for cluster based on Poisson regression for game- and practice-related injury and concussion. RESULTS Seventy-four Pee Wee teams from Alberta (n = 1108 players) and 76 Pee Wee teams from Quebec (n = 1046 players) completed the study. In total, there were 241 injuries (78 concussions) reported in Alberta (85 077 exposure-hours) and 91 injuries (23 concussions) reported in Quebec (82 099 exposure-hours). For game-related injuries, the Alberta vs Quebec incidence rate ratio was 3.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.31-4.60 [n = 209 and n = 70 for Alberta and Quebec, respectively]) for all injuries, 3.88 (95% CI, 1.91-7.89 [n = 73 and n = 20]) for concussion, 3.30 (95% CI, 1.77-6.17 [n = 51 and n = 16]) for severe injury (time loss, >7 days), and 3.61 (95% CI, 1.16-11.23 [n=14 and n=4]) for severe concussion (time loss, >10 days). The estimated absolute risk reduction (injuries per 1000 player-hours) that would be achieved if body checking were not permitted in Alberta was 2.84 (95% CI, 2.18-3.49) for all game-related injuries, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.40-1.04) for severe injuries, 1.08 (95% CI, 0.70-1.46) for concussion, and 0.20 (95% CI, 0.04-0.37) for severe concussion. There was no difference between provinces for practice-related injuries. CONCLUSION Among 11- to 12-year-old ice hockey players, playing in a league in which body checking is permitted compared with playing in a league in which body checking is not permitted was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of all game-related injuries and the categories of concussion, severe injury, and severe concussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
In a case-control study, the authors examined the relation between helmet use and neck injury among Québec, Canada, skiers and snowboarders using 10 years of ski patrol data (1995-1996 to 2004-2005). Cases were defined as persons with any neck injury (n = 2,986), an isolated neck injury requiring ambulance evacuation (n = 522), or a cervical spine fracture or dislocation (n = 318). The control group included persons with non-head, non-neck injuries (n = 97,408) in an unmatched analysis. The authors also matched cases with controls injured at the same ski area, during the same activity (skiing vs. snowboarding), and during the same season. Helmet use was the primary exposure variable. For the unmatched analysis, the authors used unconditional logistic regression and adjusted for clustering by ski area and other covariates. They used conditional logistic regression for the matched analysis. Multiple imputation was used to address missing values. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95, 1.25) for any neck injury, 1.28 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.71) for isolated ambulance-evacuated neck injuries, and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.31) for cervical spine fractures or dislocations. Similar results were found in the conditional logistic regression analysis and in analyses restricted to children under age 11 years. These results do not suggest that helmets increase the risk of neck injuries among skiers and snowboarders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent E Hagel
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Emery CA, Goulet C, Shrier I, Meeuwisse WH, Hagel B, Benson B, Kang J. Is Policy Related to Body Checking a Risk Factor for in jury in Youth Ice Hockey Players? Paediatr Child Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/15.suppl_a.71a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
48
|
Goulet C, Hagel BE, Hamel D, Légaré G. Self-reported skill level and injury severity in skiers and snowboarders. J Sci Med Sport 2010; 13:39-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 10/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
49
|
Emery C, Goulet C, Shrier I, Meeuwisse W, Hagel B, Benson B, Kang J. The risk of injury associated with body checking in Canadian youth ice hockey. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
50
|
Shrier I, Feldman D, Akakpo H, Mazer B, Goulet C, Khelia I, Meeuwisse W, Swaine B. Discordance in injury reporting between youth-athletes, their parents and coaches. J Sci Med Sport 2008; 12:633-6. [PMID: 18656423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hiring experienced health professionals to collect data on sport injuries is expensive, limits resources, and may be prohibitive for surveillance studies. The objective of this study was to obtain pilot data on whether youth self-report deserves further study. We followed 67 recreational and elite soccer players aged 11-17 for one season and compared responses of injured players with those of their parents/coaches. We defined our main outcome of discordance as any disagreement in responses between the youth, parent and coach (triad). When one person didn't know the answer, we categorised the responses as "concordance" if the other two members agreed. We omitted data when two people responded "Don't Know". Of 10 injuries that could be analysed, 29/30 interviews occurred within 21 days. For factual questions analysed, there was 100% concordance for the type and side of injury, and place where the injury occurred. There were 1-2 discordant triads for each of time of day, activity during injury and specific body part injured. There were greater discordances for date of injury, first-aid treatment, and opinions concerning underlying reasons for the injury. Interview-report by youth themselves should be explored as a possible low cost method of documenting youth sport injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Shrier
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, the Department of Family Medicine, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|