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Walsh R, Reath J, Gunasekera H, Leach A, Kong K, Askew D, Girosi F, Hu W, Usherwood T, Lujic S, Spurling G, Morris P, Watego C, Harkus S, Woodall C, Tyson C, Campbell L, Hussey S, Abbott P. INFLATE: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial comparing nasal balloon autoinflation to no nasal balloon autoinflation for otitis media with effusion in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Trials 2022; 23:309. [PMID: 35421984 PMCID: PMC9009496 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Otitis media with effusion (OME) is common and occurs at disproportionately higher rates among Indigenous children. Left untreated, OME can negatively affect language, development, learning, and health and wellbeing throughout the life-course. Currently, OME care includes observation for 3 months followed by consideration of surgical ventilation tube insertion. The use of a non-invasive, low-cost nasal balloon autoinflation device has been found beneficial in other populations but has not been investigated among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. METHODS/DESIGN This multi-centre, open-label, randomised controlled trial will determine the effectiveness of nasal balloon autoinflation compared to no nasal balloon autoinflation, for the treatment of OME among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Australia. Children aged 3-16 years with unilateral or bilateral OME are being recruited from Aboriginal Health Services and the community. The primary outcome is the proportion of children showing tympanometric improvement of OME at 1 month. Improvement is defined as a change from bilateral type B tympanograms to at least one type A or C1 tympanogram, or from unilateral type B tympanogram to type A or C1 tympanogram in the index ear, without deterioration (type A or C1 to type C2, C3, or B tympanogram) in the contralateral ear. A sample size of 340 children (170 in each group) at 1 month will detect an absolute difference of 15% between groups with 80% power at 5% significance. Anticipating a 15% loss to follow-up, 400 children will be randomised. The primary analysis will be by intention to treat. Secondary outcomes include tympanometric changes at 3 and 6 months, hearing at 3 months, ear health-related quality of life (OMQ-14), and cost-effectiveness. A process evaluation including perspectives of parents or carers, health care providers, and researchers on trial implementation will also be undertaken. DISCUSSION INFLATE will answer the important clinical question of whether nasal balloon autoinflation is an effective and acceptable treatment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with OME. INFLATE will help fill the evidence gap for safe, low-cost, accessible OME therapies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617001652369 . Registered on 22 December 2017. The Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry is a primary registry of the WHO ICTRP network and includes all items from the WHO Trial Registration data set. Retrospective registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Walsh
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Reath
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Amanda Leach
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Kelvin Kong
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Deborah Askew
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Federico Girosi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wendy Hu
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy Usherwood
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sanja Lujic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Spurling
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Southern Queensland Centre of Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care (Inala Indigenous Health Service) Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Morris
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia
| | - Chelsea Watego
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Claudette Tyson
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Sylvia Hussey
- Townsville Aboriginal and Islander Health Service, Townsville, Australia
| | - Penelope Abbott
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
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Campbell L, Reath J, Hu W, Gunasekera H, Askew D, Watego C, Kong K, Walsh R, Doyle K, Leach A, Tyson C, Abbott P. The socioemotional challenges and consequences for caregivers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with otitis media: A qualitative study. Health Expect 2022; 25:1374-1383. [PMID: 35297133 PMCID: PMC9327870 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Living with ear disease can have extensive impacts on physical, emotional and social well-being. This study explored otitis media (OM) and its management from the perspective of caregivers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted from 2015 to 2020 with caregivers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with OM. Thematic analysis of transcripts was undertaken using a constructivist grounded theory approach through the leadership and the cultural lens of an Aboriginal community-based researcher. RESULTS Caregivers described OM as having profound impacts on their child's physical, developmental, and emotional well-being, with long waits for specialist treatment contributing to extra strain on families. Children's well-being suffered when OM was mistaken for poor behaviour and children were punished, with caregivers subsequently experiencing strong feelings of guilt. Concerns were conveyed about the social implications of having a sick child. The variable nature of OM symptoms meant that caregivers had to monitor closely for sequelae and advocate for appropriate treatment. Success in navigating the diagnosis and treatment of OM can be strongly impacted by the relationship between caregivers and health professionals and the perceived access to respectful, collaborative and informative healthcare. CONCLUSION OM may have substantial social and emotional consequences for children and their caregivers. A holistic understanding of the way in which OM impacts multiple facets of health and well-being, as well as recognition of challenges in accessing proper care and treatment, will aid families managing OM and its sequelae. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Governing boards, managers, staff and community members from five Australian Aboriginal Medical Services were involved in the approval, management and conduct of this study and the wider clinical trials. The caregivers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients at these services informed the interview study and guided its purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia Campbell
- Kalwun Development Corporation, Gold Coast, Australia.,Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Jennifer Reath
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Wendy Hu
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Hasantha Gunasekera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Askew
- Primary Care Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chelsea Watego
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kelvin Kong
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Robyn Walsh
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Kerrie Doyle
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Amanda Leach
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Australia
| | - Claudette Tyson
- Southern Queensland Centre of Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care (Inala Indigenous Health Service), Metro South Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Penelope Abbott
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Abbott P, Askew D, Watego C, Hu WC, Campbell L, Tyson C, Walsh R, Hussey S, Doyle K, Gunasekera H, Leach AJ, Usherwood T, Armstrong-Kearns J, Reath J. Randomised clinical trial research within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health services: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050839. [PMID: 34952874 PMCID: PMC8710871 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better understand how to undertake valuable, ethical and sustainable randomised controlled clinical trial (RCT) research within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health services. DESIGN In a qualitative approach, we utilised data collected between 2013 and 2020 during the planning and implementation of two RCTs. The data comprised agreed records of research meetings, and semistructured interviews with clinical trial stakeholders. The stakeholders were parents/carers of child participants, and site-based research officers, healthcare providers and community advisory groups. Our thematic analysis was informed by constructivist grounded theory. SETTING The RCTs investigated the management of otitis media in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, with the first RCT commencing recruitment in 2014 and the second in 2017. They took place in Aboriginal Medical Services (AMSs), large primary health services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, based in urban and regional communities across two Australian states and one territory. RESULTS We analysed data from 56 meetings and 67 interviews, generating themes on making research valuable and undertaking ethical and sustainable RCTs. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership, and support of AMSs in their service delivery function were critical. The broad benefits of the trials were considered important to sustainability, including workforce development, enhanced ear healthcare and multidirectional research capacity building. Participants emphasised the long-term responsibility of research teams to deliver benefits to AMSs and communities regardless of RCT outcomes, and to focus on relationships, reciprocity and creating positive experiences of research. CONCLUSION We identify principles and strategies to assist in undertaking ethical and sustainable RCTs within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health services. Maintaining relationships with AMSs and focusing on mutual workforce development and capacity building creates opportunities for long-term benefits so that health research and RCTs work for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, services, communities and researchers. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12613001068752 (Pre-results); ACTRN12617001652369 (Pre-results).
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Abbott
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Askew
- Primary Care Clinical Unit, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chelsea Watego
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wendy Cy Hu
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Letitia Campbell
- Kalwun Development Corporation, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claudette Tyson
- Southern Queensland Centre of Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robyn Walsh
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sylvia Hussey
- Townsville Aboriginal and Islander Health Service, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerrie Doyle
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Amanda Jane Leach
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Tim Usherwood
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jennifer Reath
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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Pandeya NA, Schluter PJ, Spurling GK, Tyson C, Hayman NE, Askew DA. Factors Associated with Thoughts of Self-Harm or Suicide among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People Presenting to Urban Primary Care: An Analysis of De-Identified Clinical Data. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:153. [PMID: 35010413 PMCID: PMC8750353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Suicide amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is a major cause of premature mortality and a significant contributor to the health and life expectancy gap. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of thoughts of self-harm or suicide in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people attending an urban primary health care service and identify factors associated with these thoughts. Multilevel mixed-effects modified Poisson regression models were employed to analyse three years of data gathered during the annual Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health assessments. At their first health assessment, 11.5% (191/1664) of people reported thoughts of suicide or self-harm in the prior two weeks. Having children, participating in sport or community activities or being employed full-time decreased the risk of such thoughts. Conversely, factors relating to social exclusion including homelessness, drug use, unemployment and job insecurity increased the risk of thoughts of self-harm or suicide. Individual clinicians, health services, and policy-makers all have a role in suicide prevention. Clinicians need appropriate training to be able to respond to people expressing these thoughts. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community organisations need sovereignty and self-determination over resources to provide programs that promote cultural connectivity and address social exclusion, thereby saving lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha A Pandeya
- General Practice Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Philip J Schluter
- General Practice Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury-Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey K Spurling
- General Practice Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
- Southern Queensland Centre of Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care, Metro South Health, P.O. Box 52, Inala, QLD 4077, Australia
| | - Claudette Tyson
- Southern Queensland Centre of Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care, Metro South Health, P.O. Box 52, Inala, QLD 4077, Australia
| | - Noel E Hayman
- General Practice Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
- Southern Queensland Centre of Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care, Metro South Health, P.O. Box 52, Inala, QLD 4077, Australia
| | - Deborah A Askew
- General Practice Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
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Szabados B, Rodriguez-Vida A, Duran I, Crabb S, van der Heijden M, Pous AF, Gravis G, Herranz UA, Protheroe A, Ravaud A, Maillet D, Mendez M, Suarez C, Linch M, Prendergast A, Tyson C, Mousa K, Castellano D, Powles T. 199O A phase II study investigating neoadjuvant atezolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Final analysis. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Fan KW, Shu MK, Eddib A, Tyson C. 2126 Perioperative Outcomes of Combined Gynecologic Oncology and Urogynecologic Surgeries. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Shu MK, Fan KW, Tyson C, Eddib A. Postoperative Short-Term Outcomes of Robotic Sacrocolpoperineopexy Versus Robotic Sacrocolpopexy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Pittet F, Tyson C, Herrington JA, Houdelier C, Lumineau S. Postnatal care generates phenotypic behavioural correlations in the Japanese quail. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Hitchcock E, Patankar JV, Tyson C, Hrynchak M, Hayden MR, Gibson WT. A novel microdeletion affecting the CETP gene raises HDL-associated cholesterol levels. Clin Genet 2015; 89:495-500. [PMID: 26126777 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel, inherited 16q13 microdeletion that removes cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and several nearby genes. The proband was originally referred for severe childhood-onset obesity and moderate developmental delay, but his fasting lipid profile revealed relatively high levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and relatively low levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for age, despite his obesity. Testing of first-degree relatives identified two other microdeletion carriers. Functional assays in affected individuals showed decreased CETP mRNA expression and enzymatic activity. This microdeletion may or may not be pathogenic for obesity and developmental delay, but based on the lipid profile, the functional studies, and the phenotype of other patients with loss-of-function mutations of CETP, we believe this microdeletion to be antipathogenic for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hitchcock
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J V Patankar
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C Tyson
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada
| | - M Hrynchak
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada
| | - M R Hayden
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, Canada
| | - W T Gibson
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Tyson C, McAndrew C, Tuma PL, Pegg I, Sarkar A. Automated nonparametric method for detection of step-like features in biological data sets. Cytometry A 2015; 87:393-404. [PMID: 25652364 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Experimental data from single-molecule DNA-protein experiments, such as experiments using optical traps or magnetic tweezers, typically contain steps, plateaus, or dwell regions that are obscured by thermal and other noise sources. We present a nonparametric method for detecting step-like features in noisy biological data sets. Our algorithm does not assume that the steps can be modeled as Heaviside functions or any particular parametric form. No assumptions about the noise source, such as whether the noise is Gaussian or colored, are made either. Instead, for detection of plateaus, the algorithm uses the novel method of analyzing a probability distribution function of the data values. The vast majority of previously published methods for step detection rely on statistical fitting of step functions with the flat segments linked by vertical segments. Our approach is intended for use on data which cannot be modelled as a series of step functions but applies to step functions as a special case. These type of data traces have, so far, been difficult to characterize effectively. We examine the performance of the algorithm through systematic simulation studies and illustrate the use of our algorithm to analyze single molecule DNA-protein micromanipulation experiments carried out by our laboratory. The simulation results and experimental validation suggest that our method is very robust, avoids overfitting, and functions effectively in the presence of noise sources characteristic of single molecule experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tyson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064; Vitreous State Laboratory, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, 20064
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Qiao Y, Tyson C, Hrynchak M, Lopez-Rangel E, Hildebrand J, Martell S, Fawcett C, Kasmara L, Calli K, Harvard C, Liu X, Holden JJA, Lewis SME, Rajcan-Separovic E. Clinical application of 2.7M Cytogenetics array for CNV detection in subjects with idiopathic autism and/or intellectual disability. Clin Genet 2012; 83:145-54. [PMID: 22369279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Higher resolution whole-genome arrays facilitate the identification of smaller copy number variations (CNVs) and their integral genes contributing to autism and/or intellectual disability (ASD/ID). Our study describes the use of one of the highest resolution arrays, the Affymetrix(®) Cytogenetics 2.7M array, coupled with quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of short fluorescent fragments (QMPSF) for detection and validation of small CNVs. We studied 82 subjects with ASD and ID in total (30 in the validation and 52 in the application cohort) and detected putatively pathogenic CNVs in 6/52 cases from the application cohort. This included a 130-kb maternal duplication spanning exons 64-79 of the DMD gene which was found in a 3-year-old boy manifesting autism and mild neuromotor delays. Other pathogenic CNVs involved 4p14, 12q24.31, 14q32.31, 15q13.2-13.3, and 17p13.3. We established the optimal experimental conditions which, when applied to select small CNVs for QMPSF confirmation, reduced the false positive rate from 60% to 25%. Our work suggests that selection of small CNVs based on the function of integral genes, followed by review of array experimental parameters resulting in highest confirmation rate using multiplex PCR, may enhance the usefulness of higher resolution platforms for ASD and ID gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qiao
- BC Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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12
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Rajcan-Separovic E, Diego-Alvarez D, Robinson WP, Tyson C, Qiao Y, Harvard C, Fawcett C, Kalousek D, Philipp T, Somerville MJ, Stephenson MD. Identification of copy number variants in miscarriages from couples with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:2913-22. [PMID: 20847186 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as two or more miscarriages, affects 3-5% of couples trying to establish a family. Despite extensive evaluation, no factor is identified in ∼40% of cases. In this study, we investigated the possibility that submicroscopic chromosomal changes, not detectable by conventional cytogenetic analysis, exist in miscarriages with normal karyotypes (46,XY or 46,XX) from couples with idiopathic RPL. METHODS Array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) was used to assess for DNA copy number variants (CNVs) in 26 miscarriages with normal karyotypes. Parental array-CGH analysis was performed to determine if miscarriage CNVs were de novo or inherited. RESULTS There were 11 unique (previously not described) CNVs, all inherited, identified in 13 miscarriages from 8 couples. The maternal origin of two CNVs was of interest as they involved the imprinted genes TIMP2 and CTNNA3, which are only normally expressed from the maternal copy in the placenta. Two additional cohorts, consisting of 282 women with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and 61 fertile women, were screened for these two CNVs using a Quantitative Multiplex Fluorescent PCR of Short Fragments assay. One woman with RM, but none of the fertile women, carried the CTNNA3-associated CNV. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study shows that array-CGH is useful for detecting CNVs in cases of RPL. Further investigations of CNVs, particularly those involving genes that are imprinted in placenta, in women with RPL could be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rajcan-Separovic
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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13
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Qiao Y, Harvard C, Tyson C, Liu X, Fawcett C, Pavlidis P, Holden JJA, Lewis MES, Rajcan-Separovic E. Outcome of array CGH analysis for 255 subjects with intellectual disability and search for candidate genes using bioinformatics. Hum Genet 2010; 128:179-94. [PMID: 20512354 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Array CGH enables the detection of pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) in 5-15% of individuals with intellectual disability (ID), making it a promising tool for uncovering ID candidate genes. However, most CNVs encompass multiple genes, making it difficult to identify key disease gene(s) underlying ID etiology. Using array CGH we identified 47 previously unreported unique CNVs in 45/255 probands. We prioritized ID candidate genes using five bioinformatic gene prioritization web tools. Gene priority lists were created by comparing integral genes from each CNV from our ID cohort with sets of training genes specific either to ID or randomly selected. Our findings suggest that different training sets alter gene prioritization only moderately; however, only the ID gene training set resulted in significant enrichment of genes with nervous system function (19%) in prioritized versus non-prioritized genes from the same de novo CNVs (7%, p < 0.05). This enrichment further increased to 31% when the five web tools were used in concert and included genes within mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. Gene prioritization web tools enrich for genes with relevant function in ID and more readily facilitate the selection of ID candidate genes for functional studies, particularly for large CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qiao
- Department of Pathology (Cytogenetics), Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), 950 West 28th, Room 3060, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
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14
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Rajcan-Separovic E, Qiao Y, Tyson C, Harvard C, Fawcett C, Kalousek D, Stephenson M, Philipp T. Genomic changes detected by array CGH in human embryos with developmental defects. Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 16:125-34. [PMID: 19778950 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental abnormalities of human embryos can be visualized in utero using embryoscopy. Our previous embryoscopic and genetic evaluations detected developmental abnormalities in the majority of both euploid (74%) and aneuploid or polyploid (90%) miscarriages. Since we found the pattern of morphological changes to be similar in euploid and non-euploid embryos, we proposed that lethal submicroscopic changes, not detected by standard chromosome testing, may be responsible for miscarriage of euploid embryos. Whole genome oligo and bacterial artificial chromosome array comparative genome hybridization (CGH) was used to screen for submicroscopic chromosomal changes (DNA copy number variants or CNVs) in 17 euploid embryonic miscarriages, with a range of developmental abnormalities documented by embryoscopy. The CNV breakpoints were refined using a custom array (Agilent) with high resolution coverage of the CNVs. Six unique CNVs, previously not reported, were identified in 5 of the 17 embryos (29% of all cases or 50% of cases studied with higher resolution arrays). All six unique CNVs were <250 kb in size. On the basis of parental array CGH analysis, a de novo origin of a CNV was determined for one embryo (at 13q32.1) and suspected for another (at 10p15.3). Three CNVs, at Xq28, 1q25.3 and 7p14.3, were inherited and a CNV at 17p13.1 was of unknown origin. The genes contained within these unique CNVs will be discussed, with specific reference to rearrangements of syntaxin and tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD) repeat genes. Our report describes for the first time, de novo and inherited unique CNVs in euploid human embryos with specific developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rajcan-Separovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 4H4.
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Tyson C, Dawson A, Bal S, Tomiuk M, Anderson T, Tucker D, Riordan D, Chudoba I, Morash B, Mhanni A, Chudley A, McGillivray B, Parslow M, Rappold G, Roeth R, Fawcett C, Qiao Y, Harvard C, Rajcan-Separovic E. Molecular cytogenetic investigation of two patients with Y chromosome rearrangements and intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:490-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Tyson C, Harvard C, Locker R, Friedman JM, Langlois S, Lewis MES, Van Allen M, Somerville M, Arbour L, Clarke L, McGilivray B, Yong SL, Siegel-Bartel J, Rajcan-Separovic E. Submicroscopic deletions and duplications in individuals with intellectual disability detected by array-CGH. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 139:173-85. [PMID: 16283669 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) affects about 3% of the population (IQ < 70), and in about 40% of moderate (IQ 35-49) to severe ID (IQ < 34), and 70% of cases of mild ID (IQ 50-70), the etiology of the disease remains unknown. It has long been suspected that chromosomal gains and losses undetectable by routine cytogenetic analysis (i.e., less than 5-10 Mb in size) are implicated in ID of unknown etiology. Array CGH has recently been used to perform a genome-wide screen for submicroscopic gains and losses in individuals with a normal karyotype but with features suggestive of a chromosome abnormality. In two recent studies, the technique has demonstrated a approximately 15% detection rate for de novo copy number changes of individual clones or groups of clones. Here, we describe a study of 22 individuals with mild to moderate ID and nonsyndromic pattern of dysmorphic features suspicious of an underlying chromosome abnormality, using the 3 Mb and 1 Mb commercial arrays (Spectral Genomics). Deletions and duplications of 16 clones, previously described to show copy number variability in normal individuals [Iafrate et al., 2004; Lapierre et al., 2004; Schoumans et al., 2004; Vermeesch et al., 2005] were seen in 21/22 subjects and were considered polymorphisms. In addition, three subjects showed submicroscopic deletions and duplications not previously reported as normal variants. Two of these submicroscopic changes were of de novo origin (microdeletions at 7q36.3 and a microduplication at 11q12.3-13.1) and one was of unknown origin as parental testing of origin could not be performed (microduplication of Xp22.3). The clinical description of the three subjects with submicroscopic chromosomal changes at 7q36.3, 11q12.3-13.1, Xp22.3 is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tyson
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Hamner MB, Frueh BC, Ulmer HG, Huber MG, Twomey TJ, Tyson C, Arana GW. Psychotic features in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia: comparative severity. J Nerv Ment Dis 2000; 188:217-21. [PMID: 10789998 DOI: 10.1097/00005053-200004000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic features are frequent in combat veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may correlate with severity of PTSD symptoms, and may reflect a distinct subtype of the disorder. These psychotic features include auditory and visual hallucinations and delusional thinking that is usually paranoid in nature. Psychotic features may be under-recognized in chronic PTSD because patients are reluctant to report these symptoms and because they may not have overt changes in affect or bizarre delusions characteristic of other psychoses, e.g., schizophrenia. To further assess these phenomena, we compared clinical ratings on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and other assessments, including the Clinical Global Impression Scale and the Structured Clinical Interview with Psychotic Screen, in veterans meeting DSM-IV criteria for chronic PTSD with well-defined comorbid psychotic features (N = 40) or chronic schizophrenia (N = 40). The patients with schizophrenia had modestly higher composite PANSS scores and positive symptom scores although average scores in both groups were moderate to severe in intensity. Negative symptom and general psychopathology subscale scores were comparable in both groups. Regarding specific positive symptoms, hallucinations were comparable between groups in severity; however, schizophrenia patients had slightly more intense delusions and conceptual disorganization. These data further validate the occurrence of positive as well as negative symptoms of psychosis in chronic PTSD in a range of severity that may approach that of patients with schizophrenia. Although meeting DSM-IV criteria for two different major psychiatric disorders, these two patient populations were remarkably similar with respect to not only positive but also negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Hamner
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29401, USA
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18
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Thomas S, Tyson C. Multimedia: a new look at HIM classroom instruction. J AHIMA 1998; 69:67-9. [PMID: 10180613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Thomas
- Houston Community College System, TX, USA
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Reigh G, McMahon H, Ishizaki M, Ohara T, Shimane K, Esumi Y, Green C, Tyson C, Ninomiya S. Cytochrome P450 species involved in the metabolism of quinoline. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17:1989-96. [PMID: 8824525 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/17.9.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoline is a hepatocarcinogen in rats and mice and a well-known mutagen in bacteria after incubation with rat liver microsomes. The specific cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in quinoline metabolism in human and rat liver microsomes were determined using cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450s, correlations with specific cytochrome P450-linked monooxygenase activities in human liver microsomes and inhibition by specific inhibitors and antibodies. CYP2A6 is the principal cytochrome P450 involved in the formation of quinoline-1-oxide in human liver microsomes (correlation coefficient r = 0.95), but is formed in only minute quantities in rat liver microsomes. CYP2E1 is the principal cytochrome P450 involved in the formation of 3-hydroxyquinoline (r = 0.93) in human liver microsomes and is involved in the formation in rat liver microsomes. A high correlation coefficient (r = 0.91) between CYP2A6 activity and quinoline-5,6-diol formation in human liver microsomes was observed, but this most likely reflects the involvement of CYP2A6 in the formation of quinoline-5,6-epoxide, from which the quinoline-5,6-diol is formed, as conversion of quinoline-5,6-epoxide to quinoline-5,6-diol on incubation of the epoxide with CYP2A6 could not be demonstrated. A cDNA-expressed human microsomal epoxide hydrolase, however, efficiently converted the epoxide to the diol and the microsomal epoxide inhibitor cyclohexene oxide inhibited quinoline-5,6-diol formation in rat liver microsomes. A preliminary kinetic analysis of quinoline metabolism in human liver microsomes was carried out and Eadie-Hofstee plots indicate that the formation of quinoline-5,6-diol is monophasic, while that of quinoline-1-oxide and 3-hydroxyquinoline is biphasic.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Reigh
- Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co. Ltd., Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
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Skett P, Tyson C, Guillouzo A, Maier P. Report on the international workshop on the use of human in vitro liver preparations to study drug metabolism in drug development. Held at Utrecht, The Netherlands, 6-8 September 1994. Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 50:280-5. [PMID: 7632175 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)90011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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