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Santana-Codina N, Marcé-Grau A, Muixí L, Nieva C, Marro M, Sebastián D, Muñoz JP, Zorzano A, Sierra A. GRP94 Is Involved in the Lipid Phenotype of Brain Metastatic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163883. [PMID: 31395819 PMCID: PMC6720951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation may happen in response to the pressure exerted by the microenvironment and is a key step in survival of metastatic cells. Brain metastasis occurs as a consequence of the systemic dissemination of tumor cells, a fact that correlates with poor prognosis and high morbidity due to the difficulty in identifying biomarkers that allow a more targeted therapy. Previously, we performed transcriptomic analysis of human breast cancer patient samples and evaluated the differential expression of genes in brain metastasis (BrM) compared to lung, bone and liver metastasis. Our network approach identified upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) as well as proteins related to synthesis of fatty acids (FA) in BrM. Here we report that BrM cells show an increase in FA content and decreased saturation with regard to parental cells measured by Raman spectroscopy that differentiate BrM from other metastases. Moreover, BrM cells exerted a high ability to oxidize FA and compensate hypoglycemic stress due to an overexpression of proteins involved in FA synthesis and degradation (SREBP-1, LXRα, ACOT7). GRP94 ablation restored glucose dependence, down-regulated ACOT7 and SREBP-1 and decreased tumorigenicity in vivo. In conclusion, GRP94 is required for the metabolic stress survival of BrM cells, and it might act as a modulator of lipid metabolism to favor BrM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Santana-Codina
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Marcé-Grau
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Muixí
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Nieva
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08908 Barcelona, Spain
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Marro
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Sierra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX-CRBC-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Marro M, Nieva C, de Juan A, Sierra A. Unravelling the Metabolic Progression of Breast Cancer Cells to Bone Metastasis by Coupling Raman Spectroscopy and a Novel Use of Mcr-Als Algorithm. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5594-5602. [PMID: 29589914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS) has shown promise as a tool to reveal biochemical changes that occur in cancer processes at the cellular level. However, when analyzing clinical samples, RS requires improvements to be able to resolve biological components from the spectra. We compared the strengths of Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) versus Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to deconvolve meaningful biological components formed by distinct mixtures of biological molecules from a set of mixed spectra. We exploited the flexibility of the MCR algorithm to easily accommodate different initial estimates and constraints. We demonstrate the ability of MCR to resolve undesired background signals from the RS that can be subtracted to obtain clearer cancer cell spectra. We used two triple negative breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB 231 and MDA-MB 435, to illustrate the insights obtained by RS that infer the metabolic changes required for metastasis progression. Our results show that increased levels of amino acids and lower levels of mitochondrial signals are attributes of bone metastatic cells, whereas lung metastasis tropism is characterized by high lipid and mitochondria levels. Therefore, we propose a method based on the MCR algorithm to achieve unique biochemical insights into the molecular progression of cancer cells using RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marro
- ICFO- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona) , Spain
| | - Claudia Nieva
- IDIBELL-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge , Av. Castelldefels, Km 2.7 , 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Anna de Juan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry , Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Angels Sierra
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center CELLEX-CRBC, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-IDIBAPS , Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX , 08036 Barcelona , Spain.,Faculty of Sciences , Universitat de VIC-Universitat Central de Catalunya , 08500 Vic, Barcelona , Spain
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Borras-Castells F, Nieva C, Maestro JL, Maestro O, Belles X, Martín D. Juvenile hormone biosynthesis in adult Blattella germanica requires nuclear receptors Seven-up and FTZ-F1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40234. [PMID: 28074850 PMCID: PMC5225475 DOI: 10.1038/srep40234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In insects, the transition from juvenile development to the adult stage is controlled by juvenile hormone (JH) synthesized from the corpora allata (CA) glands. Whereas a JH-free period during the last juvenile instar triggers metamorphosis and the end of the growth period, the reappearance of this hormone after the imaginal molt marks the onset of reproductive adulthood. Despite the importance of such transition, the regulatory mechanism that controls it remains mostly unknown. Here, using the hemimetabolous insect Blattella germanica, we show that nuclear hormone receptors Seven-up-B (BgSvp-B) and Fushi tarazu-factor 1 (BgFTZ-F1) have essential roles in the tissue- and stage-specific activation of adult CA JH-biosynthetic activity. Both factors are highly expressed in adult CA cells. Moreover, RNAi-knockdown of either BgSvp-B or BgFTZ-F1 results in adult animals with a complete block in two critical JH-dependent reproductive processes, vitellogenesis and oogenesis. We show that this reproductive blockage is the result of a dramatic impairment of JH biosynthesis, due to the CA-specific reduction in the expression of two key JH biosynthetic enzymes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase-1 (BgHMG-S1) and HMG-reductase (BgHMG-R). Our findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the specific changes in the CA gland necessary for the proper transition to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Borras-Castells
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Nieva
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Maestro
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Maestro
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Belles
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Martín
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Marro M, Nieva C, Sanz-Pamplona R, Sierra A. Molecular monitoring of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells by means of Raman spectroscopy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 2014; 1843:1785-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Nieva C, Marro M, Santana-Codina N, Rao S, Petrov D, Sierra A. The lipid phenotype of breast cancer cells characterized by Raman microspectroscopy: towards a stratification of malignancy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46456. [PMID: 23082122 PMCID: PMC3474759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although molecular classification brings interesting insights into breast cancer taxonomy, its implementation in daily clinical care is questionable because of its expense and the information supplied in a single sample allocation is not sufficiently reliable. New approaches, based on a panel of small molecules derived from the global or targeted analysis of metabolic profiles of cells, have found a correlation between activation of de novo lipogenesis and poorer prognosis and shorter disease-free survival for many tumors. We hypothesized that the lipid content of breast cancer cells might be a useful indirect measure of a variety of functions coupled to breast cancer progression. Raman microspectroscopy was used to characterize metabolism of breast cancer cells with different degrees of malignancy. Raman spectra from MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, MCF7 and MCF10A cells were acquired with an InVia Raman microscope (Renishaw) with a backscattered configuration. We used Principal Component Analysis and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analyses to assess the different profiling of the lipid composition of breast cancer cells. Characteristic bands related to lipid content were found at 3014, 2935, 2890 and 2845 cm(-1), and related to lipid and protein content at 2940 cm(-1). A classificatory model was generated which segregated metastatic cells and non-metastatic cells without basal-like phenotype with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 82.1%. Moreover, expression of SREBP-1c and ABCA1 genes validated the assignation of the lipid phenotype of breast cancer cells. Indeed, changes in fatty acid unsaturation were related with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype. Raman microspectroscopy is a promising technique for characterizing and classifying the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells on the basis of their lipid profiling. The algorithm for the discrimination of metastatic ability is a first step towards stratifying breast cancer cells using this rapid and reagent-free tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nieva
- IDIBELL-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Marro
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naiara Santana-Codina
- IDIBELL-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- UAB-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Satish Rao
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dmitri Petrov
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Sierra
- IDIBELL-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Santana N, Nieva C, Muixí L, Sierra A. 449 Dissecting Fatty Acid Metabolism in Brain Metastasis. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ajuria L, Nieva C, Winkler C, Kuo D, Samper N, Andreu MJ, Helman A, González-Crespo S, Paroush Z, Courey AJ, Jiménez G. Capicua DNA-binding sites are general response elements for RTK signaling in Drosophila. Development 2011; 138:915-24. [PMID: 21270056 DOI: 10.1242/dev.057729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RTK/Ras/MAPK signaling pathways play key functions in metazoan development, but how they control expression of downstream genes is not well understood. In Drosophila, it is generally assumed that most transcriptional responses to RTK signal activation depend on binding of Ets-family proteins to specific cis-acting sites in target enhancers. Here, we show that several Drosophila RTK pathways control expression of downstream genes through common octameric elements that are binding sites for the HMG-box factor Capicua, a transcriptional repressor that is downregulated by RTK signaling in different contexts. We show that Torso RTK-dependent regulation of terminal gap gene expression in the early embryo critically depends on Capicua octameric sites, and that binding of Capicua to these sites is essential for recruitment of the Groucho co-repressor to the huckebein enhancer in vivo. We then show that subsequent activation of the EGFR RTK pathway in the neuroectodermal region of the embryo controls dorsal-ventral gene expression by downregulating the Capicua protein, and that this control also depends on Capicua octameric motifs. Thus, a similar mechanism of RTK regulation operates during subdivision of the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral embryonic axes. We also find that identical DNA octamers mediate Capicua-dependent regulation of another EGFR target in the developing wing. Remarkably, a simple combination of activator-binding sites and Capicua motifs is sufficient to establish complex patterns of gene expression in response to both Torso and EGFR activation in different tissues. We conclude that Capicua octamers are general response elements for RTK signaling in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiore Ajuria
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona-CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Mané-Padrós D, Cruz J, Vilaplana L, Nieva C, Ureña E, Bellés X, Martín D. The hormonal pathway controlling cell death during metamorphosis in a hemimetabolous insect. Dev Biol 2010; 346:150-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cruz J, Nieva C, Mané-Padrós D, Martín D, Bellés X. Nuclear receptor BgFTZ-F1 regulates molting and the timing of ecdysteroid production during nymphal development in the hemimetabolous insectBlattella germanica. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:3179-91. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Nieva C, Spindler-Barth M, Spindler KD. Impact of heterodimerization on intracellular localization of the ecdysteroid receptor (EcR). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2008; 68:40-48. [PMID: 18271015 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Initially, nuclear import of the ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) in vertebrate cells (CHO-K1 and COS-7) does not afford a heterodimerization partner. Later on, EcR is retained in the nucleus only in the presence of a heterodimerization partner. Ultraspiracle (Usp) is more efficient compared to its vertebrate orthologue RXR and leads to an exclusively nuclear localization of EcR even in the absence of ligand. The DNA binding domain of the heterodimerization partner is important for retainment of EcR in the nucleus as shown by Usp4 (Usp(R130C)), which has lost its DNA binding capability. The C-terminal end of Usp (Usp(Delta205-508)) encompassing the C-terminal part of the D-domain and the E- and F-domains are essential for retainment of EcR in the nucleus. Nuclear localization is further influenced by cell-specific factors, since hormone and heterodimerization stabilizes the EcR protein in a cell-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nieva
- Institute of General Zoology and Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Nieva C, Spindler-Barth M, Azoitei A, Spindler KD. Influence of hormone on intracellular localization of the Drosophila melanogaster ecdysteroid receptor (EcR). Cell Signal 2007; 19:2582-7. [PMID: 17884338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of hormone the ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) is distributed between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Addition of the hormone muristerone A increases nuclear localization of wild type EcR within 5-10 min. Mutation of M504 to alanine, an amino acid, which is essential for ligand binding and which is situated in helix 5 of the ligand binding domain, abolishes hormone binding but still allows nuclear localization at only slightly reduced levels in the absence of hormone, whereas nuclear localization of EcR(M504R) is nearly abolished. Cotransfection with ultraspiracle (USP), the invertebrate ortholog of RXR, leads to exclusively nuclear localization of wild type EcR and EcR(M504A) indicating that basal heterodimerization in the absence of hormone is still possible. In the presence of Usp, EcR(M504R) is only partially localized in the nucleus. EMSA experiments show that the ligand muristerone A enhances binding of wild type EcR, but only slightly of mutated EcRs, to the canonical hsp 27 ecdysone response element. This is confirmed by transactivation studies. The results indicate that the architecture of the E-domain of EcR is important for nuclear localization even in the absence of a ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nieva
- Institute of General Zoology and Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Betanska K, Nieva C, Spindler-Barth M, Spindler KD. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) and of ultraspiracle (Usp) from Drosophila melanogaster in mammalian cells: energy requirement and interaction with exportin. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2007; 65:134-42. [PMID: 17570491 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The small G protein Ran, which is important for nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins is present, but does not interact with EcR, Usp, and EcR/Usp. As shown by oligomycin treatment, EcR, Usp, and EcR/Usp import is energy dependent. Export of EcR and EcR/Usp is mediated by exportin-1 (CRM-1) as shown by the inhibiting effect of leptomycin B (LMB). Usp remains in the nucleus for more than 24 h. Nuclear retainment of EcR and Usp is energy dependent as shown by treatment with oligomycin. No export signal could be identified for Usp. The data confirm that EcR and Usp can enter the nucleus independently and that intracellular localization is regulated individually for each receptor. It is also demonstrated that the export signal of EcR is inaccessible after heterodimerization with Usp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Betanska
- Department of General Zoology and Endocrinology, University of Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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Gwóźdź T, Dutko-Gwóźdź J, Nieva C, Betańska K, Orłowski M, Kowalska A, Dobrucki J, Spindler-Barth M, Spindler KD, Ozyhar A. EcR and Usp, components of the ecdysteroid nuclear receptor complex, exhibit differential distribution of molecular determinants directing subcellular trafficking. Cell Signal 2006; 19:490-503. [PMID: 17011166 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ecdysteroids coordinate development, reproduction and other essential biological processes in insects and other arthropods through the receptor which is a heterodimer of two members of the nuclear receptors superfamily, the ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) and the Ultraspiracle (Usp). Although the transcriptionally active EcR/Usp heterocomplex is believed to be the only functional form of the receptor, there are data indicating that EcR may be involved in the mediation of the non-genomic effects outside of the nucleus. Since the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling could be a key element determining participation of the single nuclear receptor molecule both in the genomic and non-genomic functions we have analyzed nuclear import and export properties of the EcR and Usp from Drosophila melanogaster. We show for the first time that both receptors exhibit differential distribution of the nuclear localization and nuclear export signals (NLSs and NESs). In particular, the Usp which exhibits exclusively nuclear localization in all cell types analyzed, contains apparently only NLS activity within the DNA-binding domain. In contrast, the three known EcR isoforms (A, B1 and B2) are mosaics of elements which can potentially mediate their nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. We have found two active NESs in ligand binding domain and NLS activity within the DNA-binding domain of all isoforms. Simultaneously we demonstrate that B1 and A isoforms possess an additional NLS activity localized in AB regions. We speculate that this characteristic, along with the previously reported structural pliability of the EcR molecule, allows the single receptor to evoke many different genomic as well as non-genomic ecdysteroid-dependent responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gwóźdź
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Nieva C, Busk PK, Domínguez-Puigjaner E, Lumbreras V, Testillano PS, Risueño MC, Pagès M. Isolation and functional characterisation of two new bZIP maize regulators of the ABA responsive gene rab28. Plant Mol Biol 2005; 58:899-914. [PMID: 16240181 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-8407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid regulates gene expression in response to growth stimuli and abiotic stress. Previous studies have implicated members of the bZIP family of transcription factors as mediators of abscisic acid dependent gene expression through the ABRE cis-element. Here, we identify two new maize bZIP transcription factors, EmBP-2 and ZmBZ-1 related to EmBP-1 and OsBZ-8 families. They are differentially expressed during embryo development; EmBP-2 is constitutive, whereas ZmBZ-1 is abscisic acid-inducible and accumulates during late embryogenesis. Both factors are nuclear proteins that bind to ABREs and activate transcription of the abscisic acid-inducible gene rab28 from maize. EmBP-2 and ZmBZ-1 are phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2 and phosphorylation alters their DNA binding properties. Our data suggest that EmBP-2 and ZmBZ-1 are involved in the expression of abscisic acid inducible genes such as rab28 and their activity is modulated by ABA and by phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nieva
- Departament de Genètica Molecular, IBMB, C.S.I.C., 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Zoology and Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter K Busk
- Departament de Genètica Molecular, IBMB, C.S.I.C., 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Virology and Molecular Toxicology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Victoria Lumbreras
- Departament de Genètica Molecular, IBMB, C.S.I.C., 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar S Testillano
- Plant Development and Nuclear Organization Unit, Biological Research Centre (CIB), C.S.I.C., C/Ramiro de Maeztu no. 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Carmen Risueño
- Plant Development and Nuclear Organization Unit, Biological Research Centre (CIB), C.S.I.C., C/Ramiro de Maeztu no. 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pagès
- Departament de Genètica Molecular, IBMB, C.S.I.C., 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nieva C, Gwóźdź T, Dutko-Gwóźdź J, Wiedenmann J, Spindler-Barth M, Wieczorek E, Dobrucki J, Duś D, Henrich V, Ozyhar A, Spindler KD. Ultraspiracle promotes the nuclear localization of ecdysteroid receptor in mammalian cells. Biol Chem 2005; 386:463-70. [PMID: 15927890 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2005.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The heterodimer consisting of ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP), both of which are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is considered to be the functional ecdysteroid receptor. Here we analyzed the subcellular distribution of EcR and USP fused to fluorescent proteins. The experiments were carried out in mammalian COS-7, CHO-K1 and HeLa cells to facilitate investigation of the subcellular trafficking of EcR and USP in the absence of endogenous expression of these two receptors. The distribution of USP tagged with a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP-USP) was almost exclusively nuclear in all cell types analyzed. The nuclear localization remained constant for at least 1 day after the first visible signs of expression. In contrast, the intracellular distribution of EcR tagged with a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP-EcR) varied and was dependent on time and cell type, although YFP-EcR alone was also able to partially translocate into the nuclear compartment. Coexpression of YFP-EcR with USP tagged with a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP-USP) resulted in exclusively nuclear localization of both proteins in all cell types analyzed. The USP-induced nuclear localization of YFP-EcR was stable for at least 20 hours. These experiments suggest that USP has a profound effect on the subcellular distribution of EcR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nieva
- Department of General Zoology and Endocrinology, University of Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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