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Macedo DC, Ishikawa ECM, Santos CB, Matos SN, Borges HB, Francisco AC. Proposed method for dimensionality reduction based on framework in gene expression domain. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:10582-91. [PMID: 25511043 DOI: 10.4238/2014.december.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The excessive use of attributes may affect the search for patterns and extraction of useful knowledge, because they harm the learning performance of algorithms in both speed and success rate. The use of dimensionality reduction methods is therefore an important alternative; however, these methods do not deal with the reduction of attributes in a specific area. This article presents a method based on framework concepts of domain for reducing attributes in a domain. The input method is a set of databases related to a domain, and the main process is the identification of common and variable attributes, plus the reduction of attributes in the original database. The proposed method was applied in the gene expression domain, using databases. The method can be used to analyze the most relevant attributes in a specific domain, granting greater confidence for models created for the application of a data mining task, thus, a previously known method in data mining. Attribute selection was also applied in the three databases for the comparison of the results. Analyses of the results using the criterion of cross-validation revealed that the employment of the methods resulted in the improvement of success rates compared to the databases containing the full range of attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Macedo
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, Anhui, China
| | - E C M Ishikawa
- Department of Veterinary, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, Anhui, China
| | - C B Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S N Matos
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H B Borges
- Centro de Atualização em Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A C Francisco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
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Santos CB, Araújo KCGM, Jardim-Botelho A, Santos MB, Rodrigues A, Dolabella SS, Gurgel RQ. Diarrhea incidence and intestinal infections among rotavirus vaccinated infants from a poor area in Brazil: a spatial analysis. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:399. [PMID: 24761937 PMCID: PMC4047769 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute diarrhea is the second leading cause of mortality among children under 5 years of age in developing countries. The pathogen most strongly associated with diarrhea is rotavirus followed by enteric pathogens such as bacteria, helminthes and protozoan. Adequate sanitation and water supply contribute to decrease acute diarrhea incidence of most etiologic agents, although vaccination remains the most important intervention to control rotavirus acute diarrhea. This study aimed to describe environmental conditions and analyze spatially the acute diarrhea and intestinal infection among rotavirus vaccinated infants from Laranjeiras-Sergipe, Brazil. METHODS Children were enrolled between 2 and 11 months of age and followed through 12 months. Demographic, socioeconomic and environmental data were obtained from a questionnaire, and immunization data were obtained from children vaccination card. Children stool samples were collected each month in order to run laboratory analyses. The household spatial localization was obtained by using a Global Positioning System (GPS). Spatial analysis was performed using the TerraView computer program and Kernel intensity estimation. RESULTS A total of 1,113 stool samples were collected with 80 being diarrhea associated. Diarrhea incidence rate was 0.5 ± 1.0 episodes/child/year. The overall infection rates by Ascaris lumbricoides, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia and rotavirus were 5.1%, 3.0%, 0.9% and 2.6%, respectively. 3.8% of diarrhea-associated stool samples were positive for rotavirus and 11.3% were positive for helminths and protozoans. There were some changes on spatial distribution of intestinal infections and diarrhea episodes along the four trimesters evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The studied infants live equally in precarious conditions of sanitation which probably explain the significant rates of parasitic infections appearing in early life. The low acute diarrhea incidence in the studied rotavirus vaccinated population and the low number of symptomatic rotavirus infection may indicate vaccination efficacy to prevent acute diarrhea among young children in a poor environmental sanitary setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Jardim-Botelho
- Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Márcio Bezerra Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Alda Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Queiroz Gurgel
- Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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Santos CB, Leite GR, Falqueto A. Does native bromeliads represent important breeding sites for Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in urbanized areas? Neotrop Entomol 2011; 40:278-281. [PMID: 21584412 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-566x2011000200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the importance of native bromeliads growing on rocky outcrops interspersed with urbanized areas as breeding sites for the Aedes aegypti (L.) in Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Oviposition traps were installed in backyards of houses in two separate zones. In the first zone houses were up to 50 m away from the rocky outcrops, while in the second zone they were at least at 200 m from the rocky outcrops. Aedes aegypti was significantly more abundant in the latter zone. The finding was that rocky outcrops with native bromeliads, even with the greater availability of potential breeding sites, do not play an important role as breeding sites for A. aegypti. This conclusion supports the hypothesis that the macrobiota of native bromeliads plays an important role in the natural control of A. aegypti. Besides, the interspecific competition between species of mosquitoes and the attractiveness of bromeliads could also be important factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Santos
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Univ Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.
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Avila R, Bottino CMC, Carvalho IAM, Santos CB, Seral C, Miotto EC. Neuropsychological rehabilitation of memory deficits and activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37:1721-9. [PMID: 15517089 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004001100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) gradually lose their cognitive competence, particularly memory, and the ability to perform daily life tasks. Neuropsychological rehabilitation is used to improve cognitive functions by facilitating memory performance through the use of external aids and internal strategies. The effect of neuropsychological rehabilitation through memory training - motor movements, verbal association, and categorization - and activities of daily living (ADL) training was tested in a sample of 5 elderly out-patients (mean age: 77.4 +/- 2.88 years), with mild AD (Mini-Mental State Examination score: 22.20 +/- 2.17) and their caregivers. All patients had been taking rivastigmine (6-12 mg/day) for at least 3 months before being assigned to the rehabilitation sessions, and they continued to take the medication during the whole program. Just before and after the 14-week neuropsychological rehabilitation program all patients were assessed by interviewers that did not participate in the cognitive training, using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montgomery-Alsberg Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Interview to Determine Deterioration in Functioning in Dementia, Functional Test, Memory Questionnaire of Daily Living for patient and caregiver, Quality of Life Questionnaire for patient and caregiver, and a neuropsychological battery. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in ADL measured by Functional Test (P = 0.04), and only a small improvement in memory and psychiatric symptoms. Our results support the view that weekly stimulation of memory and training of ADL is believed to be of great value in AD treatment, not only delaying the progress of the disease, but also improving some cognitive functions and ADL, even though AD is a progressively degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Avila
- Projeto Terceira Idade, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Segura-Muñoz SI, Takayanagui AMM, Trevilato TMB, Santos CB, Hering SE. Trace metal distribution in surface soil in the area of a municipal solid waste landfill and a medical waste incinerator. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2004; 72:157-164. [PMID: 15058668 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S I Segura-Muñoz
- Department of Maternal-Infant Nursing and Public Health, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Brazil
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Falqueto A, Sessa PA, Ferreira AL, Vieira VP, Santos CB, Varejão JB, Cupolillo E, Porrozzi R, Carvalho-Paes LE, Grimaldi Júnior G. Epidemiological and clinical features of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 98:1003-10. [PMID: 15049080 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762003000800004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Between 1985 and 2000, epidemiological surveys of the American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) were carried out in several rural and urban communities in Espírito Santo, Brazil. A total of 100 stocks of Leishmania (comprising isolates from both human and canine hosts with ATL) were identified by two methods of molecular characterization, using specific monoclonal antibodies and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Parasite isolates from 19 municipalities were found to belong to the same zymodeme and serodeme type as of the Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis reference strain. In contrast, our genotyping studies have shown intra-specific variation among these parasites (comparisons of the variability of the internal transcribed spacers between the small and large subunits of the rRNA genes of the 22 stocks studied revealed at least 11 genotypes). Two main clusters of L. (V.) braziliensis genotypes were observed, representing parasites collected from different endemic regions in the state, where transmission reflects distinct eco-epidemiological features. Infection with this pathogen was associated with the characteristic disease forms, but neither the clinical outcome nor the response to treatment could be related to the genetic polymorphism of the isolates, as defined by using the proposed methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Falqueto
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Patologia, Centro Biomédico, UFES, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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Abstract
FRAXE (FMR2) is a fragile site associated with mental impairment located in Xq28, 600 kb distal to FRAXA (FMR1), the fragile X syndrome fragile site. The FRAXE mutation is an expansion of a CCG repeat that results in methylation of a nearby CpG island. FRAXE alleles could be divided into four categories: normal (6-30 CCG repeats), intermediate (31-60 CCG repeats), premutation (61-200 CCG repeats), and full mutation (over 200 repeats). We have developed a non-isotopic polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for the identification of FRAXE full mutation alleles among mentally impaired men. In this novel PCR test for the FRAXE locus, we used three primers to permit an amplification of a 223 bp monomorphic internal control fragment in addition to the amplification of a 419 bp (CCG)(16) FRAXE locus band. A linear series of 93 male patients referred for FRAXE testing but found to be negative for the (CCG)(n) expansion in the FMR2 gene by Southern blotting analysis were retested by our PCR technique. In addition, we analyzed two positive controls consisting of a FRAXE fully mutated male and one male with a Xq terminal deletion. The developed PCR test showed accuracy of 100% in the normal individuals retested by PCR analysis, as well as in the two positive control samples utilized, in which the strategy of multiplex amplification worked as expected. Although not suitable for medical diagnosis of females and mosaics, it constitutes an important strategy for PCR typing and for FRAXE population screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Santos
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Youssef NCM, Roda CBD, Castilho CEA, Silveira CA, Guedes CIM, Santos CB, Rodrigues FM, Mendes GTB, Abrão KC, Réa-Neto A. Evaluation of thrombocytopenia in a general intensive care unit. Crit Care 2001. [PMCID: PMC3300987 DOI: 10.1186/cc1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- NCM Youssef
- CEPETI - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Terapia Intensiva, Brazil
| | - CBD Roda
- CEPETI - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Terapia Intensiva, Brazil
| | - CEA Castilho
- CEPETI - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Terapia Intensiva, Brazil
| | - CA Silveira
- CEPETI - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Terapia Intensiva, Brazil
| | - CIM Guedes
- CEPETI - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Terapia Intensiva, Brazil
| | - CB Santos
- CEPETI - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Terapia Intensiva, Brazil
| | - FM Rodrigues
- CEPETI - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Terapia Intensiva, Brazil
| | - GTB Mendes
- CEPETI - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Terapia Intensiva, Brazil
| | - KC Abrão
- CEPETI - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Terapia Intensiva, Brazil
| | - A Réa-Neto
- CEPETI - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Terapia Intensiva, Brazil
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Corte-Real S, Santos CB, Meirelles MN. Differential expression of the plasma membrane Mg2+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase activity during adhesion and interiorization of Leishmania amazonensis in fibroblasts in vitro. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1995; 27:359-66. [PMID: 7671216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
With ultrastructural cytochemistry we localized the activity of the plasma membrane enzyme markers Mg2+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase during the interaction between Leishmania amazonensis and in vitro primary culture fibroblasts. The expression of the enzymes was followed during the parasite adhesion and its interiorization. After the interiorization step, a striking difference was seen between the two enzymes studied when the parasite was found within the parasitophorous vacuole in the fibroblast cytoplasm. The activity of the Ca2+ ATPase found at the Leishmania amazonensis plasma membrane during the attachment step of the infection remained also present inside the phagosome, whereas the Mg2+ ATPase activity disappeared. So far, all the reports in the literature referred the presence of Ca2+ ATPase in Leishmania parasite only in the crude ghost plasma membrane. The Ca2+ ATPase present at the parasite plasma membrane may be involved in the regulation of calcium levels inside the phagosome. Further characterization of this Ca2+ ATPase at the plasma membrane of the parasite, when still inside the phagosome, should permit a better understanding of its functional role in maintaining the parasite surface membrane structure necessary for its existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Corte-Real
- Department of Ultrastructure and Cellular Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Santos CB, Kulczynski R. [Action of diazepam on intraocular tension]. Braz J Anesthesiol 1969; 19:174-87. [PMID: 5352456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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