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Afonso ET, Marques SM, Costa LDC, Fortes PM, Peixoto F, Bichuetti-Silva DC, Aredes NDA, Rosso CFW, Oliveira FDS, Fiaccadori FS, Souza MBDLDE, Silveira-Lacerda EDP, Bazilio GS, Borges CL, Rocha JAP, Naghettini AV, Costa PSSD, Guimarães RA. Secondary household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among children and adolescents: Clinical and epidemiological aspects. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:162-175. [PMID: 34590794 PMCID: PMC8661607 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the secondary attack rate (SAR) in children and adolescents, contacts of essential activities workers who were infected by SARS-CoV-2; and to describe associated clinical and epidemiological data. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted in children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years of age, that were household contacts of parents and other relatives who were infected by SARS-CoV-2 in the city of Goiânia, Central Brazil, from March to October 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from all participants. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and SAR were analyzed using Poisson regression. RESULTS A total of 267 children and adolescents were investigated. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by the real-time RT-PCR test and/or the presence of COVID-19 associated symptoms (anosmia/ageusia and flu syndrome) was 25.1% (95.0% Confidence Interval [95.0% CI] = 20.3-30.6). More than half (55.1%) of the participants had sygns and symptoms. The most prevalent signs and symptoms in positive individuals were nasal congestion (62.7%), headache (55.2%), cough (50.8%), myalgia (47.8%), runny nose (47.8%), and anosmia (47.8%). The Poisson model showed that the following signs or symptoms were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: fever, nasal congestion, decreased appetite, nausea, anosmia, and ageusia. Families that had more than one infected adult, in addition to the index case, presented greater transmissibility to children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to the hypothesis that children and adolescents are not important sources of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the home environment during a period of social distancing and school closure; even though they are susceptible to infection in the household (around ¼ of our study population).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane T Afonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Solomar M Marques
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lusmaia D C Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M Fortes
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Peixoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claci F W Rosso
- Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola S Fiaccadori
- Virology and Cell Culture Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Menira B de L D E Souza
- Virology and Cell Culture Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela S Bazilio
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of Higher Education, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Clayton L Borges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Juliana A P Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alessandra V Naghettini
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo S S da Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Macedo LM, de Ávila RI, Pedrino GR, Colugnati DB, Valadares MC, Lima EM, Borges CL, Kitten GT, Gava E, Castro CH. Effect of angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) on proliferation of stem cells from human dental apical papilla. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:366-378. [PMID: 32519379 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on stem cells isolated from human dental apical papilla (SCAPs) are completely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify RAS components expressed in SCAPs and the effects of angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang-(1-7) on cell proliferation. SCAPs were collected from third molar teeth of adolescents and maintained in cell culture. Messenger RNA expression and protein levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, and Mas, Ang II type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) receptors were detected in SCAPs. Treatment with either Ang II or Ang-(1-7) increased the proliferation of SCAPs. These effects were inhibited by PD123319, an AT2 antagonist. While Ang II augmented mTOR phosphorylation, Ang-(1-7) induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, SCAPs produce the main RAS components and both Ang II and Ang-(1-7) treatments induced cell proliferation mediated by AT2 activation through different intracellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M Macedo
- Integrative Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Neurological Pathophysiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Renato I de Ávila
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Pedrino
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Diego B Colugnati
- Integrative Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Neurological Pathophysiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marize C Valadares
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology (Tox In), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Lima
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Clayton L Borges
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Gregory T Kitten
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elisandra Gava
- Integrative Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Neurological Pathophysiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Castro
- Integrative Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Neurological Pathophysiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Casaletti L, Lima PS, Oliveira LN, Borges CL, Báo SN, Bailão AM, Soares CMA. Analysis of Paracoccidioides lutzii mitochondria: a proteomic approach. Yeast 2017; 34:179-188. [PMID: 27886402 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Paracoccidioides is composed of thermal dimorphic fungi, causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis, one of the most frequent systemic mycoses in Latin America. Mitochondria have sophisticated machinery for ATP production, which involves metabolic pathways such as citric acid and glyoxylate cycles, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, this organelle performs a variety of functions in the cell, working as an exceptional metabolic signalling centre that contributes to cellular stress responses, as autophagy and apoptosis in eukaryotic organisms. The aim of this work was to perform a descriptive proteomic analysis of mitochondria in Paracoccidioides lutzii yeast cells. After mitochondria fractionation, samples enriched in mitochondrial proteins were digested with trypsin and analysed using a NanoUPLC-MSE system (Waters Corporation, Manchester, UK). Ours results revealed that the established protocol for purification of mitochondria was very effective for P. lutzii, and 298 proteins were identified as primarily mitochondrial, in our analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first compilation of mitochondrial proteins from P. lutzii, to date. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Casaletti
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,Escola de Engenharia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 74605-010, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - P S Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - L N Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - C L Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - S N Báo
- Laboratório de Microscopia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - A M Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - C M A Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Silva PFF, Novaes E, Pereira M, Soares CMA, Borges CL, Salem-Izacc SM. In silico characterization of hypothetical proteins from Paracoccidioides lutzii. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:17416-25. [PMID: 26782383 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.21.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 60% of Paracoccidioides lutzii genes encode products annotated as hypothetical or predicted proteins (HPs). In this study, we describe the global detection and functional inference of HPs, using computational methods based on sequence similarity, identification of targeting signals, presence of known protein domains, and use of the Gene Ontology functional classification scheme. Our analysis enabled a high-throughput characterization of predicted cellular localization and presence of protein domains, clustering HPs into different functional categories including metabolism, localization, cell cycle, response to stimulus, and signaling. To investigate P. lutzii HP expression profiles, we used data obtained from the expressed sequence tag database (dbEST). These analyses revealed 2364 HPs expressed in different situations, namely in mycelial and yeast forms, during the transition from mycelium to yeast, and under conditions mimicking infection. Based on this transcriptomic data, we performed a functional enrichment analysis according to the domains present in the HPs expressed in each condition. The most overrepresented functional domains were those involved in the regulation of gene expression, suggesting important and as yet undescribed roles for these HPs in the adaptation of P. lutzii to environmental conditions. In addition, the expression profiles of six randomly selected HPs were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in order to verify their expression in the complementary DNA libraries analyzed in this investigation. The approach used in this study should improve functional characterization of P. lutzii HPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F F Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - E Novaes
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - M Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - C M A Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - C L Borges
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - S M Salem-Izacc
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
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5
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Tristão GB, Assunção LDP, Dos Santos LPA, Borges CL, Silva-Bailão MG, Soares CMDA, Cavallaro G, Bailão AM. Predicting copper-, iron-, and zinc-binding proteins in pathogenic species of the Paracoccidioides genus. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:761. [PMID: 25620964 PMCID: PMC4288321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately one-third of all proteins have been estimated to contain at least one metal cofactor, and these proteins are referred to as metalloproteins. These represent one of the most diverse classes of proteins, containing metal ions that bind to specific sites to perform catalytic, regulatory and structural functions. Bioinformatic tools have been developed to predict metalloproteins encoded by an organism based only on its genome sequence. Its function and the type of metal binder can also be predicted via a bioinformatics approach. Paracoccidioides complex includes termodimorphic pathogenic fungi that are found as saprobic mycelia in the environment and as yeast, the parasitic form, in host tissues. They are the etiologic agents of Paracoccidioidomycosis, a prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. Many metalloproteins are important for the virulence of several pathogenic microorganisms. Accordingly, the present work aimed to predict the copper, iron and zinc proteins encoded by the genomes of three phylogenetic species of Paracoccidioides (Pb01, Pb03, and Pb18). The metalloproteins were identified using bioinformatics approaches based on structure, annotation and domains. Cu-, Fe-, and Zn-binding proteins represent 7% of the total proteins encoded by Paracoccidioides spp. genomes. Zinc proteins were the most abundant metalloproteins, representing 5.7% of the fungus proteome, whereas copper and iron proteins represent 0.3 and 1.2%, respectively. Functional classification revealed that metalloproteins are related to many cellular processes. Furthermore, it was observed that many of these metalloproteins serve as virulence factors in the biology of the fungus. Thus, it is concluded that the Cu, Fe, and Zn metalloproteomes of the Paracoccidioides spp. are of the utmost importance for the biology and virulence of these particular human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel B Tristão
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Leandro do Prado Assunção
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo A Dos Santos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Clayton L Borges
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Mirelle Garcia Silva-Bailão
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Célia M de Almeida Soares
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Cavallaro
- Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alexandre M Bailão
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
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6
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Amaral NO, de Oliveira TS, Naves LM, Filgueira FP, Ferreira-Neto ML, Schoorlemmer GHM, de Castro CH, Freiria-Oliveira AH, Xavier CH, Colugnati DB, Rosa DA, Blanch GT, Borges CL, Soares CMA, Reis AAS, Cravo SL, Pedrino GR. Efferent pathways in sodium overload-induced renal vasodilation in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109620. [PMID: 25279805 PMCID: PMC4184892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypernatremia stimulates the secretion of oxytocin (OT), but the physiological role of OT remains unclear. The present study sought to determine the involvement of OT and renal nerves in the renal responses to an intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline. Male Wistar rats (280–350 g) were anesthetized with sodium thiopental (40 mg. kg−1, i.v.). A bladder cannula was implanted for collection of urine. Animals were also instrumented for measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal blood flow (RBF). Renal vascular conductance (RVC) was calculated as the ratio of RBF by MAP. In anesthetized rats (n = 6), OT infusion (0.03 µg • kg−1, i.v.) induced renal vasodilation. Consistent with this result, exvivo experiments demonstrated that OT caused renal artery relaxation. Blockade of OT receptors (OXTR) reduced these responses to OT, indicating a direct effect of this peptide on OXTR on this artery. Hypertonic saline (3 M NaCl, 1.8 ml • kg−1 b.wt., i.v.) was infused over 60 s. In sham rats (n = 6), hypertonic saline induced renal vasodilation. The OXTR antagonist (AT; atosiban, 40 µg • kg−1 • h−1, i.v.; n = 7) and renal denervation (RX) reduced the renal vasodilation induced by hypernatremia. The combination of atosiban and renal denervation (RX+AT; n = 7) completely abolished the renal vasodilation induced by sodium overload. Intact rats excreted 51% of the injected sodium within 90 min. Natriuresis was slightly blunted by atosiban and renal denervation (42% and 39% of load, respectively), whereas atosiban with renal denervation reduced sodium excretion to 16% of the load. These results suggest that OT and renal nerves are involved in renal vasodilation and natriuresis induced by acute plasma hypernatremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia O. Amaral
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Thiago S. de Oliveira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lara M. Naves
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Fernando P. Filgueira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marcos L. Ferreira-Neto
- Faculty of Physical Education, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos H. de Castro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - André H. Freiria-Oliveira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. Xavier
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Diego B. Colugnati
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Rosa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Graziela T. Blanch
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Clayton L. Borges
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Célia M. A. Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Angela A. S. Reis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Sergio L. Cravo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R. Pedrino
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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7
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Fraga-Silva RA, Costa-Fraga FP, Murça TM, Moraes PL, Martins Lima A, Lautner RQ, Castro CH, Soares CMA, Borges CL, Nadu AP, Oliveira ML, Shenoy V, Katovich MJ, Santos RAS, Raizada MK, Ferreira AJ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation improves endothelial function. Hypertension 2013; 61:1233-8. [PMID: 23608648 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diminished release and function of endothelium-derived nitric oxide coupled with increases in reactive oxygen species production is critical in endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidences have shown that activation of the protective axis of the renin-angiotensin system composed by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin-(1-7), and Mas receptor promotes many beneficial vascular effects. This has led us to postulate that activation of intrinsic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 would improve endothelial function by decreasing the reactive oxygen species production. In the present study, we tested 1-[[2-(dimetilamino)etil]amino]-4-(hidroximetil)-7-[[(4-metilfenil)sulfonil]oxi]-9H-xantona-9 (XNT), a small molecule angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activator, on endothelial function to validate this hypothesis. In vivo treatment with XNT (1 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks) improved the endothelial function of spontaneously hypertensive rats and of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats when evaluated through the vasorelaxant responses to acetylcholine/sodium nitroprusside. Acute in vitro incubation with XNT caused endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation in aortic rings of rats. This vasorelaxation effect was attenuated by the Mas antagonist D-pro7-Ang-(1-7), and it was reduced in Mas knockout mice. These effects were associated with reduction in reactive oxygen species production. In addition, Ang II-induced reactive oxygen species production in human aortic endothelial cells was attenuated by preincubation with XNT. These results showed that chronic XNT administration improves the endothelial function of hypertensive and diabetic rat vessels by attenuation of the oxidative stress. Moreover, XNT elicits an endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation response, which was mediated by Mas. Thus, this study indicated that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation promotes beneficial effects on the endothelial function and it is a potential target for treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Fraga-Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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8
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Rezende TCV, Borges CL, Magalhães AD, de Sousa MV, Ricart CAO, Bailão AM, Soares CMA. A quantitative view of the morphological phases of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis using proteomics. J Proteomics 2011; 75:572-87. [PMID: 21920475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a fungal pathogen with a broad distribution in Latin American countries. The mycelia-to-yeast morphological transition of P. brasiliensis is involved in the virulence of this pathogen, and this event is essential to the establishment of infection. Here, we report the first proteomic comparison between the mycelia, the mycelia-to-yeast transition and the yeast cells. Changes in the relative abundance of the components of the proteome during phase conversion of P. brasiliensis were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Using MALDI-TOF-MS, we identified 100 total proteins/isoforms. We show that 18, 30 and 33 proteins/isoforms in our map are overexpressed in the mycelia, the mycelia-to-yeast transition and in yeast cells, respectively. Nineteen proteins/isoforms did not present significant differences in the volume spots in the three analyzed conditions. The differential expression was confirmed for six different proteins by Western blot analysis. The quantitative differences observed by the proteomic analysis were correlated with the transcript levels, as determined by quantitative RT-PCR of the analyzed conditions, including conidial formation and the transition from conidia-to-yeast cells. The analysis of the functional categories to which these proteins belong provided an integrated view of the metabolic reorganization during the morphogenesis of P. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C V Rezende
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Parente AFA, Bailão AM, Borges CL, Parente JA, Magalhães AD, Ricart CAO, Soares CMA. Proteomic analysis reveals that iron availability alters the metabolic status of the pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22810. [PMID: 21829521 PMCID: PMC3145762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a thermodimorphic fungus and the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). The ability of P. brasiliensis to uptake nutrients is fundamental for growth, but a reduction in the availability of iron and other nutrients is a host defense mechanism many pathogenic fungi must overcome. Thus, fungal mechanisms that scavenge iron from host may contribute to P. brasiliensis virulence. In order to better understand how P. brasiliensis adapts to iron starvation in the host we compared the two-dimensional (2D) gel protein profile of yeast cells during iron starvation to that of iron rich condition. Protein spots were selected for comparative analysis based on the protein staining intensity as determined by image analysis. A total of 1752 protein spots were selected for comparison, and a total of 274 out of the 1752 protein spots were determined to have changed significantly in abundance due to iron depletion. Ninety six of the 274 proteins were grouped into the following functional categories; energy, metabolism, cell rescue, virulence, cell cycle, protein synthesis, protein fate, transcription, cellular communication, and cell fate. A correlation between protein and transcript levels was also discovered using quantitative RT-PCR analysis from RNA obtained from P. brasiliensis under iron restricting conditions and from yeast cells isolated from infected mouse spleens. In addition, western blot analysis and enzyme activity assays validated the differential regulation of proteins identified by 2-D gel analysis. We observed an increase in glycolytic pathway protein regulation while tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate and methylcitrate cycles, and electron transport chain proteins decreased in abundance under iron limiting conditions. These data suggest a remodeling of P. brasiliensis metabolism by prioritizing iron independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. A. Parente
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M. Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Clayton L. Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Juliana A. Parente
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Adriana D. Magalhães
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. O. Ricart
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Célia M. A. Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Parente JA, Salem-Izacc SM, Santana JM, Pereira M, Borges CL, Bailão AM, Soares CMA. A secreted serine protease of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and its interactions with fungal proteins. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:292. [PMID: 21080956 PMCID: PMC3000847 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a thermodimorphic fungus, the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Serine proteases are widely distributed and this class of peptidase has been related to pathogenesis and nitrogen starvation in pathogenic fungi. RESULTS A cDNA (Pbsp) encoding a secreted serine protease (PbSP), was isolated from a cDNA library constructed with RNAs of fungal yeast cells recovered from liver of infected mice. Recombinant PbSP was produced in Escherichia coli, and used to develop polyclonal antibodies that were able to detect a 66 kDa protein in the P. brasiliensis proteome. In vitro deglycosylation assays with endoglycosidase H demonstrated that PbSP is a N-glycosylated molecule. The Pbsp transcript and the protein were induced during nitrogen starvation. The Pbsp transcript was also induced in yeast cells infecting murine macrophages. Interactions of PbSP with P. brasiliensis proteins were evaluated by two-hybrid assay in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PbSP interacts with a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase, calnexin, HSP70 and a cell wall protein PWP2. CONCLUSIONS A secreted subtilisin induced during nitrogen starvation was characterized indicating the possible role of this protein in the nitrogen acquisition. PbSP interactions with other P. brasiliensis proteins were reported. Proteins interacting with PbSP are related to folding process, protein trafficking and cytoskeleton reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A Parente
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sílvia M Salem-Izacc
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jaime M Santana
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Clayton L Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Célia MA Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Costa M, Borges CL, Bailão AM, Meirelles GV, Mendonça YA, Dantas SFIM, de Faria FP, Felipe MSS, Molinari-Madlum EEWI, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fiuza RB, Martins WS, Pereira M, Soares CMA. Transcriptome profiling of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast-phase cells recovered from infected mice brings new insights into fungal response upon host interaction. Microbiology (Reading) 2008; 153:4194-4207. [PMID: 18048933 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/009332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a fungal human pathogen with a wide distribution in Latin America. It causes paracoccidioidomycosis, the most widespread systemic mycosis in Latin America. Although gene expression in P. brasiliensis had been studied, little is known about the genome sequences expressed by this species during the infection process. To better understand the infection process, 4934 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived from a non-normalized cDNA library from P. brasiliensis (isolate Pb01) yeast-phase cells recovered from the livers of infected mice were annotated and clustered to a UniGene (clusters containing sequences that represent a unique gene) set with 1602 members. A large-scale comparative analysis was performed between the UniGene sequences of P. brasiliensis yeast-phase cells recovered from infected mice and a database constructed with sequences of the yeast-phase and mycelium transcriptome (isolate Pb01) (https://dna.biomol.unb.br/Pb/), as well as with all public ESTs available at GenBank, including sequences of the P. brasiliensis yeast-phase transcriptome (isolate Pb18) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). The focus was on the overexpressed and novel genes. From the total, 3184 ESTs (64.53%) were also present in the previously described transcriptome of yeast-form and mycelium cells obtained from in vitro cultures (https://dna.biomol.unb.br/Pb/) and of those, 1172 ESTs (23.75% of the described sequences) represented transcripts overexpressed during the infection process. Comparative analysis identified 1750 ESTs (35.47% of the total), comprising 649 UniGene sequences representing novel transcripts of P. brasiliensis, not previously described for this isolate or for other isolates in public databases. KEGG pathway mapping showed that the novel and overexpressed transcripts represented standard metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, amino acid biosynthesis, lipid and sterol metabolism. The unique and divergent representation of transcripts in the cDNA library of yeast cells recovered from infected mice suggests differential gene expression in response to the host milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milce Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Clayton L Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gabriela V Meirelles
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Yuri A Mendonça
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sabrina F I M Dantas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia P de Faria
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Maria S S Felipe
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Maria J S Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério B Fiuza
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Célia M A Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Borges CL, Pereira M, Felipe MSS, de Faria FP, Gomez FJ, Deepe GS, Soares CMA. The antigenic and catalytically active formamidase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: protein characterization, cDNA and gene cloning, heterologous expression and functional analysis of the recombinant protein. Microbes Infect 2005; 7:66-77. [PMID: 15716068 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a well-characterized pathogen of humans. To identify proteins involved in the fungus-host interaction, P. brasiliensis yeast proteins were separated by liquid isoelectric focusing, and fractions were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. Immunoreactive bands were detected with pooled sera of patients with P. brasiliensis infection. A protein species with a molecular mass of 45 kDa was subsequently purified to homogeneity by preparative gel electrophoresis. The amino acid sequence of four endoproteinase Lys-C-digested peptides indicated that the protein was a formamidase (FMD) (E.C. 3.5.1.49) of P. brasiliensis. The complete cDNA and a genomic clone (Pbfmd) encoding the isolated FMD were isolated. An open reading frame predicted a 415-amino acid protein. The sequence contained each of the peptide sequences obtained from amino acid sequencing. The Pbfmd gene contained five exons interrupted by four introns. Northern and Southern blot analysis suggested that there is one copy of the gene in P. brasiliensis and that it is preferentially expressed in mycelium. The complete coding cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli to produce a recombinant fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST). The purified recombinant protein was recognized by sera of patients with proven paracoccidioidomycosis and not by sera of healthy individuals. The recombinant 45-kDa protein was shown to be catalytically active; FMD activity was detected in P. brasiliensis yeast and mycelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton L Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, ICBII, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Felipe MSS, Andrade RV, Petrofeza SS, Maranhão AQ, Torres FAG, Albuquerque P, Arraes FBM, Arruda M, Azevedo MO, Baptista AJ, Bataus LAM, Borges CL, Campos EG, Cruz MR, Daher BS, Dantas A, Ferreira MASV, Ghil GV, Jesuino RSA, Kyaw CM, Leitão L, Martins CR, Moraes LMP, Neves EO, Nicola AM, Alves ES, Parente JA, Pereira M, Poças-Fonseca MJ, Resende R, Ribeiro BM, Saldanha RR, Santos SC, Silva-Pereira I, Silva MAS, Silveira E, Simões IC, Soares RBA, Souza DP, De-Souza MT, Andrade EV, Xavier MAS, Veiga HP, Venancio EJ, Carvalho MJA, Oliveira AG, Inoue MK, Almeida NF, Walter MEMT, Soares CMA, Brígido MM. Transcriptome characterization of the dimorphic and pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by EST analysis. Yeast 2003; 20:263-71. [PMID: 12557278 DOI: 10.1002/yea.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a pathogenic fungus that undergoes a temperature-dependent cell morphology change from mycelium (22 degrees C) to yeast (36 degrees C). It is assumed that this morphological transition correlates with the infection of the human host. Our goal was to identify genes expressed in the mycelium (M) and yeast (Y) forms by EST sequencing in order to generate a partial map of the fungus transcriptome. Individual EST sequences were clustered by the CAP3 program and annotated using Blastx similarity analysis and InterPro Scan. Three different databases, GenBank nr, COG (clusters of orthologous groups) and GO (gene ontology) were used for annotation. A total of 3,938 (Y = 1,654 and M = 2,274) ESTs were sequenced and clustered into 597 contigs and 1,563 singlets, making up a total of 2,160 genes, which possibly represent one-quarter of the complete gene repertoire in P. brasiliensis. From this total, 1,040 were successfully annotated and 894 could be classified in 18 functional COG categories as follows: cellular metabolism (44%); information storage and processing (25%); cellular processes-cell division, posttranslational modifications, among others (19%); and genes of unknown functions (12%). Computer analysis enabled us to identify some genes potentially involved in the dimorphic transition and drug resistance. Furthermore, computer subtraction analysis revealed several genes possibly expressed in stage-specific forms of P. brasiliensis. Further analysis of these genes may provide new insights into the pathology and differentiation of P. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S S Felipe
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brasil.
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